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Turner ME, Che J, Mirhaidari GJM, Kennedy CC, Blum KM, Rajesh S, Zbinden JC, Breuer CK, Best CA, Barker JC. The lysosomal trafficking regulator "LYST": an 80-year traffic jam. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404846. [PMID: 38774881 PMCID: PMC11106369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosome related organelles (LROs) are dynamic organelles at the intersection of various pathways involved in maintaining cellular hemostasis and regulating cellular functions. Vesicle trafficking of lysosomes and LROs are critical to maintain their functions. The lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) is an elusive protein important for the regulation of membrane dynamics and intracellular trafficking of lysosomes and LROs. Mutations to the LYST gene result in Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by defective granule exocytosis, cytotoxicity, etc. Despite eight decades passing since its initial discovery, a comprehensive understanding of LYST's function in cellular biology remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of LYST function also manifests in other disease states. Here, we review the available literature to consolidate available scientific endeavors in relation to LYST and discuss its relevance for immunomodulatory therapies, regenerative medicine and cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Turner
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jingru Che
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gabriel J. M. Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine C. Kennedy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin M. Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sahana Rajesh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jacob C. Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher K. Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron A. Best
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jenny C. Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Sasaki S, Watanabe T, Ibi T, Hasegawa K, Sakamoto Y, Moriwaki S, Kurogi K, Ogino A, Yasumori T, Wakaguri H, Muraki E, Miki Y, Yoshida Y, Inoue Y, Tabuchi I, Iwao K, Arishima T, Kawashima K, Watanabe M, Sugano S, Sugimoto Y, Suzuki Y. Identification of deleterious recessive haplotypes and candidate deleterious recessive mutations in Japanese Black cattle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6687. [PMID: 33758295 PMCID: PMC7988166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive use of a few elite sires has increased the risk of the manifestation of deleterious recessive traits in cattle. Substantial genotyping data gathered using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have identified the haplotypes with homozygous deficiency, which may compromise survival. We developed Japanese Black cattle haplotypes (JBHs) using SNP array data (4843 individuals) and identified deleterious recessive haplotypes using exome sequencing of 517 sires. We identified seven JBHs with homozygous deficiency. JBH_10 and JBH_17 were associated with the resuming of estrus after artificial insemination, indicating that these haplotypes carried deleterious mutations affecting embryonic survival. The exome data of 517 Japanese Black sires revealed that AC_000165.1:g.85341291C>G of IARS in JBH_8_2, AC_000174.1:g.74743512G>T of CDC45 in JBH_17, and a copy variation region (CNVR_27) of CLDN16 in JBH_1_1 and JBH_1_2 were the candidate mutations. A novel variant AC_000174.1:g.74743512G>T of CDC45 in JBH_17 was located in a splicing donor site at a distance of 5 bp, affecting pre-mRNA splicing. Mating between heterozygotes of JBH_17 indicated that homozygotes carrying the risk allele died around the blastocyst stage. Analysis of frequency of the CDC45 risk allele revealed that its carriers were widespread throughout the tested Japanese Black cattle population. Our approach can effectively manage the inheritance of recessive risk alleles in a breeding population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sasaki
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0213 Japan ,grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc., Maebashi, 371-0121 Japan
| | - Takayuki Ibi
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Hasegawa
- Shimane Prefecture Livestock Technology Center, Koshi, Izumo, Shimane 693-0031 Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakamoto
- Shimane Prefecture Livestock Technology Center, Koshi, Izumo, Shimane 693-0031 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Moriwaki
- Shimane Prefecture Livestock Technology Center, Koshi, Izumo, Shimane 693-0031 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kurogi
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc., Maebashi, 371-0121 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogino
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc., Maebashi, 371-0121 Japan
| | - Takanori Yasumori
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, Inc., Maebashi, 371-0121 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakaguri
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Medical Genome Sciences, and Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Eiji Muraki
- Hida Beef Cattle Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Makigadou, Kiomi, Takayama, Gifu 506-0101 Japan
| | - Youko Miki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forest and Fisher, Hokubu Agricultural Technology Institute, Asago, Hyogo 669-5254 Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forest and Fisher, Hokubu Agricultural Technology Institute, Asago, Hyogo 669-5254 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Inoue
- Tottori Prefecture Livestock Research Center, Tohaku-gun, Kotoura-cho 689-2503 Japan
| | - Ichiro Tabuchi
- Tottori Prefecture Livestock Research Center, Tohaku-gun, Kotoura-cho 689-2503 Japan
| | - Ken Iwao
- Tottori Prefecture Livestock Research Center, Tohaku-gun, Kotoura-cho 689-2503 Japan
| | - Taichi Arishima
- Cattle Breeding Development Institute of Kagoshima Prefecture, Osumi, So, Kagoshima 899-8212 Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawashima
- Cattle Breeding Development Institute of Kagoshima Prefecture, Osumi, So, Kagoshima 899-8212 Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Medical Genome Sciences, and Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Medical Genome Sciences, and Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Yushima, Bunkyouku, Tokyo 113-0034 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Medical Genome Sciences, and Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
