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Yoshikawa S, Miyake K, Kamiya A, Karasuyama H. The role of basophils in acquired protective immunity to tick infestation. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12804. [PMID: 33124059 PMCID: PMC8244031 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that transmit a variety of pathogens to host animals and humans, causing severe infectious diseases such as Lyme disease. In a certain combination of animal and tick species, tick infestation elicits acquired immunity against ticks in the host, which can reduce the ability of ticks to feed on blood and to transmit pathogens in the following tick infestations. Therefore, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of acquired tick resistance (ATR) can advance the development of anti-tick vaccines to prevent tick infestation and tick-borne diseases. Basophils are a minor population of white blood cells circulating in the bloodstream and are rarely observed in peripheral tissues under steady-state conditions. Basophils have been reported to accumulate at tick-feeding sites during re-infestation in cattle, rabbits, guinea pigs and mice. Selective ablation of basophils resulted in a loss of ATR in guinea pigs and mice, illuminating the essential role of basophils in the manifestation of ATR. In this review, we discuss the recent advance in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying basophil recruitment to the tick-feeding site and basophil-mediated ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular PhysiologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity LaboratoryTMDU Advanced Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Atsunori Kamiya
- Department of Cellular PhysiologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity LaboratoryTMDU Advanced Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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2
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Köhler VK, Crescioli S, Fazekas-Singer J, Bax HJ, Hofer G, Pranger CL, Hufnagl K, Bianchini R, Flicker S, Keller W, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. Filling the Antibody Pipeline in Allergy: PIPE Cloning of IgE, IgG 1 and IgG 4 against the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5693. [PMID: 32784509 PMCID: PMC7460837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Birch pollen allergy is among the most prevalent pollen allergies in Northern and Central Europe. This IgE-mediated disease can be treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which typically gives rise to IgG antibodies inducing tolerance. Although the main mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are known, questions regarding possible Fc-mediated effects of IgG antibodies remain unanswered. This can mainly be attributed to the unavailability of appropriate tools, i.e., well-characterised recombinant antibodies (rAbs). We hereby aimed at providing human rAbs of several classes for mechanistic studies and as possible candidates for passive immunotherapy. We engineered IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 using Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) cloning. We tested IgE functionality and IgG blocking capabilities using appropriate model cell lines. In vitro studies showed IgE engagement with FcεRI and CD23 and Bet v 1-dependent degranulation. Overall, we hereby present fully functional, human IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against Bet v 1 and showcase possible applications in first mechanistic studies. Furthermore, our IgG antibodies might be useful candidates for passive immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Köhler
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Elst J, Sabato V, Hagendorens MM, van Houdt M, Faber MA, Bridts CH, Ebo DG, Mertens C. Basophil Activation Techniques: Staining of Exteriorized Granule Matrix. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2163:213-218. [PMID: 32766978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0696-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basis of traditional flow cytometry allergy diagnosis is measurement of the expression of basophilic surface activation and/or degranulation markers. Basophils, upon encounter with a specific allergen that cross-links surface FcRI-bound IgE antibodies, not only secrete and release quantifiable bioactive mediators but also upregulate the expression of different markers (e.g., CD63, CD203c) which can be detected by multicolor flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. Here, we describe a novel technique that relies upon the staining of exteriorized anionic proteoglycans from a basophil granule matrix by cationic fluorescent avidin probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Elst
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margaretha A Faber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Abstract
Mast cells and basophils play a crucial role during type I hypersensitivity reactions. However, despite efforts to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of allergy and inflammation, our understanding of MC and basophil biology is still relatively scarce. The practical difficulty in obtaining a sufficient number of purified primary cells from biological samples has slowed down the process of reaching a full understanding of the physiological role of these functionally similar cell types. The establishment of several immortalized cell lines has been a useful tool to establish and perform sophisticated laboratory protocols that are impractical using primary cells. Continuous cell lines have been extensively used to investigate allergen/IgE-mediated cell activation, to elucidate the degranulation dynamics, to investigate structural and functional properties of the high-affinity receptor (FcεRI), and to test cell-stabilizing compounds. In this chapter, we review the most widely used and better-characterized MC and basophil cell lines, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. It must be pointed out, however, that while cell lines represent a useful in vitro tool due to their easy manipulability and reduced culture costs, they often show aberrant characteristics which are not fully representative of primary cell physiology; results obtained with such cells therefore must be interpreted with due care.
