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Heydari SR, Ghahremani MH, Atyabi F, Bafkary R, Jaafari MR, Dinarvand R. Aptamer-modified chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for co-delivery of cytarabine and daunorubicin in leukemia. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123495. [PMID: 37806507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared for the targeted delivery of the anticancer agents, daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (CTR), against K562 leukemia cancer cell lines. The MSNs were surface-modified with pH-sensitive chitosan (CS) to prevent the burst release of anticancer agents at the physiological pH of 7.4 and to enable a higher drug release at lower pH and higher concentration of glutathione. Finally, the MSNs were surface modified with KK1B10 aptamer (Apt) to enhance their uptake by K562 cells through ligand-receptor interactions. The MSNs were characterized using different methods and both in vitro and in vivo experiments were utilized to demonstrate their suitability as targeted anticancer agents. The resultant MSNs exhibited an average particle size of 295 nm, a surface area of 39.06 m2/g, and a cumulative pore volume of 0.09 cm3/g. Surface modification of MSNs with chitosan (CS) resulted in a more regulated and acceptable continuous release rate of DNR. The drug release rate was significantly higher at pH 5 media enriched with glutathione, compared to pH 7.4. Furthermore, MSNs coated with CS and conjugated with aptamer (MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt) exhibited a lower IC50 value of 2.34 µg/ml, compared to MSNs without aptamer conjugation, which displayed an IC50 value of 12.27 µg/ml. The results of the cell cycle analysis indicated that the administration of MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt led to a significant increase in the population of apoptotic cells in the sub-G1 phase. Additionally, the treatment arrested the remaining cells in various other phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the interactions between Apt-receptors were found to enhance the uptake of MSNs by cancer cells. The results of in vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of MSN-DNR + CTR@CS-Apt led to a significant reduction in the expression levels of CD71 and CD235a markers, as compared to MSN-DNR + CTR@CS (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the surface modified MSNs prepared in this study showed lower IC50 against cancer cell lines and higher anticancer activity in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Heydari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bafkary
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
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2
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Xia Y, An J, Li J, Gu W, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao C, Xu Y, Li B, Zhong Z, Meng F. Transferrin-guided intelligent nanovesicles augment the targetability and potency of clinical PLK1 inhibitor to acute myeloid leukemia. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:499-510. [PMID: 36185744 PMCID: PMC9494038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a most lethal hematological malignancy, partly because of its slow development of targeted therapies compared with other cancers. PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib (Vol), is among the few molecular targeted drugs granted breakthrough therapy status for AML; however, its fast clearance and dose-limiting toxicity greatly restrain its clinical benefits. Here, we report that transferrin-guided polymersomes (TPs) markedly augment the targetability, potency and safety of Vol to AML. Vol-loaded TPs (TPVol) with 4% transferrin exhibited best cellular uptake, effective down-regulation of p-PLK1, p-PTEN and p-AKT and superior apoptotic activity to free Vol in MV-4-11 leukemic cells. Intravenous injection of TPVol gave 6-fold higher AUC than free Vol and notable accumulation in AML-residing bone marrow. The efficacy studies in orthotopic MV-4-11 leukemic model demonstrated that TPVol significantly reduced leukemic cell proportions in periphery blood, bone marrow, liver and spleen, effectively enhanced mouse survival rate, and impeded bone loss. This transferrin-guided nano-delivery of molecular targeted drugs appears to be an interesting strategy towards the development of novel treatments for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xia
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jingnan An
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, PR China
| | - Wenxing Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Songsong Zhao
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Cenzhu Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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3
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Argenziano M, Tortora C, Paola AD, Pota E, Martino MD, Pinto DD, Leva CD, Rossi F. Eltrombopag and its iron chelating properties in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1377-1387. [PMID: 34262648 PMCID: PMC8274721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 20% of total childhood leukemia diagnoses and is characterized by poor prognosis with a long-term survival rate around the 50%, when patients are properly treated. The standard treatment for pediatric AML currently consists in a combination of cytarabine (Ara-C) and antracycline. Iron plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Targeting iron and its metabolism mediators could be a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer.Deferasirox (DFX) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and its use as an antiblastic drug could be suggested. Eltrombopag (ELT), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist used in immunethrombocytopenia, shows anticancer properties related to its emerging iron chelating properties. We compare the anticancer effect of classically used cytarabine with DFX and ELT effects in a pediatric AML cell line, THP-1, in order to identify innovative and more effective therapeutic strategies. ELT and DFX reduce intracellular iron concentration by inhibiting its uptake and by promoting its release. In particular, even though further investigations are needed to better understand the extact underlying action mechanisms, we demonstrated that ELT improves cytarabine antineoplastic activity in pediatric AML cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Elvira Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Pinto
