1
|
Huang H, Curin M, Banerjee S, Chen K, Garmatiuk T, Resch‐Marat Y, Carvalho‐Queiroz C, Blatt K, Gafvelin G, Grönlund H, Valent P, Campana R, Focke‐Tejkl M, Valenta R, Vrtala S. A hypoallergenic peptide mix containing T cell epitopes of the clinically relevant house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2019; 74:2461-2478. [PMID: 31228873 PMCID: PMC7078969 DOI: 10.1111/all.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background In the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p 1, 2, 5, 7, 21, and 23 have been identified as the most important allergens. The aim of this study was to define hypoallergenic peptides derived from the sequences of the six allergens and to use the peptides and the complete allergens to study antibody, T cell, and cytokine responses in sensitized and nonsensitized subjects. Methods IgE reactivity of HDM‐allergic and non‐HDM‐sensitized individuals to 15 HDM allergens was established using ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. Thirty‐three peptides covering the sequences of the six HDM allergens were synthesized. Allergens and peptides were tested for IgE and IgG reactivity by ELISA and ImmunoCAP, respectively. Allergenic activity was determined by basophil activation. CD4+ T cell and cytokine responses were determined in PBMC cultures by CFSE dilution and Luminex technology, respectively. Results House dust mite allergics showed IgE reactivity only to complete allergens, whereas 31 of the 33 peptides lacked relevant IgE reactivity and allergenic activity. IgG antibodies of HDM‐allergic and nonsensitized subjects were directed against peptide epitopes and higher allergen‐specific IgG levels were found in HDM allergics. PBMC from HDM‐allergics produced higher levels of IL‐5 whereas non‐HDM‐sensitized individuals mounted higher levels of IFN‐gamma, IL‐17, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and IL‐10. Conclusion IgG antibodies in HDM‐allergic patients recognize peptide epitopes which are different from the epitopes recognized by IgE. This may explain why naturally occurring allergen‐specific IgG antibodies do not protect against IgE‐mediated allergic inflammation. A mix of hypoallergenic peptides containing T cell epitopes of the most important HDM allergens was identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huey‐Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Kuan‐Wei Chen
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tetiana Garmatiuk
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch‐Marat
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Claudia Carvalho‐Queiroz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology&Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology&Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Laboratory for Immunopathology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eisenwort G, Sadovnik I, Schwaab J, Jawhar M, Keller A, Stefanzl G, Berger D, Blatt K, Hoermann G, Bilban M, Willmann M, Winding C, Sperr WR, Arock M, Rülicke T, Reiter A, Valent P. Identification of a leukemia-initiating stem cell in human mast cell leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2673-2684. [PMID: 30953030 PMCID: PMC6839966 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a highly fatal malignancy characterized by devastating expansion of immature mast cells in various organs. Although considered a stem cell disease, little is known about MCL-propagating neoplastic stem cells. We here describe that leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in MCL reside within a CD34+/CD38− fraction of the clone. Whereas highly purified CD34+/CD38− cells engrafted NSGhSCF mice with fully manifesting MCL, no MCL was produced by CD34+/CD38+ progenitors or the bulk of KIT+/CD34− mast cells. CD34+/CD38− MCL cells invariably expressed CD13 and CD133, and often also IL-1RAP, but did not express CD25, CD26 or CLL-1. CD34+/CD38− MCL cells also displayed several surface targets, including CD33, which was homogenously expressed on MCL LSC in all cases, as well as the D816V mutant form of KIT. Whereas CD34+/CD38− cells were resistant against single drugs, exposure to combinations of CD33-targeting and KIT-targeting drugs resulted in LSC-depletion and markedly reduced engraftment in NSGhSCF mice. Together, MCL LSCs are CD34+/CD38− cells that express distinct profiles of markers and target antigens. Characterization of MCL LSCs should facilitate their purification and should support the development of LSC-eradicating curative treatment approaches in this fatal type of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandra Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals & Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Winding
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Arock
- Cellular and Molecular Oncology, LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94230, Cachan, France
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Najafi N, Hofer G, Gattinger P, Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Selb R, Stoecklinger A, Keller W, Valent P, Niederberger V, Thalhamer J, Valenta R, Flicker S. Fusion proteins consisting of Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 form IgE-reactive aggregates with reduced allergenic activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4006. [PMID: 30850635 PMCID: PMC6408504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-linking of effector cell-bound IgE antibodies by allergens induces the release of inflammatory mediators which are responsible for the symptoms of allergy. We demonstrate that a recombinant hybrid molecule consisting of the major birch (Bet v 1) and grass (Phl p 5) pollen allergen exhibited reduced allergenic activity as compared to equimolar mixes of the isolated allergens in basophil activation experiments. The reduced allergenic activity of the hybrid was not due to reduced IgE reactivity as demonstrated by IgE binding experiments using sera from allergic patients. Physicochemical characterization of the hybrid by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, negative-stain electron microscopy and circular dichroism showed that the hybrid occurred as folded aggregate whereas the isolated allergens were folded monomeric proteins. IgG antibodies raised in rabbits against epitopes of Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 showed reduced reactivity with the hybrid compared to the monomeric allergens. Our results thus demonstrate that aggregation can induce changes in the conformation of allergens and lead to the reduction of allergenic activity. This is a new mechanism for reducing the allergenic activity of allergens which may be important for modifying allergens to exhibit reduced side effects when used for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Najafi
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Gattinger
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stoecklinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - W Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blatt K, Euler U, Messer M, Hassan M. Die Einbindung der Patientenperspektive – bewährte Praxis oder Zukunft? Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Blatt
- IQTIG, Fachbereich Befragung, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - U Euler
- IQTIG, Fachbereich Befragung, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - M Messer
- IQTIG, Fachbereich Befragung, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - M Hassan
- IQTIG, Fachbereich Befragung, Berlin, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gadermaier E, Marth K, Lupinek C, Campana R, Hofer G, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Roder U, Focke-Tejkl M, Vrtala S, Keller W, Valent P, Valenta R, Flicker S. Isolation of a high-affinity Bet v 1-specific IgG-derived ScFv from a subject vaccinated with hypoallergenic Bet v 1 fragments. Allergy 2018; 73:1425-1435. [PMID: 29315611 PMCID: PMC6032869 DOI: 10.1111/all.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives have been used in clinical immunotherapy studies, and clinical efficacy seems to be related to the induction of blocking IgG antibodies recognizing the wild‐type allergens. However, so far no treatment‐induced IgG antibodies have been characterized. Objective To clone, express, and characterize IgG antibodies induced by vaccination with two hypoallergenic recombinant fragments of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1 in a nonallergic subject. Methods A phage‐displayed combinatorial single‐chain fragment (ScFv) library was constructed from blood of the immunized subject and screened for Bet v 1‐reactive antibody fragments. ScFvs were tested for specificity and cross‐reactivity to native Bet v 1 and related pollen and food allergens, and epitope mapping was performed. Germline ancestor genes of the antibody were analyzed with the ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) database. The affinity to Bet v 1 and cross‐reactive allergens was determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. The ability to inhibit patients’ IgE binding to ELISA plate‐bound allergens and allergen‐induced basophil activation was assessed. Results A combinatorial ScFv library was obtained from the vaccinated donor after three injections with the Bet v 1 fragments. Despite being almost in germline configuration, ScFv (clone H3‐1) reacted with high affinity to native Bet v 1 and homologous allergens, inhibited allergic patients’ polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, and partially suppressed allergen‐induced basophil activation. Conclusion Immunization with unfolded hypoallergenic allergen derivatives induces high‐affinity antibodies even in nonallergic subjects which recognize the folded wild‐type allergens and inhibit polyclonal IgE binding of allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - G. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - D. Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - U. Roder
- GE Healthcare Europe GmbH; Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - W. Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; BioTechMed, University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia; Moscow Russia
| | - S. Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology; Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Vienna General Hospital; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blatt K, Menzl I, Eisenwort G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Herrmann H, Herndlhofer S, Stefanzl G, Sadovnik I, Berger D, Keller A, Hauswirth A, Hoermann G, Willmann M, Rülicke T, Sill H, Sperr WR, Mannhalter C, Melo JV, Jäger U, Sexl V, Valent P. Phenotyping and Target Expression Profiling of CD34 +/CD38 - and CD34 +/CD38 + Stem- and Progenitor cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Neoplasia 2018; 20:632-642. [PMID: 29772458 PMCID: PMC5994777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are an emerging target of curative anti-leukemia therapy. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), LSCs frequently express CD34 and often lack CD38. However, little is known about markers and targets expressed in ALL LSCs. We have examined marker- and target expression profiles in CD34+/CD38− LSCs in patients with Ph+ ALL (n = 22) and Ph− ALL (n = 27) by multi-color flow cytometry and qPCR. ALL LSCs expressed CD19 (B4), CD44 (Pgp-1), CD123 (IL-3RA), and CD184 (CXCR4) in all patients tested. Moreover, in various subgroups of patients, LSCs also displayed CD20 (MS4A1) (10/41 = 24%), CD22 (12/20 = 60%), CD33 (Siglec-3) (20/48 = 42%), CD52 (CAMPATH-1) (17/40 = 43%), IL-1RAP (13/29 = 45%), and/or CD135 (FLT3) (4/20 = 20%). CD25 (IL-2RA) and CD26 (DPPIV) were expressed on LSCs in Ph+ ALL exhibiting BCR/ABL1p210, whereas in Ph+ ALL with BCR/ABL1p190, LSCs variably expressed CD25 but did not express CD26. In Ph− ALL, CD34+/CD38− LSCs expressed IL-1RAP in 6/18 patients (33%), but did not express CD25 or CD26. Normal stem cells stained negative for CD25, CD26 and IL-1RAP, and expressed only low amounts of CD52. In xenotransplantation experiments, CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ cells engrafted NSG mice after 12–20 weeks, and targeting with antibodies against CD33 and CD52 resulted in reduced engraftment. Together, LSCs in Ph+ and Ph− ALL display unique marker- and target expression profiles. In Ph+ ALL with BCR/ABL1p210, the LSC-phenotype closely resembles the marker-profile of CD34+/CD38− LSCs in chronic myeloid leukemia, confirming the close biologic relationship of these neoplasms. Targeting of LSCs with specific antibodies or related immunotherapies may facilitate LSC eradication in ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Menzl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hauswirth
