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Pratama YA, Dinina F, Nurhan AD, Sari WF, Ardianto C, Khotib J. Effectiveness of Indonesian house dust mite allergenic extract in triggering allergic rhinitis sensitivity in a mouse model: A preliminary study. Vet World 2022; 15:2333-2341. [PMID: 36341054 PMCID: PMC9631360 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2333-2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with inflammation mediated by immunoglobulin E in the nasal mucosa caused by house dust mites. Recently, allergen immunotherapy showed promising allergic healing in patients with a definite history of sensitization. Based on this finding, a product was developed using Indonesian house dust mite (IHDM). This study aimed to optimize the allergenic rhinitis mouse model that was generated using IHDM to test the in vivo sensitivity and safety of this product. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of mice were used for effectiveness testing – normal, negative control with IHDM challenge, positive control with 0.1% histamine challenge, and AR group by both IHDM-induced sensitization at 12.5, 50, 250, or 500 μg and IHDM challenge. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of IHDM once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, the challenge was given intranasally 5 times on alternate days. The number of nose rubbing and sneezing was noted. Eosinophil infiltration was assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA in the nasal mucosa was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The induction of AR with IHDM significantly increased the number of nose rubbing and sneezing in the mouse model. Eosinophil infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa; however, no significant change occurred in the expression of IL-5 mRNA. Conclusion: Overall, these data indicate that IHDM allergenic extract could be an effective sensitizing agent in a mouse model of AR. Although the use of IHDM is a limitation of this study because other sources of house dust mites might have different effects, this study provides a proper model for immunotherapy effectivity testing for in vivo pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Alif Pratama
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fakhriyah Dinina
- Bachelor Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Winda Fatma Sari
- Bachelor Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cold Thermal Therapy on Allergic Skin Inflammation Induced by Trimellitic Anhydride in BALB/c Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1936769. [PMID: 30833826 PMCID: PMC6369506 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1936769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold and hot thermal therapies are widely used as a traditional therapy in many cultures and are often prescribed in the treatment of various musculoskeletal and neurological conditions which present themselves to primary care physicians. However, there are no reports that investigated either the effects of cold and hot thermal therapies on the skin inflammation of trimellitic anhydride- (TMA-) induced dermatitis-like contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model, or the mechanism of thermal therapy on allergic skin inflammation. Therefore, in this study, to reveal the anti-inflammatory effect of thermal therapy and its mechanism on TMA-induced CHS, we analyzed ear-swelling response (ear edema), vascular permeability, serum IgE levels, histological examination, and histamine and Th2 cytokine levels. Cold thermal therapy reduced the ear-swelling response, the vascular permeability, the serum IgE levels, and the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells as well as the mast cell degranulation. To determine the mechanism by which cold thermal therapy inhibits allergic skin inflammation, detailed studies were carried out revealing that cold thermal therapy suppressed IL-4 and IL-5 secretion and mast cell activation. These results indicated that cold thermal therapy cures skin inflammation of TMA-induced CHS by decreasing Th2 cytokine release, especially IL-4 and IL-5, and mast cell activation. These data suggest that new insight into the mechanism of robust therapeutic effects of cold thermal therapy against allergic dermatitis, and cold thermal therapy may prove to be a useful therapeutic modality on allergic inflammatory diseases as traditional use as well as Th2- or mast cell-mediated allergic responses.
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Skullcapflavone II attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis through the blocking of Th2 cytokine production and mast cell histamine release. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:77-84. [PMID: 28886581 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a common heterogeneous chronic upper airway disorder and is an IgE-mediated inflammation characterized by one or more nasal symptoms such as sneezing, itching, nasal discharge, rhinorrhea, post nasal drainage and nasal blockage. In the present study, the effects of skullcapflavone II (SCFII) on upper airway inflammation, Th2 cytokines, and NF-κB signaling in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) murine model in vivo were investigated. OVA-induced AR mice increased nasal symptoms, eosinophils and mast cells infiltration into nasal cavity, OVA-specific IgE/IgG1 and histamine in serum, Th2 cytokines including IL-13 and GATA3, and NF-κB signaling in NALF and lung homogenate. Interestingly, treatment of SCFII reduced the levels of OVA-specific IgE/IgG1 and histamine in serum, of Th2 cytokines and of NF-κB signaling in the NALF and the lung homogenate, and histopathological changes in the nasal tissue and the lung. Also, dexamethasone suppressed such increases. The results of this study suggested that SCFII may ameliorate allergic inflammation of upper airway in AR mice model by blocking the Th2 cytokine production, the NF-κB signal pathway and the mast cell histamine release. Taken together, we suggest that SCFII may be used as a therapeutic agent for patients with Th2-mediated or mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. O. Eifan
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - S. R. Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
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5
