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Murali M, Ahmed F, Gowtham HG, Aribisala JO, Abdulsalam RA, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Sayyed RZ, Sabiu S, Amruthesh KN. Exploration of CviR-mediated quorum sensing inhibitors from Cladosporium spp. against Chromobacterium violaceum through computational studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15505. [PMID: 37726386 PMCID: PMC10509224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum resists the potency of most antibiotics by exploiting the quorum sensing system within their community to control virulence factor expression. Therefore, blocking the quorum sensing mechanism could help to treat several infectious caused by this organism. The quorum sensing receptor (CviR) of C. violaceum was used as a model target in the current investigation to identify potentially novel quorum sensing inhibitors from Cladosporium spp. through in silico computational approaches. The molecular docking results confirmed the anti-quorum sensing potential of bioactive compounds from Cladosporium spp. through binding to CviR with varying docking scores between - 5.2 and - 9.5 kcal/mol. Relative to the positive control [Azithromycin (- 7.4 kcal/mol)], the top six metabolites of Cladosporium spp. had higher docking scores and were generally greater than - 8.5 kcal/mol. The thermodynamic stability and binding affinity refinement of top-ranked CviR inhibitors were further studied through a 160 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The Post-MD simulation analysis confirmed the top-ranked compounds' affinity, stability, and biomolecular interactions with CviR at 50 ns, 100 ns, and 160 ns with Coniochaetone K of the Cladosporium spp. having the highest binding free energy (- 30.87 kcal/mol) and best interactions (two consistent hydrogen bond contact) following the 160 ns simulation. The predicted pharmacokinetics properties of top selected compounds point to their drug likeliness, potentiating their chance as a possible drug candidate. Overall, the top-ranked compounds from Cladosporium spp., especially Coniochaetone K, could be identified as potential C. violaceum CviR inhibitors. The development of these compounds as broad-spectrum antibacterial medicines is thus possible in the future following the completion of further preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamiu Olaseni Aribisala
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rukayat Abiola Abdulsalam
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ali A Shati
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
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S C, G G, LA S, W N, P M, L A, A W, V F, P W, D G, T BT. Transcriptomic profiling reveals differential cellular response to copper oxide nanoparticles and polystyrene nanoplastics in perfused human placenta. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108015. [PMID: 37315489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing nanoparticulate pollution (e.g. engineered nanoparticles (NPs) or nanoplastics) has been shown to pose potential threats to human health. In particular, sensitive populations such as pregnant women and their unborn children need to be protected from harmful environmental exposures. However, developmental toxicity from prenatal exposure to pollution particles is not yet well studied despite evidence of particle accumulation in human placenta. Our study aimed to investigate how copper oxide NPs (CuO NPs; 10-20 nm) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs; 70 nm) impact on gene expression in ex vivo perfused human placental tissue. Whole genome microarray analysis revealed changes in global gene expression profile after 6 h of perfusion with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of CuO (10 µg/mL) and PS NPs (25 µg/mL). Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested that CuO and PS NPs trigger distinct cellular response in placental tissue. While CuO NPs induced pathways related to angiogenesis, protein misfolding and heat shock responses, PS NPs affected the expression of genes related to inflammation and iron homeostasis. The observed effects on protein misfolding, cytokine signaling, and hormones were corroborated by western blot (accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins) or qPCR analysis. Overall, the results of the present study revealed extensive and material-specific interference of CuO and PS NPs with placental gene expression from a single short-term exposure which deserves increasing attention. In addition, the placenta, which is often neglected in developmental toxicity studies, should be a key focus in the future safety assessment of NPs in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chortarea S
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gupta G
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Saarimäki LA
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Netkueakul W
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manser P
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Aengenheister L
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Wichser A
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials, Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fortino V
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wick P
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Greco D
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Buerki-Thurnherr T
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Xu H, Qu J, Wang J, Han K, Li Q, Bi W, Liu R. Discovery of pulmonary fibrosis inhibitor targeting TGF-β RI in Polygonum cuspidatum by high resolution mass spectrometry with in silico strategy. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:860-868. [PMID: 36605575 PMCID: PMC9805938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible lung disease that is characterized by excessive scar tissue with a poor median survival rate of 2-3 years. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β receptor type-I (TGF-β RI) by an appropriate drug may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has an anti-PF effect. Accordingly, a combination of high resolution mass spectrometry with an in silico strategy was developed as a new method to search for potential chemical ingredients of PC that target the TGF-β RI. Based on this strategy, a total of 24 ingredients were identified. Then, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-related properties were subsequently predicted to exclude compounds with potentially undesirable pharmacokinetics behaviour. Molecular docking studies on TGF-β RI were adopted to discover new PF inhibitors. Eventually, a compound that exists in PC known as resveratrol was proven to have excellent biological activity on TGF-β RI, with an IC50 of 2.211 μM in vitro. Furthermore, the complex formed through molecular docking was tested via molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed that resveratrol had strong interactions with residues of TGF-β RI. This study revealed that resveratrol has significant potential as a treatment for PF due to its ability to target TGF-β RI. In addition, this research demonstrated the exploration of natural products with excellent biological activities toward specific targets via high resolution mass spectrometry in combination with in silico technology is a promising strategy for the discovery of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiameng Qu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kefei Han
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- Health Science Center Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ran Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Corresponding author.
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Gunes HY, Caliskan DK, Sakar HA, Yuzkat N. Does smoking affect the onset time of sensory blocks or the duration of motor blocks in parturient women? A randomized controlled trial. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:2039-2045. [PMID: 36537463 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_527_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is still common worldwide, and the rate of smoking in women of childbearing age is gradually increasing. Cesarean section rates have been increasing in recent years, and anesthesia guidelines recommend regional anesthesia for cesarean sections. Since nicotine and local anesthetics have different effects on ligand-gated ion channels, smoking may affect spinal anesthesia in pregnant women. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on spinal anesthesia, which is applied for cesarean sections in pregnant women. Patients and. METHODS After approval from the institution's ethics committee, 100 pregnant women were divided into two groups: current smokers (Group S, smoker) (n = 50) and lifelong nonsmokers (Group NS, nonsmoker) (n = 50). The dose of local anesthetic was adjusted according to the height of each patient. After free cerebrospinal fluid flow was observed, all patients were given 20 μμg of fentanyl in 0.05 mg/cm hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine within 10 seconds. The onset of sensory and motor block, the duration of sensory and motor block, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score were monitored. RESULTS Data from 100 parturient women were investigated. Even though the median time required for the onset of sensory block to occur was significantly higher in Group S (P = 0.019), the duration of motor block was found to be shorter (P = 0.003); however, the duration of sensory block was similar in both groups (P = 0.771). VAS scores were significantly higher in Group S (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the pregnant women who smoked had longer motor block onset times, shorter motor block durations, higher VAS scores, and lower patient satisfaction levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Gunes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - D K Caliskan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Van Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey
| | - H A Sakar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Van Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Van, Turkey
| | - N Yuzkat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Gloor Y, Czarnetzki C, Curtin F, Gil-Wey B, Tramèr MR, Desmeules JA. Genetic Susceptibility Toward Nausea and Vomiting in Surgical Patients. Front Genet 2022; 12:816908. [PMID: 35173765 PMCID: PMC8842269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.816908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequently occurring adverse effects following surgical procedures. Despite predictive risk scores and a pallet of prophylactic antiemetic treatments, it is still estimated to affect around 30% of the patients, reducing their well-being and increasing the burden of post-operative care. The aim of the current study was to characterize selected genetic risk factors of PONV to improve the identification of at risk patients. We genotyped 601 patients followed during the first 24 h after surgery for PONV symptoms in the absence of any antiemetic prophylaxis. These patients were recruited in the frame of a randomized, placebo controlled clinical study aiming to test the efficacy of dexamethasone as a treatment of established PONV. We examined the impact of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located around 13 different genes and the predicted activity of 6 liver drug metabolizing enzymes from the cytochromes P450 family (CYP) on the occurrence and recurrence of PONV. Our genetic study confirms the importance of genetic variations in the type 3B serotonin receptor in the occurrence of PONV. Our modelling shows that integration of rs3782025 genotype in preoperative risk assessments may help improve the targeting of antiemetic prophylaxis towards patients at risk of PONV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Czarnetzki
