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Du X, Che D, Peng B, Zheng Y, Hao Y, Jia T, Zhang X, Geng S. Dual effect of tacrolimus on mast cell-mediated allergy and inflammation through Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:128-137. [PMID: 37953179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical tacrolimus, although widely used in the treatment of dermatoses, presents with an immediate irritation on initial application resembling a pseudo-allergic reaction. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) in mast cells (MCs) mediates drug-induced pseudo-allergic reaction and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pruritis in chronic skin diseases. However, the immunosuppression mechanism of tacrolimus on MCs via MRGPRX2 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of MRGPRX2 and the mechanism of action of tacrolimus on its short-term and long-term applications. METHODS Wild-type mice, KitW-sh/W-sh mice, and MrgprB2-deficient (MUT) mice were used to study the effect of tacrolimus on in vivo anaphylaxis model. LAD2 cells and MRGPRX2-knockdown LAD2 cells were specifically used to derive the associated mechanism of the tacrolimus effect. RESULTS Short-term application of tacrolimus triggers IgE-independent activation of MCs via MRGPRX2/B2 in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Tacrolimus binds to MRGPRX2, which was verified by fluorescently labeled tacrolimus in cells. On long-term treatment with tacrolimus, the initial allergic reaction fades away corresponding with the downregulation of MRGPRX2, which leads to decreased release of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with tacrolimus induces pseudo-allergic reaction via MRGPRX2/B2 in MCs, whereas long-term treatment downregulates expression of MRGPRX2/B2, which may contribute to its potent immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China.
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Yan S, Liu R, Mao M, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li J, Peng C, Chen X. Therapeutic effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid on mast cell at the transcriptional level. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7404. [PMID: 31497384 PMCID: PMC6708377 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common and recurrent autoimmune-related disease with unclear pathogenesis. Dysfunction of immune cells, such as T cells, mast cells, and basophils, is involved. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN), an immunomodulator partially extracted from BCG, can be used in the combined treatment of CSU with an unknown mechanism. Methods To study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of BCG-PSN on CSU, we initially assessed the clinical efficacy in 110 enrolled CSU patients of 4-week antihistamine monotherapy vs. antihistamine plus BCG-PSN combined therapy. Subsequently, to explore the further mechanism of BCG-PSN, the mast cell line RBL-2H3 pretreated with BCG-PSN was used to evaluate the transcriptional expression profiles via lncRNA sequencing. Real time PCR was conducted to validate the candidate gene expression. Results We found no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the BCG-PSN group (71.7%) and the monotherapy group (71.9%). However, the average time of complete relief in the BCG-PSN group was significantly shorter than that in the monotherapy group (36.77 ± 17.33 vs. 51.27 ± 16.80, p = 0.026). In vitro experiments showed that BCG-PSN inhibited β-hexosaminidase release rates in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells (p < 0.001). Sequencing data revealed the expression profiles of functional genes, including a significant decrease in Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, which can be regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Discussion CSU is a chronic, recurrent disease with complex pathogenesis. Mast cells and basophils are the primary target cells of the disease. BCG-PSN decrease the β-HEX release rates and regulated IgE-mediated mast cell activation in RBL-2H3 cells by mediating immune-related gene expression including ERBB4. These findings suggest that BCG-PSN may mediate ERBB4 expression via the NF-κB pathway and may have value in the treatment of CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- JIUZHITANG Medicine Commerce CO, LTD, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Yasinska IM, Calzolai L, Raap U, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Sumbayev VV, Gibbs BF. Targeting of Basophil and Mast Cell Pro-Allergic Reactivity Using Functionalised Gold Nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30984005 PMCID: PMC6449467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors potentially prevent pro-allergic mediator release from basophils and mast cells but are rarely used systemically due to ubiquitous expressions of target signaling proteins. However, specific targeting of allergic effector cells with these inhibitors could circumvent unwanted side effects. We recently demonstrated the biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a platform for non-toxic delivery of signaling inhibitors due to unique physicochemical properties of these nanomaterials. Since AuNPs can be conjugated with both anti-allergic drugs and antibodies or other proteins that specifically recognize basophils and mast cells, our aims were to assess specific targeting of allergic effector cell function using AuNPs conjugated with the calcineurin inhibitor ascomycin. Purified human basophils and LAD2 human mast cells were used for investigations with AuNPs conjugated either to CD203c antibodies or containing stem cell factor (SCF), respectively, which were amine-coupled to acidic groups of reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH was also used as a spacer for immobilization of ascomycin on the gold surface. AuNPs conjugated with anti-CD203c and ascomycin strikingly blocked IgE-dependent degranulation of both purified basophils and those present in mixed leukocyte preparations, suggesting specific targeting of these cells. In contrast, LAD2 mast cell responses were not inhibited using anti-CD203c-containing nanoconjugates but were when the conjugates contained SCF. Successful targeting of allergic effector cells using gold nanoconjugates indicates that this technology may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergies by specifically delivering highly effective signaling inhibitors with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.,Division of Experimental Allergology and Immunodermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Gao M, Wei W, Li MM, Wu YS, Ba Z, Jin KX, Li MM, Liao YQ, Adhikari S, Chong Z, Zhang T, Guo CX, Tang TS, Zhu BT, Xu XZ, Mailand N, Yang YG, Qi Y, Rendtlew Danielsen JM. Ago2 facilitates Rad51 recruitment and DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination. Cell Res 2014; 24:532-41. [PMID: 24662483 PMCID: PMC4011338 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic lesions and pose a major threat to genome stability if not properly repaired. We and others have previously shown that a class of DSB-induced small RNAs (diRNAs) is produced from sequences around DSB sites. DiRNAs are associated with Argonaute (Ago) proteins and play an important role in DSB repair, though the mechanism through which they act remains unclear. Here, we report that the role of diRNAs in DSB repair is restricted to repair by homologous recombination (HR) and that it specifically relies on the effector protein Ago2 in mammalian cells. Interestingly, we show that Ago2 forms a complex with Rad51 and that the interaction is enhanced in cells treated with ionizing radiation. We demonstrate that Rad51 accumulation at DSB sites and HR repair depend on catalytic activity and small RNA-binding capability of Ago2. In contrast, DSB resection as well as RPA and Mre11 loading is unaffected by Ago2 or Dicer depletion, suggesting that Ago2 very likely functions directly in mediating Rad51 accumulation at DSBs. Taken together, our findings suggest that guided by diRNAs, Ago2 can promote Rad51 recruitment and/or retention at DSBs to facilitate repair by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wei
- 1] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wu
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaoqing Ba
- 1] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang-Xuan Jin
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Qi Liao
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Samir Adhikari
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zechen Chong
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cai-Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing-Tao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xing-Zhi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Niels Mailand
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Ubiquitin Signalling Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- 1] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jannie M Rendtlew Danielsen
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Variations and Precision Biomedicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Ubiquitin Signalling Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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White M, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Angiotensin II signalling and calcineurin in cardiac fibroblasts: differential effects of calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 6:5-14. [PMID: 22184128 DOI: 10.1177/1753944711432901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac remodelling is controlled by complex systems, including activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and signalling through MAP kinases and Ca2+-activated calcineurin. Whether Ang II, which increases [Ca2+]i and stimulates MAP kinases, mediates myocardial effects through calcineurin-dependent pathways remain unclear. We investigated effects of two calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) (10-10-10-6 mol/L, 20 mins) on activation of MAP kinases and on growth, pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses in Ang II-stimulated rat cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS AND RESULTS Ang II increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK (1.5-1.8-fold, p<0.05) without effect on JNK. FK506, but not CsA, attenuated Ang II-stimulated MAP kinase activation. Molecular indices of cell growth (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)), fibrosis (fibronectin, pro-collagen) and inflammation (iNOS), were upregulated by Ang II (12 hrs). FK506 and CsA inhibited PCNA effects. Ang II-induced pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses were inhibited by CsA. Ang II receptors, AT1R and AT2R, were not influenced by calcineurin inhibitors. Our data indicate differential calcineurin inhibitor sensitivity of MAP kinases and cellular responses in Ang II-stimulated fibroblasts. p38MAP kinase and ERK1/2 are regulated in a FK506-sensitive manner, whereas fibrosis and inflammation are CsA-sensitive. Cell proliferation is inhibited by both FKC506 and CsA. These are post-receptor phenomena, since AT1R and AT2R status was unaltered by treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify an important role for calcineurin in MAP kinase/growth/pro-fibrotic/pro-inflammatory signalling by Ang II in cardiac fibroblasts. Although both FK506 and CsA inhibit calcineurin, they exert differential effects on molecular and cellular responses. Such differences may contribute to variable clinical responses of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel White
- Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhang J, Mendoza M, Guiraldelli MF, Barbu EA, Siraganian RP. Small interfering RNA screen for phosphatases involved in IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:7178-85. [PMID: 20483767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play pivotal roles in the initiation of the allergic response. To gain an understanding of the functions played by phosphatases in IgE-mediated mast cell activation, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library that targets all mouse phosphatase genes was screened in a mouse mast cell line, MMC-1. Of 198 targets, 10 enhanced and 7 inhibited FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. For seven of the strongest hits, four different siRNAs per target were tested, and at least two out of the four single siRNA per target had similar effects as the pool suggesting that these were true hits. Bone marrow-derived mast cells from normal mice further validated these results for six definite positive targets. The mechanism of the reduced mast cell degranulation due to calcineurin B deficiency was investigated. Calcineurin B deficiency reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the phosphorylation of protein kinase D/protein kinase Cmu and protein kinase Cdelta, which are involved in FcepsilonRI signaling. The screen, therefore, has identified several new molecules that are critical for FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. Regulating the function of these proteins may be potential targets for the treatment of allergic inflammation. The result also indicates that the system used is efficient for searching molecules implicated in complex receptor-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Mukai K, Obata K, Tsujimura Y, Karasuyama H. New insights into the roles for basophils in acute and chronic allergy. Allergol Int 2009; 58:11-9. [PMID: 19153532 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.08-rai-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils represent less than 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. They are often recruited to the site of allergic inflammation, albeit in small numbers. However, it remained uncertain whether basophils play any significant role in allergic reactions or act as minor and redundant 'circulating mast cells'. We have recently demonstrated that basophils play critical roles in systemic anaphylaxis and chronic allergic inflammation, distinctively from mast cells. Basophils are one of the major players in the IgG- but not IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis, in contrast to mast cells. In response to the allergen-IgG immune complexes, basophils release the platelet-activating factor rather than histamine as the major chemical mediator to induce the systemic anaphylaxis. The depletion of basophils protects mice from death due to anaphylactic shock. Basophils also play a crucial role in the development of the IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation with massive eosinophil infiltration in the skin, independently of T cells and mast cells, even though basophils account for only approximately 2% of the infiltrates. The basophil depletion shows a therapeutic effect on on-going allergic inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that basophils function as initiators rather than effectors of the chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, basophils and their products seem to be promising therapeutic targets for allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ebo DG, Bridts CH, Hagendorens MM, Aerts NE, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Basophil activation test by flow cytometry: Present and future applications in allergology. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2008; 74:201-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ebo DG, Dombrecht EJ, Bridts CH, Aerts NE, de Clerck LS, Stevens WJ. Combined analysis of intracellular signalling and immunophenotype of human peripheral blood basophils by flow cytometry: a proof of concept. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1668-75. [PMID: 17868401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signal transduction pathways and control mechanisms involved in IgE-mediated basophil activation remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether basophilic intracellular signal transduction and immunophenotype can be analysed simultaneously by flow cytometry. METHODS Basophils in whole blood were stimulated with anti-IgE and latex antigen at various concentrations and during different time courses. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a representative of the intracellular signal transduction pathway and surface expression of CD63 was assessed simultaneously flow cytometrically. The effect of pre-incubation with IL-3 was assessed. RESULTS Stimulation of the basophils with anti-IgE and allergen induces a rapid phosphorylation of p38 MAPK that peaks between 1 and 5 min and returns to baseline levels after 60 min. In contrast, CD63 up-regulation demonstrates a maximal but more continuous expression that peaks approximately 5 min later than phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Specific inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced or almost completely abrogated up-regulation of CD63. Pre-incubation of the basophils with IL-3 produces a rapid p38 MAPK phosphorylation over basal levels, but this was weaker and shorter than for anti-IgE stimulation. Pre-incubation of the basophils with IL-3 did not potentiate anti-IgE-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and did affect