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Ural A, Tezer MS, Yücel A, Atilla H, Ileri F. Interleukin-4, Interleukin-8 and E-selectin Levels in Intranasal Polyposis Patients with and without Allergy: A Comparative Study. J Int Med Res 2016; 34:520-4. [PMID: 17133781 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory upper airway disease with unknown aetiology. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-8 play very significant roles in allergic events and infectious inflammation, respectively. In contrast, E-selectin is important in the initiation and organization of inflammation. In this study, levels of IL-4, IL-8 and E-selectin were measured in nasal mucosa specimens of intranasal polyposis patients with and without allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. Healthy controls had significantly higher IL-4 levels than allergic patients and non-allergic patients; IL-4 levels were similar in allergic and non-allergic patients. Allergic and non-allergic patients had significantly higher IL-8 levels than healthy controls; IL-8 levels were comparable in allergic and non-allergic patients. E-selectin levels were similar in all groups. The infection-based theory, represented by IL-8, seems to be more likely than the allergy-based theory, represented by IL-4, for the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ural
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Zhang Y. Potential therapeutic targets from genetic and epigenetic approaches for asthma. World J Transl Med 2016; 5:14-25. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v5.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder characterised by inflammation of airway and symptoms of wheeze and shortness of breath. Allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are immunoglobulin E (IgE) related diseases. Current therapies targeting asthma rely on non-specific medication to control airway inflammation and prevent symptoms. Severe asthma remains difficult to treat. Genetic and genomic approaches of asthma and IgE identified many novel loci underling the disease pathophysiology. Recent epigenetic approaches also revealed the insights of DNA methylation and chromatin modification on histones in asthma and IgE. More than 30 microRNAs have been identified to have regulating roles in asthma. Understanding the pathways of the novel genetic loci and epigenetic elements in asthma and IgE will provide new therapeutic means for clinical management of the disease in future.
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7
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Essential Contribution of CD4+ T Cells to Antigen-Induced Nasal Hyperresponsiveness in Experimental Allergic Rhinitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146686. [PMID: 26752722 PMCID: PMC4709066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) is a characteristic feature of allergic rhinitis (AR); however, the pathogenesis of NHR is not fully understood. In this study, during the establishment of an experimental AR model using ovalbumin-immunized and -challenged mice, augmentation of the sneezing reaction in response to nonspecific proteins as well as a chemical stimulant was detected. Whether NHR is independent of mast cells and eosinophils was determined by using mast cell- and eosinophil-deficient mice. NHR was suppressed by treatment with anti-CD4 antibody, suggesting the pivotal contribution of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, antigen challenge to mice to which in vitro-differentiated Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells but not naïve CD4+ T cells had been adoptively transferred led to the development of equivalent NHR. Since antigen-specific IgE and IgG were not produced in these mice and since antigen-specific IgE-transgenic mice did not develop NHR even upon antigen challenge, humoral immunity would be dispensable for NHR. CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AR via induction of NHR, independent of IgE-, mast cell-, and eosinophil-mediated responses.
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8
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Liang L, Willis-Owen SAG, Laprise C, Wong KCC, Davies GA, Hudson TJ, Binia A, Hopkin JM, Yang IV, Grundberg E, Busche S, Hudson M, Rönnblom L, Pastinen TM, Schwartz DA, Lathrop GM, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM. An epigenome-wide association study of total serum immunoglobulin E concentration. Nature 2015; 520:670-674. [PMID: 25707804 PMCID: PMC4416961 DOI: 10.1038/nature14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central mediator of allergic (atopic) inflammation. Therapies directed against IgE can alleviate hay fever and allergic asthma. Genetic association studies have not yet identified novel therapeutic targets or pathways underlying IgE regulation. We therefore surveyed epigenetic associations between serum IgE concentrations and methylation at loci concentrated in CpG islands genome wide in 95 nuclear pedigrees, using DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes. We validated positive results in additional families and in subjects from the general population. Here we show replicated associations--with a meta-analysis false discovery rate less than 10(-4)--between IgE and low methylation at 36 loci. Genes annotated to these loci encode known eosinophil products, and also implicate phospholipid inflammatory mediators, specific transcription factors and mitochondrial proteins. We confirmed that methylation at these loci differed significantly in isolated eosinophils from subjects with and without asthma and high IgE levels. The top three loci accounted for 13% of IgE variation in the primary subject panel, explaining the tenfold higher variance found compared with that derived from large single-nucleotide polymorphism genome-wide association studies. This study identifies novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for patient stratification for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | - Kenny C C Wong
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Thomas J Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5G 0A3
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada ON M5S 1A1
| | - Aristea Binia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Julian M Hopkin
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ivana V Yang
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stephan Busche
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Research Institute, Montréal, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomi M Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - David A Schwartz
