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Abnormally Hypersegmented Neutrophilia in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Associated With t(2;11)(q31;p15) and NUP98 Rearrangement. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:156-158. [PMID: 33480654 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole gateways between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and they mediate all macromolecular trafficking between these cellular compartments. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is highly selective and precisely regulated and as such an important aspect of normal cellular function. Defects in this process or in its machinery have been linked to various human diseases, including cancer. Nucleoporins, which are about 30 proteins that built up NPCs, are critical players in nucleocytoplasmic transport and have also been shown to be key players in numerous other cellular processes, such as cell cycle control and gene expression regulation. This review will focus on the three nucleoporins Nup98, Nup214, and Nup358. Common to them is their significance in nucleocytoplasmic transport, their multiple other functions, and being targets for chromosomal translocations that lead to haematopoietic malignancies, in particular acute myeloid leukaemia. The underlying molecular mechanisms of nucleoporin-associated leukaemias are only poorly understood but share some characteristics and are distinguished by their poor prognosis and therapy outcome.
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3
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Emerenciano M, Meyer C, Macedo-Silva ML, de Meis E, Dobbin JA, Marschalek R, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. Backtracking to birth of the NUP98-HOXD13 gene fusion in an infant acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2011; 25:1192-4. [PMID: 21494261 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations occur with great frequency and some specificity in leukemia and other hematologic malignancies. The most common outcome of these rearrangements is the formation of a fusion gene, comprising portions of 2 genes normally present in the cell. These fusion proteins are presumed to be oncogenic; in many cases, animal models have proven them to be oncogenic. One of the most promiscuous fusion partner genes is the newly identified NUP98 gene, located on chromosome 11p15.5, which to date has been observed fused to 15 different fusion partners. NUP98 encodes a 98 kD protein that is an important component of the nuclear pore complex, which mediates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of protein and RNA. The fusion partners of NUP98 form 2 distinct groups: homeobox genes and non-homeobox genes. All NUP98 fusions join the N-terminal GLFG repeats of NUP98 to the C-terminal portion of the partner gene, which, in the case of the homeobox gene partners, includes the homeodomain. Clinical findings are reviewed here, along with the findings of several in vivo and in vitro models have been employed to investigate the mechanisms by which NUP98 fusion genes contribute to the pathogenesis of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/physiology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Genes, Homeobox
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Models, Genetic
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Nuclear Pore/physiology
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Slape
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Navy 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20889-5105, USA
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5
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Zhang L, Alsabeh R, Mecucci C, La Starza R, Gorello P, Lee S, Lill M, Schreck R. Rare t(1;11)(q23;p15) in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:42-8. [PMID: 17889707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Balanced chromosome rearrangements are the hallmark of therapy-related leukemia that develops in patients treated with topoisomerase II inhibitors. Many of these rearrangements involve recurrent chromosomal sites and associated genes (11q23/MLL, 21q22.3/AML1, and 11p15/NUP98), which can interact with a variety of partner genes. One such rearrangement is the rare t(1;11)(q23;p15), which involves juxtaposition of the homeobox gene PMX1 (PRRX1) and NUP98. We report on an additional patient with t(1;11) who presented with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subsequent to treatment for a pleomorphic liposarcoma. With time, the patient's disorder progressed to acute myelomonocytic leukemia with cytogenetic evidence of clonal evolution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient presenting with a myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated t(1;11) (q23;p15), which evolved into therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). This patient is the third reported with this cytogenetic rearrangement and t-AML, and is compared with the other two reports of t(1;11)(q23;p15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Room 4711, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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6
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Ida CM, Rolig KA, Hulshizer RL, Van Dyke DL, Randolph JL, Jenkins RB, Nascimento AG, Oliveira AM. Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma showing t(2;6)(q31;p21.3) as a sole cytogenetic abnormality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:139-42. [PMID: 17854670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare, low-grade sarcoma characterized by distinctive, large, and bizarre Reed--Sternberg--like cells associated with an intense inflammatory infiltrate. The biology of MIFS is still poorly understood, and only two previous cases had been studied cytogenetically. In the present case, analysis of MIFS in the foot of a 53-year-old man revealed the chromosome translocation t(2;6)(q31;p21.3) as the only cytogenetic abnormality. This finding is distinct from the two cases previously reported. Additional studies are needed to verify whether any of these chromosome rearrangements are involved recurrently in MIFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane M Ida
