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Guo W, Li G, Wang N, Yang C, Peng H, Wang M, Liu D. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Cotton by Inhibiting the Spread of Fungus and Generating ROS Burst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17164. [PMID: 38138993 PMCID: PMC10743298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. It causes great harm to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. A previous study has shown that Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) exerts strong inhibitory activity against V. dahliae in vitro. In the current study, we introduced the HEWL gene into cotton through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the exogenous HEWL protein was successfully expressed in cotton. Our study revealed that HEWL was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of V. dahlia in cotton. Consequently, the overexpression of HEWL effectively improved the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. In addition, ROS accumulation and NO content increased rapidly after the V. dahliae inoculation of plant leaves overexpressing HEWL. In addition, the expression of the PR genes was significantly up-regulated. Taken together, our results suggest that HEWL significantly improves resistance to Verticillium wilt by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus, triggering ROS burst, and activating PR genes expression in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Shin SY, Lee CM, Kim HS, Kim C, Jeon JH, Lee HJ. Ethylene signals modulate the survival of Arabidopsis leaf explants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37237253 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf explants are major materials in plant tissue cultures. Incubation of detached leaves on phytohormone-containing media, which is an important process for producing calli and regenerating plants, change their cell fate. Although hormone signaling pathways related to cell fate transition have been widely studied, other molecular and physiological events occurring in leaf explants during this process remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we identified that ethylene signals modulate expression of pathogen resistance genes and anthocyanin accumulation in leaf explants, affecting their survival during culture. Anthocyanins accumulated in leaf explants, but were not observed near the wound site. Ethylene signaling mutant analysis revealed that ethylene signals are active and block anthocyanin accumulation in the wound site. Moreover, expression of defense-related genes increased, particularly near the wound site, implying that ethylene induces defense responses possibly by blocking pathogenesis via wounding. We also found that anthocyanin accumulation in non-wounded regions is required for drought resistance in leaf explants. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the key roles of ethylene in the regulation of defense gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf explants. Our results suggest a survival strategy of detached leaves, which can be applied to improve the longevity of explants during tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Jiang Y, Zhang S, Chen K, Xia X, Tao B, Kong W. Impacts of DNA methylases and demethylases on the methylation and expression of Arabidopsis ethylene signal pathway genes. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:143. [PMID: 37127698 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis ethylene (ET) signal pathway plays important roles in various aspects. Cytosine DNA methylation is significant in controlling gene expression in plants. Here, we analyzed the bisulfite sequencing and mRNA sequencing data from Arabidopsis (de)methylase mutants met1, cmt3, drm1/2, ddm1, ros1-4, and rdd to investigate how DNA (de)methylases influence the DNA methylation and expression of Arabidopsis ET pathway genes. At least 32 genes are found to involved in Arabidopsis ET pathway by text mining. Among them, 14 genes are unmethylated or methylated with very low levels. ACS6 and ACS9 are conspicuously methylated within their upstream regions. The other 16 genes are predominantly methylated at the CG sites within gene body regions in wild-type plants, and mutation of MET1 resulted in almost entire elimination of the CG methylations. In addition, CG methylations within some genes are jointly maintained by MET1 and other (de)methylases. Analyses of mRNA-seq data indicated that some ET pathway genes were differentially expressed between wild-type and diverse mutants. PDF1.2, the marker gene of ET signal pathway, was found being regulated indirectly by the methylases. Eighty-two transposable elements (TEs) were identified to be associated to 15 ET pathway genes. ACS11 is found located in a heterochromatin region that contains 57 TEs, indicating its specific expression and regulation. Together, our results suggest that DNA (de)methylases are implicated in the regulation of CG methylation within gene body regions and transcriptional activity of some ET pathway genes and that maintenance of normal CG methylation is essential for ET pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingqing Tao
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwen Kong
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Pogorelko GV, Juvale PS, Rutter WB, Hütten M, Maier TR, Hewezi T, Paulus J, van der Hoorn RA, Grundler FM, Siddique S, Lionetti V, Zabotina OA, Baum TJ. Re-targeting of a plant defense protease by a cyst nematode effector. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1000-1014. [PMID: 30801789 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants mount defense responses during pathogen attacks, and robust host defense suppression by pathogen effector proteins is essential for infection success. 4E02 is an effector of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing the effector-coding sequence showed altered expression levels of defense response genes, as well as higher susceptibility to both the biotroph H. schachtii and the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, indicating a potential suppression of defenses by 4E02. Yeast two-hybrid analyses showed that 4E02 targets A. thaliana vacuolar papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) 'Responsive to Dehydration 21A' (RD21A), which has been shown to function in the plant defense response. Activity-based protein profiling analyses documented that the in planta presence of 4E02 does not impede enzymatic activity of RD21A. Instead, 4E02 mediates a re-localization of this protease from the vacuole to the nucleus and cytoplasm, which is likely to prevent the protease from performing its defense function and at the same time, brings it in contact with novel substrates. Yeast two-hybrid analyses showed that RD21A interacts with multiple host proteins including enzymes involved in defense responses as well as carbohydrate metabolism. In support of a role in carbohydrate metabolism of RD21A after its effector-mediated re-localization, we observed cell wall compositional changes in 4E02 expressing A. thaliana lines. Collectively, our study shows that 4E02 removes RD21A from its defense-inducing pathway and repurposes this enzyme by targeting the active protease to different cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Pogorelko