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Mannhalter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Junia V Melo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eckl-Dorna J, Fröschl R, Lupinek C, Kiss R, Gattinger P, Marth K, Campana R, Mittermann I, Blatt K, Valent P, Selb R, Mayer A, Gangl K, Steiner I, Gamper J, Perkmann T, Zieglmayer P, Gevaert P, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Intranasal administration of allergen increases specific IgE whereas intranasal omalizumab does not increase serum IgE levels-A pilot study. Allergy 2018; 73:1003-1012. [PMID: 29083477 PMCID: PMC5969304 DOI: 10.1111/all.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Administration of the therapeutic anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab to patients induces strong increases in IgE antibody levels. Objective To investigate the effect of intranasal administration of major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, omalizumab or placebo on the levels of total and allergen‐specific IgE in patients with birch pollen allergy. Methods Based on the fact that intranasal allergen application induces rises of systemic allergen‐specific IgE, we performed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot trial in which birch pollen allergic subjects were challenged intranasally with omalizumab, placebo or birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Total and allergen‐specific IgE, IgG and basophil sensitivity were measured before and 8 weeks after challenge. For control purposes, total, allergen‐specific IgE levels and omalizumab‐IgE complexes as well as specific IgG levels were studied in subjects treated subcutaneously with either omalizumab or placebo. Effects of omalizumab on IgE production by IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐treated PBMCs from allergic patients were studied in vitro. Results Intranasal challenge with Bet v 1 induced increases in Bet v 1‐specific IgE levels by a median of 59.2%, and this change differed significantly from the other treatment groups (P = .016). No relevant change in allergen‐specific and total IgE levels was observed in subjects challenged with omalizumab. Addition of omalizumab did not enhance IL‐4/anti‐CD40‐induced IgE production in vitro. Significant rises in total IgE (mean IgE before: 131.83 kU/L to mean IgE after: 505.23 kU/L) and the presence of IgE‐omalizumab complexes were observed after subcutaneous administration of omalizumab. Conclusion Intranasal administration of allergen induced rises of allergen‐specific IgE levels, whereas intranasal administration of omalizumab did not enhance systemic total or allergen‐specific IgE levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Fröschl
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Kiss
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Gattinger
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Marth
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Campana
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Mittermann
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Mayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - I. Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Gamper
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Section for Medical Statistics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Perkmann
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - P. Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory (URL); Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schneeweiss M, Peter B, Bibi S, Eisenwort G, Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Jawhar M, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Herndlhofer S, Greiner G, Hoermann G, Hadzijusufovic E, Gleixner KV, Bettelheim P, Geissler K, Sperr WR, Reiter A, Arock M, Valent P. The KIT and PDGFRA switch-control inhibitor DCC-2618 blocks growth and survival of multiple neoplastic cell types in advanced mastocytosis. Haematologica 2018; 103:799-809. [PMID: 29439183 PMCID: PMC5927976 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.179895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis is a complex disease defined by abnormal growth and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various organs. Most patients exhibit a D816V-mutated variant of KIT, which confers resistance against imatinib. Clinical problems in systemic mastocytosis arise from mediator-related symptoms and/or organ destruction caused by malignant expansion of neoplastic mast cells and/or other myeloid cells in various organ systems. DCC-2618 is a spectrum-selective pan KIT and PDGFRA inhibitor which blocks KIT D816V and multiple other kinase targets relevant to systemic mastocytosis. We found that DCC-2618 inhibits the proliferation and survival of various human mast cell lines (HMC-1, ROSA, MCPV-1) as well as primary neoplastic mast cells obtained from patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (IC50 <1 μM). Moreover, DCC-2618 decreased growth and survival of primary neoplastic eosinophils obtained from patients with systemic mastocytosis or eosinophilic leukemia, leukemic monocytes obtained from patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with or without concomitant systemic mastocytosis, and blast cells obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, DCC-2618 was found to suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting additional drug effects on systemic mastocytosis-related angiogenesis. Finally, DCC-2618 was found to downregulate IgE-mediated histamine release from basophils and tryptase release from mast cells. Together, DCC-2618 inhibits growth, survival and activation of multiple cell types relevant to advanced systemic mastocytosis. Whether DCC-2618 is effective in vivo in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis is currently under investigation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schneeweiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siham Bibi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquee, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Geissler
- Fifth Medical Department, Hospital Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquee, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peter B, Bibi S, Eisenwort G, Wingelhofer B, Berger D, Stefanzl G, Blatt K, Herrmann H, Hadzijusufovic E, Hoermann G, Hoffmann T, Schwaab J, Jawhar M, Willmann M, Sperr WR, Zuber J, Sotlar K, Horny HP, Moriggl R, Reiter A, Arock M, Valent P. Drug-induced inhibition of phosphorylation of STAT5 overrides drug resistance in neoplastic mast cells. Leukemia 2017; 32:1016-1022. [PMID: 29249817 PMCID: PMC6037300 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a mast cell (MC) neoplasm with complex pathology and a variable clinical course. In aggressive SM (ASM) and MC leukemia (MCL) responses to conventional drugs are poor and the prognosis is dismal. R763 is a multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Aurora-kinase-A/B, ABL1, AKT and FLT3. We examined the effects of R763 on proliferation and survival of neoplastic MC. R763 produced dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in the human MC lines HMC-1.1 (IC50 5-50 nM), HMC-1.2 (IC50 1-10 nM), ROSAKIT WT (IC50 1-10 nM), ROSAKIT D816V (IC50 50-500 nM) and MCPV-1.1 (IC50 100-1000 nM). Moreover, R763 induced growth inhibition in primary neoplastic MC in patients with ASM and MCL. Growth-inhibitory effects of R763 were accompanied by signs of apoptosis and a G2/M cell cycle arrest. R763 also inhibited phosphorylation of KIT, BTK, AKT and STAT5 in neoplastic MC. The most sensitive target appeared to be STAT5. In fact, tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 was inhibited by R763 at 10 nM. At this low concentration, R763 produced synergistic growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic MC when combined with midostaurin or dasatinib. Together, R763 is a novel promising multi-kinase inhibitor that blocks STAT5 activation and thereby overrides drug-resistance in neoplastic MC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Bibi
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - G Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
| | - T Hoffmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Willmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - K Sotlar
- University Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - R Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS UMR 8113, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, Cachan, France.,Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smiljkovic D, Blatt K, Stefanzl G, Dorofeeva Y, Skrabs C, Focke‐Tejkl M, Sperr WR, Jaeger U, Valenta R, Valent P. BTK inhibition is a potent approach to block IgE-mediated histamine release in human basophils. Allergy 2017; 72:1666-1676. [PMID: 28328081 PMCID: PMC5655929 DOI: 10.1111/all.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent data suggest that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging therapeutic target in IgE receptor (IgER)‐cross‐linked basophils. Methods We examined the effects of four BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib, dasatinib, AVL‐292, and CNX‐774) on IgE‐dependent activation and histamine release in blood basophils obtained from allergic patients (n=11) and nonallergic donors (n=5). In addition, we examined the effects of these drugs on the growth of the human basophil cell line KU812 and the human mast cell line HMC‐1. Results All four BTK blockers were found to inhibit anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release from basophils in nonallergic subjects and allergen‐induced histamine liberation from basophils in allergic donors. Drug effects on allergen‐induced histamine release were dose dependent, with IC50 values ranging between 0.001 and 0.5 μmol/L, and the following rank order of potency: ibrutinib>AVL‐292>dasatinib>CNX‐774. The basophil‐targeting effect of ibrutinib was confirmed by demonstrating that IgE‐dependent histamine release in ex vivo blood basophils is largely suppressed in a leukemia patient treated with ibrutinib. Dasatinib and ibrutinib were also found to counteract anti‐IgE‐induced and allergen‐induced upregulation of CD13, CD63, CD164, and CD203c on basophils, whereas AVL‐292 and CNX‐774 showed no significant effects. Whereas dasatinib and CNX‐774 were found to inhibit the growth of HMC‐1 cells and KU812 cells, no substantial effects were seen with ibrutinib or AVL‐292. Conclusions BTK‐targeting drugs are potent inhibitors of IgE‐dependent histamine release in human basophils. The clinical value of BTK inhibition in the context of allergic diseases remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Smiljkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - G. Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Y. Dorofeeva
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - C. Skrabs
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - W. R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - U. Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valent P, Akin C, Hartmann K, George TI, Sotlar K, Peter B, Gleixner KV, Blatt K, Sperr WR, Manley PW, Hermine O, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Arock M, Horny HP, Reiter A, Gotlib J. Midostaurin: a magic bullet that blocks mast cell expansion and activation. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2367-2376. [PMID: 28945834 PMCID: PMC7115852 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant features in patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) include the cosmetic burden of lesional skin, mediator-related symptoms, and organ damage resulting from mast cell (MC) infiltration in advanced forms of SM. Regardless of the SM variant, expansion of neoplastic MC in the skin and other organs is triggered by mutant forms of KIT, the most prevalent being D816V. Activation of MC with subsequent release of chemical mediators is often caused by IgE-dependent mechanisms in these patients. Midostaurin, also known as PKC412, blocks the kinase activity of wild-type KIT and KIT D816V, counteracts KIT-dependent growth of neoplastic MC, and inhibits IgE-dependent mediator secretion. Based on this activity-profile, the drug has been used for treatment of patients with advanced SM. Indeed, encouraging results have been obtained with the drug in a recent multi-center phase II trial in patients with advanced SM, with an overall response rate of 60% and a substantial decrease in the burden of neoplastic MC in various organs. Moreover, midostaurin improved the overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with advanced SM compared with historical controls. In addition, midostaurin was found to improve mediator-related symptoms and quality of life, suggesting that the drug may also be useful in patients with indolent SM suffering from mediator-related symptoms resistant to conventional therapies or those with MC activation syndromes. Ongoing and future studies will determine the actual value of midostaurin-induced MC depletion and MC deactivation in these additional indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
| | - C Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - K Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - T I George
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - K Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;; Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - O Hermine
- Centre National de Référence des Mastocytoses, Imagine Institute Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - H C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Gotlib
