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Szota M, Szwedowicz U, Rembialkowska N, Janicka-Klos A, Doveiko D, Chen Y, Kulbacka J, Jachimska B. Dendrimer Platforms for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery-Physicochemical Properties in Context of Biological Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7201. [PMID: 39000306 PMCID: PMC11241532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique structure of G4.0 PAMAM dendrimers allows a drug to be enclosed in internal spaces or immobilized on the surface. In the conducted research, the conditions for the formation of the active G4.0 PAMAM complex with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were optimized. The physicochemical properties of the system were monitored using dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D) method was chosen to determine the preferential conditions for the complex formation. The highest binding efficiency of the drug to the cationic dendrimer was observed under basic conditions when the DOX molecule was deprotonated. The decrease in the zeta potential of the complex confirms that DOX immobilizes through electrostatic interaction with the carrier's surface amine groups. The binding constants were determined from the fluorescence quenching of the DOX molecule in the presence of G4.0 PAMAM. The two-fold way of binding doxorubicin in the structure of dendrimers was visible in the Isothermal calorimetry (ITC) isotherm. Fluorescence spectra and release curves identified the reversible binding of DOX to the nanocarrier. Among the selected cancer cells, the most promising anticancer activity of the G4.0-DOX complex was observed in A375 malignant melanoma cells. Moreover, the preferred intracellular location of the complexes concerning the free drug was found, which is essential from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szota
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Urszula Szwedowicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nina Rembialkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Janicka-Klos
- Department of Basic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Doveiko
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Jachimska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
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2
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Banti CN, Kalampounias AG, Hadjikakou SK. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Loaded to Micelles for the Modulation of Their Water Solubility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15152. [PMID: 37894836 PMCID: PMC10607354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The low water solubility of aspirin (ASPH) is well known, creating research challenges regarding both its composition and its delivery. Therefore, the development of new aspirin-based formulations that are water soluble is a research, technological, and financial issue. With the aim to improve the water solubility of ASPH, the micelle of formula SLS@ASPH (SLS = Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) was formed. The Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of SLS in the presence of ASPH was determined by ultrasonic velocity, complementary, and transient birefringence measurements. The SLS@ASPH was characterized by the melting point (m.p.), attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in a solid state and in a solution by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The SLS/ASPH molar ratio was determined to be 5/1 in SLS@ASPH. The inhibitory activity of SLS@ASPH towards lipoxygenase (LOX), an enzyme that takes part in the inflammation mechanism, was studied. The inhibitory activity of SLS@ASPH against LOX is 3.5-fold stronger than that of free SLS. The in vitro toxicity of the SLS@ASPH was tested on immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. Banti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Angelos G. Kalampounias
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sotiris K. Hadjikakou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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3
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Pedro SN, Gomes ATPC, Oskoei P, Oliveira H, Almeida A, Freire MG, Silvestre AJD, Freire CSR. Boosting antibiotics performance by new formulations with deep eutectic solvents. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121566. [PMID: 35151818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The critical scenario of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics highlights the need for improved therapeutics and/or formulations. Herein, we demonstrate that deep eutectic solvents (DES) formulations are very promising to remarkably improve the solubility, stability and therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin. DES aqueous solutions enhance the solubility of ciprofloxacin up to 430-fold while extending the antibiotic stability. The developed formulations can improve, by 2 to 4-fold, the susceptibility of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria to the antibiotic. They also improve the therapeutic efficacy at concentrations where bacteria present resistance, without promoting tolerance development to ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the incorporation of DES decreases the toxicity of ciprofloxacin towards immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCat cells). The results herein reveal the pioneering use of DES in fluoroquinolone-based formulations and their impact on the antibiotic's characteristics and on its therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia N Pedro
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Párástu Oskoei
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Curcumin and Its New Derivatives: Correlation between Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Degradation of PTP1B Phosphatase and ROS Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910368. [PMID: 34638706 PMCID: PMC8508995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women—it affects more than 2 million women worldwide. PTP1B phosphatase can be one of the possible targets for new drugs in breast cancer therapy. In this paper, we present new curcumin derivatives featuring a 4-piperidone ring as PTP1B inhibitors and ROS inducers. We performed cytotoxicity analysis for twelve curcumin derivatives against breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Furthermore, because curcumin is a known antioxidant, we assessed antioxidant effects in its derivatives. For the most potent cytotoxic compounds, we determined intracellular ROS and PTP1B phosphatase levels. Moreover, for curcumin and its derivatives, we performed real-time microscopy to observe the photosensitizing effect. Finally, computational analysis was performed for the curcumin derivatives with an inhibitory effect against PTP1B phosphatase to assess the potential binding mode of new inhibitors within the allosteric site of the enzyme. We observed that two tested compounds are better anticancer agents than curcumin. Moreover, we suggest that blocking the -OH group in phenolic compounds causes an increase in the cytotoxicity effect, even at a low concentration. Furthermore, due to this modification, a higher level of ROS is induced, which correlates with a lower level of PTP1B.