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Leva
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80138, Italy
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Weber S, Parmon A, Kurrle N, Schnütgen F, Serve H. The Clinical Significance of Iron Overload and Iron Metabolism in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:627662. [PMID: 33679722 PMCID: PMC7933218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.627662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplasticsyndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases leading to an insufficient formation of functional blood cells. Disease-immanent factors as insufficient erythropoiesis and treatment-related factors as recurrent treatment with red blood cell transfusions frequently lead to systemic iron overload in MDS and AML patients. In addition, alterations of function and expression of proteins associated with iron metabolism are increasingly recognized to be pathogenetic factors and potential vulnerabilities of these diseases. Iron is known to be involved in multiple intracellular and extracellular processes. It is essential for cell metabolism as well as for cell proliferation and closely linked to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, iron can influence the course of clonal myeloid disorders, the leukemic environment and the occurrence as well as the defense of infections. Imbalances of iron homeostasis may induce cell death of normal but also of malignant cells. New potential treatment strategies utilizing the importance of the iron homeostasis include iron chelation, modulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism, induction of leukemic cell death via ferroptosis and exploitation of iron proteins for the delivery of antileukemic drugs. Here, we provide an overview of some of the latest findings about the function, the prognostic impact and potential treatment strategies of iron in patients with MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Parmon
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Dong X, Zhang D, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Chen T, Zhou H. Immune prognostic risk score model in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:380. [PMID: 33154778 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (NK-AML) is a group of diseases with high heterogeneity and immunological processes are significantly associated with its initiation and development. The implication of the immunogenomic landscape in the prognosis of patients with NK-AML has remained largely elusive. In the present study, the expression profiles of immune-related genes (IRGs) were examined and their association with overall survival (OS) was determined in 60 patients with NK-AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and 104 patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset no. GSE71014. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify 42 and 203 IRGs in the two respective cohorts, which were significantly associated with OS in NK-AML. A risk model was constructed based on the regression coefficient and expression values of nine survival-associated IRGs shared between the two datasets [zinc finger CCCH-type containing, antiviral 1 like; transferrin receptor; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; roundabout guidance receptor 3; unc-93 homolog B1, Toll-like receptor signaling regulator; protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6; interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA) and IL3RA]. Using this risk model, patients with NK-AML may be divided into high- and low-risk groups in prognostic predictions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting OS was 0.793. The prognostic role of this risk model was successfully verified in another independent cohort (GEO dataset no. GSE71014). The prognostic risk score was positively associated with age and fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 mutation and correlated with infiltration by T regulatory cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided an IRG score model for prognostic stratification of adult patients with NK-AML, as well as further insight into the implication of IRGs in NK-AML that may lead to the development of novel immunotherapy approaches for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Hebing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
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6
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Carulli G, Sammuri P, Domenichini C, Rousseau M, Ottaviano V, Ferreri MI, Azzarà A, Caracciolo F, Petrini M. Morphologic and immunophenotypic features of a case of acute monoblastic leukemia with unusual positivity for Glycophorin-A. Hematol Rep 2018; 10:7823. [PMID: 30631409 PMCID: PMC6297862 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2018.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL) is characterized by cells with highly undifferentiated morphology. Cytochemistry with non-specific esterases is negative in up to 20% of cases. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has an essential role in diagnosing such a subtype of leukemia and a multiparametric approach with a wide monoclonal antibody panel is necessary. We describe a case of AMoL with morphology resembling either plasma blasts or very immature erythroblasts. Diagnosis was made by alpha-naphtyl-acetate esterase staining and with immunophenotyping, which was made with a wide monoclonal antibody panel. Blasts were positive for monocytic markers. Most of leukemic cells, however, were positive for Glycophorin-A. The presence of Glycophorin-A, which is considered as a specific marker of the erythroid lineage, has never been reported previously in cases of AMoL. This peculiar immunophenotype might be interpreted as deriving from a common myelo-erythroid precursor undergone leukemic transformation.