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - François Curtin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.,Personalized Health Programs, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Béatrice Gil-Wey
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin R Tramèr
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules A Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Possible Role of Cytochrome P450 1B1 in the Mechanism of Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101396. [PMID: 34680513 PMCID: PMC8533121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft models reportedly represent original tumor morphology and gene mutation profiles. In addition, patient-derived xenografts are expected to recapitulate the parental tumor drug responses. In this study, we analyzed the pathways involved in gemcitabine resistance using patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. The patient-derived xenograft models were established using samples from patients with pancreatic cancer. The models were treated with gemcitabine to better understand the mechanism of resistance to this anti-cancer drug. We performed comparative gene analysis through the next-generation sequencing of tumor tissues from gemcitabine-treated or non-treated patient-derived xenograft mice and gene set enrichment analysis to analyze mRNA profiling data. Pathway analysis of gemcitabine-treated patient-derived xenografts disclosed the upregulation of multiple gene sets and identified several specific gene pathways that could potentially be related to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Further, we conducted an in vitro analysis to validate these results. The mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 and cytochrome P450 2A6 was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner following gemcitabine treatment. Moreover, the sensitivity to gemcitabine increased, and viable cells were decreased by the cytochrome P450 1B1 inhibitor, indicating that the cytochrome P450 1B1 pathway may be related to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Huang Y, Zhou ZY, Gong ZP, Li YT, Chen SY, Pan J, Wang YL, Wang AM, Lan YY, Liu T, Zheng L. Cocktail Method: Effect of the Bletilla striata Extracts on CytochromeP450 Activity in Rat. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211032463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bletilla striata is a dried tuber of B striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. of Orchidaceae plant, which is mainly used for hemoptysis, vomiting blood, trauma bleeding, sore swollen poison, and cracked skin. There have been few research reports on the effect of this herb on cytochrome P450 (CYP), therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effects of the B striata extracts on the activity of 6 subtypes (CYP2D6, 1A2, 2C19, 2E1, 3A4, and 2C9) using a cocktail method. The B striata extracts were administrated to rats in 0.21 or 0.63 g/kg once a day for 7 or 14 days. The 3 control groups were used to ensure the accuracy of the results. Subsequently, a cocktail of tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, midazolam, metoprolol, omeprazole, and caffeine was injected. A ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer was developed and validated to investigate the concentration of the probes and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated to investigate the effects of the extracts on the activity of 6 enzymes under different doses and different dosing periods. The results suggested that the B striata extracts could induce the activities of CYP2D6, 1A2, and 2C19 and could inhibit the activities of CYP2E1, 3A4, and 2C9. When used in combination with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6, 1A2, 2C19, 2E1, 3A4, and 2C9, appropriate dose adjustments were needed to avoid toxic side effects caused by drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zu-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zi-Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Si-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan-Yu Lan
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Xing S, Wang Y, He X, Yang W, Hu Q, He Y, Yuan D, Jin T. CYP2C8 and CYP2E1 genetic variants increase risk of tuberculosis in northwest Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105022. [PMID: 34371160 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease which remains a main cause of death worldwide, and arises more and more concerns in recent years. CytochromeP450 (CYP450) is involved in the metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous compounds, and its polymorphism is associated with many diseases. The objective of our study was to explore the relationship between CYP450 polymorphisms and TB susceptibility in Northwest Chinese Han population. METHODS 506 TB patients and 506 controls were recruited for our study, and their DNA were extracted. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotype. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the correlation between SNPs and TB risk. RESULTS The genotype "TA" of CYP2C8 rs2275620 was related to an increased risk of TB in the co-dominant model (OR = 1.33, 95%CI =1.00-1.76, p = 0.049). In females, CYP2E1 rs2070672 was related to an increased TB susceptibility (co-dominant: OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.04-2.52, p = 0.032; dominant: OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.08-2.56, p = 0.020; additive: OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.08-2.36, p = 0.018), and CYP2E1 rs2515641 was also associated with an increased risk of TB (co-dominant: OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.19-3.04, p = 0.007; dominant: OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.23-3.05, p = 0.004; additive: OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.20-2.71, p = 0.005) in women. But there was no statistical significance between haplotypes and TB risk (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our research showed CYP2C8 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of TB in Northwest Chinese Han population, which may provide a crucial help on defining new therapeutic strategies for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Yuhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Xue He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Qunying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Yongjun He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.
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Religia P, Nguyen ND, Nong QD, Matsuura T, Kato Y, Watanabe H. Mutation of the Cytochrome P450 CYP360A8 Gene Increases Sensitivity to Paraquat in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1279-1288. [PMID: 33338286 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna has traditionally been a model for ecotoxicological studies owing to its sensitivity to many xenobiotics. Because it is used in many toxicity assessments, its detoxification mechanism for xenobiotics is important and requires further study. However, studies related to detoxification genes are limited to transcriptomic profiling, and there are no D. magna mutants for use in the understanding of xenobiotic metabolism in vivo. We report the generation of a D. magna CYP360A8 mutant-the gene is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) clan 3 gene. Based on RNA sequencing of adult D. magna, we found that CYP360A8 has the highest expression level among all CYP genes. At ovarian maturation, its expression level is up-regulated 6-fold compared to the juvenile stages and is maintained thereafter. Using the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system, we disrupted CYP360A8 by coinjecting CYP360A8-targeting guide RNA and Cas9 proteins into D. magna eggs and established one monoallelic CYP360A8 mutant line. This CYP360A8 mutant had a higher sensitivity to the herbicide paraquat compared to the wild type. We confirmed the up-regulation of CYP360A8 by paraquat. The results demonstrate the role of CYP360A8 in paraquat detoxification. The present study establishes a CYP mutant of D. magna, and this strategy can be a basic platform to document a range of CYP gene-xenobiotic relationships in this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1279-1288. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijar Religia
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Nhan Duc Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Quang Dang Nong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Faizo N, Narasimhulu CA, Forsman A, Yooseph S, Parthasarathy S. Peroxidized Linoleic Acid, 13-HPODE, Alters Gene Expression Profile in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020314. [PMID: 33546321 PMCID: PMC7913489 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxides (LOOHs) abound in processed food and have been implicated in the pathology of diverse diseases including gut, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases. Recently, RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) has been widely used to profile gene expression. To characterize gene expression and pathway dysregulation upon exposure to peroxidized linoleic acid, we incubated intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) with 100 µM of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) or linoleic acid (LA) for 24 h. Total RNA was extracted for library preparation and Illumina HiSeq sequencing. We identified 3094 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 13-HPODE-treated cells and 2862 DEGs in LA-treated cells relative to untreated cells. We show that 13-HPODE enhanced lipid metabolic pathways, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, PPAR signaling, and bile secretion, which alter lipid uptake and transport. 13-HPODE and LA treatments promoted detoxification mechanisms including cytochrome-P450. Conversely, both treatments suppressed oxidative phosphorylation. We also show that both treatments may promote absorptive cell differentiation and reduce proliferation by suppressing pathways involved in the cell cycle, DNA synthesis/repair and ribosomes, and enhancing focal adhesion. A qRT-PCR analysis of representative DEGs validated the RNA-seq analysis. This study provides insights into mechanisms by which 13-HPODE alters cellular processes and its possible involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders and proposes potential therapeutic strategies to treat LOOH-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Faizo
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (C.A.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Anna Forsman
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Department of Computer Science, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-823-5307
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (C.A.N.); (S.P.)