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van Setten P, Jansen A, Brouwer M, Ruinemans-Koerts J. [New test to detect food allergy: the basophil activation test]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2019; 163:D4196. [PMID: 32073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades the prevalence of food allergies and the allergy-related costs of care have increased considerably. The double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge test is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy. However, this test is not without risk and it is labour-intensive and expensive. In addition, the food challenge test only has limited availability which has led to (long) waiting lists. Therefore, there is a need for a safe, reliable and patient-friendly test to detect food allergy that is also fast and cheap. The basophil activation test is a potentially good alternative, however, it is only available at a few clinics and laboratories in the Netherlands and it can currently only be used for a limited number of allergens - and therefore only in a limited number of patients. National collaboration between laboratories and allergy centres should lead to more knowledge, the consolidation of which will benefit the validation and national implementation of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ad Jansen
- Allergologie Centrum Arnhem/Velp, Velp
| | - Marianne Brouwer
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Nijmegen
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Saretta F, Mori F, Cardinale F, Liotti L, Franceschini F, Crisafulli G, Caimmi S, Bottau P, Bernardini R, Caffarelli C. Pediatric drug hypersensitivity: which diagnostic tests? Acta Biomed 2019; 90:94-107. [PMID: 30830067 PMCID: PMC6502170 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i3-s.8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Along with the anamnesis and clinical evaluation, diagnostic tests are one of the mainstream key points in the evaluation and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). A wide knowledge gap, both in diagnosis and management of pediatric DHR, must be filled. Only a few published studies evaluated sensitivity and specificity of skin and in vitro tests in children. However, selected case series show that diagnostic work-up for adults could be useful, with some limitations, in pediatric age. Indeed, despite improvement in in vivo and in vitro diagnosis, drug provocation test remains the gold standard in pediatric age, too. Unmet needs in children include multi-centric studies on incidence of DHR, utility and feasibility of in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests and specifically dedicated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of DHR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saretta
- Pediatric Department, AAS2 Bassa Friulana-Isontina, Palmanova-Latisana, Italy; Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
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7
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm defined by the chromosome translocation t(9;22) and the related oncogene, BCR-ABL1. In most patients, leukaemic cells can be kept under control using BCR-ABL1-targeting drugs. However, many patients relapse which remains a clinical challenge. In particular, patients with advanced (accelerated or blast phase) CML have a poor prognosis. So far, little is known about molecular and cellular interactions and features that contribute to disease progression and drug resistance in CML. One key prognostic factor at diagnosis is marked basophilia. However, although basophils are well-known multifunctional effector cells, their impact in CML remains uncertain. In this article, we discuss the potential role of basophils as active contributors to disease evolution and progression in CML. In particular, basophils serve as a unique source of inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or hepatocyte growth factor. In addition, basophils provide vasoactive substances, like histamine as well as the cytokine-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase IV which may promote stem cell mobilization and the extramedullary spread of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, basophils may produce autocrine growth factors for myeloid cells. Understanding the role of basophils in CML evolution and progression may support the development of more effective treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology & HemostaseologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster OncologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Michel Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris SaclayCachanFrance
- Laboratory of HematologyPitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
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8
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Abstract
Basophils have become increasingly recognized as important innate immune cells that mediate antihelminth immunity and barrier inflammation. Recent discoveries have uncovered previously unrecognized heterogeneity in basophil populations. However, how diversity in basophil regulation and function impacts human disease remains poorly defined. The goal of the present review is to highlight how new insights into basophil heterogeneity can help us to better understand disease pathogenesis and inform the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8123, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8123, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Parish WE. Substances that attract eosinophils in vitro and in vivo, and that elicit blood eosinophilia. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 2015; 19:233-70. [PMID: 4219117 DOI: 10.1159/000395434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Food allergy (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) is a common clinical problem affecting approximately 15% of children in the Western world. These hypersensitivity reactions tend to be "immediate" (typically within minutes of food exposure), and clinical features may range from mild to life threatening (anaphylaxis). Detailed clinical history is critical to correct diagnosis. Available laboratory tests have limitations not least poor positive predictive value and limited repertoire. Laboratory tests should support clinical diagno sis not vice versa.
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Focke-Tejkl M, Campana R, Reininger R, Lupinek C, Blatt K, Valent P, Pavkov-Keller T, Keller W, Valenta R. Dissection of the IgE and T-cell recognition of the major group 5 grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:836-45.e11. [PMID: 24182774 PMCID: PMC6624141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 belongs to the most potent allergens involved in hay fever and asthma. OBJECTIVE This study characterized immune-dominant IgE- and T-cell-recognition sites of Phl p 5. METHODS Seven peptides, P1 to P7 with a length of 31 to 38 amino acids that spanned the Phl p 5 sequence, were synthesized, characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and tested for IgE reactivity, basophil activation, and T-cell reactivity. Carrier-bound peptides were studied for their ability to induce IgG antibodies in rabbits which recognize Phl p 5 or cross-reactive allergens from different grass species. Peptide-specific antibodies were tested for the capability to inhibit IgE reactivity to Phl p 5 and allergen-induced basophil activation of patients with allergy. RESULTS The peptides exhibited no secondary structure and showed no IgE reactivity or relevant allergenic activity, indicating that Phl p 5 IgE epitopes are conformational. Except for P3, peptide-specific IgG antibodies blocked IgE binding to Phl p 5 of patients with allergy and cross-reacted with temperate grasses. IgE inhibition experiments and molecular modeling identified several clustered conformational IgE epitopes on the N- as well as C-terminal domain of Phl p 5. P4, which stimulated the strongest T-cell and cytokine responses in patients, was not part of the major IgE-reactive regions. CONCLUSION Our study shows an interesting dissociation of the major IgE- and T-cell-reactive domains in Phl p 5 which provides a basis for the development of novel forms of immunotherapy that selectively target IgE or T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Reininger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Poddighe D, Mathias CB, Freyschmidt EJ, Kombe D, Caplan B, Marseglia GL, Oettgen HC. Basophils are rapidly mobilized following initial aeroallergen encounter in naïve mice and provide a priming source of IL-4 in adaptive immune responses. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2014; 28:91-103. [PMID: 24750795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic aeroallergen inhalation elicits the expansion of IL-4-producing Th2 cells and the production of IgE antibodies. In sensitized subjects, who have established IgE and Th2 responses, re-exposure to allergen leads to rapid recruitment of basophils, which are thought to be important effectors of late phase allergic reactions. Several investigations of responses to parasites and injected antigens have identified an additional role for basophils as innate immune effectors during initial antigen encounter in immunologically naïve hosts. These cells constitutively express IL-4 and promote Th2 polarized adaptive responses to such antigens. Their early recruitment and modulation of cellular immune responses to natural inhaled allergens in the airways has been scarcely investigated. In this study, basophils were enumerated in lung tissue, blood and spleen from BALB/c mice in the first days after inhalation of an aqueous extract of the allergen, Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). Af inhalation induced rapid increases in basophil numbers in the lung, blood and spleen. This was Rag-1-, MyD88- and IL-3-independent. The basophils expressed abundant IL-4. Their depletion during Af sensitization resulted in an attenuated induction of both IL-4 producing Th lymphocytes and specific IgE and IgG1 responses to an inhaled protein antigen, ovalbumin, which was co-administered. Our results suggest that basophils are rapidly recruited to the airways of naïve mice following initial fungal allergen exposure, produce IL-4 and influence the development of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C B Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E J Freyschmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Kombe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B Caplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G L Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - H C Oettgen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Carballada F, Guitián L, Nuñez R, Lopez R, Pineda F, Boquete M. Anaphylaxis due to pentoxifylline. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2014; 24:457-458. [PMID: 25668904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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15
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Martínez Arcediano A, Audicana Berasategui MT, Longo Areso N, Ibáñez EF, Balza de Vallejo OV, Velasco Azagra M, Reyes Dominguez SM, Muñoz Lejarazu D. Allergy to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose: Clinical features and the diagnostic value of cetuximab. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2014; 24:450-452. [PMID: 25668901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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16
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Chirumbolo S. Basophil activation test to optimize the diagnosis of adverse effects following immunization to vaccines. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 12:196-202. [PMID: 23893802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects following immunization to vaccines (AEFI) are considered extremely rare events, the occurrence of which could gain a major role in optimizing allergy diagnosis by cellular tests. The urgent need to eradicate infectious diseases from population, is the main goal of vaccination campaign, therefore its successful outcome should be almost undisputable. Basophil Activation Test (BAT) is commonly used to ascertain a type I hypersensitivity reaction, often replacing reasability tests. Therefore, flow cytometry assay of basophil, as performed in BATs, is employed to test if a particular antigen elicits some activatory response from cells. The allergic subject may undergo an AEFI to vaccine not necessarily by an atopic reaction with an allergen within vaccines but because of the existence of an asymptomatic or not diagnosed inflammatory chronic allergy or other immune-disregulating allergy disorder in the subject. BAT, also in its basilar fashion, might be used from a simple heparinized whole blood specimen, but its application in diagnosing allergy before mandatory of facultative vaccination, must be associated to improve other diagnostic tools, at least in its pivotal application. If the application of BAT can be suggested to improve allergy diagnosis by introducing a cellular test in routinely used tools, such as sIgE and SPT, its use, due to possible expertise-consuming and relatively expensive issues, can be included in a specialized allergy consultancy panel as an exploratory approach of allergy inflammation, for which a subject undergoing immunization by vaccines is suggested to undergo and advised to sign an informed consent for BAT performing. This may extend BAT use in many other forms of chronic allergy and immunity disorders related to AEFI with vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Obesity, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
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17
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Prevete N, Staiano RI, Granata F, Detoraki A, Necchi V, Ricci V, Triggiani M, De Paulis A, Marone G, Genovese A. Expression and function of Angiopoietins and their tie receptors in human basophils and mast cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:827-839. [PMID: 24152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Angiopoietin/Tie system is a key regulator of vascular remodeling, maturation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In humans there are three angiopoietins: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and Angiopoietin-4 (Ang4). Ang1 and Ang2 are the best characterized angiopoietins. The angiopoietin receptor system consists of two type I tyrosine kinase receptors (Tie1 and Tie2). Tie2 binds all known angiopoietins. We sought to characterize Ang1, Ang2, Tie1 and Tie2 expression and functions in human basophils and mast cells. Basophils, LAD-2 cells and Human Lung Mast Cells (HLMCs) constitutively express Ang1 and Ang2 mRNA. Intracellular staining for Ang1 and Ang2 was stronger in basophils than in mast cells. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated Ang1 in cytoplasmic vesicles of basophils. The protein kinase C activators phorbol diester (PMA) and bryostatin 1 (Bryo1) stimulated basophils to rapidly release a large amount of Ang1. PMA-induced Ang1 release was inhibited by brefeldin A. Tie1 and Tie2 mRNAs were expressed in basophils, LAD-2 and HLMCs. Basophils, LAD-2 and HLMCs expressed Tie1 on the cell surface. HLMCs and LAD-2 expressed Tie2 on the cell surface, whereas basophils did not. Ang1, but not Ang2, induced migration of mast cells through the engagement of Tie2. Neither Ang1 nor Ang2 induced basophil chemotaxis. We have identified a novel mechanism of cross-talk between human basophils and mast cells mediated by the Ang1/Tie2 system that might be relevant in the orchestration of inflammatory and neoplastic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prevete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Welter S, Dölle S, Lehmann K, Schwarz D, Weckwerth W, Worm M, Franken P. Pepino mosaic virus infection of tomato affects allergen expression, but not the allergenic potential of fruits. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65116. [PMID: 23762294 PMCID: PMC3676362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant pathogen Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a major disease of greenhouse tomato crops worldwide. Plant pathogens can induce expression of defence- or pathogenesis-related proteins, including identified allergens. Therefore we hypothesised that PepMV infection results in the expression of allergens leading to a higher allergenic potential of tomato fruits. Transcript level analyses showed differential expression of 17 known and putative tomato fruit allergen encoding genes at early and late time points after PepMV inoculation, but no general induction was detected. Immunoblot analyses were conducted and IgEs from a serum pool of tomato allergic subjects reacted with 20 proteins, of which ten have not yet been described. In parallel, skin prick tests with a group of tomato allergic subjects did not show a general difference between PepMV infected and non-infected tomato fruits and basophil activation tests confirmed these results. In summary, PepMV infection of tomato plants can lead to long-lasting up-regulation of particular allergens in fruits, but the hypothesis that this results in a higher allergenic potential of the fruits proved invalid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Welter
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Großbeeren, Germany.
