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Zhu L, Shi L, Tan Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Xu C, Wu D, Ma Y. Dual-emissive ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor based on multi-nanomaterials for Ag + determination in lake water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30113-30119. [PMID: 36329933 PMCID: PMC9585436 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor was constructed using a facile one-pot method by encapsulating carbon dots (CDs) and cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) into the pore cavities of a metal-organic framework (ZIF-8). In this nanosensor (CD/CdTe QD@ZIF-8), the fluorescence attributed to CdTe QDs was quenched by silver ions (Ag+), and the fluorescence intensity of CDs did not change. The introduction of ZIF-8 into the system can not only adsorb Ag+ but also easily separate CDs and CdTe QDs from the matrix. The developed CD/CdTe QD@ZIF-8 composite used as a ratiometric fluorescent probe exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity towards Ag+. The working linear range was 0.1-20 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.49 nM. Finally, the proposed nanosensor was applied to determine Ag+ in lake water with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University Wuxi PR China
| | - Lujia Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou PR China
| | - Yiping Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou PR China
| | - Huaiyin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou PR China
| | - Jiacheng Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University Wuxi PR China
| | - Danlian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University Wuxi PR China
| | - Yunsu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou PR China
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Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102086. [PMID: 34068024 PMCID: PMC8152497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyria encompasses the different cosmetic alterations that can develop if enough silver particles deposit in a specific tissue, typically in the skin, ranging from localized dark-blue macules to a generalized slate-gray/bluish tinge following systemic absorption. This work aims to fully review the state of the art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and relevant clinical and forensic features of argyria. Argyria has been diagnosed in a wide range of ages, both sexes and varied ethnicities, with no known individual predisposing factors. Ultraviolet radiation with subsequence increases of melanin production aggravates the discoloration due to a reduction in the silver deposits. Physical examination and silver exposure in the anamnesis can be highly suggestive of the diagnosis, but a histopathological analysis with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy is required to unequivocally determine the discoloration etiology. Safe and effective treatment has only been accomplished with laser techniques, though only a few cases have been reported and with limited follow-up time. In conclusion, argyria typically has an occupational or iatrogenic etiology. It should be suspected when a patient presents with typical skin or eye lesions. A seemingly viable treatment modality, with laser technology, is finally within the horizon.
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Ondrasik RM, Jordan P, Sriharan A. A clinical mimicker of melanoma with distinctive histopathology: Topical silver nitrate exposure. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:1205-1210. [PMID: 32803880 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to silver-containing compounds can result in reversible discoloration of the skin, presenting as an irregular brown or black macule, which can have a clinical appearance similar to melanoma. Both the clinical scenario and the histopathology are unique. Silver nitrate darkens with exposure to light, and the area can appear to change over time. On microscopic examination, there are coarse pigmented granules dispersed throughout the corneal layer, and largely absent from the remainder of the epidermis-although the precise location may depend on the duration of topical exposure. While argyria, its irreversible counterpart, has been well-characterized, only a single source has previously reported the histopathology of transient topical silver nitrate exposure. We present two cases, review the clinical and histopathologic differentials, and detail the distinctive histopathology that enables a diagnosis to be suggested in this clinical mimicker of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Ondrasik
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Parisa Jordan
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Loeschner K. Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:257-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Rezazadeh-Reyhani Z, Razi M, Malekinejad H, Sadrkhanlou R. Cytotoxic effect of nanosilver particles on testicular tissue: Evidence for biochemical stress and Hsp70-2 protein expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:626-638. [PMID: 26363132 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lastly, there are growing evidences that nanosilver (NS) particles highly induce cytotoxic impacts in vitro and in vivo. Here, we analyzed the dose dependent effect of NS on histological changes, biochemical alterations and endocrine statuses, sperm parameters as well as chaperone Hsp70-2 expression. NS particles (50-60nm) were administrated in 3 doses of 0.5, 1 and 5mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 35 days. The 0.3mL normal saline was administrated in control-sham group. Histological alterations, sperm parameters, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were evaluated. Germinal and Leydig cells RNA damage, Leydig cells steroidogenic