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11
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Zhou A, Hyppönen E. Habitual coffee intake and plasma lipid profile: Evidence from UK Biobank. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4404-4413. [PMID: 33487505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is evidence that long-term heavy coffee consumption may adversely affect individuals' cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. As hyperlipidemia is a well-established contributor to CVD risk, we investigated the association between habitual coffee intake and plasma lipid profile. METHODS We used data from up to 362,571 UK Biobank participants to examine phenotypic associations between self-reported coffee intake and plasma lipid profiles, including low-density-lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (total-C), triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 and ApoB). Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetically instrumented coffee intake was used to interrogate the causal nature of coffee-lipid associations. RESULTS We observed a positive dose-dependent association between self-reported coffee intake and plasma concentration of LDL-C, ApoB and total-C, with the highest lipid levels seen among participants reported drinking >6 cups/day (Plinear trend≤ 3.24E-55 for all). Consistently, in MR analyses using genetically instrumented coffee intake one cup higher coffee intake was associated with a 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03 to 0.12), 0.02 g/L (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03), and 0.09 mmol/L (95% CI 0.04 to 0.14) increase in plasma concentration of LDL-C, ApoB, and total-C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our phenotypic and genetic analyses suggest that long-term heavy coffee consumption may lead to unfavourable lipid profile, which could potentially increase individuals' risk for CVD. These findings may have clinical relevance for people with elevated LDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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12
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Kim Y, Kim JH, Lee T, Bae JS, Jeong TC, Lee ES, Lee S. Selective inhibitory effects of HYIpro-3-1 on CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021; 42:35-41. [PMID: 33386627 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A2 is one of the main Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the human liver associated with the metabolism of several xenobiotics. CYP1A2 is especially involved in the metabolic activation of different procarcinogens. Therefore, the development of cancer may be inhibited by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity. Here, the inhibitory effect of HYIpro-3-1 and its derivatives on CYP1A2 activity in human liver microsomes (HLM) was studied through LC-MS/MS using a cocktail assay. Among the four compounds, HYIpro-3-1 showed the most selective and strongest inhibitory effect on CYP1A2 at IC50 values of 0.1 µM in HLMs and inhibition was confirmed using purified human CYP1A2. It was determined that inhibition is reversible because the inhibitory effect of HYIpro-3-1 is not dependent on preincubation time. HYIpro-3-1 showed a typical pattern of competitive inhibition for CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation, based on the Lineweaver-Burk plot, with a Ki value of 0.05 μM in HLMs; the secondary plot also showed a linear pattern. In our study, HYIpro-3-1 was proposed as a novel inhibitor with the capacity to selectively inhibit CYP1A activity in HLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cytochrome P450 Expression and Chemical Metabolic Activity before Full Liver Development in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120456. [PMID: 33322603 PMCID: PMC7763843 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are used widely in biomedical, toxicological, and developmental research, but information on their xenobiotic metabolism is limited. Here, we characterized the expression of 14 xenobiotic cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in whole embryos and larvae of zebrafish (4 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf)) and the metabolic activities of several representative human CYP substrates. The 14 CYPs showed various changes in expression patterns during development. Many CYP transcripts abruptly increased at about 96 hpf, when the hepatic outgrowth progresses; however, the expression of some cyp1s (1b1, 1c1, 1c2, 1d1) and cyp2r1 peaked at 48 or 72 hpf, before full liver development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed cyp2y3, 2r1, and 3a65 transcripts in larvae at 55 hpf after exposure to rifampicin, phenobarbital, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from 30 hpf onward. Marked conversions of diclofenac to 4′-hydroxydiclofenac and 5-hydroxydiclofenac, and of caffeine to 1,7-dimethylxanthine, were detected as early as 24 or 50 hpf. The rate of metabolism to 4’-hydroxydiclofenac was more marked at 48 and 72 hpf than at 120 hpf, after the liver had become almost fully developed. These findings reveal the expression of various CYPs involved in chemical metabolism in developing zebrafish, even before full liver development.
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14
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Luo Y, Liu JY. Pleiotropic Functions of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Derived Eicosanoids in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:580897. [PMID: 33192522 PMCID: PMC7658919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a class of functionally bioactive lipid mediators derived from the metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mediated by multiple enzymes of three main branches, including cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Recently, the role of eicosanoids derived by COXs and LOXs pathways in the control of physiological and pathological processes associated with cancer has been well documented. However, the role of CYPs-mediated eicosanoids, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxyoctadecenoic acids (EpOMEs), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs), and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), as well as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), in tumorigenesis and cancer progression have not been fully elucidated yet. Here we summarized the association of polymorphisms of CYP monooxygenases with cancers and the pleiotropic functions of CYP monooxygenase-mediated eicosanoids (EETs, EpOMEs, EpETE, EDPs, and 20-HETE) in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers, including but not limited to colon, liver, kidney, breast and prostate cancers, which hopefully provides valuable insights into cancer therapeutics. We believe that manipulation of CYPs with or without supplement of ω-3 PUFAs to regulate eicosanoid profile is a promising strategy to prevent and/or treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Walker D, Ionescu CM, Shah U, Stojanovic G, Kojic S, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Alginate-based drug oral targeting using bio-micro/nano encapsulation technologies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1361-1376. [PMID: 32597249 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1789587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral delivery is the most common administrated drug delivery path. However, oral administration of lipophilic drugs has some limitations: they have poor dose-response due to low and varied dissolution kinetics and oral bioavailability with sub-optimal dissolution within the aqueous gastrointestinal microenvironment. Therefore, there is a need for robust formulating methods that protect the drug until it reaches to its optimum absorption site, allowing its optimum pharmacological effects via increasing its intestinal permeation and bioavailability. AREA COVERED Herein, we provide insights on orally administered lipophilic drug delivery systems. The detailed description of the obstacles associated with the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs are also discussed. Following this, techniques to overcome these obstacles with much emphasis on optimal safety and efficacy are addressed. Newly designed ionic vibrational jet flow encapsulation technology has enormous growth in lipophilic drug delivery systems, which is discussed thereafter. EXPERT OPINION Researchers have shown interest in drug's encapsulation. A combination of drug-bile acid and microencapsulation methods can be one promising strategy to improve the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. However, the most critical aspect of this approach is the selection of bile acids, polymer, and encapsulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Walker
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Umar Shah
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University , Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Jia ZQ, Zhang YC, Huang QT, Jones AK, Han ZJ, Zhao CQ. Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, elimination, action mode and detoxification metabolism of broflanilide in zebrafish, Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122521. [PMID: 32279005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Broflanilide, a novel meta-diamide insecticide, shows high insecticidal activity against agricultural pests and is scheduled to be launched onto the market in 2020. However, little information about its potential toxicological effects on fish has been reported. In this study, broflanilide showed low toxicity to the zebrafish, Danio rerio, with LC50 > 10 mg L-1 at 96 h and also did not inhibit GABA-induced currents of the heteromeric Drα1β2Sγ2 GABA receptor. Broflanilide showed medium bioconcentration level with a bioconcentration factor at steady state (BCFss) of 10.02 and 69.40 in D. rerio at 2.00 mg L-1 and 0.20 mg L-1, respectively. In the elimination process, the concentration of broflanilide rapidly decreased within two days and slowly dropped below the limit of quantification after ten days. In the 2.00 mg L-1 broflanilide treatment, CYP450 activity was significantly increased up to 3.11-fold during eight days. Glutathione-S- transferase (GST) activity significantly increased by 91.44 % within four days. In conclusion, the acute toxicity of broflanilide was low, but it might induce chronic toxicity, affecting metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the toxicological effects of broflanilide on an aquatic organism, which has the potential to guide the use of broflanilide in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiang Jia
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yi-Chi Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Tang Huang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Andrew K Jones
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Zhao-Jun Han
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Chun-Qing Zhao
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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17