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7
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Yang Z, Yu B, Zhu J, Huang X, Xie J, Xu S, Yang X, Wang X, Yung BC, Lee LJ, Lee RJ, Teng L. A microfluidic method to synthesize transferrin-lipid nanoparticles loaded with siRNA LOR-1284 for therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9742-9751. [PMID: 25003978 PMCID: PMC4312591 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The siRNA LOR-1284 targets the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) and has shown promise in cancer therapy. In this study, transferrin (Tf) conjugated lipid nanoparticles (Tf-NP-LOR-1284) were synthesized by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) and evaluated for the targeted delivery of LOR-1284 siRNA into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The in vitro study showed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 can protect LOR-1284 from serum nuclease degradation. Selective uptake of Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was observed in MV4-11 cells. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blot results revealed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was more effective than the free LOR-1284 in reducing the R2 mRNA and protein levels. The Tf-NP-LOR-1284 showed prolonged circulation time and increased AUC after i.v. administration relative to the free LOR-1284. Furthermore, Tf-NP-LOR-1284 facilitated increased accumulation at the tumor site along with the decreased R2 mRNA and protein expression in a murine xenograft model. These results suggest that Tf-conjugated NPs prepared by MHF provide a suitable platform for efficient and specific therapeutic delivery of LOR-1284 into AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Khwaja SS, Liu H, Tong C, Jin F, Pear WS, van Deursen J, Bram RJ. HIV-1 Rev-binding protein accelerates cellular uptake of iron to drive Notch-induced T cell leukemogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2537-48. [PMID: 20516639 DOI: 10.1172/jci41277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic activating mutations in Notch1 contribute to the pathogenesis of T cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), but how activated Notch1 signaling exerts this oncogenic effect is not completely understood. Here we identify HIV-1 Rev-binding protein (Hrb), a component of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery, as a critical mediator of Notch-induced T-ALL development in mice. Hrb was found to be a direct transcriptional target of Notch1, and Hrb loss reduced the incidence or delayed the onset of T-ALL in mouse models in which activated Notch1 signaling either contributes to or drives leukemogenesis. Consistent with this observation, Hrb supported survival and proliferation of hematopoietic and T cell precursor cells in vitro. We demonstrated that Hrb accelerated the uptake of transferrin, which was required for upregulation of the T cell protooncogene p21. Indeed, iron-deficient mice developed Notch1-induced T-ALL substantially more slowly than control mice, further supporting a critical role for iron uptake during leukemogenesis. Taken together, these results reveal that Hrb is a critical Notch target gene that mediates lymphoblast transformation and disease progression via its ability to satisfy the enhanced demands of transformed lymphoblasts for iron. Further, our data suggest that Hrb may be targeted to improve current treatment or design novel therapies for human T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq S Khwaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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9
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Pandey MK, Sung B, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Gambogic acid, a novel ligand for transferrin receptor, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis through modulation of the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. Blood 2007; 110:3517-25. [PMID: 17673602 PMCID: PMC2077305 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone derived from the resin of the Garcinia hanburyi, has been recently demonstrated to bind transferrin receptor and exhibit potential anticancer effects through a signaling mechanism that is not fully understood. Because of the critical role of NF-kappaB signaling pathway, we investigated the effects of GA on NF-kappaB-mediated cellular responses and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products in human leukemia cancer cells. Treatment of cells with GA enhanced apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and chemotherapeutic agents, inhibited the expression of gene products involved in antiapoptosis (IAP1 and IAP2, Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and TRAF1), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), invasion (COX-2 and MMP-9), and