foci, the testicular and sperm total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression and mRNA level of Hsp70-2 were analyzed. The NS, dose dependently, resulted in enhanced germinal cells degeneration, necrosis, seminiferous tubules atrophy and decreased serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone. Elevated germinal and Leydig cells RNA damage associated with increased sperm abnormalities were observed in NS-treated groups. Expression of Hsp70-2 was up-regulated in 0.5mg/kg, while its expression was decreased in 1 and 5mg/kg NS-treated groups. Testicular and sperm TAC levels reduced. However, the MDA and NO levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in all NS-treated groups. No histological and biochemical changes were detected in control-sham group. In conclusion, the NS particles exert their pathological impact via affecting testicular antioxidant and endocrine statuses, which in turn lead to diminished expression of Hsp70-2. Ultimately, by this mechanism NS particles adversely impact the cellular RNA, DNA and protein contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zari Rezazadeh-Reyhani
- Department of Comparative Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Comparative Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rajabali Sadrkhanlou
- Department of Comparative Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
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Abarca-Buis RF, Munguía NM, Gonzalez JMM, Solís-Arrieta L, y Osorio LS, Krötzsch E. Silver from polyurethane dressing is delivered by gradient to exudate, tissue, and serum of patients undergoing negative-pressure wound treatment. Adv Skin Wound Care 2015; 27:156-62. [PMID: 24637649 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000444849.71374.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and concentration of silver eluted from silver-coated polyurethane dressing (V.A.C. GranuFoam Silver Dressing; KCI, San Antonio, Texas) in vitro and in patients undergoing negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). DESIGN This was a descriptive study of the effect of silver-coated polyurethane dressing in patients undergoing NPWT. PARTICIPANTS Six patients with infected wounds undergoing NPWT using silver-coated polyurethane dressing. INTERVENTIONS To evaluate silver release in vitro, the authors soaked dressing fragments in water and human serum for different lengths of time and performed atomic absorption spectroscopy. For patient evaluation, the authors obtained exudate, serum, and wound tissue at different time points from 6 patients undergoing NPWT and measured silver levels by atomic absorption and dispersed x-ray spectroscopy. MAIN RESULTS Silver from the dressing was immediately released in vitro at a rate 3 times greater in serum than in water. In vivo, silver was delivered to wound exudate at rates 102 to 104 times greater than in corresponding serum. Few surface silver deposits were detected in treated tissue. CONCLUSION The high concentration of silver found in wound exudate reflects not only the affinity for silver in serum components and wound fluids, but also that most silver ions are not distributed systemically in the patient; instead, they are transported by the vacuum created by therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- René F Abarca-Buis
- René F. Abarca-Buis, PhD, is a Medical Science Researcher, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Nadia M. Munguía, BSc, is a Chemist, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Juan Manuel Melchor Gonzalez, MD, is a Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios, Estado de Mexico. Lilia Solís-Arrieta, MSc, is a Microscopist, Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Liliana Saldivar y Osorio, PhD, is Chairman, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Edgar Krötzsch, PhD, is Chairman, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Deepak Kilpadi, PhD, MBA, for a critical review of the manuscript, and Orna Wiseman from Write Science Right for English translation and editorial review. The authors have disclosed that they have no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted December 12, 2012; accepted in revised form May 8, 2013
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7
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Lee J, Park J, Hee Lee H, Park H, Kim HI, Kim WJ. Fluorescence switch for silver ion detection utilizing dimerization of DNA-Ag nanoclusters. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:642-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Wootton CI, May T, Khan M, Walker SL. A pigmented lesion on the earlobe. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:457-9. [PMID: 25476801 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C I Wootton
- Dermatology Department, Queens Medical Centre, Nottinghamm, UK
| | - T May
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Khan
- Histopathology Department, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - S L Walker
- Dermatology Department, Circle NHS Treatment Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
We report 2 cases of patients who presented with blue macules clinically suspicious for blue nevi. One patient had no documented history of trauma or silver exposure, and the other reported exposure to silver over 30 years ago. Microscopic examination revealed a dermal population of brown-black globules predominantly adhering to collagen fibers. In both cases, no melanocytic proliferation was identified by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of the skin biopsies with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of silver and selenium. These findings were diagnostic of localized cutaneous argyria. Our case reports highlight the importance of including localized cutaneous argyria in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions.
