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Brazhnikov G, Smolnikov E, Litovkina A, Jiang T, Shatilov A, Tulaeva I, Tulaev M, Karaulov A, Poroshina A, Zhernov Y, Focke‐Tejkl M, Weber M, Akinfenwa O, Elisyutina O, Andreev S, Shilovskiy I, Shershakova N, Smirnov V, Fedenko E, Lepeshkova TS, Beltyukov EC, Naumova VV, Kundi M, Khaitov M, Wiedermann U, Valenta R, Campana R. Natural human Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies recognize non-conformational epitopes whereas IgE reacts with conformational epitopes. Allergy 2023; 78:3136-3153. [PMID: 37701941 PMCID: PMC10952721 DOI: 10.1111/all.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of epitopes on Bet v 1 recognized by natural IgG antibodies of birch pollen allergic patients and birch pollen-exposed but non-sensitized subjects has not been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE To investigate IgE and IgG recognition of Bet v 1 and to study the effects of natural Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies on IgE recognition of Bet v 1 and Bet v 1-induced basophil activation. METHODS Sera from birch pollen allergic patients (BPA, n = 76), allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (NBPA, n = 40) and non-allergic individuals (NA, n = 48) were tested for IgE, IgG as well as IgG1 and IgG4 reactivity to folded recombinant Bet v 1, two unfolded recombinant Bet v 1 fragments comprising the N-terminal (F1) and C-terminal half of Bet v 1 (F2) and unfolded peptides spanning the corresponding sequences of Bet v 1 and the apple allergen Mal d 1 by ELISA or micro-array analysis. The ability of Bet v 1-specific serum antibodies from non-allergic subjects to inhibit allergic patients IgE or IgG binding to rBet v 1 or to unfolded Bet v 1-derivatives was assessed by competition ELISAs. Furthermore, the ability of serum antibodies from allergic and non-allergic subjects to modulate Bet v 1-induced basophil activation was investigated using rat basophilic leukaemia cells expressing the human FcεRI which had been loaded with IgE from BPA patients. RESULTS IgE antibodies from BPA patients react almost exclusively with conformational epitopes whereas IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies from BPA, NBPA and NA subjects recognize mainly unfolded and sequential epitopes. IgG competition studies show that IgG specific for unfolded/sequential Bet v 1 epitopes is not inhibited by folded Bet v 1 and hence the latter seem to represent cryptic epitopes. IgG reactivity to Bet v 1 peptides did not correlate with IgG reactivity to the corresponding Mal d 1 peptides and therefore does not seem to be a result of primary sensitization to PR10 allergen-containing food. Natural Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies inhibited IgE binding to Bet v 1 only poorly and could even enhance Bet v 1-specific basophil activation. CONCLUSION IgE and IgG antibodies from BPA patients and birch pollen-exposed non-sensitized subjects recognize different epitopes. These findings explain why natural allergen-specific IgG do not protect against allergic symptoms and suggest that allergen-specific IgE and IgG have different clonal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Brazhnikov
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Evgenii Smolnikov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Alla Litovkina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tianchi Jiang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Artem Shatilov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Mikhail Tulaev
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Alina Poroshina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Yury Zhernov
- F. Erismann Institute of Public HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Sergey Andreev
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Nadezhda Shershakova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Elena Fedenko
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | | | - Evgeny Cronidovich Beltyukov
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and ImmunologyUral State Medical UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Veronika Victorovna Naumova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and ImmunologyUral State Medical UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Campion NJ, Villazala-Merino S, Thwaites RS, Stanek V, Killick H, Pertsinidou E, Zghaebi M, Toth J, Fröschl R, Perkmann T, Gangl K, Schneider S, Ristl R, Scott IC, Cohen ES, Molin M, Focke-Tejkl M, Regelsberger G, Hansel TT, Valenta R, Niederberger-Leppin V, Eckl-Dorna J. Nasal IL-13 production identifies patients with late-phase allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1167-1178.e12. [PMID: 37536510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited knowledge on how local cytokine secretion patterns after nasal allergen challenge correlate with clinical symptoms especially with regard to the "late allergic response," which occurs in approximately 40% to 50% of patients with allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the immunologic and clinical nasal responses to birch pollen allergen challenge with a special focus on the late allergic response. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, birch pollen-allergic participants were challenged with birch pollen extract (n = 20) or placebo (n = 10) on 3 consecutive days. On days 1 and 3, nasal secretions were collected at selected time points over a 24-hour time course for the measurement of 33 inflammatory mediators. Clinical responses were determined through subjective symptom scores and objective nasal airflow measurements. RESULTS Provoked participants had significantly greater clinical responses and showed significant increases in tryptase and the soluble IL-33 receptor serum stimulation 2 (sST2) in nasal secretions within minutes compared with the placebo group. Eight of 20 provoked participants displayed high IL-13 levels 2 to 8 hours after allergen provocation. This group also showed significant changes in clinical parameters, with a secondary drop in nasal airflow measured by peak nasal inspiratory flow and increased symptoms of nasal obstruction, which significantly differed from IL-13 nonresponders after 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 response status correlates with clinical responses and type 2 cytokine responses in the late phase after allergen provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Killick