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19
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Ventura MT, Buquicchio R, Cecere R, Calogiuri G, Cannito CD, De Donno M, Maietta G. Anaphylactic reaction after the concomitant intravenous administration of corticosteroids and gastroprotective drugs: two case reports. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:589-594. [PMID: 23830408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are therapeutic drugs widely used in cases of allergic, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but sometimes allergic hypersensitivity reactions have been reported as a rare adverse effect of the corticosteroids themselves. Moreover, glucocorticoids can induce gastric lesions; thats why they are sometimes administered intravenously together with some drugs such as proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or inhibitors of histamine-2 receptors (antiH2) working as gastric protectors. Although it is difficult to establish which drug was responsible in case of hypersensitivity reactions, as hypersensitivity reactions following to the use of PPI or anti-H2 have been already described in literature. Here we describe two cases of immediate-type hypersensitivity triggered from the administration of a corticosteroid plus a gastroprotective agent and the diagnostic check up required in both these patients.
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20
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Cho CB, Stutes SA, Altrich ML, Ardoin SP, Phillips G, Ogbogu PU. Autoantibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria and nonurticarial systemic autoimmune disorders. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 110:29-33. [PMID: 23244655 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CU) has been associated with other autoimmune diseases and basophil-activating autoantibodies to FcεRI or IgE. It is unknown whether patients with systemicautoimmune diseases have a similar prevalence of these autoantibodies. OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalences of basophil-activating autoantibodies (elevated CU Index) in patients with CU, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical characteristics and laboratory studies were examined for an association with the CU Index. METHODS Adult patients, 27 with CU, 27 with RA, and 26 with SLE, and 20 healthy controls were compared on the basis of the CU Index panel, anti-IgE, and antithyroid antibodies. RESULTS The CU Index values were significantly higher in the CU group when compared with the RA group but not when compared with the SLE group. 33% of CU, 23% of SLE, 3.7% of RA, and 15% of controls had apositive CU Index. Elevated antithyroid antibody levels did not correlate with a positive CU Index in any of the groups. An elevated CU Index in the SLE group was not associated with age, sex, ethnicity, disease severity, or history of atopy. CONCLUSION The CU Index values were elevated in patients with CU and SLE. The presence of these autoantibodies did not correlate with disease activity or presence of thyroid antibodies. Functional autoantibodies may not be specific for chronic idiopathic urticaria, and their role in nonurticarial systemic autoimmune diseases requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Cho
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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21
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de las Marinas MD, Martorell C, Martorell A, Cerdá JC, Felix R, Guaita M, Sanz ML. Basophil activation test is a useful tool in occupational asthma due to iroko wood. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23:512-514. [PMID: 24654319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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22
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Durham SR, Scadding GW, Phippard D, Wurtzen PA, Shamji MH. Biomarkers of tolerance in response to allergen immunotherapy. Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesinstitut Impfstoffe Biomed Arzneim Langen Hess 2013; 97:75-81. [PMID: 24912316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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23
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Karasuyama H. [Newly discovered roles for basophils in allergy and protective immunity: a neglected minority gains new respect]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2012; 53:1857-1859. [PMID: 23037761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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24
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Hoflehner E, Hufnagl K, Schabussova I, Jasinska J, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Bohle B, Maizels RM, Wiedermann U. Prevention of birch pollen-related food allergy by mucosal treatment with multi-allergen-chimers in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39409. [PMID: 22768077 PMCID: PMC3387141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among birch pollen allergic patients up to 70% develop allergic reactions to Bet v 1-homologue food allergens such as Api g 1 (celery) or Dau c 1 (carrot), termed as birch pollen-related food allergy. In most cases, specific immunotherapy with birch pollen extracts does not reduce allergic symptoms to the homologue food allergens. We therefore genetically engineered a multi-allergen chimer and tested if mucosal treatment with this construct could represent a novel approach for prevention of birch pollen-related food allergy. Methodology BALB/c mice were poly-sensitized with a mixture of Bet v 1, Api g 1 and Dau c 1 followed by a sublingual challenge with carrot, celery and birch pollen extracts. For prevention of allergy sensitization an allergen chimer composed of immunodominant T cell epitopes of Api g 1 and Dau c 1 linked to the whole Bet v 1 allergen, was intranasally applied prior to sensitization. Results Intranasal pretreatment with the allergen chimer led to significantly decreased antigen-specific IgE-dependent β-hexosaminidase release, but enhanced allergen-specific IgG2a and IgA antibodies. Accordingly, IL-4 levels in spleen cell cultures and IL-5 levels in restimulated spleen and cervical lymph node cell cultures were markedly reduced, while IFN-γ levels were increased. Immunomodulation was associated with increased IL-10, TGF-β and Foxp3 mRNA levels in NALT and Foxp3 in oral mucosal tissues. Treatment with anti-TGF-β, anti-IL10R or anti-CD25 antibodies abrogated the suppression of allergic responses induced by the chimer. Conclusion Our results indicate that mucosal application of the allergen chimer led to decreased Th2 immune responses against Bet v 1 and its homologue food allergens Api g 1 and Dau c 1 by regulatory and Th1-biased immune responses. These data suggest that mucosal treatment with a multi-allergen vaccine could be a promising treatment strategy to prevent birch pollen-related food allergy.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/immunology
- Basophils/physiology
- Betula/immunology
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Food Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Food Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Food Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/drug effects
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hoflehner
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna Jasinska
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Raap U, Wieczorek D, Schenck F, Kapp A, Wedi B. The basophil activation test is a helpful diagnostic tool in anaphylaxis to sesame with false-negative specific IgE and negative skin test. Allergy 2011; 66:1497-9. [PMID: 21752028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Raap
