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Ledwon JK, Vaca EE, Huang CC, Kelsey LJ, McGrath JL, Topczewski J, Gosain AK, Topczewska JM. Langerhans cells and SFRP2/Wnt/beta-catenin signalling control adaptation of skin epidermis to mechanical stretching. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:764-775. [PMID: 35019227 PMCID: PMC8817127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin can be mechanically stimulated to grow through a clinical procedure called tissue expansion (TE). Using a porcine TE model, we determined that expansion promptly activates transcription of SFRP2 in skin and we revealed that in the epidermis, this protein is secreted by Langerhans cells (LCs). Similar to well‐known mechanosensitive genes, the increase in SFRP2 expression was proportional to the magnitude of tension, showing a spike at the apex of the expanded skin. This implies that SFRP2 might be a newly discovered effector of mechanotransduction pathways. In addition, we found that acute stretching induces accumulation of b‐catenin in the nuclei of basal keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs, indicating Wnt signalling activation, followed by cell proliferation. Moreover, TE‐activated LCs proliferate and migrate into the suprabasal layer of skin, suggesting that LCs rebuild their steady network within the growing epidermis. We demonstrated that in vitro hrSFRP2 treatment on KCs inhibits Wnt/b‐catenin signalling and stimulates KC differentiation. In parallel, we observed an accumulation of KRT10 in vivo in the expanded skin, pointing to TE‐induced, SFRP2‐augmented KC maturation. Overall, our results reveal that a network of LCs delivers SFRP2 across the epidermis to fine‐tune Wnt/b‐catenin signalling to restore epidermal homeostasis disrupted by TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Ledwon
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elbert E Vaca
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chiang C Huang
- University of Wisconsin, Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren J Kelsey
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L McGrath
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arun K Gosain
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Rajesh A, Stuart G, Real N, Ahn J, Tschirley A, Wise L, Hibma M. Depletion of langerin + cells enhances cutaneous wound healing. Immunology 2020; 160:366-381. [PMID: 32307696 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type lectin receptor that is expressed on Langerhans cells and langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells in the skin. Little is known about the function of langerin+ cells in wound healing. In this study, the effects of ablation of langerin+ cells on healing of a full-thickness excision wound were investigated using the langerin-DTR depletable mouse. Strikingly, depletion of langerin+ cells resulted in more rapid reduction in wound area. Accelerated wound healing in the langerin+ -cell-depleted group was characterized by enhanced neo-epidermis and granulation tissue formation, and increased cellular proliferation within the newly formed tissues. Accelerated healing in the absence of langerin+ cells was associated with increased levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, F4/80+ cells and blood vessels within the granulation tissue. These data support an inhibitory role for langerin+ cells during wound healing. Therapies that suppress langerin+ cells or their function may therefore have utility in progressing the healing of wounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella Stuart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Real
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Merilyn Hibma
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Fu GF, Tian SM, Cha XJ, Huang HJ, Lou JH, Wei Y, Xia CD, Li YL, Niu XH. Topically administered rhGM-CSF affects PPARβ expression in the stasis zone. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4825-4830. [PMID: 29201186 PMCID: PMC5704314 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a rat comb thermal damage model, we investigated the effects of topically administered recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARβ expression. We created bilateral comb scald models on the backs of fifty Sprague-Dawley rats. The left sides of the backs served as the experimental group and the right sides served as the control group. The experimental group received topically applied rhGM-CSF hydrogel and the control group did not. The survival situations of the stasis zones were compared between the experimental and control groups on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st post-burn days. Tissues from the surviving stasis zones of both groups were collected at different time-points. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to detect the PPARβ mRNA and protein expression levels. Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the localization of PPARβ protein expression. The results showed that, first, the tissue viability numbers for the stasis zones of the experimental group were significantly increased compared with those of the control group. Second, RT-PCR revealed that the PPARβ mRNA expression first increased and then gradually declined in both groups. At all time-points, the expression level in the experimental group was increased compared with that in the control group and the highest expression levels were observed in both groups on the 3rd post-burn day. Third, western blot analysis revealed that the PPARβ protein expression in both groups increased after thermal damage and then gradually decreased. PPARβ protein expression in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group, and the highest expression quantities in both groups were observed on the 3rd post-burn day. In conclusion, rhGM-CSF hydrogel effectively promotes the expression of PPARβ, and the hydrogel had a specific protective effect for the stasis zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Feng Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - She-Min Tian
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Jian Cha
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Huang
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Ji-He Lou
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-De Xia