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammed Zghaebi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Toth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fröschl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian C Scott
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Suzanne Cohen
- Bioscience Asthma, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Molin
- Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margit Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Guenther Regelsberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Pfaar O, Sager A, Mösges R, Worm M. A high-dose, depigmented polymerized birch pollen extract for subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy has a favourable efficacy/safety ratio. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12315. [PMID: 38006380 PMCID: PMC10646866 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) with depigmented, polymerized (DPP) birch pollen extract has been marketed at doses of up to 1000 DPP units/mL since 2001. We sought to determine the dose-dependent efficacy of a DPP birch pollen extract formulation in patients suffering from birch-pollen-induced allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis with or without intermittent asthma. METHODS A titrated conjunctival provocation test (CPT) was applied as a surrogate marker. This Phase II randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-ranging clinical trial was performed at 39 centres in Germany, Lithuania and Poland. After randomization to four dose-level groups (100, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 DPP units/mL) and up-dosing, participants received maintenance SCIT with five monthly subcutaneous injections. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in whom a higher concentration of birch pollen (vs. baseline) was needed to elicit a positive CPT. RESULTS Three hundred forty-three patients were included (mean (range) age: 42.6 (19-70)). The highest CPT responder rates were seen in the higher dose-level groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the difference between the 100 and 10,000 groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0118). Although the proportion of patients with ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events increased with the dose, almost all these events were mild (65.6%) or moderate (18.5%). CONCLUSION Judging by the results of a CPT, the efficacy/safety ratio in SCIT appears to be favourable for a high-dose-level preparation of a DPP birch pollen extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and AllergyUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | | | - Ralph Mösges
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbHCologneGermany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational BiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CologneCologneNorth Rhine‐WestphaliaGermany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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Yang J, Bae J, Choi CY, Choi SP, Yun HS, Chun T. Oral administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NR16 isolated from Kimchi ameliorates murine allergic rhinitis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:152-160. [PMID: 35388497 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I hypersensitivity mediated by dominant T helper 2 (Th2) response over the Th1 response after re-exposure to a specific allergen. Currently, socio-economic cost evoked by AR is quickly increasing since the prevalence of AR is gradually increasing in all ages worldwide. Several probiotic Lactobacillus strains have been described with potential immunomodulatory effects against type I hypersensitivity such as AR. Thus, the aim of the present work was to characterize basic probiotic property and immunomodulatory role of newly isolated Lactobacillus strains from Kimchi, a traditional fermented Korean food, in allergic rhinitis. Among the identified strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NR16 revealed to be a powerful Th1 inducer since immune cells co-cultured with NR16 produced the highest quantity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) but secreted a low amount of IL-4 in vitro. Therefore, NR16 was selected for the following assays conducted with mice with birch pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. Oral administration of NR16 reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and leukocyte infiltration in lesions of mice. In conclusion, oral administration of NR16 may mitigate symptoms of allergic rhinitis by inducing Th1 immune response, which might rebalance Th2/Th1 ratio by decreasing Th2 cytokine production in specific lesions of mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - J Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Y Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - S-P Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Yun