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas (C.M.I.), São Paulo University School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Hidaka E, Tanaka M, Matsuda K, Ishikawa-Matsumura M, Yamauchi K, Sano K, Honda T, Wakui K, Yanagisawa R, Nakazawa Y, Sakashita K, Shiohara M, Ishii E, Koike K. A complex karyotype, including a three-way translocation generating a NUP98-HOXD13 transcript, in an infant with acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:137-43. [PMID: 17656257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an infant with acute myeloblastic leukemia who had the abnormal karyotype 46,XX,t(2;11;9)(q31;p15;q22),t(6;11;15)(q21;q23;q22),t(8;10)(q13;q22). At relapse, a different three-way translocation emerged. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay detected the NUP98-HOXD13 fusion gene in bone marrow cells of the patient at diagnosis and at relapse. Sequence analysis showed that exon 12 of NUP98 was fused in-frame with exon 2 of HOXD13. The patient had neither a rearrangement of the MLL gene nor aberrations for FLT3, KIT, NRAS, KRAS, or PTPN11. The NUP98-HOXD13 fusion transcript created by t(2;11;9)(q31;p15;q22) may play an important role in the leukemogenesis in this case.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Hidaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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8
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Romana SP, Radford-Weiss I, Ben Abdelali R, Schluth C, Petit A, Dastugue N, Talmant P, Bilhou-Nabera C, Mugneret F, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Mozziconacci MJ, Andrieu J, Lai JL, Terre C, Rack K, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Luquet I, Nadal N, Nguyen-Khac F, Perot C, Van den Akker J, Fert-Ferrer S, Cabrol C, Charrin C, Tigaud I, Poirel H, Vekemans M, Bernard OA, Berger R. NUP98 rearrangements in hematopoietic malignancies: a study of the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique. Leukemia 2006; 20:696-706. [PMID: 16467868 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NUP98 gene is fused with 19 different partner genes in various human hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain additional clinico-hematological data and to identify new partners of NUP98, the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH) collected cases of hematological malignancies where a 11p15 rearrangement was detected. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that 35% of these patients (23/66) carried a rearrangement of the NUP98 locus. Genes of the HOXA cluster and the nuclear-receptor set domain (NSD) genes were frequently fused to NUP98, mainly in de novo myeloid malignancies whereas the DDX10 and TOP1 genes were equally rearranged in de novo and in therapy-related myeloid proliferations. Involvement of ADD3 and C6ORF80 genes were detected, respectively, in myeloid disorders and in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas the RAP1GDS1 gene was fused to NUP98 in T-ALL. Three new chromosomal breakpoints: 3q22.1, 7p15 (in a localization distinct from the HOXA locus) and Xq28 were detected in rearrangements with the NUP98 gene locus. The present study as well as a review of the 73 cases previously reported in the literature allowed us to delineate some chromosomal, clinical and molecular features of patients carrying a NUP98 gene rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Romana
- Service de cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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9
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Ikeda A, Shankar DB, Watanabe M, Tamanoi F, Moore TB, Sakamoto KM. Molecular targets and the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 88:216-24. [PMID: 16678459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a multistep process involving accumulation of genetic alterations over time. These genetic mutations destroy the delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Traditional approaches to treatment of leukemia involve chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplantation. In recent years, specific targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of leukemia. The success of treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) and CML with imatinib have lead to increased efforts to identify targets that can be inhibited by small molecules for treatment of hematological malignancies. In this review, we describe the current advances in the development of targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ikeda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Gwynne Hazen Cherry Memorial Laboratories, and Mattel Children's Hospital, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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10
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Takeshita A, Naito K, Shinjo K, Sahara N, Matsui H, Ohnishi K, Beppu H, Ohtsubo K, Horii T, Maekawa M, Inaba T, Ohno R. Deletion 6p23 and add(11)(p15) leading to NUP98 translocation in a case of therapy-related atypical chronic myelocytic leukemia transforming to acute myelocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 152:56-60. [PMID: 15193442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A NUP98 gene translocation occurring with a del(6p23) and an add(11)(p15) was determined in a 61-year-old patient with therapy-related atypical chronic myelocytic leukemia after complete remission from acute promyelocytic leukemia that eventually underwent clonal evolution and transformed to CD56-positive acute myelocytic leukemia (French-American-British classification M0). Precise chromosome analysis by G-banding, spectral karyotyping analysis, and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization showed this abnormality as 46,XY,del(6)(p23),add(p15). ish