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Dong S, Li D, Shi D. Skin barrier-inflammatory pathway is a driver of the psoriasis-atopic dermatitis transition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1335551. [PMID: 38606161 PMCID: PMC11007107 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1335551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As chronic inflammatory conditions driven by immune dysregulation are influenced by genetics and environment factors, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) have traditionally been considered to be distinct diseases characterized by different T cell responses. Psoriasis, associated with type 17 helper T (Th17)-mediated inflammation, presents as well-defined scaly plaques with minimal pruritus. AD, primarily linked to Th2-mediated inflammation, presents with poorly defined erythema, dry skin, and intense itching. However, psoriasis and AD may overlap or transition into one another spontaneously, independent of biological agent usage. Emerging evidence suggests that defects in skin barrier-related molecules interact with the polarization of T cells, which forms a skin barrier-inflammatory loop with them. This loop contributes to the chronicity of the primary disease or the transition between psoriasis and AD. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin barrier defects in driving the overlap between psoriasis and AD. In this review, the importance of repairing the skin barrier was underscored, and the significance of tailoring biologic treatments based on individual immune status instead of solely adhering to the treatment guidelines for AD or psoriasis was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitan Dong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology/Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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Shutova MS, Boehncke WH. Mechanotransduction in Skin Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132026. [PMID: 35805110 PMCID: PMC9265324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of mechanotransduction, the cells in the body perceive and interpret mechanical stimuli to maintain tissue homeostasis and respond to the environmental changes. Increasing evidence points towards dysregulated mechanotransduction as a pathologically relevant factor in human diseases, including inflammatory conditions. Skin is the organ that constantly undergoes considerable mechanical stresses, and the ability of mechanical factors to provoke inflammatory processes in the skin has long been known, with the Koebner phenomenon being an example. However, the molecular mechanisms and key factors linking mechanotransduction and cutaneous inflammation remain understudied. In this review, we outline the key players in the tissue’s mechanical homeostasis, the available data, and the gaps in our current understanding of their aberrant regulation in chronic cutaneous inflammation. We mainly focus on psoriasis as one of the most studied skin inflammatory diseases; we also discuss mechanotransduction in the context of skin fibrosis as a result of chronic inflammation. Even though the role of mechanotransduction in inflammation of the simple epithelia of internal organs is being actively studied, we conclude that the mechanoregulation in the stratified epidermis of the skin requires more attention in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Shutova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Formoso K, Susperreguy S, Freichel M, Birnbaumer L. RNA-seq analysis reveals TRPC genes to impact an unexpected number of metabolic and regulatory pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7227. [PMID: 32350291 PMCID: PMC7190874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven-member transient receptor potential canonical genes (TRPC1-7) encode cation channels linked to several human diseases. There is little understanding of the participation of each TRPC in each pathology, considering functional redundancy. Also, most of the inhibitors available are not specific. Thus, we developed mice that lack all of the TRPCs and performed a transcriptome analysis in eight tissues. The aim of this research was to address the impact of the absence of all TRPC channels on gene expression. We obtained a total of 4305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in at least one tissue where spleen showed the highest number of DEGs (1371). Just 21 genes were modified in all the tissues. Performing a pathway enrichment analysis, we found that many important signaling pathways were modified in more than one tissue, including PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and circadian rhythms. We describe for the first time the changes at the transcriptome level due to the lack of all TRPC proteins in a mouse model and provide a starting point to understand the function of TRPC channels and their possible roles in pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Formoso
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET). School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, C1107AFF, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Susperreguy
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET). School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, C1107AFF, Argentina
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET). School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, C1107AFF, Argentina. .,Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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4
