1
|
Liu TT, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ye B, Liu T, Yan L, Fan J, Xu J, Zhou Y, Xia Z, Deng X. Discovery of a Meisoindigo-Derived PROTAC as the ATM Degrader: Revolutionizing Colorectal Cancer Therapy via Synthetic Lethality with ATR Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7620-7634. [PMID: 38634707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Meisoindigo (Mei) has long been recognized in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. To elucidate its molecular target and mechanisms, we embarked on designing and synthesizing a series of Mei-derived PROTACs. Through this endeavor, VHL-type PROTAC 9b was identified to be highly cytotoxic against SW620, SW480, and K562 cells. Employing DiaPASEF-based quantitative proteomic analysis, in combination with extensive validation assays, we unveiled that 9b potently and selectively degraded ATM across SW620 and SW480 cells in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. 9b-induced selective ATM degradation prompted DNA damage response cascades, thereby leading to the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. This pioneering discovery renders the advent of ATM degradation for anti-cancer therapy. Notably, 9b-induced ATM degradation synergistically enhanced the efficacy of ATR inhibitor AZD6738 both in vitro and in vivo. This work establishes the synthetic lethality-inducing properties of ATR inhibitors in the ATM-deficient context, thereby providing new avenues to innovative therapies for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuxing Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Baixin Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311106, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Linyang Yan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinbao Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyu CL, Liu JQ, Chen M, Chen B, Xiao ZJ. [The impact of meisoindigo on apoptosis and proliferation of SET2 cell line by JAK-STAT pathway]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:29-34. [PMID: 30704225 PMCID: PMC7351697 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the effect of meisoindigo on apoptosis and proliferation of JAK2/V617F heterozygous mutation cell line-SET2 cell line to further explore the role of JAK-STAT pathway in this effect. Methods: Cell apoptosis after treated with different concentration of meisoindigo (0, 5, and 10 μmol/L) was evaluated by flow cytometry at different time points (24, 48, 72 h). Cell proliferation with CCK8 test was evaluated at different time points (24, 48, 72, 96 h) after administered with different concentration of meisoindigo (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L). After treatment with different concentration of meisoindigo (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L), SET2 cells were collected after 12 h, and then cultured in incomplete methylcellulose-based medium for clone formation. JAK-STAT signaling pathway and apoptosis related protein by Western blot test were evaluated 12 h after administered with different concentration of meisoindigo (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L). Results: At different time points after treated with meisoindigo, the apoptosis rate of SET2 cell lines increased (P<0.01) with the inhibited proliferation (P<0.01), and the decreased clone formation rate of SET2 cell lines [0 μmol/L meisoindigo: (4.48±1.19)%, 20 μmol/L meisoindigo: (2.55±0.36)%; Dunnett P=0.020] in the presence of augmented concentrations of meisoindigo. At 12 hours after administration with meisoindigo, the reduced expressions of JAK2, P-JAK2, P-STAT1, P-STAT3, P-STAT3, STAT5, the decreased anti-apoptosis proteins BCL-2, BCL-XL and the increased pro-apoptosis protein BID, BIM were observed in the presence of increased concentrations of meisoindigo. Conclusion: Meisoindigo played an important role during the apoptosis and the inhibition of proliferation in ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm cell-SET2 cell lines, which might be related to the inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway with up-regulation of pro-apoptosis protein and down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Lyu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China (is working on the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China)
| | - J Q Liu
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - M Chen
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - B Chen
- The Affiated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Z J Xiao