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - G Mark Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Anti-allergic effects of So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:123-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Shamji MH, Bellido V, Scadding GW, Layhadi JA, Cheung DKM, Calderon MA, Asare A, Gao Z, Turka LA, Tchao N, Togias A, Phippard D, Durham SR. Effector cell signature in peripheral blood following nasal allergen challenge in grass pollen allergic individuals. Allergy 2015; 70:171-9. [PMID: 25377909 DOI: 10.1111/all.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the time course of inflammatory mediators in nasal fluids following nasal allergen challenge (NAC), whereas the effects of NAC on cells in the periphery are unknown. We examined the time course of effector cell markers (for basophils, dendritic cells and T cells) in peripheral blood after nasal grass pollen allergen challenge. METHODS Twelve participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis underwent a control (diluent) challenge followed by NAC after an interval of 14 days. Nasal symptoms and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were recorded along with peripheral basophil, T-cell and dendritic cell responses (flow cytometry), T-cell proliferative responses (thymidine incorporation), and cytokine expression (FluoroSpot assay). RESULTS Robust increases in nasal symptoms and decreases in PNIF were observed during the early (0-1 h) response and modest significant changes during the late (1-24 h) response. Sequential peaks in peripheral blood basophil activation markers were observed (CD107a at 3 h, CD63 at 6 h, and CD203c(bright) at 24 h). T effector/memory cells (CD4(+) CD25(lo) ) were increased at 6 h and accompanied by increases in CD80(+) and CD86(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Ex vivo grass antigen-driven T-cell proliferative responses and the frequency of IL-4(+) CD4(+) T cells were significantly increased at 6 h after NAC when compared to the control day. CONCLUSION Basophil, T-cell, and dendritic cell activation increased the frequency of allergen-driven IL-4(+) CD4(+) T cells, and T-cell proliferative responses are detectable in the periphery after NAC. These data confirm systemic cellular activation following a local nasal provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - V. Bellido
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - G. W. Scadding
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - J. A. Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - D. K. M. Cheung
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - M. A. Calderon
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - A. Asare
- Immune Tolerance Network; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Z. Gao
- Immune Tolerance Network; Bethesda MD USA
| | - L. A. Turka
- Immune Tolerance Network; Bethesda MD USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - N. Tchao
- Immune Tolerance Network; Bethesda MD USA
| | - A. Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bethesda MD USA
| | | | - S. R. Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Leukocyte Biology; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
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Abstract
Allergic rhinitis, particularly seasonal allergic rhinitis, is considered a classic Th2-mediated disease, with important contributions to pathology by interleukins 4, 5 and 13. As such, allergic rhinitis is an excellent model for studying allergic inflammation, with findings potentially relevant to the mechanism of lower airways inflammation seen in allergic asthma. However, recent evidence has revealed roles for additional non-Th2 cytokines in asthma, including IL-17 family cytokines and epithelial-derived cytokines. Additionally, putative roles for epithelial-derived cytokines and innate lymphoid cells have been described in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Here, evidence for the involvement of different cytokines and cytokine groups in allergic rhinitis is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Scadding
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College, London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK,
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12
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Melo RCN, Liu L, Xenakis JJ, Spencer LA. Eosinophil-derived cytokines in health and disease: unraveling novel mechanisms of selective secretion. Allergy 2013; 68:274-84. [PMID: 23347072 DOI: 10.1111/all.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our understanding of eosinophils has evolved from that of categorically destructive effector cells to include active participation in immune modulation, tissue repair processes, and normal organ development, in both health and disease. At the core of their newly appreciated functions is the capacity of eosinophils to synthesize, store within intracellular granules, and very rapidly secrete a highly diverse repertoire of cytokines. Mechanisms governing the selective secretion of preformed cytokines from eosinophils are attractive therapeutic targets and may well be more broadly applicable to other immune cells. Here, we discuss recent advances in deciphering pathways of cytokine secretion, both from intact eosinophils and from tissue-deposited cell-free eosinophil granules, extruded from eosinophils undergoing a lytic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Liu
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - J. J. Xenakis
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - L. A. Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
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13
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Optimisation of grass pollen nasal allergen challenge for assessment of clinical and immunological outcomes. J Immunol Methods 2012; 384:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Baroody FM, Mucha SM, deTineo M, Naclerio RM. Evidence of Maxillary Sinus Inflammation in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 146:880-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811435972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Allergic rhinitis has been frequently associated with both acute and chronic sinusitis. Previous studies have shown an influx of eosinophils into the maxillary sinus after nasal challenge with allergen. The objective of this study was to determine, in humans, if the development of seasonal allergic inflammation, secondary to natural allergen exposure, leads to similar inflammation within the maxillary sinus. Study Design. Prospective, longitudinal study. Setting. Academic medical center and research laboratory. Subjects and Methods. Eighteen subjects were evaluated in and out of the ragweed allergy season using subjective measures (nasal symptoms, quality of life), nasal secretory response to methacholine challenge, and evaluation of biomarkers in nasal and sinus lavages. Results. The subjects became symptomatic during the season and reported worse quality of life and increased nasal reactivity to methacholine. The total number of eosinophils obtained by nasal lavage during the season (median= 35,691) was significantly higher compared with out of season (median = 2811, P ≤ .02). Similarly, there were significantly more eosinophils, albeit to a lesser magnitude, in the maxillary sinus during the season (median = 4248) compared with the out-of-season samples (median = 370, P ≤ .02). Conclusion. The authors provide evidence that natural exposure to pollen during an individual’s allergy season leads to both nasal and sinus inflammation, strengthening the association between allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. The mechanism of this inflammatory response needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad M. Baroody