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Lin Li
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Hua Niu
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, P.R. China
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Atmatzidis DH, Lambert WC, Lambert MW. Langerhans cell: exciting developments in health and disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1817-1824. [PMID: 28833602 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) have been the subject of much research since their discovery in 1868. LCs belong to the subset of leucocytes called dendritic cells. They are present in the epidermis and the pilosebaceous apparatus and monitor the cutaneous environment for changes in homeostasis. During embryogenesis, a wave of yolk sac macrophages seed the fetal skin. Then, fetal liver monocytes largely replace the yolk sac macrophages and comprise the majority of adult LCs. In the presence of skin irritation, LCs process antigen and travel to regional lymph nodes to present antigen to reactive T lymphocytes. Changes in LCs' surface markers during the journey occur under the influence of cytokines. The difference in expression of surface markers and the ability to resist radiation have allowed researchers to differentiate LCs from the murine Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells. Exciting discoveries have been made recently regarding their role in inflammatory skin diseases, cancer and HIV. New research has shown that antibodies blocking CD1a appear to mitigate inflammation in contact hypersensitivity reactions and psoriasis. While it has been established that LCs have the potential to induce effector cells of the adaptive immune system to counter oncogenesis, recent studies have demonstrated that LCs coordinate with natural killer cells to impair development of squamous cell carcinoma caused by chemical carcinogens. However, LCs may also physiologically suppress T cells and permit keratinocyte transformation and tumorigenesis. Although long known to play a primary role in the progression of HIV infection, it is now understood that LCs also possess the ability to restrict the progression of the disease. There is a pressing need to discover more about how these cells affect various aspects of health and disease; new information gathered thus far seems promising and exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Atmatzidis
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - W C Lambert
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - M W Lambert
- Dermatology and Pathology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Barrientos S, Brem H, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M. Clinical application of growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:569-78. [PMID: 24942811 PMCID: PMC4812574 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that involves the coordinated efforts of multiple cell types and is executed and regulated by numerous growth factors and cytokines. There has been a drive in the past two decades to study the therapeutic effects of various growth factors in the clinical management of nonhealing wounds (e.g., pressure ulcers, chronic venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers). For this review, we conducted an online search of Medline/PubMed and critically analyzed the literature regarding the role of growth factors and cytokines in the management of these wounds. We focused on currently approved therapies, emerging therapies, and future research possibilities. In this review, we discuss four growth factors and cytokines currently being used on and off label for the healing of wounds. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. While the clinical results of using growth factors and cytokines are encouraging, many studies involved a small sample size and are disparate in measured endpoints. Therefore, further research is required to provide definitive evidence of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Barrientos
- Division of Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital/Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Harold Brem
- Division of Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Winthrop University Hospital/Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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6
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Yan H, Chen J, Peng X. Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor hydrogel promotes healing of deep partial thickness burn wounds. Burns 2012; 38:877-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Hu X, Sun H, Han C, Wang X, Yu W. Topically applied rhGM-CSF for the wound healing: A systematic review. Burns 2011; 37:729-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The histamine H4 receptor mediates inflammation and pruritus in Th2-dependent dermal inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:1023-33. [PMID: 19907432 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) was investigated in a T-helper type 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated mouse skin inflammation model that mimics several of the features of atopic dermatitis. Treatment with two specific H(4)R antagonists before challenge with FITC led to a significant reduction in ear edema, inflammation, mast cell, and eosinophil infiltration. This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of several cytokines and chemokines in the ear tissue. Upon ex vivo antigen stimulation of lymph nodes, H(4)R antagonism reduced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17 levels. One explanation for this finding is that lymph nodes from animals dosed with the H(4)R antagonist, JNJ 7777120, contained a lower number of FITC-positive dendritic cells. The effect of H(4)R antagonism on dendritic cell migration in vivo may be an indirect result of the reduction in tissue cytokines and chemokines or a direct effect on chemotaxis. In addition to anti-inflammatory effects, JNJ 7777120 also significantly inhibited the pruritus shown in the model. Therefore, the dual effects of H(4)R antagonists on pruritus and Th2-cell-mediated inflammation point to their therapeutic potential for the treatment of Th2-mediated skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis.