- Health R&D Center, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon-si, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - T Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Atanasio A, Franklin MC, Kamat V, Hernandez AR, Badithe A, Ben LH, Jones J, Bautista J, Yancopoulos GD, Olson W, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. Targeting immunodominant Bet v 1 epitopes with monoclonal antibodies prevents the birch allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:200-211. [PMID: 34126155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the major cat allergen, Fel d 1, with mAbs was effective in preventing an acute cat allergic response. OBJECTIVES This study sought to extend the allergen-specific antibody approach and demonstrate that a combination of mAbs targeting Bet v 1, the immunodominant and most abundant allergenic protein in birch pollen, can prevent the birch allergic response. METHODS Bet v 1-specific mAbs, REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715, were isolated using the VelocImmune platform. Surface plasmon resonance, x-ray crystallography, and cryo-electron microscopy determined binding kinetics and structural data. Inhibition of IgE-binding, basophil activation, and mast cell degranulation were assessed via blocking ELISA, flow cytometry, and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model. RESULTS REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715 bind with high affinity and noncompetitively to Bet v 1. A cocktail of all 3 antibodies, REGN5713/14/15, blocks IgE binding to Bet v 1 and inhibits Bet v 1- and birch pollen extract-induced basophil activation ex vivo and mast cell degranulation in vivo. Crystal structures of the complex of Bet v 1 with immunoglobulin antigen-binding fragments of REGN5713 or REGN5715 show distinct interaction sites on Bet v 1. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a planar and roughly symmetrical complex formed by REGN5713/14/15 bound to Bet v 1. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm the immunodominance of Bet v 1 in birch allergy and demonstrate blockade of the birch allergic response with REGN5713/14/15. Structural analyses show simultaneous binding of REGN5713, REGN5714, and REGN5715 with substantial areas of Bet v 1 exposed, suggesting that targeting specific epitopes is sufficient to block the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
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6
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Hufnagl K, Kromp L, Bianchini R, Afify SM, Wiederstein M, Redegeld FA, Zuvalova I, Dvorak Z, Hofstetter G, Roth‐Walter F, Pacios LF, Jensen‐Jarolim E. Bet v 1 from birch pollen is a hypoallergen with vitamin D3 in the pocket. Allergy 2021; 76:3801-3804. [PMID: 34392548 DOI: 10.1111/all.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Livia Kromp
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sheriene Moussa Afify
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shebin El‐Kom Egypt
| | - Markus Wiederstein
- Department of Biosciences Center of Applied Molecular Engineering University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Iveta Zuvalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Biotechnology‐Vegetal Biology ETSIAABTechnical University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Biomedical Int. R+D GmbH Vienna Austria
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7
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Schmalz S, Mayr V, Shosherova A, Gepp B, Ackerbauer D, Sturm G, Bohle B, Breiteneder H, Radauer C. Isotype-specific binding patterns of serum antibodies to multiple conformational epitopes of Bet v 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1786-1794.e12. [PMID: 34740603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen is an important elicitor of respiratory allergy. The major allergen, Bet v 1, binds IgE exclusively via conformational epitopes. OBJECTIVE To identify Bet v 1-specific epitope repertoires of IgE and IgG from birch pollen-allergic and non-allergic subjects. METHODS Chimeric proteins were created by grafting individual epitope-sized, contiguous surface patches of Bet v 1 onto a non-allergenic structural homologue and expressed in Escherichia coli. Binding of IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 from sera of 30 birch pollen-allergic and 11 non-allergic subjects to Bet v 1, 13 chimeric proteins and four bacterial Bet v 1 homologues were measured by ELISA. The proportion of epitope-specific in total Bet v 1-specific IgE and the cross-reactivity of Bet v 1-specific IgE with bacterial homologues were determined by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Thirteen soluble, correctly folded chimeric proteins were produced. IgE from 27/30 birch pollen-allergic patients bound to 1-12 chimeric proteins (median 4.0) with patient-specific patterns. Three chimeras binding IgE from the majority of sera were identified, whose pgrafted patches overlapped with previously published epitopes. Patterns of IgG1 and IgG4 binding to the chimeric proteins did not correspond to the binding patterns of IgE. Sera of 19/30 birch pollen-allergic patients contained low amounts of IgE to bacterial homologues. Bacterial proteins were able to partially inhibit IgE binding to Bet v 1. CONCLUSION Epitopes recognized by Bet v 1-specific antibodies from birch pollen-allergic patients are specific to each patient and differ between IgE, IgG1 and IgG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmalz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mayr
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Shosherova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Gepp
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Daniela Ackerbauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunter Sturm
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Hufnagl K, Afify SM, Braun N, Wagner S, Wallner M, Hauser M, Wiederstein M, Gadermaier G, Wildner S, Redegeld FA, Blokhuis BR, Hofstetter G, Pali‐Schöll I, Roth‐Walter F, Pacios LF, Jensen‐Jarolim E. Retinoic acid-loading of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 may improve specific allergen immunotherapy: In silico, in vitro and in vivo data in BALB/c mice. Allergy 2020; 75:2073-2077. [PMID: 32141090 PMCID: PMC7522679 DOI: 10.1111/all.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hufnagl
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sheriene Moussa Afify
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shebin El‐Kom Egypt
| | - Nina Braun
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Markus Wiederstein
- Protein Bioinformatics Research Group Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Sabrina Wildner