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samantha M. Mucha
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcy deTineo
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M. Naclerio
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Changes of Alpha1-Antitrypsin Levels in Allergen-induced Nasal Inflammation. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 4:33-9. [PMID: 21461061 PMCID: PMC3062225 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2011.4.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the main inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, and plays a role in counteracting the tissue damage caused by elastase in local inflammatory conditions. The study evaluated the involvement of AAT in nasal allergic inflammation. METHODS Forty subjects with mono-sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) were enrolled. Twenty allergic rhinitis patients frequently complained of nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, stuffiness, sneezing, and showed positive responses to the nasal provocation test (NPT) with Dpt (Group I). The other 20 asymptomatic patients showed sensitization to Dpt but negative NPT (Group II). The levels of AAT, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and Dpt-specific IgA antibodies were measured in the nasal lavage fluids (NLFs), collected at baseline, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 6 hours after the NPT. Nasal mucosa AAT expression was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining from Group I and Group II. RESULTS At baseline, only the Dpt-specific IgA level was significantly increased in the NLFs of Group I compared with Group II, while ECP and AAT levels were not significantly different between two groups. After Dpt provocation, AAT, ECP, and Dpt-specific IgA levels were significantly increased in the NLFs of Group I during the early and late responses. The protein expression level of AAT was mostly found in the infiltrating inflammatory cells of the nasal mucosa, which was significantly increased in Group I compared to Group II. CONCLUSION The increment of AAT showed a close relationship with the activation of eosinophils induced by allergen-specific IgA in the NLFs of patients with allergic rhinitis after allergen stimulation. These findings implicate AAT in allergen-induced nasal inflammation.
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Novak N, Gros E, Bieber T, Allam JP. Human skin and oral mucosal dendritic cells as 'good guys' and 'bad guys' in allergic immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:28-33. [PMID: 20408854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress achieved by an impressive number of studies focusing upon the ontogenesis and immunobiology of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and other cutaneous dendritic cell (DC) populations as well as DCs at oral mucosal tissue has profoundly revised our understanding of the role of DCs in different tissues and microenvironments. By sensing their environment for microbial signals or allergens and bridging innate and adaptive immunity in a sophisticated manner, subtypes of DCs play a critical role in the maintenance of the immunological homeostasis in the periphery. Thereby, DCs, located directly at the interface to the environment, fulfil opposing tasks as they are key players in both the control and the generation of allergic inflammation. Furthermore, it is under ongoing debate whether DCs attenuate or aggravate allergic inflammation. As a consequence, accumulated knowledge gained in this field within the last few years has provided an excellent basis for innovative therapeutic opportunities which tend to target specifically the multi-faceted properties of DCs at distinct anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Faith A, Singh N, Chevretton E, Roberts D, Lee T, Corrigan C, Hawrylowicz C. Counter regulation of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcepsilonRI, on human airway dendritic cells by IL-4 and IL-10. Allergy 2009; 64:1602-7. [PMID: 19385959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin E is a signalling molecule within the environment of the respiratory tract, the high affinity receptor for which, FcepsilonRI, is expressed by dendritic cells (DC). Little is known, however, of the expression and function of FcepsilonRI on DC in the human respiratory tract. METHODS CD1c(+) DC were purified from surgically resected nasal turbinates of 11 atopic and 12 nonatopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Expression of FcepsilonRI was determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine production by DC was determined by cytometric bead array. RESULTS Expression of FcepsilonRI was significantly elevated on respiratory tract dendritic cells (RTDC) from atopic as compared to nonatopic patients. Activation of RTDC through FcepsilonRI induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was elevated in atopic compared to nonatopic patients studied. Conversely IL-10 production was elevated in nonatopic patients. Concomitant activation of FcepsilonRI and stimulation of RTDC with IL-4 inhibited production of IL-10 by RTDC. Neutralization experiments with anti-IL-10 Ab enhanced whereas addition of exogenous IL-10 to RTDC inhibited FcepsilonRI-mediated inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSION The function of FcepsilonRI on RTDC from patients with rhinosinusitis is susceptible to counter regulation by IL-4 and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faith
- MRC-Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College, London, UK
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18
