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Identification of inflammatory markers in eosinophilic cells of the immune system: fluorescence, Raman and CARS imaging can recognize markers but differently. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:52. [PMID: 34936035 PMCID: PMC8739296 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the immune system’s response releasing several inflammatory factors and contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis. Since Eos have a relatively short lifetime after isolation from blood, usually eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) is used to study mechanisms of their activation and to test therapies. In particular, EoL-1 cells are examined in terms of signalling pathways of the inflammatory response manifested by the presence of lipid bodies (LBs). Here we examined the differences in response to inflammation modelled by various factors, between isolated human eosinophils and EoL-1 cells, as manifested in the number and chemical composition of LBs. The analysis was performed using fluorescence, Raman, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which recognised the inflammatory process in the cells, but it is manifested slightly differently depending on the method used. We showed that unstimulated EoL-1 cells, compared to isolated eosinophils, contained more LBs, displayed different nucleus morphology and did not have eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO). In EoL-1 cells stimulated with various proinflammatory agents, including butyric acid (BA), liposaccharide (LPS), or cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), an increased production of LBs with a various degree of lipid unsaturation was observed in spontaneous Raman spectra. Furthermore, stimulation of EoL-1 cells resulted in alterations of the LBs morphology. In conclusion, a level of lipid unsaturation and eosinophilic peroxidase as well as LBs distribution among cell population mainly accounted for the biochemistry of eosinophils upon inflammation.
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Tumor necrosis factor α in the onset and progression of leukemia. Exp Hematol 2016; 45:17-26. [PMID: 27833035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), originally described as an anti-neoplastic cytokine, has been found, in apparent contradiction to its name, to play an important role in promoting the development and progression of malignant disease. Targeting TNF-α with TNF antagonists has elicited an objective response in certain solid tumors in phase I and II clinical trials. This review focuses on the relationship of TNF-α expressed by leukemia cells and adverse clinical features of leukemia. TNF-α is involved in all steps of leukemogenesis, including cellular transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and extramedullary infiltration. TNF-α is also an important factor in the tumor microenvironment and assists leukemia cells in immune evasion, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. TNF-α may be a potent target for leukemia therapy.
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Senkyunolide I attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced inflammation in microglial cells. Brain Res 2016; 1649:123-131. [PMID: 27524398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over-activated microglia during stroke has been documented to aggravate brain damage. Our previous studies showed that senkyunolide I (SEI) exerted anti-inflammatory effects against endotoxin insult in vitro and ameliorative effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic stroke, we here investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of SEI on microglial cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. OGD for 3h followed by reoxygenation for 12h significantly enhanced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressions of inflammation-related enzymes in BV-2 cells, which was inhibited by pretreatment with SEI. To elucidate the mechanisms, we studied its effect on upstream signaling pathways. It was found that SEI suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway induced by OGD/R and the MAPK pathway was shown not to be involved. Furthermore, SEI significantly down-regulated TLR4/MyD88 pathway with specifically improving inducible Hsp70 level through increasing HSF-1/DNA binding activity, and these regulations responsive to SEI were attenuated by transfecting Hsp70 siRNA and HSF-1 decoy ODNs. Additionally, SEI exerted similar influence on Hsp70/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rat primary microglial cells. The results suggested that SEI had a potent effect against stroke-induced neuroinflammation through suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway by up-regulating Hsp70 dependent on HSF-1.