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Hawkins KG, Casolaro C, Brown JA, Edwards DA, Wikswo JP. The Microbiome and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis for Central Nervous System Clinical Pharmacology: Challenges in Specifying and Integrating In Vitro and In Silico Models. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:929-948. [PMID: 32347548 PMCID: PMC7572575 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of integrating microbiota into clinical pharmacology, environmental toxicology, and opioid studies arises from bidirectional and multiscale interactions between humans and their many microbiota, notably those of the gut. Hosts and each microbiota are governed by distinct central dogmas, with genetics influencing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Each microbiota's metabolome differentially modulates its own and the host's multi‐omics. Exogenous compounds (e.g., drugs and toxins), often affect host multi‐omics differently than microbiota multi‐omics, shifting the balance between drug efficacy and toxicity. The complexity of the host‐microbiota connection has been informed by current methods of in vitro bacterial cultures and in vivo mouse models, but they fail to elucidate mechanistic details. Together, in vitro organ‐on‐chip microphysiological models, multi‐omics, and in silico computational models have the potential to supplement the established methods to help clinical pharmacologists and environmental toxicologists unravel the myriad of connections between the gut microbiota and host health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Hawkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caleb Casolaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Exploring the Comparative Efficacy of Metformin and Resveratrol in the Management of Diabetes-associated Complications: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030739. [PMID: 32168855 PMCID: PMC7146424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive compounds such as resveratrol are increasingly explored for their protective effects against metabolic complications. Evidence supports the strong antioxidant properties and therapeutic effects of resveratrol in managing diabetes and its associated complications. However, evidence informing on the comparative or combination effects of this natural compound with an accomplished and well-characterized antidiabetic agent like metformin has not been revised. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic search of the major electronic databases which included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The cumulative evidence strongly supports the comparative effects of metformin and resveratrol in ameliorating diabetes-associated complications in preclinical settings. In particular, both compounds showed strong ameliorative effects against hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, a pro-inflammatory response, and lipid peroxidation in various experimental models of diabetes. Enhancing intracellular antioxidant capacity in addition to activating NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the prime mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of these compounds. Of interest, preclinical evidence also demonstrates that the combination treatment with these compounds may have a greater efficacy in protecting against diabetes. Thus, confirmation of such evidence in well-organized clinical trials remains crucial to uncover novel therapeutic strategies to manage diabetes and its linked complications.
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19
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Ozdemir F, Oz MD, Suzen HS. A Novel PCR-RFLP Method for Detection of POR*28 Polymorphism and its Genotype/Allele Frequencies in a Turkish Population. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:845-851. [PMID: 31518218 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190913121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous substances. They need electrons for their activity. CYP mediated oxidation reactions require cytochrome oxidoreductase (POR) as an electron donor. A common genetic variation identified in the coding region of POR gene (POR*28) leads to an alteration in POR activity by causing amino acid change. The current study aimed to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of POR*28 in a healthy Turkish population by using a novel genotyping assay. METHODS A novel PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the detection of POR*28 (rs1057868) polymorphism and the obtained frequencies were compared with the data established in various ethnic groups. RESULTS Genotypic analysis revealed that of 209 healthy, unrelated individuals tested for POR*28 polymorphism, 55.5% of the studied subjects were homozygous for the CC genotype, 34.9% were heterozygous for the CT genotype and 9.6% were homozygous for the TT genotype. The allele frequencies were 0.73 (C) and 0.27 (T). The present results were in accordance with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of POR*28 allele varies between populations. The frequency of the T allele among members of the Turkish population was similar to frequencies in Caucasian populations but was lower than in Japanese and Chinese populations. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a novel method was developed, which could be applied easily in every laboratory for the genotyping of POR *28 polymorphism. The developed genotyping method and documented allele frequencies may have potential in understanding and predicting the variations in drug response/adverse reactions in pharmacotherapy and susceptibility to diseases in POR-mediated metabolism reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fezile Ozdemir
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
| | - Merve Demirbugen Oz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Hilat S Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
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20
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The transcription factor E4bp4 regulates the expression and activity of Cyp3a11 in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:215-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Caltabiano S, Cizman B, Burns O, Mahar KM, Johnson BM, Ramanjineyulu B, Serbest G, Cobitz AR. Effect of renal function and dialysis modality on daprodustat and predominant metabolite exposure. Clin Kidney J 2019; 12:693-701. [PMID: 31583094 PMCID: PMC6768310 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapies for anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include administration of supplemental iron (intravenous and/or oral), blood transfusions and replacement of erythropoietin through the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and rhEPO analogs, each with limitations. Daprodustat is an orally active, small molecule hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that is currently in Phase 3 clinical studies. As it is well appreciated that the kidney represents a major route of elimination of many drugs, and daprodustat will be administered to patients with advanced CKD as well as patients with end-stage kidney disease, it is important to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile in these patient populations to safely dose this potential new medicine. Methods The primary objective of these studies, conducted under two separate protocols and with identical assessments and procedures, was to characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetics of daprodustat and the six predominant metabolites (i.e. metabolites present in the highest concentration in circulation) in subjects with normal renal function, anemic non-dialysis (ND)-dependent CKD subjects (CKD Stage 3/4) and anemic subjects on either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). All enrolled subjects were administered daprodustat 5 mg once daily for 14 days (all except HD subjects) or 15 days (for HD subjects). Blood, urine and peritoneal dialysate were collected at various times for measurement of daprodustat, predominant metabolite, erythropoietin and hepcidin levels. Results The pharmacokinetic properties of steady-state daprodustat peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma daprodustat concentration-time curve (AUC) and the time of Cmax (tmax) were comparable between all cohorts in this study. In addition, there was no clinically relevant difference in these properties in the HD subjects between a dialysis and ND day. For CKD Stage 3/4, HD (dialysis day) and PD subjects, the AUC of all daprodustat metabolites assessed was higher, while the Cmax was slightly higher than that in subjects with normal renal function. Over the course of the 14 or 15 days of daprodustat administration, hemoglobin levels were seen to be relatively stable in the subjects with normal renal function, CKD Stage 3/4 and PD subjects, while HD subjects had a decrease of 1.9 gm/dL. All renally impaired subjects appeared to have similar erythropoietin responses to daprodustat, with approximately a 3-fold increase in these levels. In subjects with minimal to no change in hemoglobin levels, hepcidin levels remained relatively stable. Daprodustat, administered 5 mg once daily for 14–15 days, was generally well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with this patient population. Conclusion These studies demonstrated no clinically meaningful change in the pharmacokinetic properties of daprodustat when administered to subjects with various degrees of renal impairment, while for CKD Stage 3/4, HD (dialysis day) and PD subjects, the Cmax and AUC of all daprodustat metabolites assessed were higher than in subjects with normal renal function. Administration of daprodustat in this study appeared to be generally safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borut Cizman
- Medicine Delivery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Burns
- Clinical Pharmacology Science and Study Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly M Mahar
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, PA, USA
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22
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From mRNA Expression of Drug Disposition Genes to In Vivo Assessment of CYP-Mediated Biotransformation during Zebrafish Embryonic and Larval Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123976. [PMID: 30544719 PMCID: PMC6321216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo is currently explored as an alternative for developmental toxicity testing. As maternal metabolism is lacking in this model, knowledge of the disposition of xenobiotics during zebrafish organogenesis is pivotal in order to correctly interpret the outcome of teratogenicity assays. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in zebrafish embryos and larvae until 14 d post-fertilization (dpf) by using a non-specific CYP substrate, i.e., benzyloxy-methyl-resorufin (BOMR) and a CYP1-specific substrate, i.e., 7-ethoxyresorufin (ER). Moreover, the constitutive mRNA expression of CYP1A, CYP1B1, CYP1C1, CYP1C2, CYP2K6, CYP3A65, CYP3C1, phase II enzymes uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and sulfotransferase 1st1 (SULT1ST1), and an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter, i.e., abcb4, was assessed during zebrafish development until 32 dpf by means of quantitative PCR (qPCR). The present study showed that trancripts and/or the activity of these proteins involved in disposition of xenobiotics are generally low to undetectable before 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), which has to be taken into account in teratogenicity testing. Full capacity appears to be reached by the end of organogenesis (i.e., 120 hpf), although CYP1-except CYP1A-and SULT1ST1 were shown to be already mature in early embryonic development.