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Buechner S, Erne P, Resink TJ. T-Cadherin Expression in the Epidermis and Adnexal Structures of Normal Skin. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2016; 3:68-78. [PMID: 27904857 PMCID: PMC5121566 DOI: 10.1159/000451024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-cadherin is an atypical glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules. The role of T-cadherin in biology of the skin is poorly understood. Expression of T-cadherin in basal keratinocytes and dermal blood vessels of the healthy epidermis has been demonstrated, but studies on expression in skin appendages are rare. Methods We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures of normal skin. Results T-cadherin expression is restricted to basal keratinocytes of the epidermis. The basal cell layer of sebaceous glands was T-cadherin positive, whereas sebocytes were negative. Within apocrine glands, only myoepithelial cells were T-cadherin positive. In contrast, both the secretory coils and excretory ducts of eccrine glands were T-cadherin positive. In terminal hair follicles, the outer root sheath layers strongly expressed T-cadherin throughout different regions of the follicle, with the strongest immunoreactivity at the bulge and suprabulbar regions. T-cadherin and CK15 stem cell marker similarly localized within the bulge and suprabulbar region. T-cadherin and CD34 stem cell marker similarly localized at the suprabulbar level. Conclusion The specific patterns of T-cadherin expression in the epidermis and adnexal structures suggest an important guardian role in skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Buechner
- Dermatology Private Office and Laboratory for Histologic Diagnostic, Basel University and Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University and Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University and Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Man XY, Chen XB, Li W, Landeck L, Dou TT, Chen JQ, Zhou J, Cai SQ, Zheng M. Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes. Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150032. [PMID: 26269426 PMCID: PMC4554915 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is similar to endpoints of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process of epithelial cells transformed into fibroblast-like cells. The molecular epithelial and mesenchymal markers were analysed in psoriatic keratinocytes. No obvious alteration of epithelial markers E-cadherin (E-cad), keratin 10 (K10), K14 and K16 was detected in psoriatic keratinocytes. However, significantly increased expression of Vim, FN, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and Slug was seen. IL-17A and IL-13 at 50 ng ml−1 strongly decreased expression of K10, Vim and FN. TGF-β1 at 50 ng ml−1 promoted the production of N-cad, Vim, FN and PAI-1. Slug was decreased by dexamethasone (Dex), but E-cad was upregulated by Dex. Silencing of ERK partially increased E-cad and K16, but remarkably inhibited K14, FN, Vim, β-catenin, Slug and α5 integrin. Moreover, inhibition of Rho and GSK3 by their inhibitors Y27632 and SB216763, respectively, strongly raised E-cad, β-catenin and Slug. Dex decreased Y27632-mediated increase of β-catenin. Dex at 2.0 µM inhibited SB216763-regulated E-cad, β-catenin and slug. In conclusion, EMT in psoriatic keratinocytes may be defined as an intermediate phenotype of type 2 EMT. ERK, Rho and GSK3 play active roles in the process of EMT in psoriatic keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilla Landeck
- Department of Dermatology, Ernst von Bergmann General Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Charité-University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ting-Ting Dou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui-Qing Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
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Gopal S, Søgaard P, Multhaupt HAB, Pataki C, Okina E, Xian X, Pedersen ME, Stevens T, Griesbeck O, Park PW, Pocock R, Couchman JR. Transmembrane proteoglycans control stretch-activated channels to set cytosolic calcium levels. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1199-211. [PMID: 26391658 PMCID: PMC4586746 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans regulate members of the transient receptor potential family to control cytosolic calcium levels with impact on cell adhesion, junction formation, and neuronal guidance. Transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate multiple aspects of cell behavior, but the molecular basis of their signaling is unresolved. The major family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the syndecans, present in virtually all nucleated cells, but with mostly unknown functions. Here, we show that syndecans regulate transient receptor potential canonical (TRPCs) channels to control cytosolic calcium equilibria and consequent cell behavior. In fibroblasts, ligand interactions with heparan sulfate of syndecan-4 recruit cytoplasmic protein kinase C to target serine714 of TRPC7 with subsequent control of the cytoskeleton and the myofibroblast phenotype. In epidermal keratinocytes a syndecan–TRPC4 complex controls adhesion, adherens junction composition, and early differentiation in vivo and in vitro. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the TRPC orthologues TRP-1 and -2 genetically complement the loss of syndecan by suppressing neuronal guidance and locomotory defects related to increases in neuronal calcium levels. The widespread and conserved syndecan–TRPC axis therefore fine tunes cytoskeletal organization and cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Søgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csilla Pataki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaojie Xian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael E Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Roger Pocock