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10
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Sharma VK, Siskova KM, Zboril R, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Organic-coated silver nanoparticles in biological and environmental conditions: fate, stability and toxicity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 204:15-34. [PMID: 24406050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper presents the overview of processes involved in transformation of organic-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biological systems and in the aquatic environment. The coating on AgNPs greatly influences the fate, stability, and toxicity of AgNPs in aqueous solutions, biological systems, and the environment. Several organic-coated AgNP systems are discussed to understand their stability and toxicity in biological media and natural water. Examples are presented to demonstrate how a transformation of organic-coated AgNPs in an aqueous solution is affected by the type of coating, pH, kind of electrolyte (mono- or divalent), ionic strength, organic ligands (inorganic and organic), organic matter (fulvic and humic acids), redox conditions (oxic and anoxic), and light. Results of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and ecotoxicity of coated AgNPs to food chain members (plants, bacteria, and aquatic and terrestrial organisms) are reviewed. Key factors contributing to toxicity are the size, shape, surface coating, surface charge, and conditions of silver ion release. AgNPs may directly damage the cell membranes, disrupt ATP production and DNA replication, alternate gene expressions, release toxic Ag(+) ion, and produce reactive oxygen species to oxidize biological components of the cell. A progress made on understanding the mechanism of organic-coated AgNP toxicity using different analytical techniques is presented.
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11
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Liu J, Wang Z, Liu FD, Kane AB, Hurt RH. Chemical transformations of nanosilver in biological environments. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9887-99. [PMID: 23046098 PMCID: PMC3508364 DOI: 10.1021/nn303449n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in consumer and medical products provides strong motivation for a careful assessment of their environmental and human health risks. Recent studies have shown that Ag-NPs released to the natural environment undergo profound chemical transformations that can affect silver bioavailability, toxicity, and risk. Less is known about Ag-NP chemical transformations in biological systems, though the medical literature clearly reports that chronic silver ingestion produces argyrial deposits consisting of silver-, sulfur-, and selenium-containing particulate phases. Here we show that Ag-NPs undergo a rich set of biochemical transformations, including accelerated oxidative dissolution in gastric acid, thiol binding and exchange, photoreduction of thiol- or protein-bound silver to secondary zerovalent Ag-NPs, and rapid reactions between silver surfaces and reduced selenium species. Selenide is also observed to rapidly exchange with sulfide in preformed Ag(2)S solid phases. The combined results allow us to propose a conceptual model for Ag-NP transformation pathways in the human body. In this model, argyrial silver deposits are not translocated engineered Ag-NPs, but rather secondary particles formed by partial dissolution in the GI tract followed by ion uptake, systemic circulation as organo-Ag complexes, and immobilization as zerovalent Ag-NPs by photoreduction in light-affected skin regions. The secondary Ag-NPs then undergo detoxifying transformations into sulfides and further into selenides or Se/S mixed phases through exchange reactions. The formation of secondary particles in biological environments implies that Ag-NPs are not only a product of industrial nanotechnology but also have long been present in the human body following exposure to more traditional chemical forms of silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Zhongying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Frances D. Liu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Robert H. Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Address correspondence to
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12
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Srivastava M, Singh S, Self WT. Exposure to silver nanoparticles inhibits selenoprotein synthesis and the activity of thioredoxin reductase. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:56-61. [PMID: 21965219 PMCID: PMC3261948 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver (Ag)-based materials are increasingly being incorporated into consumer products, and although humans have been exposed to colloidal Ag in many forms for decades, this rise in the use of Ag materials has spurred interest into their toxicology. Recent reports have shown that exposure to AgNPs or Ag ions leads to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that Ag accumulates in tissues as silver sulfides (Ag2S) and silver selenide (Ag2Se). OBJECTIVES In this study we investigated whether exposure of cells in culture to AgNPs or Ag ions at subtoxic doses would alter the effective metabolism of selenium, that is, the incorporation of selenium into selenoproteins. METHODS For these studies we used a keratinocyte cell model (HaCat) and a lung cell model (A549). We also tested (in vitro, both cellular and chemical) whether Ag ions could inhibit the activity of a key selenoenzyme, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). RESULTS We found that exposure to AgNPs or far lower levels of Ag ions led to a dose-dependent inhibition of selenium metabolism in both cell models. The synthesis of protein was not altered under these conditions. Exposure to nanomolar levels of Ag ions effectively blocked selenium metabolism, suggesting that Ag ion leaching was likely the mechanism underlying observed changes during AgNP exposure. Exposure likewise inhibited TrxR activity in cultured cells, and Ag ions were potent inhibitors of purified rat TrxR isoform 1 (cytosolic) (TrxR1) enzyme. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AgNPs leads to the inhibition of selenoprotein synthesis and inhibition of TrxR1. Further, we propose these two sites of action comprise the likely mechanism underlying increases in oxidative stress, increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation during exposure to Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Srivastava
- Burnett School of Biomedical Science, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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13
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Loeschner K, Hadrup N, Qvortrup K, Larsen A, Gao X, Vogel U, Mortensen A, Lam HR, Larsen EH. Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:18. [PMID: 21631937 PMCID: PMC3123173 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study investigated the distribution of silver after 28 days repeated oral administration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver acetate (AgAc) to rats. Oral administration is a relevant route of exposure because of the use of silver nanoparticles in products related to food and food contact materials. Results AgNPs were synthesized with a size distribution of 14 ± 4 nm in diameter (90% of the nanoparticle volume) and stabilized in aqueous suspension by the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The AgNPs remained stable throughout the duration of the 28-day oral toxicity study in rats. The organ distribution pattern of silver following administration of AgNPs and AgAc was similar. However the absolute silver concentrations in tissues were lower following oral exposure to AgNPs. This was in agreement with an indication of a higher fecal excretion following administration of AgNPs. Besides the intestinal system, the largest silver concentrations were detected in the liver and kidneys. Silver was also found in the lungs and brain. Autometallographic (AMG) staining revealed a similar cellular localization of silver in ileum, liver, and kidney tissue in rats exposed to AgNPs or AgAc. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanosized granules were detected in the ileum of animals exposed to AgNPs or AgAc and were mainly located in the basal lamina of the ileal epithelium and in lysosomes of macrophages within the lamina propria. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy it was shown that the granules in lysosomes consisted of silver, selenium, and sulfur for both AgNP and AgAc exposed rats. The diameter of the deposited granules was in the same size range as that of the administered AgNPs. No silver granules were detected by TEM in the liver. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the organ distribution of silver was similar when AgNPs or AgAc were administered orally to rats. The presence of silver granules containing selenium and sulfur in the intestinal wall of rats exposed to either of the silver forms suggests a common mechanism of their formation. Additional studies however, are needed to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms of the granule formation, and to clarify whether AgNPs dissolve in the gastrointestinal system and/or become absorbed and translocate as intact nanoparticles to organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Loeschner
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
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14
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Nakazawa E, Ikemoto T, Hokura A, Terada Y, Kunito T, Yamamoto T, Yamada TK, Rosas FCW, Fillmann G, Tanabe S, Nakai I. Silver speciation in liver of marine mammals by synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1678-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lansdown ABG. A pharmacological and toxicological profile of silver as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2010; 2010:910686. [PMID: 21188244 PMCID: PMC3003978 DOI: 10.1155/2010/910686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver is used widely in wound dressings and medical devices as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Metallic silver and most inorganic silver compounds ionise in moisture, body fluids, and secretions