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Bodnar J. Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation: A Hospice Perspective for the Intensivist. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 34:156-164. [PMID: 30189788 DOI: 10.1177/0885066618797918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The intensive care unit (ICU) and hospice inpatient unit (IPU) environments differ in many ways. Although both endeavor to provide the best care possible for their patients, the day-to-day goals of these environments are almost antithetical. Similarly, the experiences and expertise of the staff differ. When performing a similar clinical task, it may be addressed in different ways because each group is engrained in their primary day-to-day focus. Terminal withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is a procedure that is performed in both ICUs and some hospice IPUs. Previous examinations of this subject have been based largely upon the correlative background, practices, and perceptions of the ICU prescriber. The purpose of this review is to examine how the manner in which this procedure is performed in the hospice environment may differ in ways that the intensivist can incorporate into their own plan of care, or better appreciate when making the decision to remove mechanical ventilation in the critical care unit or transfer the patient to a hospice environment for the procedure to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bodnar
- 1 Neighborhood Hospice, Penn Medicine Chester County Hospital, West Chester, PA, USA
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Elfaki I, Mir R, Almutairi FM, Duhier FMA. Cytochrome P450: Polymorphisms and Roles in Cancer, Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2057-2070. [PMID: 30139042 PMCID: PMC6171375 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450s (CYPs) constitute a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of drugs and other substances. Endogenous substrates of CYPs include eicosanoids, estradiol, arachidonic acids, cholesterol, vitamin D and neurotransmitters. Exogenous substrates of CYPs include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and about 80% of currently used drugs. Some isoforms can activate procarcinogens to ultimate carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms of CYPs may affect the enzyme catalytic activity and have been reported among different populations to be associated with various diseases and adverse drug reactions. With regard of drug metabolism, phenotypes for CYP polymorphism range from ultrarapid to poor metabolizers. In this review, we discuss some of the most clinically important CYPs isoforms (CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2) with respect to gene polymorphisms and drug metabolism. Moreover, we review the role of CYPs in renal, lung, breast and prostate cancers and also discuss their significance for atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Dong AN, Pan Y, Palanisamy UD, Yiap BC, Ahemad N, Ong CE. Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 2C19 Enzymes: Expression and Spectral Characterization of Naturally Occurring Allelic Variants. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Peterson A, Xia Z, Chen G, Lazarus P. In vitro metabolism of exemestane by hepatic cytochrome P450s: impact of nonsynonymous polymorphisms on formation of the active metabolite 17 β-dihydroexemestane. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00314. [PMID: 28603633 PMCID: PMC5464343 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exemestane (EXE) is an endocrine therapy commonly used by postmenopausal women with hormone‐responsive breast cancer due to its potency in inhibiting aromatase‐catalyzed estrogen synthesis. Preliminary in vitro studies sought to identify phase I EXE metabolites and hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) that participate in EXE biotransformation. Phase I metabolites were identified by incubating EXE with HEK293‐overexpressed CYP450s. CYP450s 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3A5 produce 17β‐dihydroexemestane (17β‐DHE), an active major metabolite, as well as two inactive metabolites. 17β‐DHE formation in pooled human liver microsomes subjected to isoform‐specific CYP450 inhibition was also monitored using tandem mass spectrometry. 17β‐DHE production in human liver microsomes was unaffected by isoform‐specific inhibition of CYP450s 2A6, 2B6, and 2E1 but decreased 12–39% following inhibition of drug‐metabolizing enzymes from CYP450 subfamilies 1A, 2C, 2D, and 3A. These results suggest that redundancy exists in the EXE metabolic pathway with multiple hepatic CYP450s catalyzing 17β‐DHE formation in vitro. To further expand the knowledge of phase I EXE metabolism, the impact of CYP450 genetic variation on 17β‐DHE formation was assessed via enzyme kinetic parameters. Affinity for EXE substrate and enzyme catalytic velocity were calculated for hepatic wild‐type CYP450s and their common nonsynonymous variants by monitoring the reduction of EXE to 17β‐DHE. Several functional polymorphisms in xenobiotic‐metabolizing CYP450s 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, and 2D6 resulted in deviant enzymatic activity relative to wild‐type enzyme. Thus, it is possible that functional polymorphisms in EXE‐metabolizing CYP450s contribute to inter‐individual variability in patient outcomes by mediating overall exposure to the drug and its active metabolite, 17β‐DHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity Peterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Zuping Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
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Verbueken E, Alsop D, Saad MA, Pype C, Van Peer EM, Casteleyn CR, Van Ginneken CJ, Wilson J, Van Cruchten SJ. In Vitro Biotransformation of Two Human CYP3A Probe Substrates and Their Inhibition during Early Zebrafish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010217. [PMID: 28117738 PMCID: PMC5297846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the zebrafish embryo is increasingly used as an alternative animal model to screen for developmental toxicity after exposure to xenobiotics. Since zebrafish embryos depend on their own drug-metabolizing capacity, knowledge of their intrinsic biotransformation is pivotal in order to correctly interpret the outcome of teratogenicity assays. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)—a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes—in microsomes from whole zebrafish embryos (ZEM) of 5, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of a mammalian CYP substrate, i.e., benzyloxy-methyl-resorufin (BOMR). The same CYP activity assays were performed in adult zebrafish liver microsomes (ZLM) to serve as a reference for the embryos. In addition, activity assays with the human CYP3A4-specific Luciferin isopropyl acetal (Luciferin-IPA) as well as inhibition studies with ketoconazole and CYP3cide were carried out to identify CYP activity in ZLM. In the present study, biotransformation of BOMR was detected at 72 and 96 hpf; however, metabolite formation was low compared with ZLM. Furthermore, Luciferin-IPA was not metabolized by the zebrafish. In conclusion, the capacity of intrinsic biotransformation in zebrafish embryos appears to be lacking during a major part of organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Verbueken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Derek Alsop
- Wilson Tox Lab, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Moayad A Saad
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Casper Pype
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Els M Van Peer
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Christophe R Casteleyn
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Chris J Van Ginneken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Wilson Tox Lab, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Chiba T, Noji K, Shinozaki S, Suzuki S, Umegaki K, Shimokado K. Diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects expression of major cytochrome P450 genes in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1567-1576. [PMID: 27757967 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired liver function, and resveratrol could suppress NAFLD progression. This study examined the effects of NAFLD on the expression of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in the liver and whether the expression could be attenuated by resveratrol. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (male, 10 weeks of age) were fed a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce NAFLD. Major Cyp subtype mRNA expression in the liver was measured by real-time RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Body and liver weights at 4 and 12 weeks were significantly higher in mice fed the HFHS diet compared with control. The HFHS diet significantly increased the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides at 12 weeks. Under this condition, the HFHS diet increased the expression of Cyp1a2 and decreased that of Cyp3a11 at 1 week and thereafter. On the other hand, Cyp1a1, 2b10 and 2c29 mRNA expression levels in the liver were significantly increased at 12 weeks only. Resveratrol (0.05% (w/w) in diet) slightly suppressed lipid accumulation in the liver, but failed to recover impaired Cyp gene expression levels in NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Drug metabolism may be impaired in NAFLD, and each Cyp subtype is regulated in a different manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Noji
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachina Suzuki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Umegaki
