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Ferraro A, Buonocore SM, Auquier P, Nicolas I, Wallemacq H, Boutriau D, van der Most RG. Role and plasticity of Th1 and Th17 responses in immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2980-2992. [PMID: 31149870 PMCID: PMC6930085 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1613126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human commensal Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of skin/soft tissue and surgical-site infections, and bacteremia. Functional antibodies and T-cell-mediated immunity, particularly Th1/Th17 responses, are thought to mediate protection. Vaccine development may be hindered by modulation of vaccine-induced T cells by pathogen-activated immunoregulatory responses, e.g., via IL-10.We screened SA proteins for CD4+ T-cell-activating and IL-10/IL-17-inducing capacities using healthy donor-derived PBMCs. Responses were characterized (Th1/Th17/Th22/immunosuppressive IL-10-producing cells) using intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Phenotypic plasticity of Th1/Th17 cells was evaluated under pro- or anti-inflammatory conditions using modulatory cytokines. The impact of vaccination on SA-specific memory responses was assessed using samples from a clinical trial evaluating AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted multicomponent (CPS5/CPS8/α-toxin/ClfA) vaccines (NCT01160172).The donors exhibited SA-specific memory T-cell responses, indicative of pre-existing immunity to SA. We identified effective activators of Th1 responses (EbhA/IsaA/SdrE/MntC/Aaa/α-toxin), and Th17 and Th1/Th17 responses (EbhA/IsaA/SdrE and, to a lesser extent, α-toxin), but not of Th22 responses or IL-10 production. MRPII, IsdA, and ClfA were inefficient CD4+ T-cell activators in our assays. IL-10, likely produced by innate immune cells, influenced mainly Th1 cells by suppressing IFN-γ production. The memory CD4+ T-cells observed after long-term stimulation with α-toxin and ClfA indicated that vaccination with these proteins had induced expansion of pre-existing Th1 but not Th17 responses, without apparent adjuvant effect, confirming the trial data. The Th1/Th17-driving proteins (EbhA/IsaA/SdrE) shared low IL-10-promoting abilities and restricted phenotypic plasticity under pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions.Given the complex immunopathology and multiple virulence factors, identification of Th1/Th17-driving antigens, adjuvants and administration routes, and delineation of the role of memory responses, may advance vaccine development.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with specific genetic and immunological mechanisms. The rapid development of new techniques in molecular biology had ushered in new discoveries on the role of cytokines, chemokines, and immune cells in the pathogenesis of AD. New polymorphisms of AD are continually being reported in different populations. The physical and immunological barrier of normal intact skin is an important part of the innate immune system that protects the host against microbials and allergens that are associated with AD. Defects in the filaggrin gene FLG may play a role in facilitating exposure to allergens and microbial pathogens, which may induce Th2 polarization. Meanwhile, Th22 cells also play roles in skin barrier impairment through IL-22, and AD is often considered to be a Th2/Th22-dominant allergic disease. Mast cells and eosinophils are also involved in the inflammation via Th2 cytokines. Release of pruritogenic substances by mast cells induces scratching that further disrupts the skin barrier. Th1 and Th17 cells are mainly involved in chronic phase of AD. Keratinocytes also produce proinflammatory cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which can further affect Th cells balance. The immunological characteristics of AD may differ for various endotypes and phenotypes. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease, and the redundancies of these mechanisms, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease is still incomplete, which is reflected by the absence of a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglei Mu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No11, Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
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He W, Yang C, Xia L, Zhao MZ, Ge RT, Huang H, Ji Q, Yang PC, Liu Z. CD4(+) T cells from food allergy model are resistant to TCR-dependent apoptotic induction. Cytokine 2014; 68:32-9. [PMID: 24787054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4(+) T cell polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergy. How to modulate the skewed CD4(+) T cell polarization is less clear. The specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific remedy for the treatment of allergic diseases; the therapeutic effect is to be improved. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 in enhancing the therapeutic effect of SIT. METHODS A peanut allergy mouse model was developed and treated with SIT or/and IL-18. CD4(+) T cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was observed by quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Interferon-γ in the culture medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fasL gene promoter methylation in CD4(+) T cells was assessed by methylation specific PCR. RESULTS The results showed that lower levels of IL-18 were detected in allergic mice; administration of IL-18 significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of SIT on suppressing the allergic inflammation in the mouse intestine. In the cell culture studies, IL-18 increased the TCR-dependent CD4(+) T cell apoptosis, the expression of FasL in CD4(+) T cells, the production of Interferon-γ and the demethylation of the FasL promoter in CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Administration of IL-18 enhances the effect of SIT on suppressing allergic inflammation in the mouse intestine via enhancing the TCR-dependent CD4(+) T cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Zhao
- Longgang Central Hospital, ENT Hospital, Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong-Ti Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haizheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongmei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Trzeciak M, Gleń J, Bandurski T, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Wilkowska A, Roszkiewicz J. Relationship between serum levels of interleukin-18, IgE and disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:728-32. [PMID: 21689145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine. Synergistically with IL-12, IL-18 promotes immune responses of the T helper type, by enhancing synthesis of interferon-γ and inhibiting IgE production. IL-18 can also enhance production of IL-4 and IL-13 production, and stimulate synthesis of IgE. Moreover, in the presence of IL-3, IL-18 can directly stimulate basophils and mast cells to produce their mediators in an IgE-independent manner. These results indicate a role for IL-18 in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM To examine the association of serum IL-18 with IgE levels and disease severity in patients with AD. METHODS ELISA was used to measure IL-18 and total IgE levels in the sera of 67 patients with AD and 50 healthy volunteers. The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool was used to determine the severity of this disease. RESULTS The mean serum level of IL-18 in study group (155.68 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of controls. IL-18 was also significantly higher in the sera of the patients with severe AD than in those with milder disease. There was a correlation with IgE and IL-18 levels, as patients who had high IgE levels also had high IL-18 levels, compared with controls. CONCLUSION IL-18 seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, but this requires further study. IL-18 could be a useful clinical marker of disease severity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Wang LC, Lin YL, Liang YC, Yang YH, Lee JH, Yu HH, Wu WM, Chiang BL. The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:39. [PMID: 19604415 PMCID: PMC2724478 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis, an ancient herbal medicine, has been reported the beneficial effect both in asthma patients and murine model of asthma, but the mechanism was not clearly understood. In this study, the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the most extensively studied components in propolis, on the functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) was investigated. Results CAPE significantly inhibited IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-10 protein expression in mature healthy human MoDCs stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and IL-12 p40, IL-10, IP-10 stimulated by crude mite extract. CAPE significantly inhibited IL-10 and IP-10 but not IL-12 expression in allergic patients' MoDCs stimulated by crude mite extract. In contrast, the upregulation of costimulatory molecules in mature MoDCs was not suppressed by CAPE. Further, the antigen presenting ability of DCs was not inhibited by CAPE. CAPE inhibited IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activation but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family phosphorylation in human MoDCs. Conclusion These results indicated that CAPE inhibited cytokine and chemokine production by MoDCs which might be related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provided a new insight into the mechanism of CAPE in immune response and the rationale for propolis in the treatment of asthma and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan, Republic of