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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Iwaki K, Ohashi E, Arai N, Kohno K, Ushio S, Taniguchi M, Fukuda S. Tryptanthrin inhibits Th2 development, and IgE-mediated degranulation and IL-4 production by rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134:450-459. [PMID: 21216280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tryptanthrin is a compound isolated from Polygonum tinctorium, which is a known folk medicine with various biological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Allergic diseases are initiated by the development of allergen-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and amplified by the degranulation of and cytokine release from basophils and mast cells during an effector phase. We found that Tryptanthrin could down-regulate IL-4 production by Th2 cells, while IFN-γ production by Th1 cells was not affected. Since IL-4 produced by basophils and effector Th2 cells has been shown to play important roles in the development and amplification of Th2-dominated allergic responses, we examined the effects of Tryptanthrin on the initiation and effector phase responses of Type I allergy in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the mechanisms of Tryptanthrin-induced down-regulation of IL-4 production, the expression of Th2-specific transcription factors, c-Maf and GATA-3, was analyzed by RT-PCR. The effects of Tryptanthrin on Th cell differentiation were evaluated using CD4(+) T cells purified from spleen cells of Sugi basic protein (SBP)-immunized BALB/c mice. In primary cultures, cells were stimulated with SBP and antigen-presenting cells under neutral or Th2-skewing conditions in the presence or absence of Tryptanthrin. Cytokines produced by differentiated Th cells in secondary cultures were analyzed by ELISA. The effects of Tryptanthrin on IgE-mediated degranulation and IL-4 production were determined using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in Tryptanthrin-treated RBL-2H3 cells was analyzed to determine the mechanism of Tryptanthrin actions. RESULTS Tryptanthrin suppressed c-Maf mRNA expression in Th2 clone cells, and even under Th2-skewing conditions, Tryptanthrin inhibited differentiation toward the Th2 phenotype, which is an essential event for the initiation phase of allergic diseases. Tryptanthrin also inhibited the IgE-mediated degranulation of and IL-4 production by RBL-2H3 cells, probably due to inhibiting IgE-mediated signaling pathways, including the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Tryptanthrin effectively inhibits the effector and exacerbation responses, as well as the initiator responses, of Type I allergy. Thus, Tryptanthrin may have beneficial effects for immediate-type allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanso Iwaki
- Drugs, Cosmetics and Chemicals Development Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Japan
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27
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Abstract
Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) is a major prostanoid, produced mainly by mast cells, in allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma. PGD₂-induced vasodilatation and increased permeability are well-known classical effects that may be involved in allergic inflammation. Recently, novel functions of PGD₂ have been identified. To date, D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on T(H)2 cells (CRTH2) have been shown to be major PGD₂-related receptors. These two receptors have pivotal roles mediating allergic diseases by regulating the functions of various cell types, such as T(H)2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. This review will focus on the current understanding of the roles of PGD₂ and its metabolites in T(H)2 inflammation and the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Arima
- Department of Developmental Genetics (H2), Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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28
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Sabato V, van Hengel AJ, De Knop KJ, Verweij MM, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Schiavino D, Stevens WJ, Ebo DG. Basophil activation reveals divergent patient-specific responses to thermally processed peanuts. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2011; 21:527-531. [PMID: 22312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of processing on the allergenicity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) proteins has traditionally been studied using immunoglobulin (Ig) E binding assay. However, as this technique does not assess the potential of an allergen to trigger basophils and mast cells, studies based on it can hardly be considered complete. We evaluated the effect of processing on peanut allergenicity using flow-cytometric quantification of in vitro basophil activation (basophil activation test [BAT]). PATIENTS AND METHODS Basophils from 10 patients with severe peanut allergy and 3 peanut-tolerant individuals were stimulated with extracts from 5 raw and thermally processed peanut varieties. Data were compared using protein staining (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE]) and IgE immunoblotting. RESULTS Stimulation with different extracts resulted in patient-dependent and variety-dependent effects on basophil activation. SDS-PAGE revealed a considerable loss of identifiable bands, especially for the South Africa Common Natal, Argentina Runner, and US Virginia varieties. The results of IgE immunoblotting in patients were similar, irrespective of the responses observed in the BAT. CONCLUSIONS The impact of thermal processing on the capacity of peanuts to trigger basophils seems highly divergent between patients and cannot be predicted using SDS-PAGE or IgE binding. BAT can be considered a complementary tool for the evaluation of food allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Braga M, Quecchia C, Cavallucci E, Di Giampaolo L, Schiavone C, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M. T regulatory cells in allergy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:55S-64S. [PMID: 21329567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive understanding of the nature and mechanisms of T regulatory (Treg) cells in the last decade has changed the concept of immune tolerance, that is no longer considered as a mere lack of immune reactivity but as a finely regulated process that requires specific activity of cells, adhesion and secreted molecules. Tregs play a key role in maintenance of self-tolerance and induction of tolerance against ubiquitous innocuous non-self antigens, so preventing the onset of autoimmune diseases and allergies. This review will focus on the Treg response in allergy that is characterized by a down-regulation of allergen specific T cell proliferation and inhibition of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines production. Hence, Treg cells suppress allergen-specific Th1 and Th2 cell responses playing an important role in the physiological immune response to allergens. Further, Treg cells are able to suppress IgE production by B lymphocytes and directly or indirectly inhibit the activity of allergic inflammation effector cells, namely eosinophils, basophils and mastcells. Finally, increasing evidence suggests that Treg cells are also implicated in chronicity development of inflammatory diseases. This appears to happen through a fine interaction they entertain with resident tissue cells and has been particularly highlighted in the study of airways remodeling in asthma. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying allergen tolerance has brought new interest in the development of new allergy treatment, able to target Treg cells, both in allergy prevention and in the therapy of established allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braga