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stefanzl G, Berger D, Cerny-Reiterer S, Blatt K, Eisenwort G, Sperr WR, Hoermann G, Lind K, Hauswirth AW, Bettelheim P, Sill H, Melo JV, Jäger U, Valent P. The pan-BCL-2-blocker obatoclax (GX15-070) and the PI3-kinase/mTOR-inhibitor BEZ235 produce cooperative growth-inhibitory effects in ALL cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67709-67722. [PMID: 28978065 PMCID: PMC5620205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by leukemic expansion of lymphoid blasts in hematopoietic tissues. Despite improved therapy only a subset of patients can be cured. Therefore, current research is focusing on new drug-targets. Members of the BCL-2 family and components of the PI3-kinase/mTOR pathway are critically involved in the regulation of growth and survival of ALL cells. We examined the effects of the pan-BCL-2 blocker obatoclax and the PI3-kinase/mTOR-inhibitor BEZ235 on growth and survival of ALL cells. In 3H-thymidine uptake experiments, both drugs suppressed the in vitro proliferation of leukemic cells in all patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL and Ph− ALL (obatoclax IC50: 0.01-5 μM; BEZ235, IC50: 0.01-1 μM). Both drugs were also found to produce growth-inhibitory effects in all Ph+ and all Ph− cell lines tested. Moreover, obatoclax and BEZ235 induced apoptosis in ALL cells. In drug-combination experiments, obatoclax and BEZ235 exerted synergistic growth-inhibitory effects on ALL cells. Finally, we confirmed that ALL cells, including CD34+/CD38− stem cells and all cell lines express transcripts for PI3-kinase, mTOR, BCL-2, MCL-1, and BCL-xL. Taken together, this data shows that combined targeting of the PI3-kinase/mTOR-pathway and BCL-2 family-members is a potent approach to counteract growth and survival of ALL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stefanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lind
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander W Hauswirth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bettelheim
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Junia V Melo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gleixner KV, Schneeweiss M, Eisenwort G, Berger D, Herrmann H, Blatt K, Greiner G, Byrgazov K, Hoermann G, Konopleva M, Waliul I, Cumaraswamy AA, Gunning PT, Maeda H, Moriggl R, Deininger M, Lion T, Andreeff M, Valent P. Combined targeting of STAT3 and STAT5: a novel approach to overcome drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1519-1529. [PMID: 28596283 PMCID: PMC5685220 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukemia, resistance against BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors can develop because of BCR-ABL1 mutations, activation of additional pro-oncogenic pathways, and stem cell resistance. Drug combinations covering a broad range of targets may overcome resistance. CDDO-Me (bardoxolone methyl) is a drug that inhibits the survival of leukemic cells by targeting different pro-survival molecules, including STAT3. We found that CDDO-Me inhibits proliferation and survival of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and primary leukemic cells, including cells harboring BCR-ABL1T315I or T315I+ compound mutations. Furthermore, CDDO-Me was found to block growth and survival of CD34+/CD38− leukemic stem cells (LSC). Moreover, CDDO-Me was found to produce synergistic growth-inhibitory effects when combined with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drug-combinations were found to block multiple signaling cascades and molecules, including STAT3 and STAT5. Furthermore, combined targeting of STAT3 and STAT5 by shRNA and STAT5-targeting drugs also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibition, pointing to a new efficient concept of combinatorial STAT3 and STAT5 inhibition. However, CDDO-Me was also found to increase the expression of heme-oxygenase-1, a heat-shock-protein that triggers drug resistance and cell survival. We therefore combined CDDO-Me with the heme-oxygenase-1 inhibitor SMA-ZnPP, which also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. Moreover, SMA-ZnPP was found to sensitize BCR-ABL1+ cells against the combination ‘CDDO-Me+ tyrosine kinase inhibitor’. Together, combined targeting of STAT3, STAT5, and heme-oxygenase-1 overcomes resistance in BCR-ABL1+ cells, including stem cells and highly resistant sub-clones expressing BCR-ABL1T315I or T315I-compound mutations. Whether such drug-combinations are effective in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline V Gleixner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria .,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Islam Waliul
- Institute of Drug Delivery Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto and BioDynamics Research Laboratory, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Institute of Drug Delivery Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto and BioDynamics Research Laboratory, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Lion
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sadovnik I, Herrmann H, Eisenwort G, Blatt K, Hoermann G, Mueller N, Sperr WR, Valent P. Expression of CD25 on leukemic stem cells in BCR-ABL1 + CML: Potential diagnostic value and functional implications. Exp Hematol 2017; 51:17-24. [PMID: 28457753 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell-derived leukemia in which neoplastic cells exhibit the Philadelphia chromosome and the related oncoprotein BCR-ABL1. The disease is characterized by an accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM). A small fraction of neoplastic cells in the CML clone supposedly exhibits self-renewal and thus long-term disease-propagating ability. However, so far, little is known about the phenotype, function, and target expression profiles of these leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Recent data suggest that CML LSCs aberrantly express the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain CD25. Whereas normal CD34+/CD38- BM stem cells display only low amounts of CD25 or lack CD25 altogether, CD34+/CD38- LSCs express CD25 strongly in more than 90% of all patients with untreated CML. As a result, CD25 can be used to identify and quantify CML LSCs. In addition, it has been shown that CD25 serves as a negative growth regulator of CML LSCs. Here, we review the value of CD25 as a novel marker and potential drug target in CML LSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lupinek C, Derfler K, Lee S, Prikoszovich T, Movadat O, Wollmann E, Cornelius C, Weber M, Fröschl R, Selb R, Blatt K, Smiljkovic D, Schoder V, Cervenka R, Plaichner T, Stegfellner G, Huber H, Henning R, Kozik-Jaromin J, Perkmann T, Niederberger V, Petkov V, Valent P, Gauly A, Leinenbach HP, Uhlenbusch-Koerwer I, Valenta R. Extracorporeal IgE Immunoadsorption in Allergic Asthma: Safety and Efficacy. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:119-133. [PMID: 28254561 PMCID: PMC5360571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of IgE-binding to cellular IgE-receptors by anti-IgE (Omalizumab) is clinically effective in allergic asthma, but limited by IgE threshold-levels. To overcome this limitation, we developed a single-use IgE immunoadsorber column (IgEnio). IgEnio is based on a recombinant, IgE-specific antibody fragment and can be used for the specific extracorporeal desorption of IgE. OBJECTIVE To study safety and efficacy of IgEnio regarding the selective depletion of IgE in a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot trial in patients with allergic asthma and to investigate if IgEnio can bind IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes. METHODS Fifteen subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment group (n=10) or to the control group (n=5). Immunoadsorption was done by veno-venous approach, processing the twofold calculated plasma volume during each treatment. A minimum average IgE-depletion of 50% after the last cycle in the intention-to-treat population was defined as primary endpoint. Safety of the treatment was studied as secondary endpoint. In addition, possible changes in allergen-specific sensitivity were investigated, as well as clinical effects by peak flow measurement and symptom-recording. The depletion of IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes was studied in vitro. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02096237) and conducted from December 2013 to July 2014. RESULTS IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio selectively depleted 86.2% (±5.1% SD) of IgE until the end of the last cycle (p<0.0001). Removal of pollen allergen-specific IgE was associated with a reduction of allergen-specific basophil-sensitivity and prevented increases of allergen-specific skin-sensitivity and clinical symptoms during pollen seasons. IgEnio also depleted IgE-Omalizumab immune complexes in vitro. The therapy under investigation was safe and well-tolerated. During a total of 81 aphereses, 2 severe adverse events (SAE) were recorded, one of which, an episode of acute dyspnea, possibly was related to the treatment and resolved after administration of antihistamines and corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study indicates that IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio may be used to treat patients with pollen-induced allergic asthma. Furthermore, the treatment could render allergic patients with highly elevated IgE-levels eligible for the administration of Omalizumab and facilitate the desorption of IgE-Omalizumab complexes. This study was funded by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Derfler
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Lee
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Prikoszovich
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Movadat
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Wollmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Cornelius
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fröschl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dubravka Smiljkovic
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Schoder
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - René Cervenka
- Fresenius Medical Care Adsorber Tec GmbH, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ventzislav Petkov
- Clinical Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Gauly
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Clinical Research, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Valent P, Sotlar K, Blatt K, Hartmann K, Reiter A, Sadovnik I, Sperr WR, Bettelheim P, Akin C, Bauer K, George TI, Hadzijusufovic E, Wolf D, Gotlib J, Mahon FX, Metcalfe DD, Horny HP, Arock M. Proposed diagnostic criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias and related disorders. Leukemia 2017; 31:788-797. [PMID: 28090091 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Basophils form a distinct cell lineage within the hematopoietic cell family. In various myeloid neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia, basophilia is frequently seen. Acute and chronic basophilic leukemias, albeit rare, have also been described. However, no generally accepted criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias have been presented to date. To address this unmet need, a series of Working Conferences and other meetings were organized between March 2015 and March 2016. The current article provides a summary of consensus statements from these meetings, together with proposed criteria to delineate acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) from chronic basophilic leukemia (CBL) and primary forms of the disease where no preceding myeloid malignancy is detected, from the more common 'secondary' variants. Moreover, the term hyperbasophilia (HB) is proposed for cases with a persistent peripheral basophil count ⩾1000 per μl of blood. This condition, HB, is highly indicative of the presence of an underlying myeloid neoplasm. Therefore, HB is an important checkpoint in the diagnostic algorithm and requires a detailed hematologic investigation. In these patients, an underlying myeloid malignancy is often found and is then labeled with the appendix -baso, whereas primary cases of ABL or CBL are very rare. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should facilitate the diagnosis and management of patients with unexplained basophilia and basophil neoplasms in routine practice, and in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - I Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Bettelheim
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - C Akin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T I George
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F-X Mahon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - D D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zieglmayer P, Focke-Tejkl M, Schmutz R, Lemell P, Zieglmayer R, Weber M, Kiss R, Blatt K, Valent P, Stolz F, Huber H, Neubauer A, Knoll A, Horak F, Henning R, Valenta R. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of a B cell epitope-based vaccine for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:43-57. [PMID: 27650868 PMCID: PMC5049999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a recombinant B cell epitope-based vaccine (BM32) for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) of grass pollen allergy. The vaccine contains recombinant fusion proteins consisting of allergen-derived peptides and the hepatitis B surface protein domain preS as immunological carrier. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT study to determine safety, clinical efficacy and immunological mechanism of three subcutaneous injections of three BM32 doses adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide versus aluminum hydroxide (placebo) applied monthly to grass pollen allergic patients (n=70). Primary efficacy endpoint was the difference in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) through grass pollen chamber exposure before treatment and 4weeks after the last injection. Secondary clinical endpoints were total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and allergen-specific skin response evaluated by titrated skin prick testing (SPT) at the same time points. Treatment-related side effects were evaluated as safety endpoints. Changes in allergen-specific antibody, cellular and cytokine responses were measured in patients before and after treatment. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients completed the trial. TNSS significantly decreased with mean changes of -1.41 (BM32/20μg) (P=0.03) and -1.34 (BM32/40μg) (P=0.003) whereas mean changes in the BM32/10μg and placebo group were not significant. TOSS and SPT reactions showed a dose-dependent decrease. No systemic immediate type side effects were observed. Only few grade 1 systemic late phase reactions occurred in BM32 treated patients. The number of local injection site reactions was similar in actively and placebo-treated patients. BM32 induced highly significant allergen-specific IgG responses (P<0.0001) but no allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-induced basophil activation was reduced in BM32 treated patients and addition of therapy-induced IgG significantly suppressed T cell activation (P=0.0063). CONCLUSION The B cell epitope-based recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine BM32 is well tolerated and few doses are sufficient to suppress immediate allergic reactions as well as allergen-specific T cell responses via a selective induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01445002.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Kiss