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Orfali RL, Sato MN, Takaoka R, Azor MH, Rivitti EA, Hanifin JM, Aoki V. Atopic dermatitis in adults: evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation response toStaphylococcus aureusenterotoxins A and B and analysis of interleukin-18 secretion. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:628-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kimura T, Kato Z, Ohnishi H, Tochio H, Shirakawa M, Kondo N. Expression, purification and structural analysis of human IL-18 binding protein: a potent therapeutic molecule for allergy. Allergol Int 2008; 57:367-76. [PMID: 18797176 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.o-08-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses, it can also cause severe allergic inflammatory reactions. Thus it is a molecule currently being targeted for therapy. The natural intrinsic inhibitor of IL-18 receptor activation, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), shows a great potential for the treatment of allergy. METHODS Expression and purification of recombinant human IL-18BP (rhIL-18BP) were performed using the baculovirus system to develop a therapeutic molecule for the treatment of IL-18-related diseases and to investigate the structural basis of its inhibitory mechanism. RESULTS Purified rhIL-18BP potently inhibited the production of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide and by human myelomonocytic KG-1 cells in the presence of IL-18 (IC50 = 0.4 nM). Surface plasmon resonance showed a high affinity (Kd = 0.46 nM) for rhIL-18BP in binding hIL-18. Structural analysis indicated that the stoichiometry between IL-18 and IL-18BP is 1 : 1 in solution and the model structure of the complex suggests that the key residues on IL-18 (L5, K53, S55) and the estimated key residues on IL-18BP (F93,Y97, F104) could have interactions. The structural mechanism of IL-18BP inhibition might be a competition for Site 2 on rIL-18 so that IL-18BP can prevent IL-18 receptor alpha from binding to Site 2 and inhibit IL-18 receptor activation. CONCLUSIONS IL-18BP has unique features with respect to its structure, binding mode and inhibitory mechanism. It is a molecule that has a great potential for the therapy of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Yang L, An X, Wei F, Liu H, Li H, Yu J, Ren X. Expression and purification of recombinant human interleukin-18 protein using a yeast expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 62:44-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim EJ, Lee WM, Ha JS, Ryoo NH, Jeon DS, Kim JR. mRNA expression and RNA editing (2451 C-to-U) of IL-12 receptor beta2 in adult atopic patients. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:1070-4. [PMID: 17179689 PMCID: PMC2721931 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.6.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 activates T helper (Th) 1 cells to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma which inhibits atopic inflammation. IL-12 acts through interaction with its receptor, especially beta(2) subunit. In several studies, the low production of IFN-gamma in peripheral mononuclear cells of atopic patients on response to IL-12 stimulation has been reported. Therefore we investigated the IL-12 receptor beta(2) (IL-12R beta(2)) mRNA expression and RNA editing, nucleotide 2451 C-to-U conversion, to find the cause of low responsiveness to IL-12 in atopy. Quantitative real time PCR for mRNA expression and sequence analysis for RNA editing were performed in 80 atopic patients and 54 healthy controls. The expression of IL-12R beta(2) mRNA was significantly lower in atopic patients than healthy controls (p<0.05). In sequence analysis, RNA editing on nucleotide 2451 was not found from either atopic patients or healthy controls. In additional evaluation, there was no relationship between expression of IL-12R beta(2) mRNA and serum total IgE or blood eosinophil count. Reduced IL-12R beta(2) mRNA expression in atopic patients indicate the reduced capacity to respond to IL-12 which induce IFN-gamma production and this may contribute to Th2-skewed immune response in atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Daegu Kyoungbook Blood Center, Korea Red Cross, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Mok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Sook Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Suk Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Matsukuma E, Kato Z, Omoya K, Hashimoto K, Li A, Yamamoto Y, Ohnishi H, Hiranuma H, Komine H, Kondo N. Development of fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for high throughput screening of interferon-gamma. Allergol Int 2006; 55:49-54. [PMID: 17075286 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.55.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human interferon-gamma (hIFN-gamma) is produced by lymphocytes and has a variety of biological properties. Measurement of hIFN-gamma is widely used for various immunological responses for allergic or autoimmune diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an established immunoassay used to quantify cellular metabolites or cytokines. ELISA requires many incubation and wash steps and is not practically suitable for screening large numbers of samples. METHODS We have developed a fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) method for the detection of hIFN-gamma. We measured the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the hIFN-gamma production by interleukin (IL)-18 binding protein and anti-IL-18 monoclonal antibody. The