- Information Center, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Gallo A, Moschini M, Masoero F. Aflatoxins absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the vaginal mucosa in lactating dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2008.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim SJ, Kim SJ, Hong M, Choi HG, Kim JA, Lee S. Investigation of selective inhibitory effects of glycyrol on human CYP 1A1 and 2C9. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:857-61. [PMID: 26750984 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1131345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Glycyrol is a coumarin derivative isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis called Gamcho in Korea and commonly used as a sweetener in oriental medicine. Glycyrol shows several biological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, and anti-allergenic properties. Although there have been studies on the biological effects of glycyrol, the inhibitory effects of glycyrol on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities have not been investigated. 2. We investigated the inhibitory effects of glycyrol on the activities of CYP isoforms using a cocktail of probe substrates in pooled human liver microsome (HLM) and human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYPs. Glycyrol strongly inhibited CYP1A-mediated phenacetin O-deethylation and CYP2C9-mediated diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation in HLMs, which were the result of competitive inhibition as revealed by a Dixon plot. In addition, glycyrol showed selective inhibition of CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylase activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of (IC50) 1.3 and 16.1 μM in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, respectively. 3. Glycyrol decreased CYP2C9-catalyzed diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation activity with IC50 values of 0.67 μM in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP2C9. This is the first investigation of competitive inhibitory effects on CYP1A1 and CYP2C9 in HLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea and
| | - Su Jin Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea and
| | - Miri Hong
- b College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Choi
- a College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea and
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea and
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- a College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea and
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Mandal A, Raju S, Viswanathan C. Long-term culture and cryopreservation does not affect the stability and functionality of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:243-51. [PMID: 26487432 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are predicted to be an unlimited source of hepatocytes which can pave the way for applications such as cell replacement therapies or as a model of human development or even to predict the hepatotoxicity of drug compounds. We have optimized a 23-d differentiation protocol to generate hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hESCs, obtaining a relatively pure population which expresses the major hepatic markers and is functional and mature. The stability of the HLCs in terms of hepato-specific marker expression and functionality was found to be intact even after an extended period of in vitro culture and cryopreservation. The hESC-derived HLCs have shown the capability to display sensitivity and an alteration in the level of CYP enzyme upon drug induction. This illustrates the potential of such assays in predicting the hepatotoxicity of a drug compound leading to advancement of pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mandal
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai, 400 701, India.
| | - Sheena Raju
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai, 400 701, India
| | - Chandra Viswanathan
- Regenerative Medicine, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, R-282, TTC Industrial Area of MIDC, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai, 400 701, India
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Ibrahim ZS. Chenodeoxycholic acid increases the induction of CYP1A1 in HepG2 and H4IIE cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1976-1982. [PMID: 26640583 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are considered to promote carcinogenesis. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays a critical role in the biotransformation of drugs and procarcinogens. This study aimed to investigate the ability of bile acids to modulate CYP1A1 expression. Treatment of HepG2 cells with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Sudan III (S.III) upregulated CYP1A1 transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells and CYP1A1 mRNA expression in H4IIE cells. Pretreatment of the HepG2 and H4IIE cells with CDCA upregulated the S.III-induced CYP1A transcriptional activity and mRNA expression. The CDCA-induced enhancement of CYP1A1 was not abolished by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. However, exposure of the cells to the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the CDCA-induced enhancement of CYP1A1. These results show the ability of CDCA to upregulate CYP1A1 transcription and expression, which may explain the hepatocarcinogenesis-inducing effect of cholestasis. The CDCA-induced upregulation of CYP1A1 most probably proceeded through MEK1/2 activation, indicating that this may be a therapeutic target to prevent the cancer-promoting effects of excessive amounts of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein Shaban Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Gupta K, Juneja S, Bajwa GS, Kaushal S. Role of Cytochrome Modulators in Altering the Occurrence of Cataract in Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:FF05-7. [PMID: 26393141 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12411.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is one of the primary causes of blindness all over the world. It indicates the onset of secondary complications of diabetes. The only treatment available is surgery as there are no satisfactory drugs which can prevent or retard the initiation and maturation of cataract. It was hypothesized that cytochrome P 450 (CYP) inducers or inhibitors can modify the cataract occurrence by accelerating or delaying the occurrence of cataract respectively. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of two commonly used drugs, phenytoin (CYP inducer) and ciprofloxacin (CYP inhibitor) on the initiation and maturation of cataract with the galactose- induced cataract model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted in 24 new born male Wistar rats. Cataract formation was induced with a 50% galactose diet. The rats were randomized into four groups of 6 rats each: Group 1 rats received a normal diet; Group 2, 3 and 4 rats received 50% galactose diet day 23 onwards. In addition, Group 3 rats were pre-treated with ciprofloxacin (20mg/kg) and Group 4 rats were pre-treated with phenytoin (50mg/kg) day 18 onwards once a day orally. The appearance of cataract was checked daily with an ophthalmoscope. The maturation pattern was examined using Fundus Fluorsen Angiographer (FFA). The cataract was graded according to Sippel's classification. The experimental and control groups were compared by chi square test and the results were considered significant at p< 0.05. RESULTS The initiation of cataract was significantly delayed with ciprofloxacin as compared to galactose; however, there was no difference in the maturation pattern of cataract in both the groups. In spite of being a CYP inducer, the initiation of cataract was not accelerated in phenytoin group. Rather, it was significantly delayed and the cataract did not progress to stage 5 even on 30(th) day of galactose administration. CONCLUSION CYP450 modulators have a significant effect on the initiation of cataract without significantly altering the maturation pattern. It is not reasonable to extrapolate the results of one enzyme inhibitor or inducer to other CYP modulators. Hence, further studies are needed to identify the pharmacological profile of various CYP modulators on the occurrence of cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Shivani Juneja
- Senior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi, India
| | - G S Bajwa
- Professor & Head, Department of Ophthalmology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Kaushal
- Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital , Ludhiana, India
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Abstract
Cytochrome 450 (CYP450) designates a group of enzymes abundant in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of small intestines. The main function of CYP450 is oxidative catalysis of various endogenous and exogenous substances. CYP450 are implicated in phase I metabolism of 80% of drugs currently in use, including anticancer drugs. They are also involved in synthesis of various hormones and influence hormone-related cancers. CYP450 genes are highly polymorphic and their variants play an important role in cancer risk and treatment. Association studies and meta-analyses have been performed to decipher the role of CYP450 polymorphisms in cancer susceptibility. Cancer treatment involves multimodal therapies and evaluation of CYP450 polymorphisms is necessary for pharmacogenetic assessment of anticancer therapy outcomes. In addition, CYP450 inhibitors are being evaluated for improved pharmacokinetics and oral formulation of several anticancer drugs.