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Sasaki S, Ibi T. A genome-wide association study reveals a quantitative trait locus for calf mortality on chromosome 9 in Japanese Black cattle. Anim Genet 2021; 52:214-216. [PMID: 33544945 DOI: 10.1111/age.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calf mortality is a major problem affecting cattle production. To identify genetic variants associated with calf mortality in Japanese Black cattle, we evaluated calf mortality as a categorical trait using a threshold model and conducted a GWAS. We identified two SNPs between 32 549 297 and 32 606 924 bp on bovine chromosome 9 that were significantly associated with calf mortality from 61 to 180 days after birth. The SNP showing the highest association was localized at a region 624 bp downstream of exon 4 of the anti-silencing function 1A histone chaperone gene (ASF1A) that promotes DNA damage repair, and the null mice, which exhibit pre- and postnatal lethality. This association was also detected using the breeding value of 334 sires. The frequency of the risk allele in Japanese Black cattle from locations across Japan was 0.013; although the frequency of ASF1A risk allele was low, it is widespread in the Japanese Black cattle population. Thus, it may be necessary to routinely monitor the cattle population for the presence of this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sasaki
- University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Agriculture, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - T Ibi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Buckley RM, Grahn RA, Gandolfi B, Herrick JR, Kittleson MD, Bateman HL, Newsom J, Swanson WF, Prieur DJ, Lyons LA. Assisted reproduction mediated resurrection of a feline model for Chediak-Higashi syndrome caused by a large duplication in LYST. Sci Rep 2020; 10:64. [PMID: 31919397 PMCID: PMC6952417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a well-characterized, autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal disease caused by mutations in lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST). The feline model for CHS was originally maintained for ~20 years. However, the colonies were disbanded and the CHS cat model was lost to the research community before the causative mutation was identified. To resurrect the cat model, semen was collected and cryopreserved from a lone, fertile, CHS carrier male. Using cryopreserved semen, laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination was performed on three queens, two queens produced 11 viable kittens. To identify the causative mutation, a fibroblast cell line, derived from an affected cat from the original colony, was whole genome sequenced. Visual inspection of the sequence data identified a candidate causal variant as a ~20 kb tandem duplication within LYST, spanning exons 30 through to 38 (NM_001290242.1:c.8347-2422_9548 + 1749dup). PCR genotyping of the produced offspring demonstrated three individuals inherited the mutant allele from the CHS carrier male. This study demonstrated the successful use of cryopreservation and assisted reproduction to maintain and resurrect biomedical models and has defined the variant causing Chediak-Higashi syndrome in the domestic cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - R A Grahn
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California - Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - B Gandolfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J R Herrick
- Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, Nebraska, 68107, USA
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45220, USA
| | - M D Kittleson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H L Bateman
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45220, USA
| | - J Newsom
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45220, USA
| | - W F Swanson
- Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45220, USA
| | - D J Prieur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, USA
| | - L A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Sasaki S, Muraki E, Inoue Y, Suezawa R, Nikadori H, Yoshida Y, Nariai S, Hideshima R, Moriwaki S, Nakashima R, Uchiyama K, Yoshinari K, Takeda M, Kojima T. Genotypes and allele frequencies of buried SNPs in a bovine single-nucleotide polymorphism array in Japanese Black cattle. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1503-1509. [PMID: 31599477 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding; thus, data derived from SNP arrays have accumulated on a large scale nationwide. Commercial SNP arrays contain a considerable number of unassigned SNPs on the chromosome/position on the genome; these SNPs are excluded in subsequent analyses. Notably, the position-unassigned SNPs, or "buried SNPs" include some of the markers associated with genetic disease. In this study, we identified the position of buried SNPs using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool against the surrounding sequences and characterized the relationship between SNPs and genetic diseases in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals based on the genomic position. We determined the position of 285 buried SNPs on the genome and surveyed the genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs in 5,955 individual Japanese Black cattle. Eleven SNPs associated with genetic disease, which contained five buried SNPs, were found in the population with the risk allele frequency ranging from 0.00008396 to 0.46. These results indicate that buried SNPs in the bovine SNP array can be utilized to identify associations with genetic disorders from large scale accumulated SNP genotype data in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Muraki
- Hida Beef Cattle Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Inoue
- Tottori Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Suezawa
- Okinawa Prefectural Livestock and Grassland Research Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Nikadori
- Okinawa Prefectural Livestock and Grassland Research Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Yoshida
- Northern Center of Agricultural Technology, General Technological Center of Hyogo Prefecture for Agriculture, Forest and Fishery, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shouta Nariai
- Shimane Prefecture Livestock Technology Center, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ryoya Hideshima