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sezer E, Böer-Auer A, Cetin E, Tokat F, Durmaz E, Sahin S, Ince U. Diagnostic utility of Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 immunostaining in differentiation of psoriasis vs. other psoriasiform dermatitis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2015; 5:7-13. [PMID: 26336616 PMCID: PMC4536874 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0503a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Differentiation of psoriasis from non-psoriasis psoriasiform dermatitis (NPPD) may be difficult for dermatopathologists, as lack of distinctive histopathological features in a subset of cases may cause confusion in diagnosis. Objective: As the prototype of psoriasiform dermatitis, psoriasis is a hyperproliferative skin disorder with increased epidermal turnover compared with NPPD, we investigated the role of proliferation markers, Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 as diagnostic tools to differentiate psoriasis from other psoriasiform dermatitis. Methods: Histopathological specimens of psoriasis (n = 35) and NPPD (n = 36, 14 pityriasis rubra pilaris, 12 pityriasis rosea and 10 lichen simplex) cases were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 and Cyclin D1. Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 positive cells were counted for suprabasal, and total epidermal immunostaining per mm2. Results: Suprabasal and total epidermal cell counts for Ki-67 were found to be significantly higher in the psoriasis group compared with the NPPD group (p < 0.05). An important and interesting feature was the presence of a cut-off value for the suprabasal/total epidermal cell count ratio of 75% for Ki-67 immunostaining, which was higher in all patients having psoriasis (range, 77.1% – 92.4%) and lower in all NPPD cases (range, 21.0% – 73.3%). However, suprabasal Cyclin D1 cell counts were higher in the psoriasis group compared with the NPPD group (p < 0.05), total epidermal Cyclin D1 cell counts were not statistically significant in either group (p = 0.167), and a cut-off value for suprabasal/total epidermal cell count ratio to distinguish these two entities was not detected using this immunostain. Conclusions: We suggest that Ki-67 is a more sensitive marker than Cyclin D1 in terms of having a cutoff value of 75% for the suprabasal/total epidermal immunoreactive cell count ratio, which we believe could be useful for dermatopathologists in differentiating psoriasis from other psoriasiform dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Sezer
- Department of Dermatology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emel Cetin
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tokat
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedef Sahin
- Department of Dermatology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Ince
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Recent advances in pathophysiological mechanisms of itch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Donetti E, Gualerzi A, Ricceri F, Pescitelli L, Bedoni M, Prignano F. Etanercept restores a differentiated keratinocyte phenotype in psoriatic human skin: a morphological study. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:549-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Donetti
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche - Città Studi; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche - Città Studi; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano; Italy
| | - Federica Ricceri
- Dipartimento di Area Critica Medico-Chirurgica Sezione Dermatologia Clinica, Preventiva e Oncologica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Firenze; Italy
| | - Leonardo Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Area Critica Medico-Chirurgica Sezione Dermatologia Clinica, Preventiva e Oncologica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Firenze; Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- Polo Tecnologico; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; Milano; Italy
| | - Francesca Prignano
- Dipartimento di Area Critica Medico-Chirurgica Sezione Dermatologia Clinica, Preventiva e Oncologica; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Firenze; Italy
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10
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Santarelli A, Di Fede O, Carinci F, Rubini C, Ganzetti G, Perrone D, Simonetti O, Offidani A, Re M, Perrone D, Pannone G, Lo Muzio L. Reciprocal Altered Expression of E-Cadherin and P-Cadherin in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:103-6. [DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E- and P- cadherins are involved in the selective adhesion of epidermal cells. To gain insight into the role of cadherins on the acantholysis of keratinocytes and further investigate the pathogenesis of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, we examined the expression of P-cadherin and E-cadherin, in normal human oral mucosa, lesional and peri-lesional mucosa in MMP. Twenty-nine samples from paraffin-embedded specimens of MMP were used for the study. Five specimens of healthy oral mucosa were evaluated as control group. To evaluate the E- and P-Cadherin expression, a mean percentage of positive cells was determined from the percentage of positive cells derived from the analysis of 100 cells in ten random areas at x400 magnification. It was observed that E-cadherin was weakly and discontinuously expressed on the epithelial layers of pemphigoid mucosa, while it was intensively expressed on all keratinocytes in normal human skin. In contrast, P-cadherin was strongly expressed throughout the entire epidermal layer in MMP samples, although its expression is restricted to the basal cell layer in normal human skin. Statistical analyses showed that the percentage of E-cadherin positive cells in the epithelium of pemphigoid cases was significantly decreased compared with that in normal human mucosa. There was a significant increase in the percentage of P-cadherin positive cells in the epithelial layers of MMP compared with normal human mucosa. The present study showed that there is downregulation of E-cadherin expression and upregulation of P-cadherin expression in MMP mucosa, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Santarelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Specialistic Clinic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polythecnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - O. Di Fede
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sector of Oral Medicine “V. Margiotta”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Carinci
- Department of D.M.C.C.C., Section of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C. Rubini
- Institute of Pathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Ganzetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italiy
| | - D. Perrone
- Department of Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - O. Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italiy