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Li B, Zhang G, Li C, He D, Li X, Zhang C, Tang F, Deng X, Lu J, Tang Y, Li R, Chen Z, Duan C. Identification of JAK2 as a mediator of FIP1L1-PDGFRA-induced eosinophil growth and function in CEL. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34912. [PMID: 22523564 PMCID: PMC3327703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fip1-like1 (FIP1L1)-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha fusion gene (F/P) arising in the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC),causes 14% to 60% of patients with hypereosinophilia syndrome (HES). These patients, classified as having F/P (+) chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), present with clonal eosinophilia and display a more aggressive disease phenotype than patients with F/P (–) HES patients. The mechanisms underlying predominant eosinophil lineage targeting and the cytotoxicity of eosinophils in this leukemia remain unclear. Given that the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) signaling pathway is key to cytokine receptor-mediated eosinophil development and activated Stat3 and Stat5 regulate the expression of genes involved in F/P malignant transformation, we investigated whether and how JAK proteins were involved in the pathogenesis of F/P-induced CEL. F/P activation of JAK2, Stat3 and Stat5, were confirmed in all the 11 F/P (+) CEL patients examined. In vitro inhibition of JAK2 in EOL-1, primary F/P(+) CEL cells (PC) and T674I F/P Imatinib resistant cells(IR) by either JAK2-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) or the tryphostin derivative AG490(AG490), significantly reduced cellular proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis. The F/P can enhance the IL-5-induced JAK2 activation, and further results indicated that JAK2 inhibition blocked IL-5-induced cellular migration and activation of the EOL-1 and PC cells in vitro. F/P-stimulation of the JAK2 suppressed cells led to a significantly reduction in Stat3 activation, but relatively normal induction of Stat5 activation. Interestingly, JAK2 inhibition also reduced PI3K, Akt and NF-κB activity in a dose-dependent manner, and suppressed expression levels of c-Myc and Survivin. These results strongly suggest that JAK2 is activated by F/P and is required for F/P stimulation of cellular proliferation and infiltration, possibly through induction of c-Myc and Survivin expression via activation of multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, Stat3, and PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, the Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, the Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Medical Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Surgery, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Tang
- Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, the Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Medical Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Jin L, Zhang LM, Xie KQ, Ye Y, Feng L. Paeoniflorin suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in endotoxin-treated human monocytic cells. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:694-703. [PMID: 21542832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paeoniflorin (PF) has ameliorative effects on learning and memory impairment and cerebral ischaemia in rats and has protective effects against the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. The neuroprotective effects of PF are most probably derived from its anti-inflammatory property. Abnormally high levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) have been found to be associated with a wide range of inflammatory and immune responses. Here we studied whether PF regulates the levels of ICAM-1 elevated in LPS-activated differentiated human monocytic U937 cells and TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH mRNA levels were evaluated by RT-PCR. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot analysis. An immunofluorescence technique was used to estimate NF-κB translocation, and NF-κB binding to nuclear DNA was determined by EMSA. KEY RESULTS PF inhibited ICAM-1 expression elevated in LPS-induced U937 cells and TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Although previous reports showed that PF's action is mediated by activating adenosine A₁ receptors, application of a selective adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist did not change the inhibitory effect of PF in our experiments. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effect of PF, we studied its effect on signalling pathways upstream of ICAM-1 expression. PF suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which regulates the expression of ICAM-1. The TLR4 and MAPK pathways were shown not to be involved in the effects of PF in these cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PF inhibits ICAM-1 expression in LPS-treated U937 cells and TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
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Kobayashi N, Kayaba H, Takeda M, Yamaguchi K, Chiba T, Ito W, Chihara J. Activation of eosinophils by lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte-derived cytokines. Allergol Int 2009; 58:103-10. [PMID: 19153536 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.o-07-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between eosinophils and monocytes after lipopolysaccharide inhalation are yet to be investigated. The mechanism of eosinophil activation induced by lipopolysaccharide in the presence of monocytes was investigated. METHODS Expression of ICAM-1 and Mac-1 on eosinophils was evaluated after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in the presence of monocytes or monocyte culture supernatants. Cytokines in the supernatant of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes were measured using a cytokine array. RESULTS Expression of ICAM-1 and Mac-1 on eosinophils was up-regulated after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in the presence of monocytes or monocyte culture supernatant. Lipopolysaccharide induced secretion of ENA-78, GMCSF, GRO, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-alpha and MIP-3 alpha from monocytes. The up-regulation of ICAM-1, but not Mac-1, on eosinophils was attenuated by anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte-derived TNF-alpha plays an important role in the up-regulation of ICAM-I on eosinophils induced by lipopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Shen A, Yang J, Gu Y, Zhou D, Sun L, Qin Y, Chen J, Wang P, Xiao F, Zhang L, Cheng C. Lipopolysaccharide-evoked activation of p38 and JNK leads to an increase in ICAM-1 expression in Schwann cells of sciatic nerves. FEBS J 2008; 275:4343-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kwon BC, Sohn MH, Kim KW, Kim ES, Kim KE, Shin MH. House dust mite induces expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukemic cells. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:815-9. [PMID: 17982228 PMCID: PMC2693846 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.5.