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Choi GS, Park HJ, Hur GY, Choi SJ, Shin SY, Ye YM, Park HS. Vascular endothelial growth factor in allergen-induced nasal inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:655-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Buske-Kirschbaum A, Ebrecht M, Kern S, Gierens A, Hellhammer DH. Personality characteristics in chronic and non-chronic allergic conditions. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:762-8. [PMID: 18242049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In psycho-allergological research, the potential relevance of personality factors in the maintenance and exacerbation of atopic symptoms is still a matter of debate. The present study aimed to assess personality dimensions in chronic atopic disease, i.e. atopic dermatitis (AD) and in acute manifestation of atopy (seasonal allergic rhinitis, SAR). Further, the association of a potentially atopy-specific personality profile with atopy-relevant biological stress responses should be evaluated. Subjects suffering from AD (n=36), or SAR (n=20) and non-atopic controls (n=37) were investigated. To determine different personality domains, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Questionnaire for Competence and Control (FKK) and the Questionnaire for Stress Vulnerability (MESA) were administered. To assess the relation between these personality dimensions and biological stress responses, atopics and non-atopic controls were exposed to a standardized laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). Endocrine (cortisol, ACTH), immune (total IgE, leukocyte subsets) and physiological (heart rates) measures were recorded before and after the stress test. When compared to healthy controls, AD and SAR patients showed significantly higher trait anxiety (STAI) and stress vulnerability in situations characterized by failure, job overload and social conflicts (MESA). Moreover, AD subjects scored significantly lower in self-competence and self-efficacy (FKK) as well as in recreation ability (MESA). No difference trait anxiety and stress vulnerability could be detected between AD and SAR subjects. Pearson correlational analyses yielded no significant correlation between the different personality domains and the endocrine, physiological and immunological stress responses. However, stress-induced increase in eosinophil number was significantly correlated with the perceived self-competence/self-efficacy in SAR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buske-Kirschbaum
- Department of Biopsychology, Technical University of Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Hybridization is the formation of hybrid nucleic acid molecules with complementary nucleotide sequences in DNA:DNA, DNA:RNA, or RNA:RNA forms. In situ hybridization is a highly sensitive technique that allows detection and localization of specific DNA or RNA molecules in morphologically preserved isolated cells, histological tissue sections, or chromosome preparations. In situ hybridization has broad range of applications and has been used to (a) localize viral infection, (b) identify sites of gene expression, (c) analyze mRNA transcription and tissue distribution, and (d) map gene sequences in chromosomes. There are several advantages of the use of in situ hybridization including the fact that it can be applied to archival materials and frozen tissues and can be combined with immunohistochemistry to detect protein as well as mRNA of interest or phenotype of cells expressing the target genome, detecting more than one nucleic acid sequences using different labeling methods.The major steps involved in in situ hybridization are as follows: probe preparation and labeling, tissue fixation, permeabilization, hybridization, and signal detection and these are described in detail in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayhan T Nouri-Aria
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, UK
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21
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Truyen E, Coteur L, Dilissen E, Overbergh L, Dupont LJ, Ceuppens JL, Bullens DMA. Evaluation of airway inflammation by quantitative Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNA measurement in sputum of asthma patients. Thorax 2006; 61:202-8. [PMID: 16449261 PMCID: PMC2080739 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.052399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways driven by T cell activation. Th2 cells and their cytokines are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of allergic as well as non-allergic asthma. METHODS Airway cells were obtained by sputum induction from 15 healthy and 39 asthmatic individuals and the airway T cell cytokine profiles (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma) at the mRNA level were studied by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS Asthma patients had increased expression of IL-5 (p = 0.001) and IL-13 (p = 0.03) mRNA in sputum compared with non-asthmatic controls. IL-4 mRNA and IFN-gamma mRNA were detectable in the sputum of 44% and 21% of patients, respectively, but not in controls. Sputum IL-10 mRNA levels did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Sputum mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were significantly correlated with the percentage of eosinophils and were higher in subjects with allergic asthma than in those with non-allergic asthma (p = 0.03, p = 0.02 and p = 0.0002, respectively); they did not differ between mild asthmatic subjects and those with moderate to severe asthma. In contrast, IFN-gamma mRNA expression was higher in non-allergic than in allergic patients (p = 0.04) and higher in patients with moderate to severe asthma than in those with mild asthma (p<0.01). Sputum IL-5 mRNA levels (but not the other cytokine mRNA levels) were also correlated with exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and with bronchial hyperreactivity expressed as the histamine concentration resulting in a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. CONCLUSION Real time RT-PCR analysis of mRNA in induced sputum confirms a predominance of Th2 cytokines in both allergic and non-allergic asthma. IL-5 levels reflect eosinophil infiltration as well as eNO levels and hyperreactivity, and levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma indicate asthma severity. The technique is a promising tool for use in further studies of asthma severity and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Truyen
- Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Jones MG, Floyd A, Nouri-Aria KT, Jacobson MR, Durham SR, Taylor AN, Cullinan P. Is occupational asthma to diisocyanates a non-IgE-mediated disease? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:663-9. [PMID: 16522468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to diisocyanates in the workplace is an important cause of occupational asthma. The majority of patients with diisocyanate-induced asthma have no detectable diisocyanate-specific IgE antibodies in serum. There has been much debate as to whether this is due to diisocyanate-induced asthma being mediated by non-IgE mechanisms or whether it is the result of using inappropriate conjugates. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether RNA message for Cepsilon, IL-4, and other associated inflammatory markers could be detected locally within the bronchial mucosa after diisocyanate challenge. METHODS Fiberoptic bronchoscopic bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained at 24 hours after both a control and an active challenge in 5 patients with positive and 7 patients with negative inhalation test responses to diisocyanates. Using both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we determined mRNA for Cepsilon, IL-4, IL-5, and other associated inflammatory markers. RESULTS There was a striking absence of Cepsilon and IL-4 mRNA-positive cells in bronchial biopsy specimens from patients challenged with diisocyanate (Cepsilon median of 0 and interquartile range of 0-1.85; IL-4 median of 0 and interquartile range of 0-0.85). In contrast, there were increased numbers of IL-5-, CD25-, and CD4-positive cells and a trend toward an increase in eosinophils after active challenge with diisocyanate. CONCLUSION We found a striking absence of both bronchial Cepsilon and IL-4 RNA message after inhalation challenge with diisocyanates, irrespective of whether the challenge test response was positive or negative. We propose that diisocyanate-induced asthma is a non-IgE-mediated disease, at least in patients in whom specific IgE antibodies to diisocyanates are undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinir G Jones
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
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23
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Yu X, Sperling A, Blair C, Thompson K, Naclerio R. Antigen stimulation of TH2 cells augments acute bacterial sinusitis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:328-34. [PMID: 15316511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that an ongoing nasal allergic response augmented bacterial sinusitis in mice. In those experiments mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by means of intraperitoneal injections of OVA-alum and then exposed to OVA intranasally before being infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the importance of TH2 cells and to eliminate potential alum effects. METHODS In this study we sensitized mice by adoptively transferring OVA-specific TH2- or TH1-skewed cells. RESULTS TH2 passive sensitization followed by intranasal OVA showed a robust local eosinophilic response (5-fold increase) compared with that seen in mice with only TH2 passive sensitization alone (P <.001). Mice with TH2 passive sensitization and intranasal OVA exposure followed by infection showed an increase in the number of recovered S pneumoniae (P <.05) and an increase in sinus inflammation compared with that seen in those with infection alone (P <.01). In contrast, mice passively sensitized with TH1 followed by intranasal OVA exposure and infection showed no significant increase in the recovery of S pneumoniae and sinus inflammation compared with those with infection alone. CONCLUSIONS These data support the importance of antigen-stimulated TH2 cells in the augmented response to infection in allergic mice. Whether the increased infection is related to the direct effect of TH2 cells and their cytokines or subsequent recruitment of other cells, such as eosinophils, will be determined in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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24
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Ferreira MAR. Cytokine expression in allergic inflammation: systematic review of in vivo challenge studies. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 12:259-67. [PMID: 14760932 PMCID: PMC1781628 DOI: 10.1080/09629350310001619717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic inflammatory responses are driven by cells of the immune system that rely on cytokines to regulate the activity of other immune and structural cells. OBJECTIVE To review published studies to (1) identify cytokines consistently increased after allergen challenge in atopic patients and (2) investigate temporal variation in cytokine expression. METHODS A PUBMED systematic search was used to extract data from studies involving analysis of cytokine expression in fluids or biopsies following in vivo allergen challenge in atopic patients. RESULTS Data were extracted from 82 studies. There were no consistent reports of cytokine protein increase in fluids of patients at 0-1 h after challenge. At 4-12 h, the chemokines eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin (IL)-8 have all been consistently reported to be up-regulated. At 18-24 h after challenge, the lymphokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 are consistently increased when compared with the respective control value. There were no reports of up-regulation in interferon-gamma protein and mRNA and in IL-2 mRNA. CONCLUSION The expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is consistently increased in tissues at 4-12 h after challenge. The influence of this cytokine on antigen capture and presentation by dendritic cells should be further investigated. Additionally, allergen challenge studies are needed that investigate the expression of macrophage-derived chemokine and thymus-regulated and activation-regulated chemokine in tissues of atopic patients. Blocking the effects of these lymphocyte-specific chemokines might provide new therapeutic approaches for the control of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A R Ferreira
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
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25