del(6)(NUP98-,D6Z1+),der(7)(NUP98+,D7Z1+),der(11)(NUP98+,D11Z1). A split signal of NUP98 was observed in 68.4% of the 117 cells analyzed, which clearly indicated that the NUP98 partially translocated to chromosome 7. However, the potential fusion partner of the NUP98 was not HOX family or DEK. The fusion gene has not been found by a differential display method. The significance of simultaneously combined del(6)(p23), which also has been reported with secondary leukemogenesis, has not been elucidated. Additional karyotype abnormalities evolved increasingly, and leukocytosis with blasts with more complex karyotypic abnormalities appeared 5 months later. Careful and continuous analysis of karyotype change clarified the process of the clonal evolution after NUP98 translocation. Further investigation of molecular characterization of this NUP98 translocation and interaction with 6p23 abnormalities might be worthwhile for understanding leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takeshita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu-shi, 431-3192, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
Targeted therapies for hematological malignancies have come of age since the advent of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for treating APL and STI571/Imatinib Mesylate/Gleevec for CML. There are good molecular targets for other malignancies and several new drugs are in clinical trials. In this review, we will concentrate on individual abnormalities that exist in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloid leukemias that are targets for small molecule therapies (summarised in Fig. 1). We will cover fusion proteins that are produced as a result of translocations, including BCR-ABL, the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor and RAS. Progression of diseases such as MDS to secondary AML occur as a result of changes in the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis and we will review targets in both these areas, including reversal of epigenetic silencing of genes such as p15(INK4B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M John
- Leukaemia Sciences Laboratories, Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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12
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Ferrando AA, Armstrong SA, Neuberg DS, Sallan SE, Silverman LB, Korsmeyer SJ, Look AT. Gene expression signatures in MLL-rearranged T-lineage and B-precursor acute leukemias: dominance of HOX dysregulation. Blood 2003; 102:262-8. [PMID: 12637319 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of the MLL locus, located on human chromosome 11q23, are frequent in both infant and therapy-related leukemias. Gene expression analysis of MLL-rearranged B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (MLL B-ALLs) has identified these cases as a unique subtype of leukemia, characterized by the expression of genes associated with both lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic lineages. Here we show that MLL fusions also generate a distinct genetic subtype of T-lineage ALL (MLL T-ALL), in which leukemic cells are characterized by an early arrest in thymocyte differentiation, with suggestive evidence of commitment to the gammadelta lineage. Interestingly, multiple genes linked to cell proliferation (eg, PCNA, MYC, CDK2, and POLA) were down-regulated in MLL-fusion samples, relative to those transformed by other T-ALL oncogenes (P <.000 001, Fisher exact test). Overall, MLL T-ALL cases consistently demonstrated increased levels of expression of a subset of major HOX genes--HOXA9, HOXA10, and HOXC6--and the MEIS1 HOX coregulator (P <.008, one-sided Wilcoxon test), a pattern of gene expression that was reiterated in MLL B-ALLs. However, expression of myeloid lineage genes, previously reported in MLL B-ALLs, was not identified in T-lineage cases with this abnormality, suggesting that myeloid gene dysregulation is dispensable in leukemic transformation mediated by MLL fusion proteins. Our findings implicate dysregulation of HOX gene family members as a dominant mechanism of leukemic transformation induced by chimeric MLL oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo A Ferrando
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Mayer-630, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Pineault N, Buske C, Feuring-Buske M, Abramovich C, Rosten P, Hogge DE, Aplan PD, Humphries RK. Induction of acute myeloid leukemia in mice by the human leukemia-specific fusion gene NUP98-HOXD13 in concert with Meis1. Blood 2003; 101:4529-38. [PMID: 12543865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX genes, notably members of the HOXA cluster, and HOX cofactors have increasingly been linked to human leukemia. Intriguingly, HOXD13, a member of the HOXD cluster not normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, was recently identified as a partner of NUP98 in a t(2;11) translocation associated with t-AML/MDS. We have now tested directly the leukemogenic potential of the NUP98-HOXD13 t(2; 11) fusion gene in the murine hematopoietic model. NUP98-HOXD13 strongly promoted growth and impaired differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro; this effect was dependent on the NUP98 portion and an intact HOXD13 homeodomain. Expression of the NUP98-HOXD13 fusion gene in vivo resulted in a partial impairment of lymphopoiesis but did not induce evident hematologic disease until late after transplantation (more than 5 months), when some mice developed a myeloproliferative-like disease. In contrast, mice transplanted with bone marrow (BM) cells cotransduced with NUP98-HOXD13 and the HOX cofactor Meis1 rapidly developed lethal and transplantable acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with a median disease onset of 75 days. In summary, this study demonstrates that NUP98-HOXD13 can be directly implicated in the molecular process leading to leukemic transformation, and it supports a model in which the transforming properties of NUP98-HOXD13 are mediated through HOX-dependent pathways.