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The house dust mite (HDM) is considered to be the most common indoor allergen associated with bronchial asthma. In this study, we investigated whether crude extract of the HDM Dermatophagoides farinae could activate human eosinophilic leukemic cells (EoL-1) to induce upregulation of cell-surface adhesion molecules. When EoL-1 cells were incubated with D. farinae extract, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) significantly increased on the cell surfaces compared to cells incubated with medium alone. In contrast, surface expression of CD11b and CD49d in EoL-1 cells was not affected by D. farinae extract. In addition, pretreatment of cells with NF-kappaB inhibitor (MG-132) or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly inhibited ICAM-1 expression promoted by HDM extract. However, neither p38 MAP kinase inhibitor nor MEK inhibitor prevented HDM-induced ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells. These results suggest that crude extract of D. farinae induces ICAM-1 expression in EoL-1 cells through signaling pathways involving both NF-kappaB and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Chul Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Biomolecule Secretion Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wong CK, Wang CB, Li MLY, Ip WK, Tian YP, Lam CWK. Induction of adhesion molecules upon the interaction between eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells: involvement of p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1859-71. [PMID: 17052676 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are principal effector cells of inflammation in allergic asthma, characterized by their infiltration and accumulation at inflammatory sites mediated by chemokine eotaxin, and interaction with adhesion molecules expressed on bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and/or the interaction of eosinophils and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were found to up-regulate the cell surface expression of adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on BEAS-2B cells, and ICAM-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on eosinophils. Interaction of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells could induce the release of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and activate both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activities in BEAS-2B cells but only NF-kappaB activity in eosinophils. Both proteasome inhibitor MG-132 and selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 could significantly decrease the expression of ICAM-1 on BEAS-2B cells and CD18 on eosinophils upon co-culture with or without TNF-alpha treatment. However, the expression of VCAM-1 on BEAS-2B cells was only up-regulated by TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity. The interaction of eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells therefore plays an important role in the up-regulation of adhesion molecules on eosinophils and epithelial cells via differential intracellular signalling pathways during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Ip WK, Wong CK, Wang CB, Tian YP, Lam CWK. Interleukin-3, -5, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce adhesion and chemotaxis of human eosinophils via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2005; 27:371-93. [PMID: 16237950 DOI: 10.1080/08923970500240925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) play a fundamental role in eosinophil functions in allergic asthma. The intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of these cytokines regulating the activation of eosinophils have been potential therapeutic targets. We investigated the roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) in IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF-induced adhesion, morphological changes, and subsequence transmigration of human eosinophils. IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF could augment the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and nucleus translocation of NF-kappaB in eosinophils. cDNA expression arrays demonstrated that the gene expression levels of several adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), alpha6, beta2 integrin (CD18), and CD44 were upregulated by these cytokines. Results from functional assays showed that adhesion of eosinophils onto airway epithelial cells was enhanced after IL-3 and IL-5 but not GM-CSF stimulation. These cytokines could markedly induce shape change and augment the transmigration of eosinophils. Moreover, administration of either p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580, or proteasome inhibitor, N-cbz-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG-132), could inhibit the cytokine-induced adhesion, shape change, and transmigration of eosinophils. Together, our findings suggest that IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF regulated the adhesion and chemotaxis of human eosinophils through shared signaling pathways involving both p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB. Our results therefore shed light on the further development of more effective agents for allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ki Ip
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Wong CK, Cheung PFY, Ip WK, Lam CWK. Interleukin-25–Induced Chemokines and Interleukin-6 Release from Eosinophils Is Mediated by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase, and Nuclear Factor-κB. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:186-94. [PMID: 15860795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0034oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-25, a novel Th2 cytokine, is capable of amplifying allergic inflammation. We investigated the modulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways in IL-25-activated eosinophils, the principal effector cells of allergic inflammation, for the in vitro release of chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Gene expression of chemokines and IL-6 was evaluated by RT-PCR, and concentrations of chemokines and cytokine were measured by cytokine protein array, cytometric bead array, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-kappaB, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK activities in eosinophils were assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot. IL-25 was found to upregulate the gene expression of chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and IL-8, and cytokine IL-6, in eosinophils, and to significantly increase the release of the above chemokines and IL-6 from eosinophils. IL-25 could also activate the JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB activities of eosinophils, while inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation (BAY11-7082), JNK (SP600125), and p38 MAPK (SB203580) could suppress the release of IL-8, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, and IL-6. Together, the above results showed that the induction of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 in IL-25-activated eosinophils are regulated by JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun K Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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12