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Zhou F, He K, Cheng T, Zhong Z, Liu Y, Yang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-fluoroalkenyloxindole ring-fused 3-trifluoromethyloxindoles obtained from indoline-2,3-diones and difluoromethylene phosphabetaine. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1417297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Small molecule Synthesis, Leshan Normal University, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seo DY, Roh HJ, Min BK, Kim JN. Facile Synthesis of Isoindigo Derivatives from 3-Indolyl-2-Oxindoles with DDQ. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Roh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Beom Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| | - Jae Nyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pashirova TN, Bogdanov AV, Musin LI, Voronina JK, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Mironov VF, Zakharova LY, Latypov SK, Sinyashin OG. Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:313-324. [PMID: 28243570 PMCID: PMC5301918 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade isoindigo derivatives have attracted much attention due to their high potential in pharmacy and in the chemistry of materials. In addition, isoindigo derivatives can be modified to form supramolecular structures with tunable morphologies for the use in drug delivery. Amphiphilic long-chain dialkylated isoindigos have the ability to form stable solid nanoparticles via a simple nanoprecipitation technique. Their self-assembly was investigated using tensiometry, dynamic light scattering, spectrophotometry, and fluorometry. The critical association concentrations and aggregate sizes were measured. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of alkylated isoindigo derivatives strongly influences aggregate morphology. In the case of short-chain dialkylated isoindigo derivatives, supramolecular polymers of 200 to 700 nm were formed. For long-chain dialkylated isoindigo derivatives, micellar aggregates of 100 to 200 nm were observed. Using micellar surfactant water-soluble forms of monosubstituted 1-hexadecylisoindigo as well as 1,1'-dimethylisoindigo were prepared for the first time. The formation of mixed micellar structures of different types in micellar anionic surfactant solutions (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was determined. These findings are of practical importance and are of potential interest for the design of drug delivery systems and new nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Pashirova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Bogdanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Lenar I Musin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Julia K Voronina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Marsil K Kadirov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Lucia Ya Zakharova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Shamil K Latypov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G Sinyashin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu XL, Feng TT, Wang DD, Liu HH, Yang C, Li XN, Lin B, Zhao Z, Zhou Y. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of pyrimidine-fused 3-alkenyloxindoles as potential anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
7
|
Bogdanov AV, Akhmetova EF, Bukharov SV, Mironov VF. Condensation of certain selected 1-monoalkylisoindigo with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Feng TT, Huang X, Liu XL, Jing DH, Liu XW, Guo FM, Zhou Y, Yuan WC. Highly regioselective synthesis of 3-alkenyl-oxindole ring-fused 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles via direct gamma-substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates of isatins with 3-substituted oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9366-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-alkyl or aryl substituted isoindigo derivatives as potential dual cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:165-74. [PMID: 25151579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-alkyl or aryl substituted isoindigo derivatives have been synthesized and their anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Some of the target compounds exhibited significant antitumor activity, including compounds 6h and 6k (against K562 cells), 6i (against HeLa cells) and 6j (against A549 cells). N-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-isoindigo (6k) exhibited a high and selective anti-proliferative activity against K562 cells (IC50 7.8 μM) and induced the apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 6k arrested the cell cycle at S phase in K562 cells by decreasing the expression of cyclin A and CDK2, which played critical roles in DNA replication and passage through G2 phase. Moreover, compound 6k down-regulated the expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser9), β-catenin and c-myc proteins, up-regulated the expression of GSK-3β, consequently, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and induced the apoptosis of K562 cells. The binding mode of compound 6k with GSK-3β was simulated using molecular docking tools. All of these studies gave a better understanding to the molecular mechanisms of this class of agents and clues to develop dual CDK2/GSK-3β (Ser9) phosphorylation inhibitors applied in cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang M, Lin HS, Lee YS, Ho PC. Evaluation of meisoindigo, an indirubin derivative: in vitro antileukemic activity and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1724-34. [PMID: 25050545 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Meisoindigo has been a routine therapeutic agent in the clinical treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in China since the 1980s. In the present study, the in vitro antileukemic activity of meisoindigo was investigated in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and myelomonocytic leukemia cells (NB4, NB4.007/6, HL-60 and U937) comprising both retinoic acid-sensitive and retinoic acid-resistant cells. We found that meisoindigo effectively inhibited the growth and/or proliferation of these four cell types at µM levels. The effects of meisoindigo in these cells are related to its proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, and are independent of cell cycle arrest, indicating that meisoindigo could be possible in the treatment of APL, AML and retinoic acid resistant APL. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of meisoindigo and its major circulatory metabolites in rat plasma were then investigated by a newly developed and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The profiles of plasma concentration versus time were plotted and the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for meisoindigo and its reductive metabolites. The plasma concentrations of meisoindigo after oral administration were much lower than the in vitro IC50s determined in the leukemic cells. The contradicting poor pharmacokinetic characteristics and the established clinical efficacy of meisoindigo could indicate the presence of active metabolites in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Shiuan Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul C Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bogdanov AV, Pashirova TN, Musin LI, Krivolapov DB, Zakharova LY, Mironov VF, Konovalov AI. Novel isoindigo derivatives bearing long-chain N-alkyl substituents: Synthesis and self-assemble behavior. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Bogdanov AV, Musin LI, Il'in AV, Mironov VF. Novel 1-Aminomethylisatins: Peculiarities of the Synthesis and the Reaction with Tris(diethylamino)phosphine. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Bogdanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Research Centre; Russian Academy of Sciences; 420088 Arbuzov Street, 8 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Lenar I. Musin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Research Centre; Russian Academy of Sciences; 420088 Arbuzov Street, 8 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Il'in
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Research Centre; Russian Academy of Sciences; 420088 Arbuzov Street, 8 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F. Mironov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Research Centre; Russian Academy of Sciences; 420088 Arbuzov Street, 8 Kazan Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang C, Xia J, Lei D, Li X, Yao Q, Gao J. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of symmetrical bis-Schiff base derivatives of isatin. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 74:742-50. [PMID: 24176732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen symmetrical bis-Schiff base derivatives of isatin were synthesized by condensation of the natural or synthetic isatins with hydrazine and were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. More than half of the obtained compounds showed potent cytotoxicity according to the MTT assay on five different human cancer cell lines (i.e. HeLa, SGC-7901, HepG2, U251, and A549), with compound 3b 3,3'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidene)bis (5-methylindolin-2-one) being the most potent compound on HepG2 (IC₅₀ ∼ 4.23 μM). 3b was also found to be able to inhibit substantially the tumor growth on the HepS-bearing mice at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The real-time live cell imaging and tracking in the H2B-labeled HeLa cells revealed that 3b could induce mitosis interference and apoptosis-associated cell death. In mechanism study, 3b arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in HepG2 cells by down-regulating the expression of cyclin B1 and cdc 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Dong Lei
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qizheng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wee XK, Yang T, Go ML. Exploring the anticancer activity of functionalized isoindigos: synthesis, drug-like potential, mode of action and effect on tumor-induced xenografts. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:777-91. [PMID: 22416043 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Meisoindigo has been used as an indirubin substitute for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for several years. In view of its poor solubility and erratic absorption, several investigations have focused on developing analogues with more desirable physicochemical profiles. Here, we investigated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of meisoindigo with respect to its antiproliferative activity on leukemic K562 cells and found that appending a phenalkyl side chain onto the lactam NH resulted in analogues that retained good activity. Furthermore, analogues in which the phenyl ring was substituted with a basic heterocycle were significantly more soluble than meisoindigo while retaining acceptable antiproliferative profiles. The most promising analogue (E)-1-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-[3,3'-biindolinylidene]-2,2'-dione (5-4) is more potent than meisoindigo across a panel of malignant cells, with at least 40 times greater solubility than meisoindigo, little or no tendency to aggregate in solution and capable of significantly extending the lifespans of animals with K562 induced xenografts. Mechanistically, it induced apoptotic cell death and disrupted the progression of K562 cells from the G(1) to G(2) phase. Taken together, our findings highlighted the feasibility of addressing the physicochemical deficits of the isoindigo scaffold by systematic modifications which was achieved without overt loss of growth inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kai Wee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang JM, Zhang XJ, Xu ZH, Tian JH. Radiosynthesis of N-11C-meisoindigotin as a novel PET agent for imaging of cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