spontaneous or IgE-mediated CD63 up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the proof that the flow cytometer allows an integrated analysis of basophilic intracellular signalling and immunophenotyping. Owing to its technical simplicity, the low number of cells required and rapid analysis, the technique seems promising for use in the clinic as a diagnostic tool or to monitor therapy. CAPSULE SUMMARY This study is the first to provide evidence for a combined analysis of basophilic intracellular signalling and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Owing to its technical simplicity, the low number of cells required and rapid analysis, the technique seems promising for use in the clinic as a diagnostic tool or to monitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Harrison CA, Bastan R, Peirce MJ, Munday MR, Peachell PT. Role of calcineurin in the regulation of human lung mast cell and basophil function by cyclosporine and FK506. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:509-18. [PMID: 17200674 PMCID: PMC2189730 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cyclosporine and FK506 are thought to act by targeting the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cyclosporine and FK506 stabilize mast cells and basophils by interacting with calcineurin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of cyclosporine and FK506 on the IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils were evaluated. The presence of calcineurin in cells was determined by Western blotting. Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase activities were assessed in cell extracts using a synthetic phosphorylated peptide that is known to serve as a substrate for calcineurin. KEY RESULTS FK506 was about 100-fold more potent than cyclosporine as an inhibitor of IgE-dependent histamine release from mast cells and basophils. Immunoblotting of solubilized preparations of purified cells demonstrated the presence of calcineurin in mast cells and basophils. In enzyme assays, mast cells expressed approximately 7-fold higher Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase activity than basophils. Whereas cyclosporine effectively inhibited Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase activity in cell extracts, FK506 was considerably less effective. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FK506 and cyclosporine inhibit the stimulated release of histamine from mast cells and basophils. However, the ability of cyclosporine, but not FK506, to inhibit Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase activity questions whether FK506 stabilizes mast cells and basophils by interacting with calcineurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Harrison
- Department of Engineering Materials, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - R Bastan
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, UK
| | - M J Peirce
- Section of Inflammation and Immunity, Division of Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College School of Medicine Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - M R Munday
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London London, UK
| | - P T Peachell
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, UK
- Author for correspondence:
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Frezzolini A, Provini A, Teofoli P, Pomponi D, De Pità O. Serum-induced basophil CD63 expression by means of a tricolour flow cytometric method for the in vitro diagnosis of chronic urticaria. Allergy 2006; 61:1071-7. [PMID: 16918509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional autoantibodies against the alpha-chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRIalpha) identify a subset of patients with chronic urticaria (CU) due to autoreactivity, as assessed by an in vivo positive response to autologous serum skin test (ASST). We performed a study to standardize the serum-induced basophil activation assay by flow cytometry (FCM) using a new tricolour method, assessing the diagnostic performance of this test in discriminating between ASST+ and ASST- CU patients. METHODS Sera of 64 CU patients (22 ASST+ CU and 42 ASST- CU) and 10 healthy subjects were tested for their ability to induce basophil CD63 expression when incubated with whole blood of both atopic (DA) and non-atopic donors (DNA). Using a triple-labelled strategy with anti-CD123, anti-HLA-DR and anti-CD63 antibodies, CD63+ basophils were identified on a selected population of CD123+ HLA-DR- cells. In 3 ASST+ CU patients who underwent cyclosporine therapy, the assay was performed before and after treatment. RESULTS The ASST+ CU sera resulted in a significant higher induction of basophil CD63 expression compared with ASST- CU and healthy donors sera; when whole blood from DA was used, sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 95.5% and 90.5% respectively. ASST+ CU serum activity was significantly decreased during cyclosporine A treatment, in parallel with clinical remission. CONCLUSIONS Chronic urticaria serum-induced CD63 expression assay performed on DA whole blood by means of our tricolour FCM method could be the most useful tool for identification of a subset of patients with autoimmune CU and may become a promising tool also for monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frezzolini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Hirano T, Arimitsu J, Higa S, Naka T, Ogata A, Shima Y, Fujimoto M, Yamadori T, Ohkawara T, Kuwabara Y, Kawai M, Kawase I, Tanaka T. Luteolin, a Flavonoid, Inhibits CD40 Ligand Expression by Activated Human Basophils. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:150-6. [PMID: 16601352 DOI: 10.1159/000092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin and fisetin inhibit interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 production. In this study, we investigated whether luteolin can suppress CD40 ligand expression by basophils. METHODS A human basophilic cell line, KU812, was stimulated with A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) with or without various concentrations of luteolin or other flavonoids for 12 h, and CD40 ligand expression was analyzed by FACS. The effect of luteolin on CD40 ligand mRNA expression was studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. In addition, CD40 ligand expression was also measured in purified basophils that had been stimulated for 12 h with A23187 plus PMA with or without various concentrations of luteolin. RESULTS CD40 ligand expression by KU812 cells was enhanced noticeably in response to A23187 and even more strikingly augmented by A23187 plus PMA. The expression was significantly suppressed by 10 or 30 microM of luteolin, whereas myricetin failed to inhibit. Reverse transcription PCR analyses demonstrated that luteolin inhibited CD40 ligand mRNA expression by stimulated KU812 cells. Of the six flavonoids examined, luteolin, apigenin, fisetin and quercetin at 30 microM showed a significant inhibitory effect on CD40 ligand expression. The incubation of purified basophils with A23187 plus PMA significantly enhanced CD40 ligand expression, and the presence of luteolin again had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin inhibits CD40 ligand expression by activated basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Mukai K, Matsuoka K, Taya C, Suzuki H, Yokozeki H, Nishioka K, Hirokawa K, Etori M, Yamashita M, Kubota T, Minegishi Y, Yonekawa H, Karasuyama H. Basophils play a critical role in the development of IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation independently of T cells and mast cells. Immunity 2005; 23:191-202. [PMID: 16111637 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of basophils into the sites of allergic inflammation is often observed. However, no definitive evidence has been provided that basophils are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of chronic allergic disorders. Here, we show that basophils are responsible for the development of IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation independently of T cells and mast cells. A single subcutaneous injection of multivalent antigens elicited not only immediate- and late-phase ear swelling but also delayed-onset ear swelling with massive eosinophil infiltration in mice sensitized with antigen-specific IgE. Mast cells were essential for the immediate- and late-phase ear swelling but dispensable for the delayed one. T cells were also dispensable for the latter. Transfer of FcRI-expressing basophils into FcRI-deficient mice restored the development of the delayed-onset allergic inflammation. These findings indicate a novel mechanism of development of chronic allergic inflammation that is induced by basophils through the interaction of antigen, IgE, and FcRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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14
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Marsland AM, Soundararajan S, Joseph K, Kaplan AP. Effects of calcineurin inhibitors on an in vitro assay for chronic urticaria. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:554-9. [PMID: 15898974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic urticaria is a common skin disorder, which causes considerable morbidity. In approximately 40% of cases, patients have an autoimmune disorder in which functional antibodies cause degranulation of mast cells and basophils, and C5a complement augments this in varying amounts from patient to patient. Since the calcineurin inhibitor ciclosporin has been used in chronic autoimmune urticaria, we examined the effect of ciclosporin and other drugs on the release of histamine from basophils when stimulated by sera from patients with chronic autoimmune urticaria. METHODS Leucocytes from healthy donors were isolated and incubated in varying concentrations of ciclosporin, ascomycin, methotrexate, diphenhydramine or hydroxyzine for 30 min prior to stimulation with serum from urticaria patients known to have functional immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies directed against the alpha subunit of the IgE receptor. Histamine release was then measured. RESULTS Pre-incubating cells with ciclosporin and ascomycin produced dose-dependent inhibition of histamine release when cells were stimulated by sera of urticaria patients, by purified IgG from these sera, but not by C5a. Inhibition was not prevented by C5a receptor blocking antibodies. No inhibition was seen with methotrexate, diphenhydramine or hydroxyzine. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of inhibition of histamine release by calcineurin inhibitors employing sera of patients with chronic autoimmune urticaria. These drugs may work by interfering with intracellular signalling in cells following cross-linking of the IgE receptor, but not following stimulation of the C5a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Marsland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Allergy and the Clinical Immunology and the Konishi-MUSC Institute for Inflammation Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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15
