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Tariq MH, Bhatti R, Ali NF, Ashfaq UA, Shahid F, Almatroudi A, Khurshid M. Rational design of chimeric Multiepitope Based Vaccine (MEBV) against human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1: An integrated vaccine informatics and molecular docking based approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258443. [PMID: 34705829 PMCID: PMC8550388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an infectious virus that has been linked to adult T cell leukemia /lymphoma, aggressive CD4-T cell malignancy and many other immune-related medical illnesses. So far, no effective vaccine is known to combat HTLV-1, hence, the current research work was performed to design a potential multi-epitope-based subunit vaccine (MEBV) by adopting the latest methodology of reverse vaccinology. Briefly, three highly antigenic proteins (Glycoprotein, Accessory protein, and Tax protein) with no or minimal (<37%) similarity with human proteome were sorted out and potential B- and T-cell epitopes were forecasted from them. Highly antigenic, immunogenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic and overlapping epitopes were short-listed for vaccine development. The chosen T-cell epitopes displayed a strong binding affinity with their corresponding Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles and demonstrated 95.8% coverage of the world's population. Finally, nine Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, six Helper T Lymphocytes and five Linear B Lymphocytes epitopes, joint through linkers and adjuvant, were exploited to design the final MEBV construct, comprising of 382 amino acids. The developed MEBV structure showed highly antigenic properties while being non-toxic, soluble, non-allergenic, and stable in nature. Moreover, disulphide engineering further enhanced the stability of the final vaccine protein. Additionally, Molecular docking analysis and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the strong association between MEBV construct and human pathogenic immune receptor TLR-3. Repeated-exposure simulations and Immune simulations ensured the rapid antigen clearance and higher levels of cell-mediated immunity, respectively. Furthermore, MEBV codon optimization and in-silico cloning was carried out to confirm its augmented expression. Results of our experiments suggested that the proposed MEBV could be a potential immunogenic against HTLV-1; nevertheless, additional wet lab experiments are needed to elucidate our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamza Tariq
- Atta ur Rehman School of Applied Bioscience, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Bhatti
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nida Fatima Ali
- Atta ur Rehman School of Applied Bioscience, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sibon D, Gabet AS, Zandecki M, Pinatel C, Thête J, Delfau-Larue MH, Rabaaoui S, Gessain A, Gout O, Jacobson S, Mortreux F, Wattel E. HTLV-1 propels untransformed CD4 lymphocytes into the cell cycle while protecting CD8 cells from death. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:974-83. [PMID: 16585963 PMCID: PMC1421359 DOI: 10.1172/jci27198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, yet it induces adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) that is regularly of the CD4+ phenotype. Here we show that in vivo infected CD4+ and CD8+ T cells displayed similar patterns of clonal expansion in carriers without malignancy. Cloned infected cells from individuals without malignancy had a dramatic increase in spontaneous proliferation, which predominated in CD8+ lymphocytes and depended on the amount of tax mRNA. In fact, the clonal expansion of HTLV-1-positive CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes relied on 2 distinct mechanisms--infection prevented cell death in the former while recruiting the latter into the cell cycle. Cell cycling, but not apoptosis, depended on the level of viral-encoded tax expression. Infected tax-expressing CD4+ lymphocytes accumulated cellular defects characteristic of genetic instability. Therefore, HTLV-1 infection establishes a preleukemic phenotype that is restricted to CD4+ infected clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sibon
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Gabet
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Zandecki
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christiane Pinatel
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julien Thête
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Samira Rabaaoui
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivier Gout
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Wattel
- Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, CNRS UMR5537 — Université Claude Bernard, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d’Angers, Angers, France.
Laboratoire d’Immunologie, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Service de Neurologie, Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France.
Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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