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Parijat S Juvale
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - William B Rutter
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
| | - Marion Hütten
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas R Maier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Judith Paulus
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Florian Mw Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga A Zabotina
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Ju S, Go YS, Choi HJ, Park JM, Suh MC. DEWAX Transcription Factor Is Involved in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1210. [PMID: 28744297 PMCID: PMC5504226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of land plants is the first physical barrier to protect their aerial parts from biotic and abiotic stresses. DEWAX, an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor, negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa overexpressing DEWAX and in Arabidopsis dewax mutant. Compared to wild type (WT) leaves, Arabidopsis DEWAX OX and dewax leaves were more and less permeable to toluidine blue dye, respectively. The ROS levels increased in DEWAX OX leaves, but decreased in dewax relative to WT leaves. Compared to WT, DEWAX OX was more resistant, while dewax was more sensitive to B. cinerea; however, defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000:GFP were inversely modulated. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression of defense-related genes was upregulated in DEWAX OX, but downregulated in dewax relative to WT. Transactivation assay showed that DEWAX upregulated the expression of PDF1.2a, IGMT1, and PRX37. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DEWAX directly interacts with the GCC-box motifs of PDF1.2a promoter. In addition, ectopic expression of DEWAX increased the tolerance to B. cinerea in C. sativa. Taken together, we suggest that increased ROS accumulation and DEWAX-mediated upregulation of defense-related genes are closely associated with enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in Arabidopsis and C. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Ju
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Go
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Choi
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
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Aoun M. Host Defense Mechanisms During Fungal Pathogenesis and how these are Overcome in Susceptible Plants: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijb.2017.82.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tsuge T, Harimoto Y, Akimitsu K, Ohtani K, Kodama M, Akagi Y, Egusa M, Yamamoto M, Otani H. Host-selective toxins produced by the plant pathogenic fungusAlternaria alternata. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:44-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Demkura PV, Ballaré CL. UVR8 mediates UV-B-induced Arabidopsis defense responses against Botrytis cinerea by controlling sinapate accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:642-52. [PMID: 22447155 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light is emerging as a central regulator of plant immune responses against herbivores and pathogens. Solar UV-B radiation plays an important role as a positive modulator of plant defense. However, since UV-B photons can interact with a wide spectrum of molecular targets in plant tissues, the mechanisms that mediate their effects on plant defense have remained elusive. Here, we show that ecologically meaningful doses of UV-B radiation increase Arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and that this effect is mediated by the photoreceptor UVR8. The UV-B effect on plant resistance was conserved in mutants impaired in jasmonate (JA) signaling (jar1-1 and P35S:JAZ10.4) or metabolism of tryptophan-derived defense compounds (pen2-1, pad3-1, pen2 pad3), suggesting that neither regulation of the JA pathway nor changes in levels of indolic glucosinolates (iGS) or camalexin are involved in this response. UV-B radiation, acting through UVR8, increased the levels of flavonoids and sinapates in leaf tissue. The UV-B effect on pathogen resistance was still detectable in tt4-1, a mutant deficient in chalcone synthase and therefore impaired in the synthesis of flavonoids, but was absent in fah1-7, a mutant deficient in ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase, which is essential for sinapate biosynthesis. Collectively, these results indicate that UVR8 plays an important role in mediating the effects of UV-B radiation on pathogen resistance by controlling the expression of the sinapate biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Demkura
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Mang HG, Laluk KA, Parsons EP, Kosma DK, Cooper BR, Park HC, AbuQamar S, Boccongelli C, Miyazaki S, Consiglio F, Chilosi G, Bohnert HJ, Bressan RA, Mengiste T, Jenks MA. The Arabidopsis RESURRECTION1 gene regulates a novel antagonistic interaction in plant defense to biotrophs and necrotrophs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:290-305. [PMID: 19625635 PMCID: PMC2735982 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.142158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a role for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RESURRECTION1 (RST1) gene in plant defense. The rst1 mutant exhibits enhanced susceptibility to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum but enhanced resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. RST1 encodes a novel protein that localizes to the plasma membrane and is predicted to contain 11 transmembrane domains. Disease responses in rst1 correlate with higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and increased basal and B. cinerea-induced expression of the plant defensin PDF1.2 gene but reduced E. cichoracearum-inducible salicylic acid levels and expression of pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PR2. These results are consistent with rst1's varied resistance and susceptibility to pathogens of different life styles. Cuticular lipids, both cutin monomers and cuticular waxes, on rst1 leaves were significantly elevated, indicating a role for RST1 in the suppression of leaf cuticle lipid synthesis. The rst1 cuticle exhibits normal permeability, however, indicating that the disease responses of rst1 are not due to changes in this cuticle property. Double mutant analysis revealed that the coi1 mutation (causing defective JA signaling) is completely epistatic to rst1, whereas the ein2 mutation (causing defective ethylene signaling) is partially epistatic to rst1, for resistance to B. cinerea. The rst1 mutation thus defines a unique combination of disease responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi in that it antagonizes salicylic acid-dependent defense and enhances JA-mediated defense through a mechanism that also controls cuticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gon Mang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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Kumar M, Busch W, Birke H, Kemmerling B, Nürnberger T, Schöffl F. Heat shock factors HsfB1 and HsfB2b are involved in the regulation of Pdf1.2 expression and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2009; 2:152-65. [PMID: 19529832 PMCID: PMC2639743 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the functional roles of heat stress-induced class B-heat shock factors in Arabidopsis, we investigated T-DNA knockout mutants of AtHsfB1 and AtHsfB2b. Micorarray analysis of double knockout hsfB1/hsfB2b plants revealed as strong an up-regulation of the basal mRNA-levels of the defensin genes Pdf1.2a/b in mutant plants. The Pdf expression was further enhanced by jasmonic acid treatment or infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. The single mutant hsfB2b and the double mutant hsfB1/B2b were significantly improved in disease resistance after A. brassicicola infection. There was no indication for a direct interaction of Hsf with the promoter of Pdf1.2, which is devoid of perfect HSE consensus Hsf-binding sequences. However, changes in the formation of late HsfA2-dependent HSE binding were detected in hsfB1/B2b plants. This suggests that HsfB1/B2b may interact with class A-Hsf in regulating the shut-off of the heat shock response. The identification of Pdf genes as targets of Hsf-dependent negative regulation is the first evidence for an interconnection of Hsf in the regulation of biotic and abiotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Present address: Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Martinistrabe 52, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Speemannstrabe 37–39, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Birke
- Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP)—Allgemeine Genetik, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP)—Biochemie der Pflanzen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP)—Biochemie der Pflanzen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Schöffl
- Universität Tübingen, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP)—Allgemeine Genetik, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail , fax +49-7071-295042, tel. +49-7071-2978831
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Tamaoki M, Freeman JL, Pilon-Smits EAH. Cooperative ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling regulates selenite resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:1219-30. [PMID: 18178671 PMCID: PMC2259059 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for many organisms, but excess Se is toxic. To better understand plant Se toxicity and resistance mechanisms, we compared the physiological and molecular responses of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions, Columbia (Col)-0 and Wassilewskija (Ws)-2, to selenite treatment. Measurement of root length Se tolerance index demonstrated a clear difference between selenite-resistant Col-0 and selenite-sensitive Ws-2. Macroarray analysis showed more pronounced selenite-induced increases in mRNA levels of ethylene- or jasmonic acid (JA)-biosynthesis and -inducible genes in Col-0 than in Ws-2. Indeed, Col-0 exhibited higher levels of ethylene and JA. The selenite-sensitive phenotype of Ws-2 was attenuated by treatment with ethylene precursor or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Conversely, the selenite resistance of Col-0 was reduced in mutants impaired in ethylene or JA biosynthesis or signaling. Genes encoding sulfur (S) transporters and S assimilation enzymes were up-regulated by selenite in Col-0 but not Ws-2. Accordingly, Col-0 contained higher levels of total S and Se and of nonprotein thiols than Ws-2. Glutathione redox status was reduced by selenite in Ws-2 but not in Col-0. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species by selenite was higher in Col-0 than in Ws-2. Together, these results indicate that JA and ethylene play important roles in Se resistance in Arabidopsis. Reactive oxygen species may also have a signaling role, and the resistance mechanism appears to involve enhanced S uptake and reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tamaoki
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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12