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gadermaier E, James LK, Shamji MH, Blatt K, Fauland K, Zieglmayer P, Garmatiuk T, Focke‐Tejkl M, Villalba M, Beavil R, Keller W, Valent P, Durham SR, Gould HJ, Flicker S, Valenta R. Epitope specificity determines cross-protection of a SIT-induced IgG4 antibody. Allergy 2016. [PMID: 26221749 PMCID: PMC4716291 DOI: 10.1111/all.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The calcium‐binding 2EF‐hand protein Phl p 7 from timothy grass pollen is a highly cross‐reactive pollen pan‐allergen that can induce severe clinical symptoms in allergic patients. Recently, a human monoclonal Phl p 7‐specific IgG4 antibody (mAb102.1F10) was isolated from a patient who had received grass pollen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT). Methods We studied epitope specificity, cross‐reactivity, affinity and cross‐protection of mAb102.1F10 towards homologous calcium‐binding pollen allergens. Sequence comparisons and molecular modelling studies were performed with ClustalW and SPADE, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance measurements were made with purified recombinant allergens. Binding and cross‐reactivity of patients' IgE and mAb102.1F10 to calcium‐binding allergens and peptides thereof were studied with quantitative RAST‐based methods, in ELISA, basophil activation and IgE‐facilitated allergen presentation experiments. Results Allergens from timothy grass (Phl p 7), alder (Aln g 4), birch (Bet v 4), turnip rape (Bra r 1), lamb's quarter (Che a 3) and olive (Ole e 3, Ole e 8) showed high sequence similarity and cross‐reacted with allergic patients' IgE. mAb102.1F10 bound the C‐terminal portion of Phl p 7 in a calcium‐dependent manner. It cross‐reacted with high affinity with Ole e 3, whereas binding and affinity to the other allergens were low. mAb102.1F10 showed limited cross‐inhibition of patients' IgE binding and basophil activation. Sequence comparison and surface exposure calculations identified three amino acids likely to be responsible for limited cross‐reactivity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a small number of amino acid differences among cross‐reactive allergens can reduce the affinity of binding by a SIT‐induced IgG and thus limit cross‐protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - L. K. James
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London London UK
| | - M. H. Shamji
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Department of Internal Medicine I Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - K. Fauland
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - P. Zieglmayer
- Vienna Challenge Chamber Allergy Centre Vienna West Vienna Austria
| | - T. Garmatiuk
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquımica y Biologıa Molecular I Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - R. Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London London UK
| | - W. Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Department of Internal Medicine I Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - S. R. Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - H. J. Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London London UK
| | - S. Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sadovnik I, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Herrmann H, Eisenwort G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Warsch W, Hoermann G, Greiner G, Blatt K, Peter B, Stefanzl G, Berger D, Bilban M, Herndlhofer S, Sill H, Sperr WR, Streubel B, Mannhalter C, Holyoake TL, Sexl V, Valent P. Identification of CD25 as STAT5-Dependent Growth Regulator of Leukemic Stem Cells in Ph+ CML. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2051-61. [PMID: 26607600 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leukemic stem cells (LSC) represent a critical target of therapy. However, little is known about markers and targets expressed by LSCs. The aim of this project was to identify novel relevant markers of CML LSCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CML LSCs were examined by flow cytometry, qPCR, and various bioassays. In addition, we examined the multipotent CD25(+)CML cell line KU812. RESULTS In contrast to normal hematopoietic stem cells, CD34(+)/CD38(-)CML LSCs expressed the IL-2 receptor alpha chain, IL-2RA (CD25). STAT5 was found to induce expression of CD25 in Lin(-)/Sca-1(+)/Kit(+)stem cells in C57Bl/6 mice. Correspondingly, shRNA-induced STAT5 depletion resulted in decreased CD25 expression in KU812 cells. Moreover, the BCR/ABL1 inhibitors nilotinib and ponatinib were found to decrease STAT5 activity and CD25 expression in KU812 cells and primary CML LSCs. A CD25-targeting shRNA was found to augment proliferation of KU812 cellsin vitroand their engraftmentin vivoin NOD/SCID-IL-2Rγ(-/-)mice. In drug-screening experiments, the PI3K/mTOR blocker BEZ235 promoted the expression of STAT5 and CD25 in CML cells. Finally, we found that BEZ235 produces synergistic antineoplastic effects on CML cells when applied in combination with nilotinib or ponatinib. CONCLUSIONS CD25 is a novel STAT5-dependent marker of CML LSCs and may be useful for LSC detection and LSC isolation in clinical practice and basic science. Moreover, CD25 serves as a growth regulator of CML LSCs, which may have biologic and clinical implications and may pave the way for the development of new more effective LSC-eradicating treatment strategies in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sadovnik
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Warsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Stefanzl
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Mannhalter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Campana R, Moritz K, Marth K, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Blatt K, Hoermann G, Brodie TM, Kaider A, Valent P, Sallusto F, Wöhrl S, Valenta R. Frequent occurrence of T cell-mediated late reactions revealed by atopy patch testing with hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:601-609.e8. [PMID: 26518092 PMCID: PMC4748398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Late allergic reactions are common in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy and even occur with allergy vaccines with reduced IgE reactivity. Objective We sought to study atopy patch test (APT) reactions and T-cell responses to the recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and recombinant hypoallergenic T-cell epitope–containing Bet v 1 fragments in patients with birch pollen allergy with and without atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods A clinical study was conducted in 15 patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (group 1), 5 patients with birch pollen allergy without AD (group 2), 5 allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (group 3), and 5 nonallergic subjects (group 4) by performing skin prick tests and APTs with rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. T-cell, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+ and CCR4+ T-cell and cytokine responses were studied by thymidine uptake, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining, and Luminex technology, respectively. Results rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induced APT reactions in not only most of the patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (11/15) but also in most of those without AD (4/5). Patients with birch pollen allergy with AD had higher Bet v 1–specific proliferation of CLA+ and CCR4+ T cells compared with patients with birch pollen allergy without AD. There were no differences in Bet v 1–specific CLA+ and CCR4+ proliferation and cytokine secretion in patients with and without APT reactions. Conclusion Hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induce T cell–dependent late reactions not only in patients with birch pollen allergy with AD but also in those without AD, which can be determined based on APT results but not based on in vitro parameters.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Allergens/immunology
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Betula/adverse effects
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Female
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Patch Tests
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Moritz
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans Huber
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tess M Brodie
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kaider
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, Narayanan M, Neubauer A, Mayrhofer H, Blatt K, Lupinek C, Valent P, Valenta R. Molecular evolution of hypoallergenic hybrid proteins for vaccination against grass pollen allergy. J Immunol 2015; 194:4008-18. [PMID: 25786690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 10% of the population in Europe and North America suffer from IgE-associated allergy to grass pollen. In this article, we describe the development of a vaccine for grass pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy based on two recombinant hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, designated P and Q, which were constructed out of elements derived from the four major timothy grass pollen allergens: Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6. Seventeen recombinant mosaic molecules were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli using synthetic genes, characterized regarding biochemical properties, structural fold, and IgE reactivity. We found that depending on the arrangement of allergen fragments, mosaic molecules with strongly varying IgE reactivity were obtained. Based on an extensive screening with sera and basophils from allergic patients, two hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, P and Q, incorporating the primary sequence elements of the four grass pollen allergens were identified. As shown by lymphoproliferation experiments, they contained allergen-specific T cell epitopes required for tolerance induction, and upon immunization of animals induced higher allergen-specific IgG Abs than the wild-type allergens and a registered monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted vaccine based on natural grass pollen allergen extract. Moreover, IgG Abs induced by immunization with P and Q inhibited the binding of patients' IgE to natural allergens from five grasses better than IgG induced with the wild-type allergens or an extract-based vaccine. Our results suggest that vaccines based on the hypoallergenic grass pollen mosaics can be used for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meena Narayanan
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Mayrhofer
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Madritsch C, Eckl-Dorna J, Blatt K, Ellinger I, Kundi M, Niederberger V, Valent P, Valenta R, Flicker S. Antibody conjugates bispecific for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and allergen prevent migration of allergens through respiratory epithelial cell layers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:490-3.e11. [PMID: 25769914 PMCID: PMC4530582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Madritsch
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schulenburg A, Blatt K, Cerny-Reiterer S, Sadovnik I, Herrmann H, Marian B, Grunt TW, Zielinski CC, Valent P. Cancer stem cells in basic science and in translational oncology: can we translate into clinical application? J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:16. [PMID: 25886184 PMCID: PMC4345016 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their description and identification in leukemias and solid tumors, cancer stem cells (CSC) have been the subject of intensive research in translational oncology. Indeed, recent advances have led to the identification of CSC markers, CSC targets, and the preclinical and clinical evaluation of the CSC-eradicating (curative) potential of various drugs. However, although diverse CSC markers and targets have been identified, several questions remain, such as the origin and evolution of CSC, mechanisms underlying resistance of CSC against various targeted drugs, and the biochemical basis and function of stroma cell-CSC interactions in the so-called ‘stem cell niche.’ Additional aspects that have to be taken into account when considering CSC elimination as primary treatment-goal are the genomic plasticity and extensive subclone formation of CSC. Notably, various cell fractions with different combinations of molecular aberrations and varying proliferative potential may display CSC function in a given neoplasm, and the related molecular complexity of the genome in CSC subsets is considered to contribute essentially to disease evolution and acquired drug resistance. In the current article, we discuss new developments in the field of CSC research and whether these new concepts can be exploited in clinical practice in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulenburg
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Wien, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Radiation Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Thomas W Grunt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Christoph C Zielinski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria. .,Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Wien, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Curin M, Weber M, Thalhamer T, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Valent P, Marth K, Garmatiuk T, Grönlund H, Thalhamer J, Spitzauer S, Valenta R. Hypoallergenic derivatives of Fel d 1 obtained by rational reassembly for allergy vaccination and tolerance induction. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:882-94. [PMID: 24552249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The major cat allergen Fel d 1 represents one of the most important respiratory allergens. Aim of this study was to engineer recombinant Fel d 1 derivatives with reduced IgE reactivity and preserved T cell epitopes for vaccination and tolerance induction. METHODS Seven recombinant mosaic proteins were generated by reassembly of non-IgE-reactive peptides of Fel d 1 which contained the sequence elements for induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies and T cell epitopes. Mosaic proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli using codon-optimized synthetic genes and compared with Fel d 1 regarding structural fold by circular dichroism, IgE-binding capacity, activation of allergic patients' basophils and ability to induce allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies upon immunization. RESULTS Although each of the mosaic proteins had lost the alpha-helical fold typical for Fel d 1, a strong reduction in IgE reactivity as well as allergenic activity in basophil activation assays was only obtained for three constructs, two reassembled fragments (Fel d 1 MB, Fel d 1 MC) and a fusion of the latter two (Fel d 1 MF) in which the cysteines of Fel d 1 MC were replaced by serines. Immunization of rabbits with Fel d 1 MB, MC and MF induced high levels of IgG antibodies that inhibited IgE reactivity of cat-allergic patients to Fel d 1 in a comparable manner as IgG induced with the wild-type allergen. CONCLUSIONS We report the development of hypoallergenic reassembled Fel d 1 proteins suitable for vaccination and tolerance induction in cat-allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Curin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Valent P, Sadovnik I, Ráčil Z, Herrmann H, Blatt K, Cerny-Reiterer S, Eisenwort G, Lion T, Holyoake T, Mayer J. DPPIV (CD26) as a novel stem cell marker in Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1239-45. [PMID: 25371066 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) has been developed to explain the complex cellular hierarchy and biology of leukaemias and to screen for pivotal targets that can be employed to improve drug therapies through LSC eradication in these patients. Some of the newly discovered LSC markers seem to be expressed in a disease-specific manner and may thus serve as major research tools and diagnostic parameters. A useful LSC marker in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) appears to be CD26, also known as dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Expression of CD26 is largely restricted to CD34(+) /CD38(-) LSCs in BCR/ABL1(+) CML, but is not found on LSCs in other myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms, with the exception of lymphoid blast crisis of CML, BCR/ABL1p210 + acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and a very few cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Moreover, CD26 usually is not expressed on normal bone marrow (BM) stem cells. Functionally, CD26 is a cytokine-targeting surface enzyme that may facilitate the mobilization of LSCs from the BM niche. In this article, we review our current knowledge about the biology and function of CD26 on CML LSCs and discuss the diagnostic potential of this new LSC marker in clinical haematology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Division of Haematology & Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Focke-Tejkl M, Weber M, Niespodziana K, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Stegfellner G, Maderegger B, Hauer M, Stolz F, Niederberger V, Marth K, Eckl-Dorna J, Weiss R, Thalhamer J, Blatt K, Valent P, Valenta R. Development and characterization of a recombinant, hypoallergenic, peptide-based vaccine for grass pollen allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1207-7.e1-11. [PMID: 25441634 PMCID: PMC4418753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Grass pollen is one of the most important sources of respiratory allergies worldwide. Objective This study describes the development of a grass pollen allergy vaccine based on recombinant hypoallergenic derivatives of the major timothy grass pollen allergens Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6 by using a peptide-carrier approach. Methods Fusion proteins consisting of nonallergenic peptides from the 4 major timothy grass pollen allergens and the PreS protein from hepatitis B virus as a carrier were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by means of chromatography. Recombinant PreS fusion proteins were tested for allergenic activity and T-cell activation by means of IgE serology, basophil activation testing, T-cell proliferation assays, and xMAP Luminex technology in patients with grass pollen allergy. Rabbits were immunized with PreS fusion proteins to characterize their immunogenicity. Results Ten hypoallergenic PreS fusion proteins were constructed, expressed, and purified. According to immunogenicity and induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG antibodies, 4 hypoallergenic fusion proteins (BM321, BM322, BM325, and BM326) representing Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6 were included as components in the vaccine termed BM32. BM321, BM322, BM325, and BM326 showed almost completely abolished allergenic activity and induced significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in patients' PBMCs compared with grass pollen allergens. On immunization, they induced allergen-specific IgG antibodies, which inhibited patients' IgE binding to all 4 major allergens of grass pollen, as well as allergen-induced basophil activation. Conclusion A recombinant hypoallergenic grass pollen allergy vaccine (BM32) consisting of 4 recombinant PreS-fused grass pollen allergen peptides was developed for safe immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Niespodziana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Blatt K, Herrmann H, Hoermann G, Willmann M, Cerny-Reiterer S, Sadovnik I, Herndlhofer S, Streubel B, Rabitsch W, Sperr WR, Mayerhofer M, Rülicke T, Valent P. Identification of campath-1 (CD52) as novel drug target in neoplastic stem cells in 5q-patients with MDS and AML. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3589-602. [PMID: 24799522 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CD52-targeted antibody alemtuzumab induces major clinical responses in a group of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The mechanism underlying this drug effect remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We asked whether neoplastic stem cells (NSC) in patients with MDS (n = 29) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML; n = 62) express CD52. RESULTS As assessed by flow cytometry, CD52 was found to be expressed on NSC-enriched CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells in 8/11 patients with MDS and isolated del(5q). In most other patients with MDS, CD52 was weakly expressed or not detectable on NSC. In AML, CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells displayed CD52 in 23/62 patients, including four with complex karyotype and del(5q) and one with del(5q) and t(1;17;X). In quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses, purified NSC obtained from del(5q) patients expressed CD52 mRNA. We were also able to show that CD52 mRNA levels correlate with EVI1 expression and that NRAS induces the expression of CD52 in AML cells. The CD52-targeting drug alemtuzumab, was found to induce complement-dependent lysis of CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD52(+) NSC, but did not induce lysis in CD52(-) NSC. Alemtuzumab also suppressed engraftment of CD52(+) NSC in NSG mice. Finally, CD52 expression on NSC was found to correlate with a poor survival in patients with MDS and AML. CONCLUSIONS The cell surface target Campath-1 (CD52) is expressed on NSC in a group of patients with MDS and AML. CD52 is a novel prognostic NSC marker and a potential NSC target in a subset of patients with MDS and AML, which may have clinical implications and may explain clinical effects produced by alemtuzumab in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Blatt
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Herndlhofer
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mayerhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch-Hospital, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hoermann G, Blatt K, Greiner G, Putz EM, Berger A, Herrmann H, Cerny-Reiterer S, Gleixner KV, Walz C, Hoetzenecker K, Müllauer L, Reiter A, Sotlar K, Sexl V, Valent P, Mayerhofer M. CD52 is a molecular target in advanced systemic mastocytosis. FASEB J 2014; 28:3540-51. [PMID: 24760752 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM) is an aggressive hematopoietic neoplasm with poor prognosis and short survival times. So far, no curative therapy is available for affected patients. We have identified the cell surface antigen CD52 (CAMPATH-1) as a molecular target expressed abundantly on the surface of primary neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in patients with advanced SM. In contrast, neoplastic MCs of patients with indolent SM and normal MCs expressed only low levels or did not express CD52. To study the mechanisms of CD52 expression and the value of this antigen as a potential therapeutic target, we generated a human MC cell line, designated MCPV-1, by lentiviral immortalization of cord blood-derived MC progenitor cells. Functional studies revealed that activated RAS profoundly promotes surface expression of CD52. The CD52-targeting antibody alemtuzumab induced cell death in CD52(+) primary neoplastic MCs obtained from patients with SM as well as in MCPV-1 cells. NSG mice xenotransplanted with MCPV-1 cells survived significantly longer after treatment with alemtuzumab (median survival: 31 d untreated vs. 46 d treated; P=0.0012). We conclude that CD52 is a novel marker and potential therapeutic target in neoplastic MCs in patients with advanced SM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology
| | | | - Eva Maria Putz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V Gleixner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Banerjee S, Weber M, Blatt K, Swoboda I, Focke-Tejkl M, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Conversion of Der p 23, a new major house dust mite allergen, into a hypoallergenic vaccine. J Immunol 2014; 192:4867-75. [PMID: 24733847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Der p 23, a new, major house dust mite (HDM) allergen that is recognized by >70% of HDM-allergic patients, has high allergenic activity and, therefore, must be considered an important component for HDM-specific immunotherapy. We constructed and characterized a hypoallergenic Der p 23 vaccine for HDM immunotherapy. Three nonallergenic peptides from the C-terminal IgE epitope-containing part of Der p 23 (P4, P5) and P6, a mutant peptide containing serines instead of cysteines, were identified. Peptides were fused to the hepatitis B virus-derived PreS domain as recombinant fusion proteins (i.e., PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6) that were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6 showed no relevant IgE reactivity and exhibited considerably reduced allergenic activity in basophil activation tests using blood from HDM-allergic patients. Upon immunization of rabbits, only PreS-2XP4P5 induced high levels of Der p 23-specific IgG Abs that inhibited binding of patients' IgE to Der p 23, comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23, whereas Abs induced with PreS-4XP6 had only low blocking capacity. Additionally, IgG Abs induced with PreS-2XP4P5 inhibited Der p 23-induced basophil activation comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 induced lower T cell proliferation but higher levels of the tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 and the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in PBMCs from HDM-allergic patients, indicating an immunomodulatory capacity of the fusion protein. Therefore, PreS-2XP4P5 represents a promising candidate for immunotherapy of HDM-allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinita Banerjee