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Ding T, Chen M, Wang L, Wu M, Hu G, Lu X. Evaluation of the effect of apatinib (YN968D1) on cytochrome P450 enzymes with cocktail probe drugs in rats by UPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Grabowsky JA. Drug interactions and the pharmacist: focus on everolimus. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47:1055-63. [PMID: 23757385 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1r769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate everolimus drug-drug and drug-food interactions, with an emphasis on patients with cancer. DATA SOURCES Literature was accessed through PubMed (1990-March 2013) using Boolean combinations of the terms drug interactions, herb-drug interactions, food-drug interactions, everolimus, antineoplastic agents, hormonal, and breast neoplasms. In addition, reference citations from publications and the prescribing information for everolimus were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles published in English, including human, animal, and in vitro studies, identified from the data sources were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Patients with cancer are at increased risk for drug interactions because of the multiple medications they are prescribed to treat their disease and comorbid conditions. Everolimus, an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment in adults with progressive neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin that are unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic; adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib; and, recently, postmenopausal women with advanced hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer in combination with exemestane after failure of treatment with letrozole or anastrozole. As its use increases among patients with cancer, clinicians must be knowledgeable about potential drug and/or food/nutrient interactions and the mechanisms by which these interactions occur, to mitigate and prevent unwanted reactions and ensure patient safety. CONCLUSIONS Everolimus is a widely used oral mTOR inhibitor that has the potential for drug interactions that may affect therapeutic outcomes, produce toxicities, or both. This article provides a review of evidence-based literature, along with the prescribing information, to educate clinicians on the significance of these drug interactions and their impact on management with everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Grabowsky
- Early Phase Investigational Therapeutics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Lin W, Zhang J, Ling X, Yu N, Li J, Yang H, Li R, Cui J. Evaluation of the effect of TM208 on the activity of five cytochrome P450 enzymes using on-line solid-phase extraction HPLC–DAD: A cocktail approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu S, Frye RF, Branch RA, Venkataramanan R, Fung JJ, Burckart GJ. Effect of Age and Postoperative Time on Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity Following Liver Transplantation. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 45:666-73. [PMID: 15901748 DOI: 10.1177/0091270005276202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity in orthotopic liver transplant (OLTx) patients in relation to recipient age and postoperative time. Thirty-eight stable OLTx patients, separated into younger and older age groups, and 21 healthy subjects were given a 5-drug cocktail including chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), caffeine (CYP1A2), dapsone (CYP3A4), mephenytoin (CYP2C19), and debrisoquin (CYP2D6). The phenotypic indexes were determined for each associated enzyme. Compared to young healthy subjects, the CYP2E1 capacity was significantly increased in younger and older OLTx patients (P < .001), while the CYP2C19 capacity was decreased significantly in younger and older OLTx patients within 30 days postoperatively (P < .01). The CYP2D6 capacity was significantly lower after 30 days postoperatively in older OLTx patients (P < .05). The authors conclude that within 30 days postoperatively, CYP2E1 capacity was markedly elevated in OLTx patients, while 2C19 function was significantly reduced. CYP2D6 capacity was impaired after 30 days postoperatively. Younger and older OLTx patients experienced similar changes in major CYP450 enzyme capacity following liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, PSC 100, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Bezirtzoglou EEV. Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:18370. [PMID: 23990816 PMCID: PMC3747728 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) enzymes metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. In this vein, a plethora of studies were conducted to investigate their role, as cytochromes are located in both liver and intestinal tissues. The P450 profile of the human intestine has not been fully characterized. Human intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for nutrients, although it has also the ability to metabolize drugs. CYPs are responsible for the majority of phase I drug metabolism reactions. CYP3A represents the major intestinal CYP (80%) followed by CYP2C9. CYP1A is expressed at high level in the duodenum, together with less abundant levels of CYP2C8-10 and CYP2D6. Cytochromes present a genetic polymorphism intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic. Changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug are associated with increased toxicity due to reduced metabolism, altered efficacy of the drug, increased production of toxic metabolites, and adverse drug interaction. The high metabolic capacity of the intestinal flora is due to its enormous pool of enzymes, which catalyzes reactions in phase I and phase II drug metabolism. Compromised intestinal barrier conditions, when rupture of the intestinal integrity occurs, could increase passive paracellular absorption. It is clear that high microbial intestinal charge following intestinal disturbances, ageing, environment, or food-associated ailments leads to the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. The effect of certain bacteria having a benefic action on the intestinal ecosystem has been largely discussed during the past few years by many authors. The aim of the probiotic approach is to repair the deficiencies in the gut flora and establish a protective effect. There is a tentative multifactorial association of the CYP (P450) cytochrome role in the different diseases states, environmental toxic effects or chemical exposures and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Elefterios Venizelos Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
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Shukoor MI, Tiwari S, Sankpal UT, Maliakal P, Connelly SF, Siddiqi S, Siddiqi SA, Basha R. Tolfenamic acid suppresses cytochrome P450 2E1 expression in mouse liver. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1122-9. [PMID: 22832660 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20127e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play a significant role in the chemoprevention of cancer. We recently showed the chemopreventive response of a NSAID, 2-[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)amino]benzoic acid) known as tolfenamic acid (TA) in N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced esophageal tumors in rats. Pre-clinical studies showed that TA inhibits Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors and acts as an anti-cancer agent in several cancer models; however the pertinent mechanisms associated with its chemopreventive response in esophageal cancer are not known. Since the bioactivation of carcinogens through cytochrome P450 (CYP) is critical for the induction of cancer, we have studied the effect of TA on critical CYP isozymes in mouse liver samples. Athymic nude mice were treated with vehicle (corn oil) or TA (50 mg kg(-1), 3 times per week) for 4 weeks. Protein extracts (whole cell lysates and microsomal fractions) were prepared from liver tissue and the expression of various CYP isozymes was determined by Western blot analysis. Rat (Sprague-Dawley) livers were harvested and primary hepatocyte cultures were treated with vehicle (DMSO) or TA (50 μM) and cell viability was assessed at 2 and 5 days post-treatment. TA caused remarkable decrease in the expression of CYP2E1 in both liver lysates and sub-cellular fraction, while its response on other tested isozymes was marginal. TA did not affect the body weight of animals (mice) and viability of rat hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that TA modulates the expression of CYP2E1 which is associated with the bioactivation of carcinogens without causing apparent toxicity. These data suggest that TA-induced inhibition of CYP2E1 attenuates the bioactivation of carcinogens potentially leading to the chemoprevention of NMBA-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Shukoor
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Assessment of a novel β2-adrenoceptor agonist, trantinterol, for interference with human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes activities. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1033-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Thienopyridines are platelet adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists used in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The pharmacokinetic profile of the thienopyridine clopidogrel has resulted in highly variable pharmacokinetics and efficacy responses. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel and clopidogrel and discuss factors that would influence the metabolism of those drugs. Clinical studies have shown that the coadministration of prasugrel with other drugs is less likely to result in clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions compared with clopidogrel. The lack of effect of variant genotypes on the efficacy of prasugrel suggests that more patients will receive adequate platelet inhibition after administration of prasugrel. The efficient generation of the active metabolite of prasugrel results in greater and more rapid inhibition of P2Y(12) receptor-mediated platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Achar