angiogenesis (VEGF), all of which are known to be regulated by NF-kappaB. GA suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by various inflammatory agents and carcinogens and this, accompanied by the inhibition of TAK1/TAB1-mediated IKK activation, inhibited IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation, suppressed p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and finally abrogated NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. The NF-kappaB activation induced by TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, NIK, TAK1/TAB1, and IKKbeta was also inhibited. The effect of GA mediated through transferrin receptor as down-regulation of the receptor by RNA interference reversed its effects on NF-kappaB and apoptosis. Overall our results demonstrate that GA inhibits NF-kappaB signaling pathway and potentiates apoptosis through its interaction with the transferrin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wada S, Noguchi T, Takeno S, Kawahara K. PIK3CA and TFRC Located in 3q Are New Prognostic Factors in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13:961-6. [PMID: 16788758 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of the chromosome 3q seems to occur frequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study analyzed the clinical effect of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for PIK3CA (the gene that encodes phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase catalytic alpha-polypeptide) and TFRC (the gene that encodes the transferrin receptor), which map within chromosome 3q in ESCC. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues were examined. Total RNAs were extracted, and reverse transcription products were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification of beta-actin, PIK3CA, and TFRC. RESULTS Expression of beta-actin mRNA was detected in 67 (55.8%) of 120 samples, with PIK3CA mRNA expression in 22 (32.8%) of these 67 samples and TFRC mRNA expression in 15 (22.4%) of the 67 samples. PIK3CA mRNA expression correlated with regional lymph node metastasis (P = .04). TFRC mRNA expression correlated with distant metastasis (P = .04). Patients with positive results for either PIK3CA or TFRC mRNA displayed a significantly worse prognosis than patients with negative results (PIK3CA, P = .045; TFRC, P = .009). TFRC mRNA expression represented an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P = .0233), but PIK3CA did not (P = .7585). CONCLUSIONS PIK3CA and TFRC mRNA represent prognostic factors in patients with ESCC. TFRC mRNA offers an independent prognostic factor, and expression may have clinically important implications.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Wada
- Department of Oncological Science (Surgery 2), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasamam-machi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
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11
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Smilevska T, Stamatopoulos K, Samara M, Belessi C, Tsompanakou A, Paterakis G, Stavroyianni N, Athanasiadou I, Chiotoglou I, Hadzidimitriou A, Athanasiadou A, Douka V, Saloum R, Laoutaris N, Anagnostopoulos A, Fassas A, Stathakis N, Kollia P. Transferrin receptor-1 and 2 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2005; 30:183-9. [PMID: 16054692 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor (TfR)-1 and 2 mRNA and CD71 (TfR1) expression was analyzed in 118 CLL patients. Ninety-five out of 109 analyzed cases expressed CD71, mostly at a high level; 60% of CD71 (+) cases were IGH-mutated. All samples were TfR1 mRNA (+); TfR2-alpha/beta mRNA was detected in, respectively, 52/102 and 100/109 cases. Competitive RT-PCR showed widely divergent levels of TfR1 mRNA in cases with high CD71 expression, alluding to post-transcriptional control of TfR1 expression in CLL. The almost uniformly high CD71 expression in CLL is in keeping with the activated status of neoplastic cells, regardless of IGH mutational load.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Transferrin/analysis
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Smilevska
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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12