16
|
A convenient synthetic route from isatin N-Mannich bases to nitrogen-containing derivatives of isoindigo. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-010-0416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Lee CC, Lin CP, Lee YL, Wang GC, Cheng YC, Liu HE. Meisoindigo is a promising agent with in vitro and in vivo activity against human acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:897-905. [PMID: 20233051 DOI: 10.3109/10428191003672115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Meisoindigo, a derivative of Indigo naturalis, has been used in China for chronic myeloid leukemia. In vitro cell line studies have shown that this agent might induce apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we explored its mechanisms and potential in AML. NB4, HL-60, and U937 cells and primary AML cells were used to examine its effects and the NOD/SCID animal model was used to evaluate its in vivo activity. Meisoindigo inhibited the growth of leukemic cells by inducing marked apoptosis and moderate cell-cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase. It down-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax and cell-cycle related proteins, p21and p27. Furthermore, it induced myeloid differentiation, as demonstrated by morphologic changes, up-regulation of CD11b, and increased nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in all cell lines tested. In addition, meisoindigo down-regulated the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, cytarabine and idarubicin. As with the results from cell lines, meisoindigo also induced apoptosis, up-regulated p21 and p27, and down-regulated Bcl-2 in primary AML cells. The in vivo anti-leukemic activity of meisoindigo was also demonstrated by decreased spleen size in a dose-dependent manner. Taking these results together, meisoindigo is a potential agent for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Cheng Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang M, Lee YS, Ho PC. Identification of circulatory and excretory metabolites of meisoindigo in rat plasma, urine and feces by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:729-741. [PMID: 20169560 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Meisoindigo has been a routine therapeutic agent in the clinical treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in China since the 1980s. However, information relevant to in vivo metabolism of meisoindigo is absent so far. In this study, in vivo circulatory metabolites of meisoindigo in rat plasma, as well as excretory metabolites in rat urine and feces, were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Integration of multiple reaction monitoring with conventional metabolic profiling methodology was adopted to enable a more sensitive detection of in vivo metabolites. By comparing with the MS/MS spectra and retention times of the in vitro reduced metabolites, the major metabolites in rat plasma were proposed to form from 3,3' double bond reduction, whereas the minor metabolites were formed from reduction followed by N-demethylation, and reduction followed by phenyl mono-oxidation. The major metabolites in the rat urine were proposed to form from reduction followed by phenyl mono-oxidation, and its glucuronide conjugation and sulfate conjugation, whereas the minor metabolites were formed from 3,3' double bond reduction, N-demethylation, reduction followed by N-demethylation, phenyl di-oxidation, phenyl mono-oxidation and its glucuronide conjugation and sulfate conjugation. The major metabolites in the rat feces were proposed to form from reduction followed by phenyl mono-oxidation, whereas the minor metabolites were formed from reduction followed by N-demethylation, and reduction followed by phenyl di-oxidation. The phase I metabolic pathways showed a significant in vitro-in vivo correlation in rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen F, Li L, Ma D, Yan S, Sun J, Zhang M, Ji C, Hou M. Imatinib achieved complete cytogenetic response in a CML patient received 32-year indirubin and its derivative treatment. Leuk Res 2009; 34:e75-7. [PMID: 19773083 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
Huang M, Ho PC. Identification of metabolites of meisoindigo in rat, pig and human liver microsomes by UFLC-MS/MS. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1418-28. [PMID: 19426681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