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Karlic H, Herrmann H, Varga F, Thaler R, Reitermaier R, Spitzer S, Ghanim V, Blatt K, Sperr WR, Valent P, Pfeilstöcker M. The role of epigenetics in the regulation of apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 90:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
31
|
Focke-Tejkl M, Campana R, Reininger R, Lupinek C, Blatt K, Valent P, Pavkov-Keller T, Keller W, Valenta R. Dissection of the IgE and T-cell recognition of the major group 5 grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:836-45.e11. [PMID: 24182774 PMCID: PMC6624141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 belongs to the most potent allergens involved in hay fever and asthma. OBJECTIVE This study characterized immune-dominant IgE- and T-cell-recognition sites of Phl p 5. METHODS Seven peptides, P1 to P7 with a length of 31 to 38 amino acids that spanned the Phl p 5 sequence, were synthesized, characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, and tested for IgE reactivity, basophil activation, and T-cell reactivity. Carrier-bound peptides were studied for their ability to induce IgG antibodies in rabbits which recognize Phl p 5 or cross-reactive allergens from different grass species. Peptide-specific antibodies were tested for the capability to inhibit IgE reactivity to Phl p 5 and allergen-induced basophil activation of patients with allergy. RESULTS The peptides exhibited no secondary structure and showed no IgE reactivity or relevant allergenic activity, indicating that Phl p 5 IgE epitopes are conformational. Except for P3, peptide-specific IgG antibodies blocked IgE binding to Phl p 5 of patients with allergy and cross-reacted with temperate grasses. IgE inhibition experiments and molecular modeling identified several clustered conformational IgE epitopes on the N- as well as C-terminal domain of Phl p 5. P4, which stimulated the strongest T-cell and cytokine responses in patients, was not part of the major IgE-reactive regions. CONCLUSION Our study shows an interesting dissociation of the major IgE- and T-cell-reactive domains in Phl p 5 which provides a basis for the development of novel forms of immunotherapy that selectively target IgE or T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Reininger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gadermaier E, Flicker S, Blatt K, Valent P, Valenta R. Possible therapeutic potential of a recombinant group 2 grass pollen allergen-specific antibody fragment. Allergy 2014; 69:261-4. [PMID: 24251384 DOI: 10.1111/all.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The induction of blocking IgG antibodies that compete with IgE for allergen binding is one important mechanism of allergen-specific immunotherapy. The application of blocking antibodies may be an alternative treatment strategy. A synthetic gene coding for a single-chain fragment (ScFv) specific for the major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 2 was inserted into plasmid pCANTAB 5 E, and the recombinant ScFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The ScFv was tested for allergen binding by ELISA, and its association and dissociation were measured by surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) technology. The ability of the ScFv to inhibit allergic patients' IgE binding to Phl p 2 and Phl p 2-induced basophil degranulation was studied by ELISA competition and basophil activation (CD203c) assays. We report the expression, purification, biochemical and immunological characterization of a monomeric single-chain fragment (ScFv) of human origin specific for the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 2. The Phl p 2-ScFv showed high affinity binding to the allergen and blocked the binding of allergic patients' polyclonal IgE to Phl p 2 up to 98%. Furthermore, it inhibited allergen-induced basophil activation. The Phl p 2-ScFv inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Phl p 2 as well as Phl p 2-induced basophil activation and might be useful for passive immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Gadermaier
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research; Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna General Hospital; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Valent P, Blatt K, Eisenwort G, Herrmann H, Cerny-Reiterer S, Thalhammer R, Müllauer L, Hoermann G, Sadovnik I, Schwarzinger I, Sperr WR, Mannhalter C, Horny HP. FLAG-induced remission in a patient with acute mast cell leukemia (MCL) exhibiting t(7;10)(q22;q26) and KIT D816H. Leuk Res Rep 2013; 3:8-13. [PMID: 24596674 PMCID: PMC3939382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a life-threatening disease associated with high mortality and drug-resistance. Only few patients survive more than 12 months. We report on a 55-year-old female patient with acute MCL diagnosed in May 2012. The disease was characterized by a rapid increase in white blood cells and mast cells (MC) in the peripheral blood, and a rapid increase of serum tryptase levels. The KIT D816H mutation was detected in the blood and bone marrow (BM). Induction chemotherapy with high-dose ARA-C and fludarabine (FLAG) was administered. Unexpectedly, the patient entered a hematologic remission with almost complete disappearance of neoplastic MC and a decrease of serum tryptase levels to normal range after 2 cycles of FLAG. Consecutively, the patient was prepared for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, shortly after the third cycle of FLAG, tryptase levels increased again, immature MC appeared in the blood, and the patient died from cerebral bleeding. Together, this case shows that intensive chemotherapy regimens, like FLAG, may induce remission in acute MCL. However, treatment responses are short-lived and the overall outcome remains dismal in these patients. We propose to separate this acute type of MCL from more subacute or chronic variants of MCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LB-CO), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LB-CO), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LB-CO), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LB-CO), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Thalhammer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LB-CO), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rix U, Colinge J, Blatt K, Gridling M, Remsing Rix LL, Parapatics K, Cerny-Reiterer S, Burkard TR, Jäger U, Melo JV, Bennett KL, Valent P, Superti-Furga G. A target-disease network model of second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor action in Ph+ ALL. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77155. [PMID: 24130846 PMCID: PMC3795025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) is in part driven by the tyrosine kinase bcr-abl, but imatinib does not produce long-term remission. Therefore, second-generation ABL inhibitors are currently in clinical investigation. Considering different target specificities and the pronounced genetic heterogeneity of Ph+ ALL, which contributes to the aggressiveness of the disease, drug candidates should be evaluated with regard to their effects on the entire Ph+ ALL-specific signaling network. Here, we applied an integrated experimental and computational approach that allowed us to estimate the differential impact of the bcr-abl inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, Bosutinib and Bafetinib. First, we determined drug-protein interactions in Ph+ ALL cell lines by chemical proteomics. We then mapped those interactions along with known genetic lesions onto public protein-protein interactions. Computation of global scores through correlation of target affinity, network topology, and distance to disease-relevant nodes assigned the highest impact to dasatinib, which was subsequently confirmed by proliferation assays. In future, combination of patient-specific genomic information with detailed drug target knowledge and network-based computational analysis should allow for an accurate and individualized prediction of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rix
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Gridling
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lily L. Remsing Rix
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R. Burkard
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Junia V. Melo
- Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, Australia
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keiryn L. Bennett
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM – Research Center, Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Herrmann H, Blatt K, Shi J, Gleixner KV, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müllauer L, Vakoc CR, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Bradner JE, Zuber J, Valent P. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD4 as a new potent approach to eliminate leukemic stem- and progenitor cells in acute myeloid leukemia AML. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1588-99. [PMID: 23249862 PMCID: PMC3681497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening stem cell disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of myeloblasts. Using an advanced RNAi screen-approach in an AML mouse model we have recently identified the epigenetic ‘reader’ BRD4 as a promising target in AML. In the current study, we asked whether inhibition of BRD4 by a small-molecule inhibitor, JQ1, leads to growth-inhibition and apoptosis in primary human AML stem- and progenitor cells. Primary cell samples were obtained from 37 patients with freshly diagnosed AML (n=23) or refractory AML (n=14). BRD4 was found to be expressed at the mRNA and protein level in unfractionated AML cells as well as in highly enriched CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all patients examined. In unfractionated leukemic cells, submicromolar concentrations of JQ1 induced major growth-inhibitory effects (IC50 0.05-0.5 μM) in most samples, including cells derived from relapsed or refractory patients. In addition, JQ1 was found to induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all donors examined as evidenced by combined surface/Annexin-V staining. Moreover, we were able to show that JQ1 synergizes with ARA-C in inducing growth inhibition in AML cells. Together, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 exerts major anti-leukemic effects in a broad range of human AML subtypes, including relapsed and refractory patients and all relevant stem- and progenitor cell compartments, including CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ AML cells. These results characterize BRD4-inhibition as a promising new therapeutic approach in AML which should be further investigated in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
36
|
Garmatiuk T, Swoboda I, Twardosz-Kropfmüller A, Dall'Antonia F, Keller W, Singh MB, Bhalla PL, Okada T, Toriyama K, Weber M, Ghannadan M, Sperr WR, Blatt K, Valent P, Klein B, Niederberger V, Curin M, Balic N, Spitzauer S, Valenta R. Characterization of mutants of a highly cross-reactive calcium-binding protein from Brassica pollen for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1155-1165. [PMID: 23790497 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major turnip (Brassica rapa) pollen allergen, belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins (i.e., two EF-hand proteins), which occur as highly cross-reactive allergens in pollen of weeds, grasses and trees. In this study, the IgE binding capacity and allergenic activity of three recombinant allergen variants containing mutations in their calcium-binding sites were analyzed in sensitized patients with the aim to identify the most suitable hypoallergenic molecule for specific immunotherapy. Analysis of the wildtype allergen and the mutants regarding IgE reactivity and activation of basophils in allergic patients indicated that the allergen derivative mutated in both calcium-binding domains had the lowest allergenic activity. Gel filtration and circular dichroism experiments showed that both, the wildtype and the double mutant, occurred as dimers in solution and assumed alpha-helical fold, respectively. However, both fold and thermal stability were considerably reduced in the double mutant. The use of bioinformatic tools for evaluation of the solvent accessibility and charge distribution suggested that the reduced IgE reactivity and different structural properties of the double mutant may be due to a loss of negatively charged amino acids on the surface. Interestingly, immunization of rabbits showed that only the double mutant but not the wildtype allergen induced IgG antibodies which recognized the allergen and blocked binding of allergic patients IgE. Due to the extensive structural similarity and cross-reactivity between calcium-binding pollen allergens the hypoallergenic double mutant may be useful not only for immunotherapy of turnip pollen allergy, but also for the treatment of allergies to other two EF-hand pollen allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Garmatiuk
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Twardosz-Kropfmüller
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Dall'Antonia
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, Faculty of Land and Food Resources, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kinya Toriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Minoo Ghannadan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Klein
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Balic
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Spitzauer