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Borish L. Allergic rhinitis: systemic inflammation and implications for management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 112:1021-31. [PMID: 14657851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis triggers a systemic increase of inflammation. Within minutes of allergen exposure, immune cells release histamine, proteases, cysteinyl leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Some produce the early symptoms, while others augment the production, systemic circulation, and subsequent infiltration of the nasal mucosa with inflammatory cells that sustain the symptoms. Systemic circulation of inflammatory cells permits their infiltration into other tissues where chemoattractant and adhesion molecules already exist. Consequently, allergic rhinitis is linked to comorbid conditions: asthma, chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis, nasal polyposis, and serous otitis media. Effective therapy should be directed at underlying inflammation and its systemic manifestations. It should improve the rhinitis and the comorbid conditions. Antihistamines relieve early symptoms by blocking basophil- and mast cell-generated histamine, but they do not significantly influence the pro-inflammatory loop. They are often little better than placebo. Oral corticosteroids provide the systemic anti-inflammatory efficacy, but their toxicity precludes such an approach. Intranasal corticosteroids effectively target the local inflammatory processes of rhinitis, reducing local inflammatory cells within the nares, but they do not directly access tissues involved in the comorbid conditions. Leukotriene modifiers have both systemic anti-inflammatory effects and an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Borish
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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26
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Baroody FM. Allergic Rhinitis: Broader Disease Effects and Implications for Management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 128:616-31. [PMID: 12748554 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59980300257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is a burdensome disease for a significant part of the population in both adults and children. Poorly controlled allergic rhinitis can trigger exacerbations of asthma, sinusitis, and otitis media, diseases with which it shares common pathophysiologic elements. Consequently, early diagnosis and treatment should be a priority for patients and physicians, not only to control the symptoms of allergic rhinitis but also to improve the management of associated diseases. Several pharmacologic therapies can be considered in an armamentarium that includes antihistamines (intranasal and systemic), intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergic agents, intranasal steroids, systemic steroids, immunotherapy, and, most recently, leukotriene receptor antagonists. Often, combinations of these treatments are used to maximize control of refractory symptoms.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Comorbidity
- Cost of Illness
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Otitis Media/epidemiology
- Otitis Media/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- Sinusitis/epidemiology
- Sinusitis/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad M Baroody
- Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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27
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Kanaizumi E, Shirasaki H, Sato J, Watanabe K, Himi T. Establishment of animal model of antigen-specific T lymphocyte recruitment into nasal mucosa. Scand J Immunol 2002; 56:376-82. [PMID: 12234258 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DO11.10 transgenic mice, expressing an ovalbumin (OVA)-specific alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR), have been used as a model of various immune diseases associated with T lymphocytes. Some studies of immunoresponse in lung have involved adoptive transfer of DO11.10 mice. As of yet, however, there have been no studies of the adoptive transfer model in the upper airway. The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model to clarify the recruitment mechanism and the roles of Th2 cells in allergic rhinitis. In accordance with the adoptive transfer system, we generated Th0, Th1 and Th2 cells from DO11.10 mice and transferred them into wild type BALB/c mice. Following nasal OVA challenge to DO11.10 mice or to the BALB/c mice into which antigen-specific Th2 cells had been transferred, the number of local antigen-specific TCR-positive cells accompanying the local eosinophilia had significantly increased. However, nasal OVA challenge to BALB/c mice into which antigen-specific Th0 or Th1 cells were transferred failed to increase the number of local OVA-specific TCR positive cells. These observations suggest that an antigen-specific homing mechanism of Th2 cells may exist in nasal mucosa. Analysis of this model will assist in the development of new therapeutic strategy, which targets Th2 cells in allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kanaizumi
- Department of Otolarynology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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28
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Fukuishi N, Matsuhisa M, Shimono T, Murata N, Iwanaga M, Sagara H, Matsui N, Akagi M. Inhibitory effect of olopatadine on antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration and the LFA-1 and Mac-1 expression in eosinophils. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 88:463-6. [PMID: 12046991 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.88.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of olopatadine, a new antiallergic drug, on antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration and its mechanisms were examined using the local sensitized rat allergic rhinitis model and isolated IL-5-stimulated rat peritoneal eosinophils. Olopatadine dose-dependently inhibited antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. Olopatadine dose-dependently repressed the IL-5-induced expressions of CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on rat peritoneal eosinophils. However, olopatadine had no effect on IL-5-induced CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4) expression. These results suggest that olopatadine may inhibit antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration through repression of LFA-1 and Mac-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Fukuishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
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29