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Molenkamp BG, Vuylsteke RJCLM, van Leeuwen PAM, Meijer S, Vos W, Wijnands PGJTB, Scheper RJ, de Gruijl TD. Matched skin and sentinel lymph node samples of melanoma patients reveal exclusive migration of mature dendritic cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:1301-7. [PMID: 16251414 PMCID: PMC1603792 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mature and immature myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to differentially modulate T-cell responses in secondary lymphoid tissues. Although mature DCs are believed to induce T-cell activation under proinflammatory conditions, immature DCs are believed to maintain a state of T-cell tolerance under steady state conditions. However, little is known about the actual activation state of human DCs under these different conditions. Here, we compare the frequency and activation state of human DCs between matched skin and sentinel lymph node (SLN) samples, after intradermal administration of either granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or saline, at the excision site of stage I primary melanoma. Although DCs remained immature (CD1a+CD83-) and mostly situated in the epidermis of the saline-injected skin (fully consistent with a quiescent steady state), mature (CD1a+CD83+) DC frequencies significantly increased in the GM-CSF-injected skin and correlated with the number of mature DCs in the SLN, indicative of increased DC migration. Interestingly, irrespective of GM-CSF or saline administration, all CD1a+ myeloid DCs in the SLN were phenotypically mature (ie, CD83+). These data are indicative of migration of small numbers of phenotypically mature DCs to lymph nodes under steady state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Molenkamp
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Department of Surgical Oncology, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kremer IB, Stevens SR, Gould JW, DiCarlo J, Quinby GE, Cooper KD. Intradermal granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor alters cutaneous antigen-presenting cells and differentially affects local versus distant immunization in humans. Clin Immunol 2000; 96:29-37. [PMID: 10873425 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that intradermal delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would alter the number and differentiation state of local antigen-presenting cells and thereby alter immunization strength at that site in humans. GM-CSF or placebo was administered intradermally on consecutive days prior to contact sensitization at that site. In GM-CSF-treated skin, epidermal CD1a(+)S100(+) Langerhans cells were reduced in number and had altered morphology, while the number of dermal CD1a(+), HLA-DR(+), and S100(+) cells was increased. In the deep dermis CD68(+) macrophages were increased. Expression of the APC activation markers CD40 and ICAM-1 was also increased in the dermis. Subjects were sensitized to DNCB through GM-CSF- or placebo-pretreated skin and to DPCP through untreated skin. Subjects immunized through GM-CSF-treated sites exhibited 64% greater elicitation responses to DNCB than placebo-treated subjects. GM-CSF-treated subjects also showed 43% lower responses to DPCP than placebo-treated subjects. The difference between DNCB (local) and DPCP (distant) responses was significantly greater for GM-CSF-treated subjects than for placebo responses (n = 8, P < 0.05). Therefore, local immunization site pretreatment with intradermal GM-CSF enhances immunization efficiency at that site.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Kremer
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Allergens/immunology
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/physiology
- Dendritic Cells/physiology
- Humans
- Langerhans Cells/physiology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Monocytes/physiology
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/etiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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