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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30
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Zheng X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Yan D, Tu L, Zhang X. [Anaphylactoid reaction induced by Qingkailing injection via basophils cells degranulation]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2010; 35:2904-2907. [PMID: 21322956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Qingkailing injection on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release, and discuss the possible mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction induced by Qingkailing injection. METHOD RBL-2H3 cells were incubated with Qingkailing injection for 30 min. Then the morphological changes of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell degranulation rate was detected by Alcian blue dye assay, Annexin V binding assay and beta-hexosaminidase assay, and cell histamine release rate was detected by ELISA. RESULT Different concentration of Qingkailing injection can induce the typical morphological changes in RBL-2H3 cell with degranulation. The rates of degranulation and histamine release in Qingkailing injection treated cells were significantly increased and dose-dependent. CONCLUSION RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release can be induced by single administration of Qingkailing injection, and then induced anaphylactoid reaction, which may be one of the possible mechanisms of serious adverse induced by Qingkailing injection for the first administration in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zheng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
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31
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Krause S, Latendorf T, Schmidt H, Darcan-Nicolaisen Y, Reese G, Petersen A, Janssen O, Becker WM. Peanut varieties with reduced Ara h 1 content indicating no reduced allergenicity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:381-7. [PMID: 19866467 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a major cause of food-induced severe anaphylactic reactions. To date, no medical care is available to prevent and treat peanut allergy and therefore hypoallergenic peanut varieties are of considerable health political and economic interest. Major allergens that induce IgE-responses in peanut-sensitive patients are Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4. In order to identify hypoallergenic peanuts, commercially locally available peanut varieties were screened for their allergen content. Ara h 1-deficient peanuts from Southeast Asia were identified by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, inhibition assays and ELISA. 2-D PAGE analyses demonstrated the different compositions of the tested extracts and revealed a number of variations of the allergen patterns of peanuts from different varieties. Mediator release experiments of these peanut extracts demonstrated similar allergenicities as compared with standard peanut extract. These results indicate that the allergenicity of peanuts with reduced Ara h 1 content might be compensated by the other allergens, and thus do not necessarily cause a reduction of allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krause
- Research Center Borstel, Molecular und Clinical Allergology, Borstel, Germany
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Bedanova I, Chloupek J, Chloupek P, Knotkova Z, Voslarova E, Pistekova V, Vecerek V. Responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to chronic intermittent noise exposure in broilers. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2010; 123:186-191. [PMID: 20496823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to specify full leukocytic responses in broilers to chronic intermittent noise exposure at two different levels (70 and 80 dB) and to assess the effect of the timing of the beginning of exposure to intermittent noise (from day 1 or day 7 of fattening). Noise treatment of 80 dB resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) elevation of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (HLR) indicating a stress response of the broilers to the noise stimulus at the level of 80 dB in the course of fattening, in contrast to the 70 dB noise that did not cause any significant changes in HLR when compared to the control without noise treatment. Noise treatment of both 70 and 80 dB intensities also resulted in a significant elevation of basophil granulocytes. We found a different leukocytic response in broilers exposed to chronic intermittent noise from the first day of fattening in comparison to broilers exposed to this noise stimulus from the seventh day. There was a significantly smaller total number of leukocytes (P < 0.01) and significantly smaller differential counts of heterophils (P < 0.01), lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and basophils (P < 0.05) in broilers treated with noise (both 70 dB and 80 dB) from day 7 (group Day7) than in broilers treated with noise from day 1 (group Day 1). Differential counts of eosinophils and monocytes were not affected by the time of exposure to intermittent noise in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Bedanova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Czech Republic.
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33
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Ebo DG, Kuehn A, Bridts CH, Hilger C, Hentges F, Stevens WJ. Monosensitivity to pangasius and tilapia caused by allergens other than parvalbumin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:84-88. [PMID: 20232779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish allergy is one of the most common food allergies in populations where fish is a major part of the diet. Most fish-allergic patients react to the panallergen parvalbumin present in multiple fish species. Our aim was to investigate the clinical case of a patient with oral allergy syndrome to pangasius and Nile tilapia but tolerance of other fish and seafood. The temporal relationship between fish consumption and allergic symptoms, the positive skin prick tests, and the basophil activation test results for both fish species strongly supported the diagnosis of an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergy. This was confirmed by the detection of specific IgE to 18-kDa and 45-kDa proteins in immunoblot analysis. Notably, the patient was not sensitized to parvalbumin, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified allergens. Cross-reactivity between fish species can result from sensitization to allergens other than parvalbumin. This case report emphasizes the applications of flow cytometry-assisted analysis in the diagnosis of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ebo
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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34
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Sousa N, Martínez-Aranguren R, Fernández-Benitez M, Ribeiro F, Sanz ML. Comparison of basophil activation test results in blood preserved in acid citrate dextrose and EDTA. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:535-536. [PMID: 21243941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Sousa
- Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospitals, Portugal.