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gleixner KV, Peter B, Blatt K, Suppan V, Reiter A, Radia D, Hadzijusufovic E, Valent P. Synergistic growth-inhibitory effects of ponatinib and midostaurin (PKC412) on neoplastic mast cells carrying KIT D816V. Haematologica 2013; 98:1450-7. [PMID: 23539538 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.079202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis, including mast cell leukemia, have a poor prognosis. In these patients, neoplastic mast cells usually harbor the KIT mutant D816V that confers resistance against tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We examined the effects of the multi-kinase blocker ponatinib on neoplastic mast cells and investigated whether ponatinib acts synergistically with other antineoplastic drugs. Ponatinib was found to inhibit the kinase activity of KIT G560V and KIT D816V in the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1. In addition, ponatinib was found to block Lyn- and STAT5 activity in neoplastic mast cells. Ponatinib induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in HMC-1.1 cells (KIT G560V(+)) and HMC-1.2 cells (KIT G560V(+)/KIT D816V(+)) as well as in primary neoplastic mast cells. The effects of ponatinib were dose-dependent, but higher IC50-values were obtained in HMC-1 cells harboring KIT D816V than in those lacking KIT D816V. In drug combination experiments, ponatinib was found to synergize with midostaurin in producing growth inhibition and apoptosis in HMC-1 cells and primary neoplastic mast cells. The ponatinib+midostaurin combination induced substantial inhibition of KIT-, Lyn-, and STAT5 activity, but did not suppress Btk. We then applied a Btk short interfering RNA and found that Btk knockdown sensitizes HMC-1 cells against ponatinib. Finally, we were able to show that ponatinib synergizes with the Btk-targeting drug dasatinib to produce growth inhibition in HMC-1 cells. In conclusion, ponatinib exerts major growth-inhibitory effects on neoplastic mast cells in advanced systemic mastocytosis and synergizes with midostaurin and dasatinib in inducing growth arrest in neoplastic mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline V Gleixner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marth K, Breyer I, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Shamji MH, Layhadi J, Gieras A, Swoboda I, Zafred D, Keller W, Valent P, Durham SR, Valenta R. A nonallergenic birch pollen allergy vaccine consisting of hepatitis PreS-fused Bet v 1 peptides focuses blocking IgG toward IgE epitopes and shifts immune responses to a tolerogenic and Th1 phenotype. J Immunol 2013; 190:3068-78. [PMID: 23440415 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment for allergy. The construction and characterization of a vaccine for birch pollen allergy is reported. Two nonallergenic peptides, PA and PB, derived from the IgE-reactive areas of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 were fused to the hepatitis B surface protein, PreS, in four recombinant fusion proteins containing different numbers and combinations of the peptides. Fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity showed a lack of IgE reactivity and allergenic activity when tested with sera and basophils from patients allergic to birch pollen. Compared to Bet v 1 allergen, peptides PA and PB showed reduced T cell activation in PBMCs from allergic patients, whereas PreS fusion proteins induced less IL-5 and more IL-10 and IFN-γ. Immunization of rabbits with the fusion proteins, in particular with a PreS fusion protein 2PAPB-PreS, containing two copies of each peptide, induced high levels of IgG Abs against the major IgE-reactive site on Bet v 1 and related allergens. These IgG Abs inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1 better than did IgG induced by immunization with complete Bet v 1. Furthermore, 2PAPB-PreS-induced IgG inhibited Bet v 1-induced basophil activation in allergic patients and CD23-facilitated allergen presentation. Our study exemplifies novel beneficial features for a PreS carrier-based peptide vaccine for birch pollen, which, in addition to the established reduction in allergenic activity, include the enhanced focusing of blocking Ab responses toward IgE epitopes, immunomodulatory activity, and reduction of CD23-facilitated allergen presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Marth
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Twaroch TE, Focke M, Fleischmann K, Balic N, Lupinek C, Blatt K, Ferrara R, Mari A, Ebner C, Valent P, Spitzauer S, Swoboda I, Valenta R. Carrier-bound Alt a 1 peptides without allergenic activity for vaccination against Alternaria alternata allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:966-75. [PMID: 22909168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mould Alternaria alternata is a major elicitor of allergic asthma. Diagnosis and specific immunotherapy (SIT) of Alternaria allergy are often limited by the insufficient quality of natural mould extracts. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether recombinant Alt a 1 can be used for reliable diagnosis of Alternaria alternata allergy and to develop a safe, non-allergenic vaccine for SIT of Alternaria allergy. METHODS The qualitative sensitization profile of 80 Alternaria-allergic patients from Austria and Italy was investigated using an allergen micro-array and the amount of Alternaria-specific IgE directed to rAlt a 1 was quantified by ImmunoCAP measurements. Peptides spanning regions of predicted high surface accessibility of Alt a 1 were synthesized and tested for IgE reactivity and allergenic activity, using sera and basophils from allergic patients. Carrier-bound peptides were studied for their ability to induce IgG antibodies in rabbits which recognize Alt a 1 and inhibit allergic patients' IgE reactivity to Alt a 1. RESULTS rAlt a 1 allowed diagnosis of Alternaria allergy in all tested patients, bound the vast majority (i.e. >95%) of Alternaria-specific IgE and elicited basophil activation already at a concentration of 0.1 ng/mL. Four non-allergenic peptides were synthesized which, after coupling to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin, induced Alt a 1-specific IgG and inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Alt a 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE rAlt a 1 is a highly allergenic molecule allowing sensitive diagnosis of Alternaria allergy. Carrier-bound non-allergenic Alt a 1 peptides are candidates for safe SIT of Alternaria allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T E Twaroch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen KW, Blatt K, Thomas WR, Swoboda I, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Hypoallergenic Der p 1/Der p 2 combination vaccines for immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:435-43.e4. [PMID: 22789398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of allergic patients have house dust mite (HDM) allergy. Group 1 and 2 allergens are the major HDM allergens. OBJECTIVE We sought to produce and perform preclinical characterization of a recombinant hypoallergenic combination vaccine for specific immunotherapy of HDM allergy. METHODS Synthetic genes coding for 2 hybrid proteins consisting of reassembled Der p 1 and Der p 2 fragments with (recombinant Der p 2 [rDer p 2]/1C) and without (rDer p 2/1S) cysteines were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by means of affinity chromatography. Protein fold was determined by using circular dichroism analysis, allergenic activity was determined by testing IgE reactivity and using basophil activation assays, and the presence of T-cell epitopes was determined based on lymphoproliferation in allergic patients. Mice and rabbits were immunized to study the molecules' ability to induce an allergic response and whether they induce allergen-specific IgG capable of inhibiting allergic patients' IgE binding to the allergens, respectively. RESULTS rDer p 2/1C and rDer p 2/1S were expressed in large amounts in E coli as soluble and folded proteins. Because of the lack of disulfide bonds, rDer p 2/1S did not form aggregates and was obtained as a monomeric protein, whereas rDer p 2/1C did form aggregates. Both hypoallergens lacked relevant IgE reactivity and had reduced ability to induce allergic inflammation and allergic responses but induced similar T-cell proliferation as the wild-type allergens. Immunization with the hypoallergens (rDer p 2/1S > rDer p 2/1C) induced IgG antibodies in rabbits that inhibited the IgE reactivity of patients with HDM allergy to Der p 1 and Der p 2. CONCLUSION The preclinical characterization indicates that particularly rDer p 2/1S can be used as a safe hypoallergenic molecule for both tolerance and vaccination approaches to treat HDM allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eckl-Dorna J, Ellinger A, Blatt K, Ghanim V, Steiner I, Pavelka M, Valent P, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Basophils are not the key antigen-presenting cells in allergic patients. Allergy 2012; 67:601-8. [PMID: 22335568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data obtained in mouse models have initiated a controversy whether basophils are the key antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in allergy. Here, we investigate whether basophils are of importance for the presentation of allergen and the induction of T cell proliferation in allergic patients. METHODS T cells, basophils, and APCs depleted of basophils were purified from allergic patients. Co-culture systems based on purified major allergens were established to study allergen-specific T cell responses using proliferation assays. RESULTS Only co-cultures of T cells with APCs depleted of basophils but not with basophils proliferated in response to allergen. Even addition of IL-3 to T cell-basophil co-cultures failed to induce allergen-specific T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate by classical in vitro proliferation assays that basophils are not key antigen-presenting cells that promote T cell proliferation in secondary immune responses to allergen in allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - A. Ellinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - V. Ghanim
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - I. Steiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - M. Pavelka
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research; Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna, AKH; Vienna; Austria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen KW, Focke-Tejkl M, Blatt K, Kneidinger M, Gieras A, Dall'Antonia F, Faé I, Fischer G, Keller W, Valent P, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Carrier-bound nonallergenic Der p 2 peptides induce IgG antibodies blocking allergen-induced basophil activation in allergic patients. Allergy 2012; 67:609-21. [PMID: 22339348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 90% of house dust mite-allergic patients are sensitized to the major Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen, Der p 2. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an allergy vaccine based on carrier-bound Der p 2 peptides, which should allow reducing IgE- and T-cell-mediated side-effects during specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHODS Five Der p 2 peptides (P1-P5) were synthesized and analyzed regarding IgE reactivity and allergenic activity. Lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses induced with Der p 2 and Der p 2 peptides were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mite-allergic patients. Der p 2-specific IgG antibodies induced with carrier-bound Der p 2 peptides in mice and rabbits were tested for their capacity to inhibit IgE binding and basophil activation in allergic patients. RESULTS Of five overlapping peptides (P1-P5) covering the Der p 2 sequence, two peptides (P2 and P4) were identified, which showed no relevant IgE reactivity, allergenic activity, and induced lower Der p 2-specific T-cell activation than Der p 2. However, when coupled to a carrier, P2 and P4 induced Der p 2-specific IgG antibodies in animals, which inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to the allergen and allergen-induced basophil activation similar as antibodies induced with Der p 2. CONCLUSIONS Carrier-bound Der p 2 peptides should allow avoiding IgE-mediated side-effects, and because of their low potential to activate allergen-specific T cells, they may reduce late-phase side-effects during SIT. Further, these peptides may be also useful for prophylactic vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research; Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - K. Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - M. Kneidinger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - A. Gieras
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research; Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - F. Dall'Antonia
- Division of Structural Biology; Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Karl-Franzens-University; Graz; Austria
| | - I. Faé
- Department of Blood Group Serology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna
| | - G. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna
| | - W. Keller
- Division of Structural Biology; Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Karl-Franzens-University; Graz; Austria