3-(1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-indol-2-one, abbreviated as meisoindigo, has been a routine therapeutic agent in the clinical treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in China since the 1980s. To gain an understanding of the interspecies differences in the metabolism of meisoindigo, the relevant metabolism studies were carried out for the first time in rat, pig and human liver microsomes of different genders by ultra fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). The qualitative metabolite identification was accomplished by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in combination with Enhanced Product Ion (EPI). The semi-quantitative metabolic stability and metabolite formation were simultaneously measured by MRM. The in vitro metabolic pathways of meisoindigo in three species were proposed as 3,3' double bond reduction, followed by N-demethylation, and reduction followed by phenyl mono-oxidation. Two novel metabolic pathways involving direct phenyl mono-oxidation without reduction in the three species, and direct N-demethylation without reduction in only pig and human, were also proposed. It may be noted that the two metabolites formed after reduction followed by phenyl mono-oxidation at positions 4, 5, 6 or 7, as well as one metabolite formed from direct phenyl mono-oxidation at either of the two phenyl rings without reduction were found to be uniquely present in human. The in vitro t(1/2) and in vitro CL(int) values of meisoindigo were calculated. Statistical analysis showed there were no significant differences in the metabolic stability profiles of meisoindigo among three species, and gender effect on the metabolic stability of meisoindigo was negligible. Formation profiles of the most significant reductive metabolites were obtained in the three species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang M, Goh LT, Ho PC. Identification of Stereoisomeric Metabolites of Meisoindigo in Rat Liver Microsomes by Achiral and Chiral Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:2171-84. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.021956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Xiao Z, Wang Y, Lu L, Li Z, Peng Z, Han Z, Hao Y. Anti-angiogenesis effects of meisoindigo on chronic myelogenous leukemia in vitro. Leuk Res 2005; 30:54-9. [PMID: 15982734 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meisoindigo, an active compound of a Chinese anti-leukemia medicine, has been effectively used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Increasing evidences have demonstrated that angiogenesis is an important pathobiologic feature of CML. The anti-angiogenesis effect of meisoindigo on CML is unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of meisoindigo on the apoptosis, adherence and differentiation of endothelial cells as well as the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by CML cells. We found that VEGF level, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was higher in bone marrow plasma from CML patients compared with the healthy controls (334.83+/-23.09 ng/L versus 102.36+/-38.76 ng/L, P<0.01). CML cell VEGF production was decreased after CML cells were treated with 10 micromol/L meisoindigo compared with the controls (212.10+/-46.13 ng/L versus 293.75+/-64.79 ng/L, P<0.05). Ten micromole per liter of meisoindigo could induce time-dependent apoptosis of ECV304 cells determined by annexin-V. Treatment of ECV304 cells with meisoindigo for 48 h reduced the number of adherent cells and the expression of VCAM-1 compared with the control cells (43.78+/-9.09% versus 73.51+/-3.21%, P<0.05). Meisoindigo also inhibited tubule formation of HUVECs in an in vitro Matrigel after HUVECs were incubated with meisoindigo for 6 h. Our findings suggest that meisoindigo could inhibit angiogeneic process through decreasing the VEGF secretion in leukemic cells and also through inhibiting the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of endothelial cells, causing the interruption of a reciprocal stimulatory loop between leukemic and endothelial cells. This effect may contribute to the anti-leukemic effect of this drug.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiao Z, Hao Y, Liu B, Qian L. Indirubin and meisoindigo in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in China. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1763-8. [PMID: 12685829 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize our experience and the current knowledge on the clinical results of Indirubin, a minor active constituent of a well-know traditional Chinese prescription, Ganggui Luhui Wan, and its analogue, Meisoindigo, in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in China. Indirubin and meisoindigo induced hematologic remission in patients with chronic phase (CP) CML as effective as hydroxyurea and busulfan, in addition, there were no significant differences in median duration of CP, median survival and blast crisis at 60 months from diagnosis in indirubin, meisoindigo, hydroxyurea and busulfan treated groups. However, when meisoindigo was combined with hydroxyurea, there was evidence of a significantly prolonged median duration of CP, median survival and a reduced incidence of blast crisis at 60 months compared with busulfan, meisoindigo and hydroxyurea alone. The critical mechanisms of indirubin and meisoindigo action have not yet been identified. Both antiproliferative and induced apoptosis mechanisms have been described. Further research, especially randomized trials, are required to confirm the role of indirubin and meisoindigo in the treatment of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|