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14
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Abstract
Dysregulation of homeobox (HB)-containing genes is becoming increasingly recognized as the underlying basis of many hematologic malignancies. Expression of clustered HB (HOX) genes within the hematopoietic system, and enforced overexpression and knockout studies have provided support for the concept that these homeodomain-containing transcription factors play a significant role in the developmental biology of hematopoietic cells. Diverged HB (non-HOX) genes have recently been identified as either cofactors and/or accelerators of leukemic disease mediated by HOX genes or as bona fide oncogenes. In this review, we examine the evidence that supports a central role for HB genes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, paying particular attention to the non-HOX class and the possible mechanisms through which they contribute to leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Owens
- Hematopoiesis Department, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
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15
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Thompson A, Quinn MF, Grimwade D, O'Neill CM, Ahmed MR, Grimes S, McMullin MF, Cotter F, Lappin TRJ. Global down-regulation of HOX gene expression in PML-RARalpha + acute promyelocytic leukemia identified by small-array real-time PCR. Blood 2003; 101:1558-65. [PMID: 12560242 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v101.4.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with a reciprocal and balanced translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used to treat APL and is a potent morphogen that regulates HOX gene expression in embryogenesis and organogenesis. HOX genes are also involved in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Thirty-nine mammalian HOX genes have been identified and classified into 13 paralogous groups clustered on 4 chromosomes. They encode a complex network of transcription regulatory proteins whose precise targets remain poorly understood. The overall function of the network appears to be dictated by gene dosage. To investigate the mechanisms involved in HOX gene regulation in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis by precise measurement of individual HOX genes, a small-array real-time HOX (SMART-HOX) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platform was designed and validated. Application of SMART-HOX to 16 APL bone marrow samples revealed a global down-regulation of 26 HOX genes compared with normal controls. HOX gene expression was also altered during differentiation induced by ATRA in the PML-RARalpha(+) NB4 cell line. PML-RARalpha fusion proteins have been reported to act as part of a repressor complex during myeloid cell differentiation, and a model linking HOX gene expression to this PML-RARalpha repressor complex is now proposed.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/chemistry
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Thompson
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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16
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Terui K, Kitazawa J, Takahashi Y, Tohno C, Hayashi Y, Taketani T, Taki T, Ito E. Successful treatment of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with NUP98-HOXD11 fusion transcripts and monitoring of minimal residual disease. Br J Haematol 2003; 120:274-6. [PMID: 12542486 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with haematological malignancies involving the NUP98 gene have been reported to have an aggressive clinical course and a poor outcome. We report successful treatment of a 15-year-old Japanese boy with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia having t(2;11)(q31;p15) and a novel fusion transcript, NUP98-HOXD11. He achieved complete remission by combined chemotherapy, and underwent unrelated cord blood transplantation 4 months after diagnosis. He is in complete remission 24 months after diagnosis. Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) showed the absence of fusion transcript 12 months after transplantation. This is the first report of monitoring MRD in a patient with haematological malignancy involving NUP98 fusion transcripts.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/surgery
- Male
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Terui
- Department of Paediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
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17
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Wong KF, So CC. A novel t(2;3)(q31;p13) in acute myelocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 138:77-9. [PMID: 12419590 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of acute myelocytic leukemia without maturation exhibiting a novel t(2;3)(q31;p13). Conventional cytogenetics showed the concomitant occurrence of a single metaphase with 47,XX,+8. Nevertheless, interphase cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 8 alpha-satellite DNA probe showed that the percentage of cells with three hybridization signals was within the control range.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Padua RA, McGlynn A, McGlynn H. Molecular, cytogenetic and genetic abnormalities in MDS and secondary AML. Cancer Treat Res 2002; 108:111-57. [PMID: 11702597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1463-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplasia (MDS) is a clonal disease, which increases with age, suggesting that multiple steps are required for the evolution of the condition. Approximately 30% of MDS evolve into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In this review, we intend to delineate the genetic events, which may drive this sequence and therefore we will focus primarily on cytogenetic abnormalities where the genes have been identified and oncogenes and suppressor genes that have been implicated. In terms of the biological mechanisms, which characterise this process, it is generally thought that the MDS cell has impaired differentiation, and has increased apoptosis. As the disease progresses in addition, the cells have increased proliferation. As the disease evolves, the population of cells, which predominate remain immature, have decreased apoptosis and in many cases, upregulate anti-apoptotic genes and have deregulated proliferation as the number of blast cells increase. Etiological factors, which contribute to the development of leukemia, include therapeutic agents administered for a primary malignancy. The cytogenetic abnormalities, predisposition factors and genes involved in secondary leukemia will also be reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aneuploidy
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Painting
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Therapy
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Multigene Family
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogenes
- Preleukemia/genetics
- Preleukemia/pathology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Padua
- Hematology Department, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Acute leukemia is associated with a wide spectrum of recurrent, non-random chromosomal translocations. Molecular analysis of the genes involved in these translocations has led to a better understanding of both the causes of chromosomal rearrangements as well as the mechanisms of leukemic transformation. Recently, a number of laboratories have cloned translocations involving the NUP98 gene on chromosome 11p15.5, from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To date, at least eight different chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 have been identified. The resultant chimeric transcripts encode fusion proteins that juxtapose the N-terminal GLFG repeats of NUP98 to the C-terminus of the partner gene. Of note, several of these translocations have been found in patients with therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS), suggesting that genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents may play an important role in generating chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lam
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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