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Nanoformulation Shows Cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Antiangiogenic Activity in Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060862. [PMID: 34208088 PMCID: PMC8230781 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a histological and genetically heterogeneous brain tumor that is highly proliferative and vascularized. The prognosis is poor with currently available treatment. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of doxorubicin-loaded-chitosan-coated-arginylglycylaspartic acid-functionalized-poly(ε-caprolactone)-alpha bisabolol-LNC (AB-DOX-LNC-L-C-RGD). The nanoformulation was prepared by self-assembling followed by interfacial reactions, physicochemically characterized and evaluated in vitro against GB cell lines (U87MG and U138MG) and in vivo using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). Spherical shape nanocapsules had a hydrodynamic mean diameter of 138 nm, zeta potential of +13.4 mV, doxorubicin encapsulation of 65%, and RGD conjugation of 92%. After 24 h of treatment (U87MG and U138MG), the median inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 520 and 490 nmol L−1 doxorubicin-equivalent concentrations, respectively. The treatment induced antiproliferative activity with S-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in the GB cells. Furthermore, after 48 h of exposure, evaluation of antiangiogenic activity (CAM) showed that the relative vessel growth following treatment with the nanocapsules was 5.4 times lower than that with the control treatment. The results support the therapeutic potential of the nanoformulation against GB and, thereby, pave the way for future preclinical studies.
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Stability, biological and biopharmaceutical evaluation of the inclusion complexes of the antifungal and antiprotozoal drug candidate 2-(2-nitrovinyl) furan (G-0) with beta cyclodextrin derivatives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Prado LG, Arruda HS, Peixoto Araujo NM, de Oliveira Braga LE, Banzato TP, Pereira GA, Figueiredo MC, Ruiz ALTG, Eberlin MN, de Carvalho JE, Vendramini-Costa DB, Pastore GM. Antioxidant, antiproliferative and healing properties of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) peel and seed. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109168. [PMID: 32466931 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a native fruit from Brazilian Cerrado widely used by folk medicine. Nevertheless, the biological effects of its seeds and peel have not been extensively evaluated. We evaluate herein the antioxidant, antiproliferative and healing potential of araticum peel and seeds extracts. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed flavonoids, namely epicatechin and quercetin, as the main compounds in peel and seeds extracts, respectively. These extracts showed high content of phenolic compounds (7254.46 and 97.74 µg/g extract) and, as consequence, high antioxidant capacity. Interesting, the seeds extract was more effective than peel extract against all tested cancer cells, especially on NCI-ADR/RES (multidrug resistant ovary adenocarcinoma) cell line. In the cell migration assay by using HaCaT (keratinocyte), the seeds extract induced migration, while the peel extract showed an inhibitory effect. In this way, phenolic content could be related to antioxidant capacity, but it was not related to antiproliferative and healing effect. The araticum seeds extract showed an interesting response to in vitro biological assay although of its low content of phenolic compounds. Unidentified compounds, such as alkaloids and annonaceous acetogenins could be related to it. Araticum has potential to be used as therapeutic plant especially as antiproliferative and healing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Garcia Prado
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Graduate Program in Odontology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Petrochelli Banzato
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Araujo Pereira
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil; School of Food Engineering (FEA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cecchetto Figueiredo
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Graduate Program in Odontology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
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8
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Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Grabowska K, Galanty A, Sobolewska D, Żmudzki P, Podolak I. Anti-melanoma potential of two benzoquinone homologues embelin and rapanone - a comparative in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104826. [PMID: 32169436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapanone and embelin are simple alkyl benzoquinone derivatives, mainly distributed in the Primulaceae. They have an interesting scope of biological activities including cytotoxicity. As melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer, in many cases resistant to current treatment regimens, the aim of this study was to assess and compare anti-melanoma activity of the two benzoquinones. Cytotoxicity of both compounds towards different melanoma cell lines (A375, HTB140, WM793) and selectivity with respect to normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were investigated. Furthermore, interactions with a reference chemotherapeutic, doxorubicine, were assessed. Finally, analysis of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of both benzoquinones was conducted as well. Rapanone showed selective and higher than doxorubicine cytotoxic potential against primary melanoma cell line, WM793. Although embelin was also highly cytotoxic, its selectivity was much poorer. Interestingly, in case of HTB140 and HaCaT cell lines a combination of each benzoquinone with doxorubicine potentiated the cytotoxic potential in a synergistic manner. Embelin revealed higher albumin anti-denaturation potential than rapanone but lower than diclofenac sodium. Anti-hyaluronidase effect of both benzoquinones was higher than quercetin. Both compounds showed antioxidant potential although significantly lower as compared to vitamin C. Finally, neither embelin nor rapanone had any inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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9