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bart R. Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Isabella Pali‐Schöll
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Luis F. Pacios
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics CBGP (UPM‐INIA) and Department of Biotechnology‐Plant Biology Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- The interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Biomedical International R+D GmbH Vienna Austria
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9
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Sánchez Acosta G, Kinaciyan T, Kitzmüller C, Möbs C, Pfützner W, Bohle B. IgE-blocking antibodies following SLIT with recombinant Mal d 1 accord with improved apple allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:894-900.e2. [PMID: 32259540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that 16 weeks of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with recombinant (r) Mal d 1, but not rBet v 1, significantly improved birch pollen-related apple allergy. Allergen-specific IgE-blocking IgG antibodies have been associated with clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE We compared the quantity, quality, and IgE-blocking bioactivity of SLIT-induced Mal d 1-specific IgG antibodies in both treatment groups. METHODS Pre- and post-SLIT sera were assessed for rMal d 1-specific IgG antibodies in ELISA and for their ability to inhibit apple allergen-induced upregulation of CD63 on basophils from nontreated individuals with birch pollen-related apple allergy. Post-SLIT sera depleted of IgG1 or IgG4 were compared for their IgE-blocking activity. IgG1 binding to rMal d 1 was competed with rMal d 1 and rBet v 1 in ELISA. RESULTS SLIT with rMal d 1 and rBet v 1 induced comparable levels of rMal d 1-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies. Only post-rMal d 1 SLIT sera displayed IgE-blocking activity, which was significantly reduced by depletion of IgG1 and less so by IgG4 depletion. In competition ELISA, IgG1 binding to Mal d 1 in post-rMal d 1 SLIT sera was fully inhibited with rMal d 1 but not with rBet v 1. Correspondingly, Bet v 1 was the more potent competitor for IgG1 binding to Mal d 1 in post-rBet v 1 SLIT sera. CONCLUSION rMal d 1 SLIT for 16 weeks induced functional, primarily Mal d 1-specific IgE-blocking antibodies, whereas rBet v 1 SLIT induced Bet v 1-specific, Mal d 1-cross-reactive IgG antibodies with limited cross-blocking activity. These results provide a possible explanation for the limited effectiveness of birch pollen immunotherapy in birch pollen-related food allergy and indicate a dominant protective role of functional IgE-blocking IgG1 antibodies in the early phase of allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sánchez Acosta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Elisyutina O, Fedenko E, Campana R, Litovkina A, Ilina N, Kudlay D, Egorenkov E, Smirnov V, Valenta R, Lupinek C, Khaitov M. Bet v 1-specific IgE levels and PR-10 reactivity discriminate silent sensitization from phenotypes of birch allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:2525-2528. [PMID: 31145475 DOI: 10.1111/all.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Fedenko
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alla Litovkina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Nataliya Ilina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
| | | | - Valeriy Smirnov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Sechenov First State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Sechenov First State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
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11
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Villazala-Merino S, Rodriguez-Dominguez A, Stanek V, Campion NJ, Gattinger P, Hofer G, Froeschl R, Fae I, Lupinek C, Vrtala S, Breiteneder H, Keller W, Perkmann T, Nakamura R, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Eckl-Dorna J, Niederberger V. Allergen-specific IgE levels and the ability of IgE-allergen complexes to cross-link determine the extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:958-967.e5. [PMID: 31775017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background CD23 mediates IgE-facilitated allergen presentation and subsequent allergen-specific T-cell activation in allergic patients. Objective We sought to investigate key factors regulating IgE-facilitated allergen presentation through CD23 and subsequent T-cell activation. Methods To study T-cell activation by free allergens and different types of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes, we used a molecular model based on monoclonal human Bet v 1–specific IgE, monomeric and oligomeric Bet v 1 allergen, an MHC-matched CD23-expressing B-cell line, and a T-cell line expressing a human Bet v 1–specific T-cell receptor. The ability to cross-link Fcε receptors of complexes consisting of either IgE and monomeric Bet v 1 or IgE and oligomeric Bet v 1 was studied in human FcεRI-expressing basophils. T-cell proliferation by monomeric or oligomeric Bet v 1, which cross-links Fcε receptors to a different extent, was studied in allergic patients’ PBMCs with and without CD23-expressing B cells. Results In our model non–cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 monomer complexes, as well as cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes, induced T-cell activation, which was dependent on the concentration of specific IgE. However, T-cell activation by cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes was approximately 125-fold more efficient. Relevant T-cell proliferation occurred in allergic patients’ PBMCs only in the presence of B cells, and its magnitude depended on the ability of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes to cross-link CD23. Conclusion The extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation depends on the concentration of allergen-specific IgE and the cross-linking ability of IgE-allergen complexes.