to release biologically active Ag(+). The ion is absorbed into the systemic circulation from the diet and drinking water, by inhalation and through intraparenteral administration. Percutaneous absorption of Ag(+) through intact or damaged skin is low. Ag(+) binds strongly to metallothionein, albumins, and macroglobulins and is metabolised to all tissues other than the brain and the central nervous system. Silver sulphide or silver selenide precipitates, bound lysosomally in soft tissues, are inert and not associated with an irreversible toxic change. Argyria and argyrosis are the principle effects associated with heavy deposition of insoluble silver precipitates in the dermis and cornea/conjunctiva. Whilst these changes may be profoundly disfiguring and persistent, they are not associated with pathological damage in any tissue. The present paper discusses the mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of silver in the human body, presumed mechanisms of argyria and argyrosis, and the elimination of silver-protein complexes in the bile and urine. Minimum blood silver levels consistent with early signs of argyria or argyrosis are not known. Silver allergy does occur but the extent of the problem is not known. Reference values for silver exposure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B. G. Lansdown
- Division of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W6 8RP, UK
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16
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Jonas L, Bloch C, Zimmermann R, Stadie V, Gross GE, Schäd SG. Detection of Silver Sulfide Deposits in the Skin of Patients with Argyria After Long-term Use of Silver-containing Drugs. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 31:379-84. [DOI: 10.1080/01913120701696221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Silver is a xenobiotic element with no recognized trace metal value in the human body. It is absorbed into the body through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, mucus membranes of the urinogenital tract, and through the skin, mainly in the form of silver protein complexes. Although silver is metabolized throughout the soft tissues, available evidence from experimental animal studies and human clinical reports has failed to unequivocally establish that it enters tissues of the central nervous system or is a cause of neurotoxic damage. Argyria characterized by deposition of particles of silver sulfide or silver selenide is the principle contraindication for using silver in medical devices or occupationally. This presents discoloration of the skin but is not regarded as a health risk or manifestation of toxicity. No evidence is available to demonstrate the toxic risk of silver to the peripheral nervous system, although silver sulfide deposits have been identified in the region of cutaneous nerves. Transitory silver sulfide deposits seen in the tissues of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers are mostly lysosomally bound or deposited on basement membranes or collagen without toxic effect. Silver is mostly excreted from the body in the urine and feces. Further research is indicated to evaluate the role of metal binding proteins including metallothioneins as cytoprotectants for neurological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B G Lansdown
- Faculty of Medicine, Investigative Sciences, Imperial College, London. United Kingdom.
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18
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Panyala NR, Peña-Méndez EM, Havel J. Silver or silver nanoparticles: a hazardous threat to the environment and human health? J Appl Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2008.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Cutting K, White R, Edmonds M. The safety and efficacy of dressings with silver - addressing clinical concerns. Int Wound J 2007; 4:177-84. [PMID: 17651232 PMCID: PMC7951405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2007.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing use of silver as a topical application in wound care, concerns focussing on its role are bound to arise. These concerns, which centre on issues such as resistance and toxicity, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness, need to be addressed and openly discussed so that they are viewed from a rational perspective. While clinical efficacy and safety, along with cost-benefit, are of obvious interest, the origin of some of these concerns is a matter of debate. The silver-containing dressing segment of the medical device market is of huge commercial importance, and, consequently, marketing and promotional issues occasionally obscure the evidence that clinicians need to have in order that they may provide appropriate treatment for their patients. The impact of silver application on the wound bioburden needs to be examined carefully to heighten our awareness of any deleterious effects on the healing process, without inducing any unfounded anxieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Cutting
- Faculty of Society & Health, Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, Chalfont St. Giles, HP8 4AD, UK.