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Sun F, Liu Y, Wang D, Wang Z, Mu H, Wang F, Ding K, Duan J. A novel photocleavable heparin derivative with light controllable anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:191-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Saïdi L, Vilela C, Oliveira H, Silvestre AJD, Freire CSR. Poly(N-methacryloyl glycine)/nanocellulose composites as pH-sensitive systems for controlled release of diclofenac. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:357-365. [PMID: 28504156 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the development of non-cytotoxic and pH-sensitive nanostructured membranes consisting of a polymer with amino acid pending moieties and bacterial nanocellulose (BC). The nanocomposites were prepared through a simple methodology under green reaction conditions. The obtained materials display good thermal stability (up to 200°C), viscoelastic (storage modulus>700MPa) and mechanical (Young's modulus=3.5-4.9GPa) properties, together with high water uptake capacity. The results of the in vitro MTT assay showed that the nanocomposites are non-cytotoxic to HaCaT cells for 72h. The in vitro release profile of diclofenac sodium salt (DCF) from the nanocomposites into simulated body fluids at different pH values demonstrates the pH-responsive behaviour of these materials. Besides, DCF is mainly retained in the nanocomposites at pH 2.1 and released at pH 7.4, revealing their potential for the controlled release of DCF in dermal as well as in oral drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Saïdi
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Vilela
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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De Giglio E, Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Vona D, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Dicarlo M, Ceci E, Fino V, Cicco SR, Farinola GM. Exploiting a new glycerol-based copolymer as a route to wound healing: Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility assessment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:600-11. [PMID: 26461426 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of biocompatible materials based on naturally derived monomers plays a key role in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this paper we describe the synthesis of a new low molecular weight copolymer, based on glycerol and l-tartaric acid, useful to develop biocompatible dermal patches with drug delivery properties. The copolymer's chemical composition was assessed by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), (1)H NMR ((1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), while its molecular weight distribution was estimated by SEC (size exclusion chromatography). Copolymer thermal properties were studied by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Biological evaluations by MTT assay and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations performed with murine fibroblasts and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) revealed a good compatibility of the proposed copolymer. Ciprofloxacin was selected as model drug and its release was evaluated by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), showing that the new copolymer supplied promising results as drug delivery system for wound healing applications. Furthermore, investigations on Skin-Mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) behaviour and gene expression showed that the copolymer and its combination with ciprofloxacin did not affect their stemness. In this regard, the fabrication of dermal patches with new, low cost materials for local treatment of skin infections represents an attractive strategy in order to bypass the worrying side effects of systemic antibiotic therapy. Overall, the performed physico-chemical characterization, drug release test and biological evaluations showed that this new copolymer could be a promising tool for the in situ delivery of bioactive molecules during skin lesions treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - M A Bonifacio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S Cometa
- Jaber Innovation srl, via Calcutta 8, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - D Vona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dicarlo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - E Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, ValenzanoBari, Italy
| | - V Fino
- Synchimia srl, Spin-off of University of Bari Aldo-Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S R Cicco
- CNR-ICCOM Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G M Farinola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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12
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Jančula D, Maršálek B, Babica P. Photodynamic effects of 31 different phthalocyanines on a human keratinocyte cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:870-874. [PMID: 23790830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs, colored macromolecular compounds with the ability to generate singlet oxygen) represent a promising group of photosensitizers due to their intense absorption in the red and UV portion of the spectrum which leads to their excitation. In order to characterize possible toxic effects associated with eventual practical use and application of these chemicals, we employed an in vitro cell culture model to evaluate cytotoxic effects of 31 different phthalocyanines using neutral red uptake assay. An immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was exposed to the tested chemicals for 2 or 24h, either with or without illumination in the last 60 min of the exposure period. After 2- or 24-h exposure without illumination, no cytotoxic effects or weak cytotoxic effects were induced by any Pc under the study and EC50 values could not be obtained within the tested concentration ranges (1.25-20 mg L(-1) or 0.625-10 mg L(-1)). On the other hand, exposure to phthalocyanines under illumination induced a significant cytotoxic effect. The most pronounced cytotoxicity was elicited by Pcs previously shown to have high positive charge densities at peripheral parts of substituent groups, which is most likely the factor responsible for the binding of Pc to negatively charged membranes on the cell surface and thus guaranteeing the tight connection necessary for the singlet oxygen attack on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jančula