IC50 described by FLISA was compared with that by ELISA. RESULTS We developed a new system for measuring hIFN-gamma using Allophycocyanine (APC) fluorescent protein and compared it with the previous method using Cy5.5. The proposed FLISA had a smaller coefficient of variation than ELISA, and the means of coefficient of variation using the same samples measured by ELISA and FLISA were, respectively, 11.1% and 3.8%, suggesting that the edge effect often giving non-specific results may be smaller in FLISA than in ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The improved FLISA system proposed is ideally suited for efficient measurements of hIFN-gamma. This homogeneous and multiplex method will be a powerful tool for high throughput screening for drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Matsukuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Lewkowich IP, Rempel JD, HayGlass KT. Prevention of allergen-specific, Th2-biased immune responses in vivo: role of increased IL-12 and IL-18 responsiveness. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:4956-62. [PMID: 16210597 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The factors that control development of adaptive responses to exogenous Ag remain incompletely understood. An ability to selectively direct immunity toward a specific phenotype would be of clinical benefit in numerous immunological disorders. Administration of chemically modified allergen glutaraldehyde-polymerized OVA (OA-POL) leads to >90% reductions in murine IgE and >500-fold increases in IgG2c responses that develop upon subsequent immunization with native Ag. In the present study, we examine the mechanisms underlying this reorientation of the type 2 dominant response that would normally develop. Lack of endogenous IL-12 or IFN-gamma results in markedly reduced induction of IgG2c responses following OA-POL treatment, but only IFN-gamma(-/-) mice demonstrate reduced capacity to prevent IgE induction. This indicates that while both IL-12 and IFN-gamma are critical promoters of type 1 immunity, only IFN-gamma is required to maximally inhibit development of type 2 immune responses. Compared with OVA-immunized mice, CD69(+) T cells from OA-POL-immunized mice demonstrate elevated IL-12Rbeta(2), IL-18Ralpha, and IL-18Rbeta mRNA levels, as well as increased IFN-gamma production in response to rIL-12 or rIL-18 stimulation. Collectively, these data indicate that preventing induction of type 2 immune responses is critically dependent on altered T cell responsiveness to these cytokines. The finding that targeted, Ag-specific manipulation of IL-12 and IL-18 responsiveness can be used to shape the phenotype of the dominant immune response that develops suggests that specifically targeting IL-12 and IL-18 receptor expression may offer clinical options for clinical prophylaxis or intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Lewkowich
- Department of Immunology, Canadian Institutes for Health Research National Training Program in Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Tatebayashi K, Matsui E, Kaneko H, Fukao T, Kasahara K, Kondo N. IL-12B Promoter Polymorphism Associated with Asthma and IL-12B Transcriptional Activity. Allergol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.54.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kato Z, Kondo N. New Methods for Clinical Proteomics in Allergy. Allergol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.54.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Randolph AG, Lange C, Silverman EK, Lazarus R, Silverman ES, Raby B, Brown A, Ozonoff A, Richter B, Weiss ST. The IL12B gene is associated with asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:709-15. [PMID: 15322986 PMCID: PMC1182059 DOI: 10.1086/424886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL12B gene on chromosome 5q31-33 encodes the p40 subunit of interleukin 12, an immunomodulatory cytokine. To test the hypothesis that the IL12B gene contains polymorphisms associated with asthma, we genotyped six haplotype-tagging polymorphisms in the IL12B gene, both in 708 children enrolled in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) and in their parents. Using the family-based association test (FBAT) program and its haplotype (HBAT) and phenotype (PBAT) options, we tested each polymorphism and haplotype for association with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes. We tested positive associations for replication in a case-control study comparing 177 adult moderate-to-severe asthmatics with 177 nonasthmatic controls. In whites in the CAMP cohort, the A allele of the IL12B G4237A polymorphism was undertransmitted to asthmatic children (P=.0008, recessive model), the global test for haplotypes for affection status was positive (P=.009, multiallelic chi (2)), and two polymorphisms were associated with different atopy phenotypes. In addition, we found a strong association between the IL12B_4237 and IL12B_6402 polymorphisms and an asthma-severity phenotype in whites, which we also found in the independent population of white adult asthmatics. IL12B may be an important asthma gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne G Randolph