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Ma W, Bryce PJ, Humbles AA, Laouini D, Yalcindag A, Alenius H, Friend DS, Oettgen HC, Gerard C, Geha RS. CCR3 is essential for skin eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:621-8. [PMID: 11877470 PMCID: PMC150891 DOI: 10.1172/jci14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2001] [Accepted: 12/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is expressed by eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 cells. We used CCR3(-/-) mice to assess the role of CCR3 in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation induced by repeated epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA), and characterized by eosinophil skin infiltration, local expression of Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen. Eosinophils and the eosinophil product major basic protein were absent from the skin of sham and OVA-sensitized CCR3(-/-) mice. Mast cell numbers and expression of IL-4 mRNA were normal in skin of CCR3(-/-) mice, suggesting that CCR3 is not important for infiltration of the skin by mast cells and Th2 cells. CCR3(-/-) mice produced normal levels of OVA-specific IgE, and their splenocytes secreted normal amounts of IL-4 and IL-5 following in vitro stimulation with OVA, indicating effective generation of systemic Th2 helper responses. Recruitment of eosinophils to lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was severely impaired in CCR3(-/-) mice, which failed to develop AHR to methacholine following antigen inhalation. These results suggest that CCR3 plays an essential role in eosinophil recruitment to the skin and the lung and in the development of AHR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophilia/immunology
- Eosinophilia/pathology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilie Ma
- Division of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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30
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Ma W, Bryce PJ, Humbles AA, Laouini D, Yalcindag A, Alenius H, Friend DS, Oettgen HC, Gerard C, Geha RS. CCR3 is essential for skin eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation. J Clin Invest 2002. [DOI: 10.1172/jci0214097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Benson M, Svensson PA, Carlsson B, Jernås M, Reinholdt J, Cardell LO, Carlsson L. DNA microarrays to study gene expression in allergic airways. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:301-8. [PMID: 11929497 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis results from interactions between a large number of cells and mediators in different compartments of the body. DNA microarrays allow simultaneous measurement of expression of thousands of genes in the same tissue sample. OBJECTIVE To study gene expression in nasal mucosal biopsies from patients with allergic rhinitis using DNA micro-arrays. METHODS Nasal biopsies were obtained from 14 patients with symptomatic birch pollen-induced allergic rhinitis and five healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the biopsies and pooled into one patient pool and one control pool. These were analysed in duplicate with DNA micro-arrays containing more than 12 000 known genes. RESULTS Approximately half of the genes were expressed in the patient and control samples. Guided by the current literature we chose 32 genes of possible relevance to allergic airway inflammation and investigated their relative expression. Among these, transcripts encoding immunoglobulins and their receptors were most abundant. The expression of cytokines and growth factors was low, whereas their corresponding receptors and cell surface markers displayed higher expression levels. IgA had the highest expression of all 12 626 genes. RT-PCR showed that IgA1 was the predominant subclass. This was confirmed by the protein level in nasal fluids. Allergen-specific IgA was significantly higher in patients than in controls and correlated significantly with eosinophil granulae proteins. CONCLUSION DNA micro-array analysis can be used to identify genes of possible relevance to allergic airway inflammation. In this study, the expression profile in the nasal mucosa was quantitatively dominated by immunoglobulins, particularly IgA. Protein analyses in nasal fluids indicated a role for allergen-specific IgA in eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benson
- Allergy Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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32
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Nouri-Aria KT, Irani AM, Jacobson MR, O'brien F, Varga EM, Till SJ, Durham SR, Schwartz LB. Basophil recruitment and IL-4 production during human allergen-induced late asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:205-11. [PMID: 11496235 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.117175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils represent an important source of inflammatory mediators and cytokines after IgE-dependent activation in human beings. OBJECTIVE To assess the role of basophils in allergic asthma, we measured the number of basophils in the bronchial mucosa and their capacity to express IL-4 mRNA and protein during allergen-induced late asthmatic responses. METHODS Fiberoptic bronchoscopic bronchial biopsies were obtained at 24 hours from sites of segmental bronchial allergen challenge and control sites in 19 patients with atopic asthma and 6 nonatopic healthy volunteers. Basophil numbers were assessed by immunohistochemistry through use of mAb 2D7. IL-4 mRNA--positive cells were detected through use of in situ hybridization and colocalized to basophils through use of sequential immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization. IL-4 protein was detected and colocalized to basophils through use of dual immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After allergen challenge, there was an increase in the median number of 2D7-positive basophils per square millimeter in the bronchial mucosa in patients with asthma (0.9 cells/mm(2) at baseline to 8.8 cells/mm(2) after challenge; P =.002), which also was significantly higher than what was seen in nonasthmatic controls (P =.01). Similarly, IL-4 mRNA--positive cells were increased at 24 hours in patients with asthma (1.4 to 14) in comparison with controls (0 to 0; P =.02). Colocalization studies revealed that 15% and 41% of the basophil population in patients with asthma after allergen-challenge expressed, respectively, IL-4 mRNA and protein. Conversely, 19% of IL-4 mRNA-positive cells and 72% of IL-4 protein--positive cells were accounted for by basophils. CONCLUSION After allergen provocation in sensitive patients with atopic asthma, basophils are recruited to the bronchial mucosa and express IL-4 mRNA and protein, which might contribute to local IgE synthesis and/or tissue eosinophilia or other aspects of allergic inflammation during late responses and ongoing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Nouri-Aria
- Department of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College at National Heart & Lung Institute and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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