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12
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Mahmood F, Hetland G, Nentwich I, Mirlashari MR, Ghiasvand R, Nissen-Meyer LSH. Agaricus blazei-Based Mushroom Extract Supplementation to Birch Allergic Blood Donors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2339. [PMID: 31581605 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) extract reduced specific IgE and ameliorated a skewed Th1/Th2 balance in a mouse allergy model, it was tested in blood donors with self-reported, IgE-positive, birch pollen allergy and/or asthma. Sixty recruited donors were randomized in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study with pre-seasonal, 7-week, oral supplementation with the AbM-based extract AndosanTM. Before and after the pollen season, questionnaires were answered for allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma, and medication; serum IgE was measured, and Bet v 1-induced basophil activation was determined by CD63 expression. The reported general allergy and asthma symptoms and medication were significantly reduced in the AbM compared to the placebo group during pollen season. During the season, there was significant reduction in specific IgE anti-Bet v 1 and anti-t3 (birch pollen extract) levels in the AbM compared with the placebo group. While the maximal allergen concentrations needed for eliciting basophil activation before the season, changed significantly in the placebo group to lower concentrations (i.e., enhanced sensitization) after the season, these concentrations remained similar in the AndosanTM AbM extract group. Hence, the prophylactic effect of oral supplementation before the season with the AbM-based AndosanTM extract on aeroallergen-induced allergy was associated with reduced specific IgE levels during the season and basophils becoming less sensitive to allergen activation.
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13
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van Rijt LS, Logiantara A, Canbaz D, van Ree R. Birch pollen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy reduces ILC2 frequency but does not suppress IL-33 in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1402-1411. [PMID: 30126007 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanism of allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is not yet fully understood, but suppression of allergen-specific Th2 cells and production of allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies are two hallmarks. The impact on the innate arm of the immune system is far less clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of birch pollen (BP) SCIT on the innate immune response in a BP SCIT mouse model. METHODS Mice with birch pollen-induced allergic airway inflammation received weekly subcutaneous immunotherapy injections with birch pollen extract (BPE) adsorbed to alum. The effect of the BP SCIT on innate cytokine levels in lung, the number and the functionality of ILC2s and the airway inflammation was determined. RESULTS Mice with BP allergy had an increased level of the innate cytokines IL-33, IL-25, GM-CSF and IL-5+ ILC2s in the lungs. BP SCIT suppressed the number of IL-5+ ILC2s, mast cell tryptase release, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment and peribronchial inflammatory infiltrates. In contrast, innate cytokine production and collagen deposition in the airways were not affected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BP SCIT is able to suppress the adaptive and part of the innate immune response, but this is not sufficient to inhibit collagen deposition and the IL-33 expression in the airways in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie S van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Canbaz
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Schülke S, Fiedler AH, Junker AC, Flaczyk A, Wolfheimer S, Wangorsch A, Heinz A, Beckert H, Nagl B, Bohle B, Vieths S, Toda M, Scheurer S. Critical role of mammalian target of rapamycin for IL-10 dendritic cell induction by a flagellin A conjugate in preventing allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1786-1798.e11. [PMID: 28886863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusion proteins incorporating the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin are currently undergoing clinical trials as vaccine candidates for many diseases. OBJECTIVE We studied the mechanisms of immune modulation by a flagellin:allergen fusion protein containing the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin A from Listeria monocytogenes and the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 (recombinant flagellin A [rFlaA]:Betv1). METHODS BALB/c mice were vaccinated with rFlaA:Betv1 in an experimental Bet v 1 sensitization model. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) were differentiated from mouse bone marrow, and PBMCs were isolated from subjects with birch pollen allergy. Cells were stimulated with equimolar amounts of rFlaA, rBet v 1, rFlaA plus rBet v 1, or the rFlaA:Betv1 conjugate and analyzed for cell activation, cytokine secretion, and metabolic state. RESULTS rFlaA:Betv1 displayed strong immune-modulating properties both in vivo and in vitro, as characterized by secretion of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines from murine mDCs and PBMCs from patients with birch allergy. rFlaA:Betv1 suppressed TH2 responses from Bet v 1-specific CD4+ T cells and prevented allergic sensitization in a mouse allergy model. Aggregation of rFlaA:Betv1 resulted in stronger protein uptake accompanied by an increased resistance to microsomal digestion. Remarkably, rFlaA:Betv1 induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin, which increased the metabolic activity of the stimulated mDCs. rFlaA:Betv1-mediated IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokine secretion, was inhibited by rapamycin in mDCs. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that mammalian target of rapamycin is a key player involved in prevention of TH2 responses by flagellin A conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Adam Flaczyk