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Pan Y, Abd-Rashid BA, Ismail Z, Ismail R, Mak JW, Pook PCK, Er HM, Ong CE. In vitro effects of active constituents and extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus on the activities of three major human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:1-8. [PMID: 21276781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes, kidney and urinary disorders, high blood pressure and bone or muscular pain. To assess the possibility of drug-herb interaction via interference of metabolism, effects of four OS extracts of different polarity and three active constituents (sinensetin, eupatorin and rosmarinic acid) on major human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were investigated. Three substrate-probe based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays were established to serve as activity markers for CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Our results indicate that OS extracts and constituents exhibited differential modulatory effects on different CYPs. While none of the OS components showed significant inhibition on CYP2C9, eupatorin strongly and uncompetitively inhibited CYP2D6 activity with a K(i) value of 10.2μM. CYP3A4 appeared to be the most susceptible enzyme to OS inhibitory effects. It was moderately inhibited by OS dichloromethane and petroleum ether extract with mixed-type and noncompetitive inhibitions (K(i)=93.7 and 44.9μg/mL), respectively. Correlation study indicated that the inhibition was accounted for by the presence of eupatorin in the extracts. When IC(50) values of these extracts were expressed in volume per dose unit to reflect inhibitory effect at recommended human doses from commercially available products, moderate inhibition was also observed. In addition, CYP3A4 was strongly and noncompetitively inhibited by eupatorin alone, with a K(i) value of 9.3μM. These findings suggest that co-administration of OS products, especially those with high eupatorin content, with conventional drugs may have the potential to cause drug-herb interactions involving inhibition of major CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Patel DV, Gandhi TR, Patel KV, Patil DB, Parikh PV. Targeting CYP450 modulation to decrease the risk of induced cataract in the experimental model. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011; 58:471-5. [PMID: 20952829 PMCID: PMC2993975 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.71676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is one of the major causes of cataract. Some drugs prescribed for the treatment of diabetes are the modulators of CYP450, which may alter the risk of cataract. Objective: To study the effect of CYP450 modulation in galactosemic cataract. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley suckling rats were allotted to four groups (n = 6), as follows: Group 1: Normal control, Group 2: Galactose control, Group 3: CYP450 inhibitor pretreated and Group 4: CYP450 inducer pretreated. Cataract was induced in animals of all groups except group 1 by feeding them galactose (50%), 21 days after parturition. From the eighteenth day of life, CYP450 inhibitor (nifedipine; 8.1 mg/kg) and CYP450 inducer (pioglitazone; 3.8 mg/kg) were given orally to groups 3 and 4, respectively. The maturation pattern of the cataract was observed by an operating microscope, every third day. Biochemical changes in the lenses of all groups, for example, CYP450 activity expressed as µM NADPH oxidized / unit time, alterations in the levels of total proteins, soluble proteins, and reduced glutathione (GSH) following the induction of cataract, were estimated. Results: The microscopic examination of the lenses indicated that CYP450 inhibitor pre-treatment delayed (fourteenth day) the occurrence of cataract, while CYP450 inducer pretreatment demonstrated an early (ninth day) cataract as compared to galactose control rats (twelfth day). A significant decrease and increase in CYP450 activity was observed with the CYP450 inhibitor and inducer pre-treatment, respectively. There was no alteration in the GSH level, but a significant increase in total and soluble protein was found in groups 3 and 4 as compared to group 2. Conclusion: CYP450 may have a role in the initiation of cataract without any effect on the maturation pattern, as revealed by the delayed occurrence of cataract with the CYP450 inhibitor and an early onset of cataract with the CYP450 inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Anand Pharmacy College, SPU, Anand, India.
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Aiub CAF, Gadermaier G, Ferreira F, Felzenszwalb I, Eckl P, Pinto LFR. <i>N</i>–nitrosodiethylamine cytochrome P450 induction and cytotoxicity evaluation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2011.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Duan Y, Ma X, Ma X, Zou W, Wang C, Bahbahan IS, Ahuja TP, Tolstikov V, Zern MA. Differentiation and characterization of metabolically functioning hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2010; 28:674-86. [PMID: 20135682 DOI: 10.1002/stem.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide a cell source for functional hepatocytes for clinical applications and drug development. Initially, the hESC population was enriched to be more than 85% definitive endoderm (DE) as assessed by the expression of CXCR4, SOX17, and FOXA2. We then successfully converted DE into hepatic progenitors with 93% of the cells being positive for alpha-feto protein within 9 days. The percentage of albumin positive cells gradually increased to 90% at days 20-22 after differentiation. Moreover, our hESC-derived hepatocytes (hEH) developed a complete biotransformation system including phase I and II metabolizing enyzmes and phase III transporters. Nuclear receptors, which are critical in regulating the expression of metabolizing enzymes, were also expressed by our hEH. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology, we identified seven metabolic pathways of the drug bufuralol including four newly-reported ones in our hEH, which are the same as those in freshly isolated human primary hepatocytes (hPH). In addition, the results of the metabolism of four drugs indicate that our hEH have the capacity to metabolize these drugs at levels that are comparable to hPH. In conclusion, we have generated a relatively homogenous population of hepatocytes from hESCs, which appear to have complete metabolic function that is comparable to primary liver cells. These results represent a significant step towards the efficient differentiation of mature hepatocytes for cell-based therapeutics as well as for pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyou Duan
- Transplant Research Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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Kennedy DA, Seely D. Clinically based evidence of drug-herb interactions: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2010; 9:79-124. [PMID: 20021292 DOI: 10.1517/14740330903405593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Healthcare practitioners are deeply concerned about drug-herb interactions and how concurrent administration may affect both the safety and effectiveness of prescribed drugs. Interactions between botanical medicines and synthetic drugs can be clinically relevant and it is important to understand what kinds of interactions are possible. Better knowledge in this area will help avoid negative interactions and may also help enable synergistic interactions. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Includes articles related to the investigation of Western botanicals or whole herbal extracts in human subjects, investigating either the impact on Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes or an assessment of specific drug-herb interactions within a clinical trial. Searches were conducted in both Pubmed and EMBASE from inception to March 2009. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Knowledge regarding specific interactions to consider in clinical practice. The reader will also gain an appreciation of the complexities associated with the area of drug-herb interactions. Summary tables of relevant drug-herb interactions are presented both for the individual herbs included and at the level of the CYP450 enzymes. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Knowledge of drug-herb interactions is limited and much more research needs to be done to further document clinically relevant interactions. Even though preclinical data are often poorly generalizable to the human situation, caution must be taken in the absence of clinical evidence especially where drugs with narrow therapeutic windows are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Kennedy
- Department of Research & Clinical Epidemiology, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Avenue East, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, Canada
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Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Although the human small intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for nutrients and water, it also has the ability to metabolise drugs. Interest in the small intestine as a drug-metabolising organ has been increasing since the realisation that it is probably the most important extrahepatic site of drug biotransformation.
Key findings
Among the metabolising enzymes present in the small intestinal mucosa, the cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are of particular importance, being responsible for the majority of phase I drug metabolism reactions. Many drug interactions involving induction or inhibition of CYP enzymes, in particular CYP3A, have been proposed to occur substantially at the level of the intestine rather than exclusively within the liver, as originally thought. CYP3A and CYP2C represent the major intestinal CYPs, accounting for approximately 80% and 18%, respectively, of total immunoquantified CYPs. CYP2J2 is also consistently expressed in the human gut wall. In the case of CYP1A1, large interindividual variation in the expression levels has been reported. Data for the intestinal expression of the polymorphic CYP2D6 are conflicting. Several other CYPs, including the common hepatic isoform CYP2E1, are expressed in the human small intestine to only a very low extent, if at all. The distribution of most CYP enzymes is not uniform along the human gastrointestinal tract, being generally higher in the proximal regions of the small intestine.
Summary
This article reviews the current state of knowledge of CYP enzyme expression in human small intestine, the role of the gut wall in CYP-mediated metabolism, and how this metabolism limits the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. Possible interactions between drugs and CYP activity in the small intestine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Thelen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are predominantly involved in the Phase I metabolism of xenobiotics. Metabolic inhibition and induction can give rise to clinically important drug-drug interactions. Metabolic stability is a prerequisite for sustaining the therapeutically relevant concentrations, and very often drug candidates are sacrificed due to poor metabolic profiles. Computational tools such as quantitative structure-activity relationships are widely used to study different metabolic end points successfully to accelerate the drug discovery process. There are a lot of computational studies on clinically important CYPs already reported in recent years. But other clinically significant families are to yet be explored computationally. Powerfulness of quantitative structure-activity relationship will drive computational chemists to develop new potent and selective inhibitors of different classes of CYPs for the treatment of different diseases with least drug-drug interactions. Furthermore, there is a need to enhance the accuracy, interpretability and confidence in the computational models in accelerating the drug discovery pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Roy
- Jadavpur University, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Lab, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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