| | - P. Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Internal Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | | | - S. Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Herrmann H, Blatt K, Ghanim V, Kneidinger M, Marth K, Valenta R, Valent P. Glucocorticosteroids rescue basophils from dasatinib-augmented immunoglobulin E-mediated histamine release. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:15-22. [PMID: 22555087 DOI: 10.1159/000335146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dasatinib is a multikinase inhibitor active against several tyrosine kinases including ABL, KIT, Lyn and Btk. Apart from its known antileukemic activity, the drug produces several side effects including edemas and pleural effusions, which are supposedly triggered by activated immune cells. Effusion formation can be treated effectively by glucocorticosteroids. We have recently shown that low concentrations of dasatinib (<0.1 µM) promote IgE-dependent secretion of histamine in basophils, especially in allergic individuals. In the current study, we asked whether glucocorticosteroids inhibit dasatinib-induced activation of basophils. METHODS Basophils were preincubated with dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone for 24 h, and were then exposed to an anti-IgE antibody (normal basophils) or the allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 (allergic patients) with or without low concentrations of dasatinib (0.025 µM). After incubation, basophils were examined for histamine release and expression of CD63 and CD203c. RESULTS All three glucocorticosteroids were found to counteract IgE-dependent and dasatinib-enhanced histamine release in basophils in nonallergic and allergic individuals. In addition, glucocorticosteroids were found to inhibit anti-IgE-induced upregulation of CD63 and CD203c in the presence or absence of dasatinib. The inhibitory effects of glucocorticosteroids were dose-dependent (effective range: 1-10 µM) and seen in all donors examined. CONCLUSIONS Glucocorticosteroids rescue IgE receptor cross-linked basophils from additional costimulatory effects of low-dose dasatinib which may have clinical implications in dasatinib-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Herrmann H, Kneidinger M, Cerny-Reiterer S, Rulicke T, Willmann M, V. Gleixner K, Blatt K, Hormann G, Peter B, Samorapoompichit P, Pickl W, Y. Bharate G, Mayerhofer M, R. Sperr W, Maeda H, Valent P. The Hsp32 Inhibitors SMA-ZnPP and PEG-ZnPP Exert Major Growth-Inhibitory Effects on D34+/CD38+ and CD34+/CD38- AML Progenitor Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:51-63. [DOI: 10.2174/156800912798888992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Hoermann G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Herrmann H, Blatt K, Bilban M, Gisslinger H, Gisslinger B, Müllauer L, Kralovics R, Mannhalter C, Valent P, Mayerhofer M. Identification of oncostatin M as a JAK2 V617F-dependent amplifier of cytokine production and bone marrow remodeling in myeloproliferative neoplasms. FASEB J 2011; 26:894-906. [PMID: 22051730 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-193078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The JAK2 mutation V617F is detectable in a majority of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Enforced expression of JAK2 V617F in mice induces myeloproliferation and bone marrow (BM) fibrosis, suggesting a causal role for the JAK2 mutant in the pathogenesis of MPNs. However, little is known about mechanisms and effector molecules contributing to JAK2 V617F-induced myeloproliferation and fibrosis. We show that JAK2 V617F promotes expression of oncostatin M (OSM) in neoplastic myeloid cells. Correspondingly, OSM mRNA levels were increased in the BM of patients with MPNs (median 287% of ABL, range 22-1450%) compared to control patients (median 59% of ABL, range 12-264%; P < 0.0001). OSM secreted by JAK2 V617F+ cells stimulated growth of fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells and induced the production of angiogenic and profibrogenic cytokines (HGF, VEGF, and SDF-1) in BM fibroblasts. All effects of MPN cell-derived OSM were blocked by a neutralizing anti-OSM antibody, whereas the production of OSM in MPN cells was suppressed by a pharmacologic JAK2 inhibitor or RNAi-mediated knockdown of JAK2. In summary, JAK2 V617F-mediated up-regulation of OSM may contribute to fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and the cytokine storm observed in MPNs, suggesting that OSM might serve as a novel therapeutic target molecule in these neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Herrmann H, Cerny-Reiterer S, Gleixner KV, Blatt K, Herndlhofer S, Rabitsch W, Jäger E, Mitterbauer-Hohendanner G, Streubel B, Selzer E, Schwarzinger I, Sperr WR, Valent P. CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia express Siglec-3 (CD33) and are responsive to the CD33-targeting drug gemtuzumab/ozogamicin. Haematologica 2011; 97:219-26. [PMID: 21993666 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD33 is a well-known stem cell target in acute myeloid leukemia. So far, however, little is known about expression of CD33 on leukemic stem cells in chronic leukemias. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed expression of CD33 in leukemic progenitors in chronic myeloid leukemia by multi-color flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the effects of a CD33-targeting drug, gemtuzumab/ozogamicin, were examined. RESULTS As assessed by flow cytometry, stem cell-enriched CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD123(+) leukemic cells expressed significantly higher levels of CD33 compared to normal CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells. Moreover, highly enriched leukemic CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells (>98% purity) displayed higher levels of CD33 mRNA. In chronic phase patients, CD33 was found to be expressed invariably on most or all stem cells, whereas in accelerated or blast phase of the disease, the levels of CD33 on stem cells varied from donor to donor. The MDR1 antigen, supposedly involved in resistance against ozogamicin, was not detectable on leukemic CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells. Correspondingly, gemtuzumab/ozogamicin produced growth inhibition in leukemic progenitor cells in all patients tested. The effects of gemtuzumab/ozogamicin were dose-dependent, occurred at low concentrations, and were accompanied by apoptosis in suspension culture. Moreover, the drug was found to inhibit growth of leukemic cells in a colony assay and long-term culture-initiating cell assay. Finally, gemtuzumab/ozogamicin was found to synergize with nilotinib and bosutinib in inducing growth inhibition in leukemic cells. CONCLUSIONS CD33 is expressed abundantly on immature CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells and may serve as a stem cell target in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zuber J, Shi J, Wang E, Rappaport AR, Herrmann H, Sison EA, Magoon D, Qi J, Blatt K, Wunderlich M, Taylor MJ, Johns C, Chicas A, Mulloy JC, Kogan SC, Brown P, Valent P, Bradner JE, Lowe SW, Vakoc CR. RNAi screen identifies Brd4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukaemia. Nature 2011; 478:524-8. [PMID: 21814200 PMCID: PMC3328300 DOI: 10.1038/nature10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1484] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic pathways can regulate gene expression by controlling and interpreting chromatin modifications. Cancer cells are characterized by altered epigenetic landscapes, and commonly exploit the chromatin regulatory machinery to enforce oncogenic gene expression programs. Although chromatin alterations are, in principle, reversible and often amenable to drug intervention, the promise of targeting such pathways therapeutically has been limited by an incomplete understanding of cancer-specific dependencies on epigenetic regulators. Here we describe a non-biased approach to probe epigenetic vulnerabilities in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), an aggressive haematopoietic malignancy that is often associated with aberrant chromatin states. By screening a custom library of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting known chromatin regulators in a genetically defined AML mouse model, we identify the protein bromodomain-containing 4 (Brd4) as being critically required for disease maintenance. Suppression of Brd4 using shRNAs or the small-molecule inhibitor JQ1 led to robust antileukaemic effects in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by terminal myeloid differentiation and elimination of leukaemia stem cells. Similar sensitivities were observed in a variety of human AML cell lines and primary patient samples, revealing that JQ1 has broad activity in diverse AML subtypes. The effects of Brd4 suppression are, at least in part, due to its role in sustaining Myc expression to promote aberrant self-renewal, which implicates JQ1 as a pharmacological means to suppress MYC in cancer. Our results establish small-molecule inhibition of Brd4 as a promising therapeutic strategy in AML and, potentially, other cancers, and highlight the utility of RNA interference (RNAi) screening for revealing epigenetic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for direct pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baranyi U, Gattringer M, Boehm A, Marth K, Focke-Tejkl M, Bohle B, Blatt K, Valent P, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Expression of a major plant allergen as membrane-anchored and secreted protein in human cells with preserved T cell and B cell epitopes. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 156:259-66. [PMID: 21720171 DOI: 10.1159/000323733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of allergens in human cells is a prerequisite for the development of antigen-specific cell therapy in IgE-mediated allergy. We developed a strategy how the clinically relevant major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 can be efficiently secreted or expressed on the surface of human cells with preserved allergenic activity. METHODS The cDNA of Phl p 5 was fused to a leader peptide with or without a transmembrane domain and both constructs were ligated into a mammalian expression vector. Transfection of these plasmids into human cells resulted in a membrane-anchored or secreted version of Phl p 5, respectively, as determined by ELISA or flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Both the secreted and membrane-anchored Phl p 5 proteins bound IgE from allergic patients in an immunoblot assay and induced specific histamine release and CD203c upregulation in basophils of grass pollen-allergic patients. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Phl p 5-allergic individuals was induced upon stimulation with both variants of Phl p 5 expressed in human cells similar to recombinant Phl p 5. CONCLUSIONS Secreted and membrane-anchored Phl p 5 expressed in human cells preserved B cell as well as T cell epitopes and may be used to develop and test various cell-based strategies for allergen-specific immunomodulation and to delineate the tolerance mechanisms involved therein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baranyi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Eckl-Dorna J, Ellinger A, Pavelka M, Blatt K, Valent P, Womastek I, Valenta R, Niederberger V. Assessment of the role of basophils in promoting allergen-specific T-cell proliferation in allergic patients (163.3). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.163.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The long standing view that basophils mainly play an effector role in allergy by releasing histamine and eicosanoids upon crosslinking of FcϵRI receptor bound immunoglobulin E with specific allergen has recently been challenged. Studies in mouse models indicated an additional role of basophils as antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the initiation of Th2 immunity. However, so far this question has not been addressed in allergic patients. Here we compared basophils and professional APCs with regards to their capacity in promoting in vitro T-cell proliferation upon allergen challenge. T-cells isolated from allergic patients were either cultured alone, together with APCs depleted of basophils or with purified basophils in the presence or absence of allergen. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Stimulation with allergen-induced proliferation in both total PBMCs used as controls and T-cells co-cultured with APCs. In contrast, T-cells co-cultured with basophils did not proliferate in response to allergen stimulation. Addition of cytokines promoting basophil survival to the cultures did not have relevant effects on their capacity to promote T-cell proliferation. In summary, our data indicate that basophils do not play an important role in promoting T-cell proliferation in vitro upon allergen challenge in allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eckl-Dorna
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adolf Ellinger
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Pavelka
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Blatt
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Womastek
- 4Institute for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- 5Divison of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Niederberger
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gieras A, Cejka P, Blatt K, Focke-Tejkl M, Linhart B, Flicker S, Stoecklinger A, Marth K, Drescher A, Thalhamer J, Valent P, Majdic O, Valenta R. Mapping of Conformational IgE Epitopes with Peptide-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Reveals Simultaneous Binding of Different IgE Antibodies to a Surface Patch on the Major Birch Pollen Allergen, Bet v 1. J I 2011; 186:5333-44. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|