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Anke Heinz
- Pulmonary Department III, Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Department of Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisberg-Essen, Germany
| | - Birgit Nagl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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15
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Kinaciyan T, Nagl B, Faustmann S, Frommlet F, Kopp S, Wolkersdorfer M, Wöhrl S, Bastl K, Huber H, Berger U, Bohle B. Efficacy and safety of 4 months of sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant Mal d 1 and Bet v 1 in patients with birch pollen-related apple allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1002-1008. [PMID: 28870463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-related apple allergy is among the most prevalent food allergies in adolescent/adult subjects and mainly results from sensitization to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and subsequent cross-reaction with the apple protein Mal d 1. However, specific immunotherapy with birch pollen has inconsistent effects on apple allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with 2 formulations containing either rMal d 1 or rBet v 1 on birch pollen-related apple allergy. METHODS Sixty participants with birch pollen-related apple allergy were randomized to daily sublingual application of placebo (n = 20) or 25 μg of rMal d 1 (n = 20) or rBet v 1 (n = 20) for 16 weeks. Adverse events were regularly recorded. Sublingual challenges with standardized doses of rMal d 1, skin prick tests with recombinant allergens, and measurements of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS Both formulations caused comparable, mainly local adverse events. No systemic reactions occurred. Compared with the placebo and rBet v 1-treated groups, SLIT with rMal d 1 reduced rMal d 1-induced oral symptoms (P = .001 and P = .038) accompanied by longitudinally reduced rMal d 1-specific cutaneous reactions (P = .022) and enhanced IgG4/IgE ratios (P = .012). SLIT with rBet v 1 neither improved the clinical reactivity to rMal d 1 nor enhanced rMal d 1-specific IgG4/IgE ratios. Participants receiving placebo showed no allergen-specific changes. CONCLUSION Sublingual treatment with a recombinant food allergen was safe and clinically effective, as determined by using standardized challenges. We present a promising approach for the effective treatment of birch pollen-related apple allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Nagl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Faustmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Frommlet
- Department of Medical Statistics (CEMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ), Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Bastl
- Aerobiology and Pollen Information Research Unit, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Uwe Berger
- Aerobiology and Pollen Information Research Unit, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Cop N, Ebo DG, Bridts CH, Elst J, Hagendorens MM, Mertens C, Faber MA, De Clerck LS, Sabato V. Influence of IL-6, IL-33, and TNF-α on human mast cell activation: Lessons from single cell analysis by flow cytometry. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2017; 94:405-411. [PMID: 28802100 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms that govern priming and degranulation of human mast cells (MCs) remain elusive. Besides, most of our knowledge is based on experiments from which data only reflect an average of all stimulated cells. This study aims at investigating the effects of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-33, and TNF-α on IgE-dependent and IgE-independent activation of individual MCs. METHODS MCs were derived from CD34+ progenitors isolated from 50 mL whole blood from 4 healthy controls and 5 birch pollen allergic patients. Passively sensitized MCs were preincubated with IL-6, IL-33, or TNF-α and stimulated with anti-IgE/birch pollen allergen or substance P, the latter being a ligand for the G-protein-coupled MRGPRX2-receptor. Activation-i.e., upregulation of CD203c-and anaphylactic degranulation-i.e., appearance of CD63-were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Preincubation with IL-33 demonstrated upregulated CD203c density without degranulation. Subsequent IgE-dependent stimulation (anti-IgE/birch pollen allergen) resulted in higher appearance of CD63 as compared to cells without preincubation, indicating IL-33 to exert a priming effect (P = 0.04). IL-6 only increased allergen-specific responses but to a lesser extent than IL-33. Combination of IL-33/IL-6 had a synergistic effect, demonstrating more degranulation in response to allergen. TNF-α had no effect on IgE-mediated activation, nor synergistic effects with IL-33. Stimulation with substance P resulted in degranulation that could not be enhanced by preincubation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, IL-33, and in a lesser extent IL-6, prime individual MCs for subsequent IgE-mediated activation. Moreover, this priming effect is synergistic. In contrast, none of the cytokines had a priming effect on MRGPRX2-mediated activation of MCs. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cop