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Roberts K, Love AJ, Laval V, Laird J, Tomos AD, Hooks MA, Milner JJ. Long-distance movement of Cauliflower mosaic virus and host defence responses in Arabidopsis follow a predictable pattern that is determined by the leaf orthostichy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 175:707-717. [PMID: 17688586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance virus transport takes place through the vascular system and is dependent on the movement of photoassimilates. Here, patterns of symptom development, virus movement and gene expression were analysed in Arabidopsis following inoculation with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) on a single leaf. Virus accumulation and expression of markers for the salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene/jasmonate (Et/JA) defence pathways, PR-1 and PDF1.2, were analysed on a leaf-by-leaf basis by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Virus spread followed a strictly defined pattern identical to that of a source-sink relationship. This was exploited to study differences between local and systemic defence responses in a developmental and spatial manner. In infected plants, PR-1 transcripts accumulated primarily but not exclusively in leaves with a direct vascular connection to the inoculated leaf. Abundances fell significantly as virus accumulated. By contrast, PDF1.2 transcripts were significantly lower than in controls in all leaves at early stages of infection, but recovered as virus accumulated. Virus and PR-1 transcript abundances are negatively correlated, and SA- and Et/JA-mediated signalling of gene expression occurs independently of the presence of virus. Although SA-dependent signalling responses were mainly linked to the orthostichy, Et/JA-dependent responses were independent of vascular connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Roberts
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales - Bangor, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Andrew J Love
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Valérie Laval
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Janet Laird
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A Deri Tomos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales - Bangor, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Mark A Hooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales - Bangor, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Joel J Milner
- Plant Science Group, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Wang Z, Dai L, Jiang Z, Peng W, Zhang L, Wang G, Xie D. GmCOI1, a soybean F-box protein gene, shows ability to mediate jasmonate-regulated plant defense and fertility in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2005; 18:1285-95. [PMID: 16478048 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-18-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The F-box protein gene COI1 from Arabidopsis plays a fundamental role in response to jasmonates, which regulate plant root growth, pollen fertility, wounding and healing, and defense against pathogens and insects. Null mutations in COI1 were previously found to abolish all the jasmonate responses, and the Arabidopsis coil-1 mutant is male sterile and susceptible to pathogen infection. In this study, we isolated an F-box protein gene from soybean, which shares significant homology with the Arabidopsis COI1 and similarly contains an F-box motif and leucine rich repeats (LRR), here designated GmCOI1 (Glycine max L. (Merr.) COI1). To test whether the sequence homology and structural similarity are indicative of functional conservation, we expressed GmCOI1 in the Arabidopsis coil-1 mutant. The transgenic coil-1 plants with expression of the GmCOI1 gene were found to exhibit normal jasmonate responses, including jasmonate-regulated plant defense and fertility. In addition, the chimerical proteins with swapped domain of the F-box motif or LRR between GmCOI1 and COI1 were shown to functionally complement the coil-1 mutation. Furthermore, GmCOI1 was found to assemble into the Skpl-Cullin-F-box (SCF) complexes, similar to the formation of the Arabidopsis SCF(COO1). These data demonstrate the soybean F-box protein gene GmCOI1 is able to mediate jasmonate-regulated plant defense and fertility in Arabidopsis, which implies a generic jasmonate pathway with conserved signal components in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis drive, 138673 Singapore
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Murray SL, Adams N, Kliebenstein DJ, Loake GJ, Denby KJ. A constitutive PR-1::luciferase expression screen identifies Arabidopsis mutants with differential disease resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2005; 6:31-41. [PMID: 20565636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A complex signal transduction network involving salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene underlies disease resistance in Arabidopsis. To understand this defence signalling network further, we identified mutants that expressed the marker gene PR-1::luciferase in the absence of pathogen infection. These cir mutants all display constitutive expression of a suite of defence-related genes but exhibit different disease resistance profiles to two biotrophic pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Peronospora parasitica NOCO2, and the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. We further characterized cir3, which displays enhanced resistance only to the necrotrophic pathogen. Cir3-mediated resistance to B. cinerea is dependent on accumulated salicylic acid and a functional EIN2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L Murray
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Nickstadt A, Thomma BPHJ, Feussner I, Kangasjärvi J, Zeier J, Loeffler C, Scheel D, Berger S. The jasmonate-insensitive mutant jin1 shows increased resistance to biotrophic as well as necrotrophic pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2004; 5:425-34. [PMID: 20565618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Jasmonic acid and related oxylipin compounds are plant signalling molecules that are involved in the response to pathogens, insects, wounding and ozone. To explore further the role of jasmonates in stress signal transduction, the response of two jasmonate-signalling mutants, jin1 and jin4, to pathogens and ozone was analysed in this study. Upon treatment with the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, endogenous jasmonate levels increased in jin1 and jin4 similar to wild-type, demonstrating that these mutants are not defective in jasmonate biosynthesis. Jin1 but not jin4 is more resistant to P. syringae and this higher resistance is accompanied by higher levels of salicylic acid. Jin1 is also more resistant to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and shows wild-type sensitivity to ozone whereas jin4 is more susceptible to B. cinerea and ozone. These results indicate that the mutations in jin1 and jin4 affect different branches of the jasmonate signalling pathway. Additionally, in this combination of phenotypes, jin1 is unique among all other jasmonate-related mutants described thus far. These data also provide support for a crosstalk between the jasmonate and salicylate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nickstadt
- Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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