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Nakamaki T, Kawabata H, Saito B, Matsunawa M, Suzuki J, Adachi D, Tomoyasu S, Phillip Koeffler H. Elevated levels of transferrin receptor 2 mRNA, not transferrin receptor 1 mRNA, are associated with increased survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:42-9. [PMID: 15015967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is a type II membrane protein that mediates cellular iron uptake. Transferrin receptor 2(TfR2), another receptor for transferrin (Tf), has recently been cloned. We examined expression levels of TfR1, TfR2-alpha (membrane form) and TfR2-beta (non-membrane form) transcripts in cells from 67 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and correlated the results with a variety of clinical features and disease outcomes of these patients. Significant correlations were noted between the levels of both TfR1 and TfR2-alpha (r = 0.771, P < 0.001) and TfR1 and TfR2-beta (r = 0.534, P < 0.001). Unexpectedly, initial white blood cell (WBC) counts were inversely correlated with levels of expression of either TfR1(r = -0.357, P = 0.003), TfR2-alpha (r = -0.486, P < 0.0001), or TfR2-beta (r = -0.435, P = 0.0003). Only TfR2 expression was significantly associated with either serum iron (r = -0.270, P = 0.045) or serum ferritin (r = -0.364, P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses using Cox's proportional hazard model showed that elevated TfR2-alpha, but not TfR1 or TfR2-beta mRNA levels significantly contributed to a better prognosis for AML patients. Furthermore, a group with high expression levels of both TfR2-alpha and TfR2-beta survived significantly longer than a group without high expression of both of them (P < 0.01 by log-rank). The present study suggests that (i) TfRs-independent iron uptake might have an important role in in vivo proliferation of AML cells; (ii) expression of TfR2 (especially the alpha form) is a novel prognostic factor for patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nakamaki
- Department of Haematology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Beillard E, Pallisgaard N, van der Velden VHJ, Bi W, Dee R, van der Schoot E, Delabesse E, Macintyre E, Gottardi E, Saglio G, Watzinger F, Lion T, van Dongen JJM, Hokland P, Gabert J. Evaluation of candidate control genes for diagnosis and residual disease detection in leukemic patients using 'real-time' quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) - a Europe against cancer program. Leukemia 2004; 17:2474-86. [PMID: 14562124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR) is a sensitive tool to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in leukemic patients through the amplification of a fusion gene (FG) transcript. In order to correct variations in RNA quality and quantity and to calculate the sensitivity of each measurement, a control gene (CG) transcript should be amplified in parallel to the FG transcript. To identify suitable CGs, a study group within the Europe Against Cancer (EAC) program initially focused on 14 potential CGs using a standardized RQ-PCR protocol. Based on the absence of pseudogenes and the level and stability of the CG expression, three genes were finally selected: Abelson (ABL), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and beta-glucuronidase (GUS). A multicenter prospective study on normal (n=126) and diagnostic leukemic (n=184) samples processed the same day has established reference values for the CG expression. A multicenter retrospective study on over 250 acute and chronic leukemia samples obtained at diagnosis and with an identified FG transcript confirmed that the three CGs had a stable expression in the different types of samples. However, only ABL gene transcript expression did not differ significantly between normal and leukemic samples at diagnosis. We therefore propose to use the ABL gene as CG for RQ-PCR-based diagnosis and MRD detection in leukemic patients. Overall, these data are not only eligible for quantification of fusion gene transcripts, but also for the quantification of aberrantly expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beillard
- Department of Hematological Biology, Institute Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
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14
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Kollia P, Samara M, Stamatopoulos K, Belessi C, Stavroyianni N, Tsompanakou A, Athanasiadou A, Vamvakopoulos N, Laoutaris N, Anagnostopoulos A, Fassas A. Molecular evidence for transferrin receptor 2 expression in all FAB subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2003; 27:1101-3. [PMID: 12921947 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(03)00100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined transferrin receptor (TfR) 1 and TfR2 mRNA expression in 50 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by RT-PCR, with primers specific for exons 15-17 (TfR1), 3-5 (TfR2-alpha) and 4-5 (TfR2-beta) of the corresponding gene. There were 4/50 TfR1-negative (-), 3/50 TfR2-alpha mRNA (-) and 13/50 TfR2-beta mRNA (-) cases; only three cases were TfR1/2 mRNA (-). No significant correlations were identified between TfR2-beta mRNA negativity and specific FAB subtypes, karyotype or attainment of complete remission. These findings suggest that: (i) TfR2 expression is not restricted to erythroid cells, and (ii) iron import proteins might complement each other in AML cells.
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