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Margaretha A Faber
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Luc S De Clerck
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
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17
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Spertini F, DellaCorte G, Kettner A, de Blay F, Jacobsen L, Jutel M, Worm M, Charlon V, Reymond C. Efficacy of 2 months of allergen-specific immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Results of a phase IIb study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:162-8. [PMID: 27373329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An immunotherapy formulation consisting of 3 contiguous overlapping peptides (COPs) derived from Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, showed good clinical tolerability in a previous phase I/IIa clinical trial. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy using 2 dose regimens of Bet v 1 COPs versus placebo in subjects with birch pollen-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb clinical trial was performed to assess the efficacy of Bet v 1 COP immunotherapy during the 2013 birch pollen season. Before the season, Bet v 1 COPs (50 and 100 μg in aluminum hydroxide) or placebo (saline and aluminum hydroxide) were administered as 5 subcutaneous injections to 239 adults with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to birch pollen. Bet v 1 COPs at 25 or 50 μg were administered on day 1, and 50 or 100 μg was administered on days 8, 15, 29, and 57, respectively. Patients were monitored for adverse events during the treatment period and assessed for combined rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores, as well as quality of life. RESULTS Rhinoconjunctivitis symptom and medication scores improved in both Bet v 1 COP-treated groups, reaching statistical significance over placebo in the 50-μg group (least squares mean, -0.23; 26% improvement; P = .015). Both active groups showed significant improvement in quality of life and nighttime nasal symptom scores, supporting the primary end point findings. Bet v 1 COP injections were well tolerated, with a higher frequency of systemic adverse events in the 100-μg group. CONCLUSION Two months of preseasonal immunotherapy with 3 COPs derived from Bet v 1 at a 50-μg dose showed promising efficacy, small risk for systemic reactions, and immunomodulatory changes in this single-season, dose-finding, phase IIb trial in patients allergic to birch pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Frédéric de Blay
- Chest Diseases Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Federation of Translational medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lars Jacobsen
- Allergy Learning and Consulting, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Jutel
- "ALL-MED" Medical Research Institute, Department of Clinical Immunology, Silesian Piasts University of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Margitta Worm
- Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Siebeneicher S, Reuter S, Wangorsch A, Krause M, Foetisch K, Heinz A, Naito S, Reuter A, Taube C, Vieths S, Scheurer S, Toda M. Epicutaneous immunotherapy with a hypoallergenic Bet v 1 suppresses allergic asthma in a murine model. Allergy 2015; 70:1559-68. [PMID: 26304061 DOI: 10.1111/all.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to reduced allergic potency, hypoallergenic variants have been suggested as safer and potentially more efficacious alternative to the corresponding wild-type allergens in allergen-specific immunotherapy. Here, we aimed at investigating the efficacy of recombinant Bet v 1B2, a hypoallergenic folding variant of Bet v 1, in epicutaneous immunotherapy to suppress asthmatic features using a murine model of birch pollen allergy. METHODS AND RESULTS Before, or after sensitization with rBet v 1 plus ALUMW and intranasal challenges with birch pollen extract, BALB/c mice received epicutaneous immunization (EPI) with rBet v 1, or rBet v 1B2 on their depilated back. Prophylactic EPI with rBet v 1B2, but not with rBet v 1, suppressed serum levels of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies and reduced the number of eosinophils and the concentrations of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage. In an established allergic condition, serum levels of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies were similar between PBS-treated control mice and EPI-treated mice. However, therapeutic EPI with rBet v 1B2, but not with rBet v 1, significantly suppressed the development of airway inflammation and lung function impairment. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show the effect of therapeutic EPI with a recombinant form of a hypoallergenic folding variant on the suppression of asthmatic features. Our results suggest that rBet v 1B2 along with its reduced IgE-binding capacity could be a preferred therapeutic allergen than wild-type rBet v 1 in epicutaneous immunotherapy of birch pollen-induced allergic asthma, in particular due to a lower risk of allergic side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Siebeneicher