| | - A. Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italiy
| | - M. Re
- Department of Specialistic Clinic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polythecnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D. Perrone
- Department of Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G. Pannone
- Department of Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L. Lo Muzio
- Department of Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sector of Oral Medicine “V. Margiotta”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Pfaff D, Philippova M, Buechner S, Maslova K, Mathys T, Erne P, Resink T. T-cadherin loss induces an invasive phenotype in human keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in vitro
and is associated with malignant transformation of cutaneous SCC in vivo. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:353-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Topical isoflavonoids reduce experimental cutaneous inflammation in mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:727-33. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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14
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Buechner SA, Philippova M, Erne P, Mathys T, Resink TJ. High T-cadherin expression is a feature of basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:199-202. [PMID: 19438454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Z, Peng Z, Wang Y, Geng S, Ji F. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in the lesional skin of patients with active psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:207-9. [PMID: 18211502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Tominaga M, Ozawa S, Ogawa H, Takamori K. A hypothetical mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 46:199-210. [PMID: 17350228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a symptom in atopic dermatitis (AD). Previous studies have reported that increased intraepidermal neurites are observed in AD, suggesting that the neuritogenesis is related to itching in the skin. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to reveal the mechanism of intraepidermal neurite formation in AD. METHODS In this study, we used conventional (Conv) NC/Nga mice with AD. NC/Nga mice maintained in specific pathogen-free (SPF) condition were used as a control with no AD. Distribution of intraepidermal neurites and expression patterns of growth factors (NGF and amphiregulin (AR)) and cell-cell junctional molecules (E-cadherin, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3)) were examined in the skins by immunohistochemistry or quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, detection of gelatinase activity was performed with in situ zymography. The same experiments were conducted in ICR mice for comparison with NC/Nga mice. RESULTS Neurite density and expression levels of growth factors and gelatinase were remarkably increased in the epidermis of Conv-NC/Nga mice compared with those of SPF-NC/Nga mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 and misexpression of Dsg3 were also observed in the atopic skins. In comparison with ICR mice, increases of neurite density and gelatinase activity were found in the skins of SPF-NC/Nga mice but expression levels of growth factors and cell-cell junctional molecules were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Increases of growth factors and gelatinase activity may be related to neurite outgrowth in the epidermis of atopic NC/Nga mice. Additionally, abnormal expressions of cell-cell junctional molecules in the epidermis may provide intercellular spaces for the neurite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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Lemini-López A, Flores-Romo L, Arévalo-López A, Meza I. Altered Morphology and Distribution of Cellular Junction Proteins in Non-Lesional Psoriatic Epidermis: An Insight into Disease Severity. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:36-44. [PMID: 16314184 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis affects 2.7% of the world's population. Keratinocyte proliferation outside the basal layer suggests alterations in cell-cell interactions in affected epidermis. Anomalous expression of proteins forming intercellular junctions has been reported in lesional skin of psoriatic patients. In contrast, little is known about possible alterations in psoriatic non-lesional skin. METHODS Ten clinically diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients and ten controls were studied. All patients were diagnosed with active but controlled psoriatic plates (PASI 3 to 5) and had not received any systemic treatment. The mean age was 43 years for patients and 43.5 years for controls. Four-mm2 skin samples were taken from lesional and non-lesional zones in patients and from abdomen in controls. Five-mum sections were examined for integrity and structural organization by fluorescent labeling of actin filaments and nuclei. Specific antibodies were utilized to localize occludin, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and proliferation-specific keratins in sections and epidermal sheets. Samples were also processed for immunoblotting with occludin antibody. RESULTS Lesional and non-lesional psoriatic epidermis from all patients showed keratinocyte hyperproliferation, lack of rete ridges and dermal papillae in the dermal-epidermal junction in some areas. Proteins forming tight and adherens junctions in non-lesional skin keratinocytes from two patients who during the course of the study evolved to uncontrolled disease, showed similar alterations to those observed in lesional skin of all the patients. However, the occludin isoforms expressed were apparently the same in all samples. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of non-lesional skin in psoriatic patients diagnosed with controlled disease may provide clues about incipient structural abnormalities in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, providing an early diagnostic indicator for evolution to a generalized form of the disease.