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Hampton PJ, Reynolds NJ. Calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of skin disease: how do they work? Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:549-50. [PMID: 15898972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Cho KN, Choi JY, Kim CH, Baek SJ, Chung KC, Moon UY, Kim KS, Lee WJ, Koo JS, Yoon JH. Prostaglandin E2 induces MUC8 gene expression via a mechanism involving ERK MAPK/RSK1/cAMP response element binding protein activation in human airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:6676-81. [PMID: 15615708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412722200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC8 gene expression is overexpressed in nasal polyp epithelium and is also increased by treatment with inflammatory mediators in nasal epithelial cells. These data suggest that MUC8 may be one of important mucin genes expressed in human airway. However, the mechanisms of various inflammatory mediator-induced MUC8 gene expression in normal nasal epithelial cells remain unclear. We examined the mechanism by which prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2), an arachidonic acid metabolite, increases MUC8 gene expression levels. Here, we show that ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase is essential for PGE2-induced MUC8 gene expression in normal human nasal epithelial cells and that p90 ribosomal S 6 protein kinase 1 (RSK1) mediates the PGE2-induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein. Our results also indicate that cAMP-response element at the -803 region of the MUC8 promoter is an important site of PGE2-induced MUC8 gene expression. In conclusion, this study gives insights into the molecular mechanism of PGE2-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyou-Nam Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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17
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Hirano T, Higa S, Arimitsu J, Naka T, Shima Y, Ohshima S, Fujimoto M, Yamadori T, Kawase I, Tanaka T. Flavonoids such as Luteolin, Fisetin and Apigenin Are Inhibitors of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Production by ActivatedHuman Basophils. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2004; 134:135-40. [PMID: 15153793 DOI: 10.1159/000078498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that fisetin, a flavonol, inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis by allergen- or anti-IgE-antibody-stimulated basophils. This time, we investigated the inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 production by basophils by other flavonoids and attempted to determine the fundamental structure of flavonoids related to inhibition. We additionally investigated whether flavonoids suppress leukotriene C4 synthesis by basophils and IL-4 synthesis by T cells in response to anti-CD3 antibody. METHODS Highly purified peripheral basophils were stimulated for 12 h with anti-IgE antibody alone or anti-IgE antibody plus IL-3 in the presence of various concentrations of 18 different kinds of flavones and flavonols. IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations in the supernatants were then measured. Leukotriene C4 synthesis was also measured after basophils were stimulated for 1 h in the presence of flavonoids. Regarding the inhibitory activity of flavonoids on IL-4 synthesis by T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with flavonoids in anti-CD3-antibody-bound plates for 2 days. RESULTS Luteolin, fisetin and apigenin were found to be the strongest inhibitors of both IL-4 and IL-13 production by basophils but did not affect leukotriene C4 synthesis. At higher concentrations, these flavonoids suppressed IL-4 production by T cells. Based on a hierarchy of inhibitory activity, the basic structure for IL-4 inhibition by basophils was determined. CONCLUSIONS Due to the inhibitory activity of flavonoids on IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis, it can be expected that the intake of flavonoids, depending on the quantity and quality, may ameliorate allergic symptoms or prevent the onset of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirano
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Song KS, Seong JK, Chung KC, Lee WJ, Kim CH, Cho KN, Kang CD, Koo JS, Yoon JH. Induction of MUC8 gene expression by interleukin-1 beta is mediated by a sequential ERK MAPK/RSK1/CREB cascade pathway in human airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:34890-6. [PMID: 12842905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303911200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are the major components of the mucus layer that covers and protects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. Our previous studies showed that MUC8 gene expression was overexpressed in in vivo polyp epithelium in chronic sinusitis and was also increased by treatment with inflammatory mediators in an in vitro culture condition. However, the mechanisms by which the inflammatory mediators-induced MUC8 gene expression in normal nasal epithelial cells evolved remain unclear. We examined the mechanism by which the important proinflammatory mediator, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, increases MUC8 gene expression levels. We found that pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of ERK MAPK pathway abolished IL-1 beta-induced MUC8 gene expression in normal human nasal epithelial cells. Moreover, the overexpression of wide-type or of the dominant-negative mutant of p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 (RSK1) enhanced or suppressed, respectively, IL-1 beta-induced MUC8 gene expression. RSK1 was found to directly phosphorylate cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and this event led to the stimulation of subsequent CRE-mediated gene transcription. In conclusion, IL-1 beta was found to induce MUC8 gene expression via a sequential ERK/RSK1/CREB pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Seob Song
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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