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Luanpitpong S, Chanvorachote P, Nimmannit U, Leonard SS, Stehlik C, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y. Mitochondrial superoxide mediates doxorubicin-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through oxidative modification of ERK and Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1643-54. [PMID: 22469513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Massive apoptosis of keratinocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced skin toxicities, but the underlying mechanisms of action are not well understood. The present study investigated the apoptotic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) on HaCaT keratinocytes and determined the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of the cells with DOX induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a concomitant increase in apoptotic cell death through the mitochondrial death pathway independent of p53. Electron spin resonance and flow cytometry studies showed that superoxide is the primary oxidative species induced by DOX and responsible for the death inducing effect. Ectopic expression of mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme (MnSOD) or treatment with MnSOD mimetic (MnTBAP) inhibited DOX-induced superoxide generation and apoptosis. The mechanism by which superoxide mediates the apoptotic effect of DOX was shown to involve downregulation of Bcl-2 through ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Superoxide induces dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 through MAP kinase ERK1/2 inactivation, which promotes ubiquitination of Bcl-2. We also provide evidence for the oxidative modification of ERK1/2 through cysteine sulfenic acid formation. These findings indicate a novel pathway for redox regulation of apoptosis regulatory proteins, which could be important in the understanding of chemotherapy-induced toxicities and development of preventive treatment strategies which are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Zanette C, Pelin M, Crosera M, Adami G, Bovenzi M, Larese FF, Florio C. Silver nanoparticles exert a long-lasting antiproliferative effect on human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1053-60. [PMID: 21501681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For their antibacterial activity, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are largely used in various commercially available products designed to come in direct contact with the skin. In this study we investigated the effects of Ag NPs on skin using the human-derived keratinocyte HaCaT cell line model. Ag NPs caused a concentration- and time-dependent decrease of cell viability, with IC(50) values of 6.8 ± 1.3 μM (MTT assay) and 12 ± 1.2 μM (SRB assay) after 7 days of contact. A 24h treatment, followed by a 6 day recovery period in Ag NPs-free medium, reduced cell viability with almost the same potency (IC(50)s of 15.3 ± 4.6 and 35 ± 20 μM, MTT and SRB assays, respectively). Under these conditions, no evidence of induction of necrotic events (propidium iodide assay) was found. Apocynin, NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, or N(G)-monomethyl-L-argynine, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, did not prevent NPs-induced reduction of cell viability. TEM analysis of cells exposed to NPs for 24h revealed alteration of nuclear morphology but only a marginal presence of individual NPs inside the cells. These results demonstrate that on HaCaT keratinocytes a relatively short time of contact with Ag NPs causes a long-lasting inhibition of cell growth, not associated with consistent Ag NPs internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanette
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 7/9, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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15
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Chamorro CI, Weber G, Grönberg A, Pivarcsi A, Ståhle M. The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 suppresses apoptosis in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:937-44. [PMID: 18923446 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is involved in various aspects of skin biology, including protection against infection, wound healing, and also in psoriasis. The tight regulation of apoptosis is critical in tissue repair and its deregulation is a part of the psoriasis phenotype. Despite being involved in cell death of several cell types, virtually nothing is known about the function of LL-37 in keratinocyte apoptosis. Here we report that LL-37 peptide protects primary human keratinocytes and HaCaT cells from apoptosis induced by the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CAM). In particular, pretreatment with LL-37 significantly decreased caspase-3 activity after CAM-treatment. Expression profiling of keratinocytes treated with LL-37 identified the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a gene implicated in protection from apoptosis. In addition to inducing COX-2 expression, LL-37 stimulated the production of its product, prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2). Moreover, LL-37 induced the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis-2 (IAP-2), implicated in the COX-2/PGE-2 antiapoptotic pathway. Pretreatment with a selective COX-2 inhibitor abolished the antiapoptotic effect of LL-37 and reduced IAP-2 expression implicating that the antiapoptotic effect of LL-37 in keratinocytes is mediated by a COX-2-dependent mechanism involving IAP-2. Thus, overexpression of LL-37 may contribute to reduced keratinocyte apoptosis in conditions such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Chamorro