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35
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De Weck AL, Sanz ML, Gamboa PM, Jermann JM, Kowalski M, Medrala W, Sainte-Laudy J, Schneider MS, Weber JM, Wolanczyk-Medrala A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity syndrome: a multicenter study. II. Basophil activation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its impact on pathogenesis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:39-57. [PMID: 20232773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who are clinically hypersensitive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) sometimes present basophil activation in vitro, and in 50% of cases a parallel response to release of sulfidoleukotrienes (cellular allergen stimulation test) is observed. These phenomena occur not only in clinically hypersensitive patients, but also in some healthy controls who tolerate NSAIDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 16 clinically hypersensitive patients, 22 controls tolerating NSAIDs, and 29 healthy blood donors (clinical NSAID status unknown) using 2 different basophil isolation techniques (buffy coat or plasma leukocytes). RESULTS In a population of 13 aspirin-tolerant healthy controls and 29 healthy blood donors, basophil activation with aspirin, diclofenac, and naproxen was analyzed at 4 different concentrations. The results in the 2 groups were quite similar in qualitative terms. Choosing a cutoff of 5% and a stimulation index >2, the proportion of positive results increased with the concentration. There were more positive results at all concentrations using the plasma leukocyte technique. CONCLUSIONS The most important finding of this study is that basophil activation by NSAIDs occurs not only in clinically hypersensitive patients but also, to a very variable extent and on an individual basis, in apparently normal healthy individuals who tolerate NSAIDs. The phenomenon is clearly dose-related, and hypersensitive patients seem to react to lower NSAID concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L De Weck
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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36
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Mukai K, Obata K, Tsujimura Y, Karasuyama H. [The roles for basophils in allergy]. Nihon Rinsho 2009; 67:2095-2099. [PMID: 19899522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Basophils are the least common granulocytes, and account for less than 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. Because of this minority status and their phenotypic similarity to mast cells, basophils have often been neglected in immunological studies or considered to have minor, redundant roles in immune responses in vivo. We have recently demonstrated that basophils play critical roles in IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis and IgE-mediated chronic allergic inflammation. Basophils also promote the Th2 differentiation and enhance the humoral memory response. Thus, basophils are a key player in both immune regulation and allergic responses. Basophils and their products seem to be promising therapeutic targets for allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School
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37
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Moyer CF, Jerome WG, Taylor R, Tulli H, Reinisch CL. Autoimmune Vasculitis in Mrl/Mp-Lpr/Lpr Mice: Orthochromatic Basophils Participate in the Development Of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Angiitis. Autoimmunity 2009; 12:159-65. [PMID: 1343764 DOI: 10.3109/08916939209148455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune vasculitis is poorly understood. Understanding the immunologic mechanisms governing this disease requires precise identification of the cells which comprise the lesion. In this report, we have evaluated tissue sections from MRL/lpr mice from 16 to 45 weeks of age, representing all stages of clinical vasculitis. We demonstrate that basophil myelocytes participate in the evolution of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response which initiates and perpetuates autoimmune vasculitis in these mice. These findings raise questions regarding the immunologic mechanisms by which basophils develop in this lesion and the interaction of basophils. VSMCs and lymphocytes in vasculitic angiodestruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Moyer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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38
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Shim SY, Choi JS, Byun DS. Inhibitory effects of phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera on Fc(epsilon)RI expression. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4734-9. [PMID: 19443227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two bioactive phloroglucinol derivatives, dioxinodehydroeckol (DHE) and phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A) were isolated from edible marine brown alga, Ecklonia stolonifera, and evaluated for effects on cell surface Fc(epsilon)RI expression in KU812F cells. DHE and PFF-A were found to reduce the cell surface expression, and total cellular protein and mRNA levels for the Fc(epsilon)RI alpha chain. Moreover, both compounds exerted inhibitory effects against the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i) and histamine release from anti-Fc(epsilon)RI alpha chain antibody (CRA-1)-stimulated cells. These inhibitory effects were stronger for PFF-A than for DHE. These results show that two phloroglucinol derivatives, DHE and PFF-A, may exert anti-allergic effects via the inhibition of Fc(epsilon)RI expression, calcium influx, and degranulation in basophils, and contributes to the pharmacological activities of marine brown alga, including E. stolonifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yup Shim
- Institute of Marine Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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39
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Karasuyama H. [An exciting new era of basophil research: newly discovered roles for basophils in acute and chronic allergic reactions]. Arerugi 2009; 58:635-637. [PMID: 19571656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School
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40
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Abstract
Basophils comprise the smallest population in human peripheral blood leukocytes. The role of basophils in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has long been obscure, although their accumulation and activation in tissues have suggested their potential importance. Recent advances in the field of basophil biology have indicated that cytokines and chemokines are the primary regulators of basophil functions. In addition, various functions of these cells seem differently modulated. The evidence strongly supports the notion that basophils exposed to these substances and allergens will behave as unique effector cells that presumably play proinflammatory roles in type I allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
Basophils and mast cells are major players in the progression of allergic disorders. Although both cell types originate from hematopoietic stem cells, their lineage commitment pathways and mechanisms have been unsolved issues in hematology. Recent advances in the multicolor FACS system enable the prospective isolation of progenitor populations whose readouts are restricted to basophil and/or mast cell lineages. These newly-isolated progenitor subsets are helpful to understand the developmental machinery of basophil and mast cell lineages, leading to the possible exploitation of a novel therapeutic strategy for allergic and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the basophil/mast cell ontogeny on a cellular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojiro Arinobu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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42
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Wolanczyk-Medrala A, Barg W, Gogolewski G, Panaszek B, Liebhart J, Litwa M, Medrala W. Influence of hyperosmotic conditions on basophil CD203c upregulation in patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Ann Agric Environ Med 2009; 16:301-304. [PMID: 20047266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased in vitro basophil activation in buffers of slightly elevated osmolarity in 2 cases of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is presented. These data may suggest the importance of basophil activation degree in pathogenesis of this life threatening syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolanczyk-Medrala
- Prof. Wojciech Medrala, MD, Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Traugutta 57/59, 50-417 Wroclaw, Poland
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Tsujimura Y. [Renaissance of basophil biology in 21st century discovery of unexpected and unique functions of basophil in vivo]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2008; 49:489-497. [PMID: 18709981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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45