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Chung E, Cook PW, Parkos CA, Park YK, Pittelkow MR, Coffey RJ. Amphiregulin causes functional downregulation of adherens junctions in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:1134-40. [PMID: 15955087 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of amphiregulin (AR) has been linked to psoriasis in mouse and man. Since psoriasis is marked by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and loss of epidermal barrier function with infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis and dermis, we hypothesized that AR might contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by affecting the integrity of cell-cell junctions. We find that there is a marked reduction of functional E-cadherin in psoriatic lesions from both INV-AR mice and individuals with psoriasis. Total E-cadherin levels are dramatically reduced in psoriatic lesions from INV-AR mice. Compared with normal skin, psoriatic lesions from individuals with psoriasis exhibit downregulation of the cytoskeletal-associated triton-insoluble pool of E-cadherin and the appearance of an 80 kDa ectodomain fragment in the cytoplasmic triton-soluble pool. There is reduced immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin in the basal epidermis of human psoriatic lesions. Moreover, there is enhanced transmigration of human neutrophils through polarized epithelial cell monolayers of MDCK cells after administration of AR, but not transforming growth factor-alpha, further supporting a specific role for AR in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Chung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Mukoyama Y, Zhou S, Miyachi Y, Matsuyoshi N. T-cadherin negatively regulates the proliferation of cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:833-8. [PMID: 15816843 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T-cadherin is a unique member of the cadherin superfamily that lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, and is instead linked to the cell membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. We previously reported that T-cadherin was specifically expressed on the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis, and the expression of T-cadherin was significantly reduced in invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in the lesional skin of psoriasis vulgaris. In this study, to obtain an insight into the role of T-cadherin in keratinocytes, we used transfection methods and examined the effect of overexpression or knockdown of T-cadherin in immortalized keratinocyte cell lines derived from SCC. T-cadherin overexpressed cells showed clearly reduced cell proliferation, but the influence of cell-cell adhesiveness and cell mobility was not detected. Using a tetracycline-regulated expression system, we also confirmed that the suppression of cell proliferation was dependent on the expression level of T-cadherin. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that over expression of T-cadherin induced a delay in the G(2)/M phase. Our findings suggest that T-cadherin acts as an endogenous negative regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and its inactivation is the cause for keratinocyte hyperproliferation in SCC or in psoriasis vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mukoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Elomaa O, Majuri I, Suomela S, Asumalahti K, Jiao H, Mirzaei Z, Rozell B, Dahlman-Wright K, Pispa J, Kere J, Saarialho-Kere U. Transgenic mouse models support HCR as an effector gene in the PSORS1 locus. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13:1551-61. [PMID: 15190014 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddh178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility for psoriasis is regulated to the greatest extent by the PSORS1 locus. Three psoriasis-associated susceptibility alleles have been identified within it, namely, HLACw6, HCR*WWCC and CDSN*5, but strong linkage disequilibrium between them has made it difficult to distinguish their individual genetic effects, and animal models to study their effects are not known. To study the function of HCR, we engineered transgenic mice with either a non-risk allele of HCR or the HCR*WWCC risk allele under the control of the cytokeratin-14 promoter. These choices were motivated by the apparently dominant effect of PSORS1 on psoriasis susceptibility and the physiological expression of HCR in basal keratinocytes. Transgenic mice appeared phenotypically normal and histologically their skin was indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Expression studies using Affymetrix arrays suggested that the HCR risk allele has specific functional consequences relevant to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Comparison of gene expression changes between non-risk and risk allele mice revealed similarities to previous observations in human psoriatic skin, including upregulation of cytokeratins 6, 16 and 17 in risk allele mice. We also observed changes in the expression of genes associated with terminal differentiation and formation of the cornified cell envelope. Our results support the concept that HCR may constitute an essential gene in the PSORS1 locus. These observations are also compatible with a model that a susceptibility gene for psoriasis induces changes that are contributory but not sufficient by itself to produce the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Elomaa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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