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Naqvi AH, Shields JW, Abraham JL. Nasal argyria (deposition of silver-selenium) in the photographic film industry: histopathology and microanalysis. Am J Otolaryngol 2007; 28:430-2. [PMID: 17980779 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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VENCLÍKOVÁ Z, BENADA O, BÁRTOVÁ J, JOSKA L, MRKLAS L. Metallic Pigmentation of Human Teeth and Gingiva: Morphological and Immunological Aspects. Dent Mater J 2007. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.26.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Murakata LA, Lewin-Smith MR, Specht CS, Kalasinsky VF, McEvoy PL, Vinh TN, Rabin LNMI, Mullick FG. Characterization of acrylic polyamide plastic embolization particles in vitro and in human tissue sections by light microscopy, infrared microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:922-30. [PMID: 16619001 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular embolization is a well-established practice for the treatment of tumors and vascular lesions. Rounded beads (microspheres) of various materials (collagen, dextran and trisacryl-polymer-gelatin) were developed to solve problems encountered with earlier versions of embolic material. We performed histochemistry, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis on two uterine and one hepatic specimen with unidentified intravascular foreign material, and examined a reference embolization product for comparison. The hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections showed multiple foci with unidentified intravascular foreign material and fibrous obliteration of vessel lumens. Only one case had a clinical history of previous embolization but without specifying the material used. One case was submitted for identification of a 'parasite'. The material stained positively with Sirius red and mucicarmine, variably with Masson's trichrome stain and Movat pentachrome, and did not stain centrally with periodic acid Schiff with diastase. Infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the material from all three cases demonstrated the spectrum of acrylic polyamide plastic. A control sample of EmboGold exhibited infrared microspectroscopic spectra similar to the three tissue specimens. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrated some differences in elemental composition between the tissue sections and the selected reference material. To our knowledge, this is the first report of infrared spectrophotometric analysis with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis of an acrylic polyamide plastic embolization product both in vitro and in human histologic tissue sections. In cases lacking appropriate clinical information, identification by these methods and/or a panel of special stains may assist pathologists unfamiliar with this material's light microscopic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Murakata
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
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Perez-Atayde AR, Kearney DI, Bricker JT, Colan SD, Easley KA, Kaplan S, Lai WW, Lipshultz SE, Moodie DS, Sopko G, Starc TJ. Cardiac, aortic, and pulmonary arteriopathy in HIV-infected children: the Prospective P2C2 HIV Multicenter Study. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2004; 7:61-70. [PMID: 15255036 DOI: 10.1007/s10024-003-1001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Arteriopathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is being increasingly recognized, especially in children. However, few studies have histologically evaluated the coronary arteries in HIV-infected children, and none have systematically assessed the aorta and pulmonary arteries. The coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and the main and branch pulmonary arteries from the postmortem hearts of 14 HIV-infected children were systematically reviewed for vasculopathic lesions and compared with 14 age-matched controls. Findings from the HIV-infected children were compared with clinical, laboratory, and other postmortem findings. Coronary arteriopathy, seen in seven (50%) of the HIV-infected children, was primarily calcific, and it was associated with decreased CD3 and CD4 peripheral blood counts. Large vessel arteriopathy, seen in 9 (64%) of the 14 HIV-infected children, was primarily centered on the vasa vasorum and consisted mainly of medial hypertrophy and chronic inflammation. Large vessel lesions were associated with increased left ventricular mass z-scores (P = 0.02), and 78% of patients with large vessel arteriopathy had postmortem cardiomegaly. Coronary and large vessel arteriopathies are common in pediatric HIV-infection and have different clinicopathologic features suggesting different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Perez-Atayde
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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White JML, Powell AM, Brady K, Russell-Jones R. Severe generalized argyria secondary to ingestion of colloidal silver protein. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:254-6. [PMID: 12780705 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Argyria is a rare cause of cutaneous discolouration caused by silver deposition. We report a case of dramatic and diffuse argyria secondary to ingestion of colloidal silver protein over a 1-year period. Stained electron microscopy with spectral analysis was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Silver-protein complexes are deposited in the skin and reduced to inert silver salts by sunlight in a process similar to that harnessed in photography. Our patient had obtained the silver for consumption via mail order. It had been advertised as a cure for a variety of diseases. Colloidal silver protein is commercially available as a 'food supplement', hence circumventing the strict controls placed on medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M L White
- Department of Dermatology, Ealing Hospital, London, UK.
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