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Li A, Kato Z, Ohnishi H, Hashimoto K, Matsukuma E, Omoya K, Yamamoto Y, Kondo N. Optimized gene synthesis and high expression of human interleukin-18. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 32:110-8. [PMID: 14680947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Revised: 08/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human interleukin-18 (hIL-18), originally known as an IFN-gamma-inducing factor, is a recently cloned cytokine that is secreted by Kupffer cells of the liver and by stimulated macrophages. We have previously established a method of expression and purification of IL-18. The yield however remains low and the insufficient expression of a heterologous protein could be due to skewed codon usage between the expression host and the cDNA donor. The sequence of mature hIL-18 has 37 a.a. rare codons for Escherichia coli in a total of 157 a.a. To overcome this problem, gene synthesis was performed with optimized codons for the expression host E. coli. The final yield of the hIL-18 protein with optimized codons was about five times higher than the yield with the native sequence. Using a minimal medium, this system produces large quantities of labeled proteins that can be used in NMR analysis. Our simple and efficient production system can be applied to the production of other cytokines for new structural and therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasa 40, Gifu 500-8705, Japan
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Kato Z, Jee J, Shikano H, Mishima M, Ohki I, Ohnishi H, Li A, Hashimoto K, Matsukuma E, Omoya K, Yamamoto Y, Yoneda T, Hara T, Kondo N, Shirakawa M. The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:966-71. [PMID: 14528293 DOI: 10.1038/nsb993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2002] [Accepted: 08/13/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a cytokine formerly known as interferon-gamma- (IFN-gamma-) inducing factor, has pleiotropic immunoregulatory functions, including augmentation of IFN-gamma production, Fas-mediated cytotoxicity and developmental regulation of T-lymphocyte helper type I. We determined the solution structure of IL-18 as a first step toward understanding its receptor activation mechanism. It folds into a beta-trefoil structure that resembles that of IL-1. Extensive mutagenesis revealed the presence of three sites that are important for receptor activation: two serve as binding sites for IL-18 receptor alpha (IL-18Ralpha), located at positions similar to those of IL-1 for IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI), whereas the third site may be involved in IL-18 receptor beta (IL-18Rbeta) binding. The structure and mutagenesis data provide a basis for understanding the IL-18-induced heterodimerization of receptor subunits, which is necessary for receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasa 40, Gifu 500-8705, Japan.
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Aniansson Zdolsek H, Janefjord CK, Fälth-Magnusson K, Jenmalm MC. Reduced IL-2-induced IL-12 responsiveness in atopic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14:351-7. [PMID: 14641604 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopy may be associated with a reduced T-cell function particularly regarding maturation of T helper 1 (Th1) responses. We hypothesized that atopic children may have a reduced capacity to up-regulate the beta2 subunit of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) receptor (IL-12Rbeta2, the signal-transducing component). The study included 38 children followed from birth to the age of 7 years. Twenty one had a cumulative history of atopic disease, whereas 17 had none. Sixteen out of 21 children also had atopic symptoms within the past year (current), out of whom 10 children had atopic airway symptoms. The expression of IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-5 and IL-10 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Children with current atopic airway symptoms and high levels of total IgE up-regulated IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA expression less than non-atopic children with low IgE levels after IL-2 stimulation. This was accompanied by a low IL-2- and IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production, possibly reflecting the reduced capacity of atopic children to up-regulate the IL-12 receptor. As IL-2 is needed to initiate and sustain immune responses and IL-12 promotes Th1 responses, this may contribute to the Th2-skewed pattern in atopic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Aniansson Zdolsek
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Division of Paediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
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Ohnishi H, Kato Z, Watanabe M, Fukutomi O, Inoue R, Teramoto T, Kondo N. Interleukin-18 is associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2003.00290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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