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Wong CK, Wang CB, Ip WK, Tian YP, Lam CWK. Role of p38 MAPK and NF-kB for chemokine release in coculture of human eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:90-100. [PMID: 15606618 PMCID: PMC1809270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are principal effector cells of inflammation in allergic asthma, characterized by their accumulation and infiltration at inflammatory sites mediated by the chemokine eotaxin and their interaction with adhesion molecules expressed on bronchial epithelial cells. We investigated the modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway on the in vitro release of chemokines including regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) upon the interaction of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils. Gene expression of chemokines was evaluated by RT-PCR and the induction amount of chemokines quantified by cytometric bead array. NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK activities were assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot, respectively. The interaction of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells was found to up-regulate the gene expression of the chemokines IL-8, MCP-1, MIG, RANTES and IP-10 expression in BEAS-2B cells, and to significantly elevate the release of the aforementioned chemokines except RANTES in a coculture of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils. IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580 could decrease the release of IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 in the coculture. Together, the above results show that the induction of the release of chemokines in a coculture of epithelial cells and eosinophils are regulated by p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activities of BEAS-2B cells, at least partly, through intercellular contact. Our findings therefore shed light on the future development of more effective agents for allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Takano-Ishikawa Y, Goto M, Yamaki K. Analysis of leukocyte rolling and migration--using inhibitors in the undisturbed microcirculation of the rat mesentery--on inflammatory stimulation. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 13:33-7. [PMID: 15203563 PMCID: PMC1781531 DOI: 10.1080/09629350410001664761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to develop a method of migration analysis using the undisturbed microcirculation of rat mesentery, and using the new method, analyze leukocyte migration in casein-induced inflammation. METHOD Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, or casein intraperitoneally. Following this, the rats were sacrificed and the mesentery tissue removed was fixed and stained with Giemsa. The leukocytes were counted as a rolling index in the venules and as a migration index in the perivascular area. RESULTS There was no relation between the diameter of venules and leukocyte migration. The time change curves of leukocyte activity in casein inflammation show about a 1 h difference between rolling and migration. From inhibitor experiments of casein-induced migration at 2 h, it has been suggested that selectin-related rolling is necessary. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) also appears partially involved. CONCLUSION The improved undisturbed microcirculation method is helpful not only for rolling analysis but also in analysis of leukocyte migration. Casein inflammation analyzed using this method revealed that rolling is necessary and also suggested that partial involvement of PAF is necessary for pathogenesis of leukocyte extravasations.
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Holden NS, Catley MC, Cambridge LM, Barnes PJ, Newton R. ICAM-1 expression is highly NF-kappaB-dependent in A549 cells. No role for ERK and p38 MAPK. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:785-91. [PMID: 14764095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.03982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is an activator of multiple cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, which are important in inflammatory diseases such as asthma, and is consequently considered as an attractive therapeutic target. In the present study, a constitutively active dominant version of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBalphaDN, was introduced into A549 pulmonary cells by adenovirus-mediated delivery. The dominant IkappaB, but not a null viral vector, prevented the induction of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Similarly, both TNFalpha and IL-1beta strongly induced mRNA and protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and in each case this was prevented by adenovirus expressing the dominant IkappaB, but not by the null virus, thereby establishing ICAM-1 as an NF-kappaB-dependent gene. Numerous studies have suggested key roles for the p38 and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in the activation and transactivation of NF-kappaB. We show here that SB203580, a selective inhibitor of the p38 MAPK, and PD098059 and UO126, both selective inhibitors of the ERK MAPK cascade, have no effect on TNFalpha or IL-1beta-induced translocation and DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, these inhibitors showed no pharmacologically relevant effect on NF-kappaB-dependent transcription nor was there any effect on expression of ICAM-1. Taken together these data highlight the potential use of inhibition of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway in pulmonary inflammatory diseases and suggest that inhibitors of the p38 and ERK MAPK pathways may be of lesser effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Holden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Wong CK, Ip WK, Lam CWK. Interleukin-3, -5, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced adhesion molecule expression on eosinophils by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-[kappa] B. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 29:133-47. [PMID: 12600815 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0289oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the intracellular signaling mechanisms for cytokine interleukin (IL)-3, IL-5, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced expression of adhesion molecules including very late antigen 4 (CD49 d), macrophage antigen-1 (CD11b), leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and ICAM-3 on eosinophils. The expression of adhesion molecules and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway was measured by flow cytometry and cDNA expression array, respectively. The phosphorylation of inhibitor kappaB-alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was detected by Western blot, whereas NF-kappaB activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF could enhance p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activity and induce ICAM-1, CD11b, and CD18 expressions on eosinophils. They could suppress ICAM-3 expression, but had no effect on CD49 d expression. Either SB 203580 or MG-132 was able to offset the cytokine-induced expression of ICAM-1. Only SB 203580 could reverse the effect on CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-3 expressions. Therefore, the expression of ICAM-1 might involve both p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activities, whereas the regulation of CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-3 expressions might be mediated through p38 MAPK but not NF-kappaB. These cytokines therefore play a crucial role, via the p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, in the expression of important adhesion molecules on eosinophils in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun K Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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