- Shimane Prefecture Livestock Technology Center, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Ryotaro Nakashima
- Cattle Breeding Development Institute of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kagoshima, Japan
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Hirano T, Kobayashi N, Matsuhashi T, Watanabe D, Watanabe T, Takasuga A, Sugimoto M, Sugimoto Y. Mapping and exome sequencing identifies a mutation in the IARS gene as the cause of hereditary perinatal weak calf syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64036. [PMID: 23700453 PMCID: PMC3660308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified an IARS (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase) c.235G>C (p.Val79Leu) substitution as the causative mutation for neonatal weakness with intrauterine growth retardation (perinatal weak calf syndrome). In Japanese Black cattle, the syndrome was frequently found in calves sired by Bull A. Hence, we employed homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis. In order to identify the perinatal weak calf syndrome locus in a 4.04-Mb region of BTA 8, we analysed a paternal half-sibling family with a BovineSNP50 BeadChip and microsatellites. In this critical region, we performed exome sequencing to identify a causative mutation. Three variants were detected as possible candidates for causative mutations that were predicted to disrupt the protein function, including a G>C (p.Val79Leu) mutation in IARS c.235. The IARS c.235G>C mutation was not a homozygous risk allele in the 36 healthy offspring of Bull A. Moreover, the IARS Val79 residue and its flanking regions were evolutionarily and highly conserved. The IARS mutant (Leu79) had decreased aminoacylation activity. Additionally, the homozygous mutation was not found in any of 1526 healthy cattle. Therefore, we concluded that the IARS c.235G>C mutation was the cause of hereditary perinatal weak calf syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirano
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Fukushima, Japan.
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Abdeen A, Sonoda H, Kobayashi I, Kitahara G, Ikeda M. A new method for rapid detection of the mutant allele for Chediak-Higashi syndrome in Japanese black cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1237-9. [PMID: 23615171 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder in Japanese Black cattle, caused by a mutation of the Lyst gene. So far, the mutation has been detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. However, this method is disadvantaged by its low-throughput performance. Here, we report an alternative method involving real-time PCR with TaqMan minor groove binder probes, which shortens the total assay time by more than 120 min, analyzing 10 samples in a duplicated manner. Using this method, we examined 102 Japanese Black cattle and found that 8.8% of the cattle were CHS-carriers. These data indicate that our technique is useful for routine diagnostic testing for CHS in Japanese Black cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Bauer TR, Adler RL, Hickstein DD. Potential large animal models for gene therapy of human genetic diseases of immune and blood cell systems. ILAR J 2009; 50:168-86. [PMID: 19293460 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.50.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations involving the cellular components of the hematopoietic system--red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets--manifest clinically as anemia, infection, and bleeding. Although gene targeting has recapitulated many of these diseases in mice, these murine homologues are limited as translational models by their small size and brief life span as well as the fact that mutations induced by gene targeting do not always faithfully reflect the clinical manifestations of such mutations in humans. Many of these limitations can be overcome by identifying large animals with genetic diseases of the hematopoietic system corresponding to their human disease counterparts. In this article, we describe human diseases of the cellular components of the hematopoietic system that have counterparts in large animal species, in most cases carrying mutations in the same gene (CD18 in leukocyte adhesion deficiency) or genes in interacting proteins (DNA cross-link repair 1C protein and protein kinase, DNA-activated catalytic polypeptide in radiation-sensitive severe combined immunodeficiency). Furthermore, we describe the potential of these animal models to serve as disease-specific preclinical models for testing the efficacy and safety of clinical interventions such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy before their use in humans with the corresponding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Bauer
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch of the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Current Research Status for Economically Important and Disease Related Genes in Major Livestock Species. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2005.47.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shiflett SL, Kaplan J, Ward DM. Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: a rare disorder of lysosomes and lysosome related organelles. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 2002; 15:251-7. [PMID: 12100490 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2002.02038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe immunologic defects including recurrent bacterial infections, impaired chemotaxis and abnormal natural killer (NK) cell function. Patients with this syndrome exhibit other symptoms such as an associated lymphoproliferative syndrome, bleeding tendencies, partial albinism and peripheral neuropathies. The classic diagnostic feature of CHS is the presence of huge lysosomes and cytoplasmic granules within cells. Similar defects are found in other mammals, the most well studied being the beige mouse and Aleutian mink. A positional cloning approach resulted in the identification of the Beige gene on chromosome 13 in mice and the CHS1/LYST gene on chromosome 1 in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is 3801 amino acids and is highly conserved throughout evolution. The identification of CHS1/Beige has defined a family of genes containing a common BEACH motif. The function of these proteins in vesicular trafficking remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly L Shiflett
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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