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Karasuyama H. [Novel role of basophils in chronic allergic inflammation]. Seikagaku 2007; 79:761-8. [PMID: 17877022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Karasuyama
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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46
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Allen LC, Kepley CL, Saxon A, Zhang K. Modifications to an Fcgamma-Fcvarepsilon fusion protein alter its effectiveness in the inhibition of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated functions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:462-8. [PMID: 17543377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GE2, a human bifunctional Fcgamma-Fcvarepsilon fusion protein cross-links FcgammaRIIb and FcvarepsilonRI on human mast cells and basophils and results in inhibition of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated functions. OBJECTIVE Three modified Fcgamma-Fcvarepsilon (GE) proteins were compared with GE2 for their effect on inhibition of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated cellular responses. METHODS GE2 was modified to potentially improve its therapeutic efficacy by increasing binding to FcgammaRIIb (GE S mutant) and decreasing binding to FcgammaRIII (GE H mutant) or reversing the Fcgamma and Fcvarepsilon domains and removing nonhuman linker sequences (E2G). These proteins were tested for their ability to bind a basophil-like cell line, block FcvarepsilonRI-mediated degranulation in human basophils, and inhibit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in human FcvarepsilonRIalpha-transgenic mice. RESULTS All 4 GE proteins bound cells that express FcvarepsilonRI and FcgammaRIIb, although the original GE2 retained the strongest ability to bind to these cells. E2G was as effective as GE2 in its ability to inhibit anti-Fel d 1 IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophils and block passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions. The GE S and GE H mutants were less effective. CONCLUSION Optimization of GE2 as an inhibitor of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated functions showed that effectiveness was maintained when potentially immunogenic linker sequences were removed and Ig domain positions were reversed, but specific residue changes within the IgG C(H)2 domain aimed at enhancing GE2's inhibitory function by increasing FcgammaRII binding or additionally decreasing FcgammaRIII binding were not beneficial. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS GE2 and E2G molecules are effective inhibitors of FcvarepsilonRI-mediated degranulation and are of interest as potential therapeutics for IgE-mediated allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chan Allen
- Hart and Louise Lyon Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology/Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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47
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Abstract
Protein Fv was isolated and purified by Jean Pierre Bouvet and collaborators in 1990 from stool extracts of patients affected by viral hepatitis B or C. This protein was also identified and purified in biological samples in experimental viral hepatitis. Under normal conditions, protein Fv is synthesized in low concentrations by the human liver, and is increased in biological fluids of patients with viral hepatitis. This protein binds with high affinity to the variable domain of the heavy chains of all human immunoglobulins. Thus, it is an endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen because it binds to human immunoglobulin of the VH3 family. This protein also acts as a superallergen because it activates human basophils and mast cells through the high-affinity interaction with IgE VH3+. The mechanism of activation of immune cells by protein Fv represents a new pathogenetic cascade consisting of viral infection, endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen/superallergen production and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bouvet
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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48
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Marone G, Rossi FW, Detoraki A, Granata F, Marone G, Genovese A, Spadaro G. Role of superallergens in allergic disorders. Chem Immunol Allergy 2007; 93:195-213. [PMID: 17369707 DOI: 10.1159/000100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A significant percentage of allergic diseases (e.g. certain cases of intrinsic asthma, chronic idiopathic urticaria, and atopic dermatitis) cannot be explained by the classical mechanisms of IgE/allergen-mediated activation of basophils and mast cells. We found that protein Fv, an endogenous protein synthesized in the human liver and increased during viral hepatitis, act as a superallergen by binding to IgE of the VH3 family and activating human basophils and mast cells. Similarly, envelope gp120 of HIV-1 and protein A of Staphylococcus aureus are viral and bacterial superallergens, respectively, because they interact with IgE VH3+. Protein L binds to the V domain of he kappa light chains of IgE. Our results demonstrate that endogenous, viral and bacterial products activate primary effector cells of allergic disorders to release proinflammatory mediators and cytokines thereby acting as immunoglobulin superantigens (superallergens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Marone
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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Zorita I, Bilbao E, Schad A, Cancio I, Soto M, Cajaraville MP. Tissue- and cell-specific expression of metallothionein genes in cadmium- and copper-exposed mussels analyzed by in situ hybridization and RT–PCR. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 220:186-96. [PMID: 17350662 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-inducible proteins that can be used as biomarkers of metal exposure. In mussels two families of MT isoforms (MT10 and MT20) have been characterized. In this study, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to 200 ppb Cd and 40 ppb Cu for 2 and 9 days to characterize the tissue and isoform specificity of metal-induced MT expression. Non-radioactive in situ hybridization demonstrated that both MT isoforms were mainly transcribed in digestive tubule epithelial cells, especially in basophilic cells. Weaker MT expression was detected in non-ciliated duct cells, stomach and gill epithelial cells, haemocytes, adipogranular cells, spermatic follicles and oocytes. RT-PCR resulted in cloning of a novel M. galloprovincialis isoform homologous to recently cloned Mytilus edulis intron-less MT10B isoform. In gills, Cd only affected MT10 gene expression after 2 days of exposure while increases in MT protein levels occurred at day 9. In the digestive gland, a marked increase of both isoforms, but especially of MT20, was accompanied by increased levels of MT proteins and basophilic cell volume density (Vv(BAS)) after 2 and 9 days and of intralysosomal metal accumulation in digestive cells after 9 days. Conversely, although metal was accumulated in digestive cells lysosomes and the Vv(BAS) increased in Cu-exposed mussels, Cu exposure did not produce an increase of MT gene expression or MT protein levels. These data suggest that MTs are expressed in a tissue-, cell- and isoform-specific way in response to different metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zorita
- Lab. Cell Biology and Histology, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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50
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Pkhakadze ID, Gogiashvili LE, Tsagareli ZG. [Morphological correlate of newborns peripheral blood cells with activity of maternal cytomegalovirus infection]. Georgian Med News 2007:77-80. [PMID: 17525507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood cells specimens were analyzed electron microscopically in 14 newborns with congenital CMV infection (I group) and in 11 newborns with sub clinical form of CMV infection (II group) to correlate the ultra structural features of the neonates' blood cells with the maternal CMV activity in active primary and reactivated latent CMV infection forms. Control - 20 healthy newborns. The groups were arranged according the data of immune testing on IgM and IgG antibodies using ELIZA method. Criteria for cases were: 1) neonatal death and 2) severe respiratory distress or central nervous system-related symptoms at birth. In group I ultra structural findings of basophiles and lymphocytes indicate on severe damages of cells related to high risk (35%) of vertical transmission of CMV infection by placenta. In group II with relative less risk of the vertical transmission (20%) in latent reactivated CMV infection in blood cells, especially, lymphocytes, the structural changes such apoptosis and necrosis were found. The data obtained suggest the presence of significant premorbid background with subclinical course of CMV infection and structural damages of blood cells in newborns.
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