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Réthy B, Csupor-Löffler B, Zupkó I, Hajdú Z, Máthé I, Hohmann J, Rédei T, Falkay G. Antiproliferative activity of Hungarian Asteraceae species against human cancer cell lines. Part I. Phytother Res 2008; 21:1200-8. [PMID: 17661336 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous and organic extracts of 25 selected species from four tribes of Hungarian Asteraceae were screened in vitro for antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells, using the MTT assay. Twenty five of the 228 tested extracts from different parts of the species of Astereae (6), Inuleae (3), Heliantheae (5) and Anthemideae (11) demonstrated a substantial antiproliferative effect (at least 50% inhibition of cell proliferation) at 10 microg/mL against one or more of the cell lines. Complete dose-response curves were generated and IC(50) values were calculated for these active extracts, and their direct cytotoxic effects were determined. In summary, 11 of the tested 25 plants were found to be active and 4 of them (Anthemis ruthenica, Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus and Inula ensifolia) had not been studied previously for either active compounds or anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Réthy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Ng LT, Swami S, Gordon-Thomson C. Hydrogels synthesised through photoinitiator-free photopolymerisation technique for delivering drugs including a tumour-tracing porphyrin. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murata K, Sugita K, Kobayashi M, Kabashima K, Tokura Y. Nadifloxacin downmodulates antigen-presenting functions of epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 42:91-9. [PMID: 16431082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nadifloxacin is an anti-microbial quinolone derivative widely used for the treatment of acne as a topical agent. This drug has been suggested to have not only anti-bacterial but also anti-inflammatory actions, which may have a beneficial effect on some aspects of inflammatory acne. OBJECTIVE To further clarify its abilities to modulate skin immunity, we investigated whether nadifloxacin affects the hapten- and superantigen-presenting capacities of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes, respectively. METHODS Immune lymph node CD4+ T cells from trinitrophenyl-sensitized BALB/c mice were cocultured with LC-enriched epidermal cells (LC-EC) that were freshly isolated from syngeneic mice and derivatized with trinitrophenyl hapten in the presence or absence of nadifloxacin. Alternatively, LC-EC were preincubated with nadifloxacin (NDFX), modified with the hapten, and cultured with immune T cells. The effects of nadifloxacin on the surface molecule expression in LC and keratinocytes were also tested by flow cytometry and cellular ELISA. RESULTS LC-EC cultured with nadifloxacin at 10 microg/ml or more significantly suppressed the antigen-presenting function of LC for T cells. The ability of MHC class II+ keratinocytes to present a superantigen to T cells was suppressed by preincubation of keratinocytes with 30 microg/ml or more of nadifloxacin. These functional reductions in LC and keratinocytes reflected the decreased expression of MHC class II and/or costimulatory molecules. CONCLUSION Nadifloxacin downmodulates cutaneous immunity by interfering with the antigen-presenting ability of epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Kuwahara K, Kitazawa T, Kitagaki H, Tsukamoto T, Kikuchi M. Nadifloxacin, an antiacne quinolone antimicrobial, inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 38:47-55. [PMID: 15795123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease involving colonization of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), activation of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Circumstantial evidence suggests that antigen-independent and -dependent immune responses against P. acnes are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne. Epidermal keratinocytes are also suggested to be involved in initiation and progression of cutaneous inflammation. Nadifloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone, has potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative and -positive microbes and is used to treat multiple inflamed acne lesions. However, its effect on immune conferring cells such as mononuclear cells and keratinocytes has not been examined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible involvement of potential anti-inflammatory activity of nadifloxacin in its therapeutic effect on inflammatory acne, we examined the effects of nadifloxacin, in comparison with other antibiotics used to treat acne vulgaris, on cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and keratinocytes. METHODS Cytokine production by PBMC was determined after treatment with heat-killed P. acnes in the presence or absence of antimicrobials using a real-time PCR and ELISA. Cultured human epidermal keratinocytes were stimulated by IFN-gamma plus IL-1beta and the effects of antimicrobials were examined by using ELISA. RESULTS Nadifloxacin as well as macrolide antibiotics and clindamycin inhibited IL-12 and IFN-gamma production by PBMC stimulated by heat-killed P. acnes. The drug also inhibited the IL-1alpha, Il-6, IL-8 and GM-CMS production by keratinocytes treated with IFN-gamma plus IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory effects of nadifloxacin to activate T cells and keratinocytes may be involved at least in part in the mechanism of its therapeutic effect against inflammatory acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kuwahara
- Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1122-73 Nishihamakita-cho, Ako, Hyogo 678-0207, Japan
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