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Reuter
- The III Medical Department; University Medical Centre; Mainz Germany
- Experimental Asthma Research; Research Center Borstel; Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences; Borstel Germany
| | - A. Wangorsch
- Vice President's Research Group ‘Molecular Allergology’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - M. Krause
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
- Vice President's Research Group ‘Molecular Allergology’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - K. Foetisch
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - A. Heinz
- The III Medical Department; University Medical Centre; Mainz Germany
| | - S. Naito
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection; The National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Reuter
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - C. Taube
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - S. Vieths
- Vice President's Research Group ‘Molecular Allergology’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Scheurer
- Vice President's Research Group ‘Molecular Allergology’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - M. Toda
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
- Vice President's Research Group ‘Molecular Allergology’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
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19
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Campana R, Moritz K, Marth K, Neubauer A, Huber H, Henning R, Blatt K, Hoermann G, Brodie TM, Kaider A, Valent P, Sallusto F, Wöhrl S, Valenta R. Frequent occurrence of T cell-mediated late reactions revealed by atopy patch testing with hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:601-609.e8. [PMID: 26518092 PMCID: PMC4748398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Late allergic reactions are common in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy and even occur with allergy vaccines with reduced IgE reactivity. Objective We sought to study atopy patch test (APT) reactions and T-cell responses to the recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and recombinant hypoallergenic T-cell epitope–containing Bet v 1 fragments in patients with birch pollen allergy with and without atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods A clinical study was conducted in 15 patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (group 1), 5 patients with birch pollen allergy without AD (group 2), 5 allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (group 3), and 5 nonallergic subjects (group 4) by performing skin prick tests and APTs with rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments. T-cell, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+ and CCR4+ T-cell and cytokine responses were studied by thymidine uptake, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining, and Luminex technology, respectively. Results rBet v 1 and hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induced APT reactions in not only most of the patients with birch pollen allergy with AD (11/15) but also in most of those without AD (4/5). Patients with birch pollen allergy with AD had higher Bet v 1–specific proliferation of CLA+ and CCR4+ T cells compared with patients with birch pollen allergy without AD. There were no differences in Bet v 1–specific CLA+ and CCR4+ proliferation and cytokine secretion in patients with and without APT reactions. Conclusion Hypoallergenic rBet v 1 fragments induce T cell–dependent late reactions not only in patients with birch pollen allergy with AD but also in those without AD, which can be determined based on APT results but not based on in vitro parameters.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Allergens/immunology
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Betula/adverse effects
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Female
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Patch Tests
- Pollen/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Moritz
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Marth
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans Huber
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Blatt
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tess M Brodie
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kaider
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Section for Clinical Biometrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Pichler U, Hauser M, Hofer H, Himly M, Hoflehner E, Steiner M, Mutschlechner S, Hufnagl K, Ebner C, Mari A, Briza P, Bohle B, Wiedermann U, Ferreira F, Wallner M. Allergen hybrids - next generation vaccines for Fagales pollen immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:438-49. [PMID: 24330218 PMCID: PMC4041320 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Trees belonging to the order of Fagales show a distinct geographical distribution. While alder and birch are endemic in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, hazel, hornbeam and oak prefer a warmer climate. However, specific immunotherapy of Fagales pollen-allergic patients is mainly performed using birch pollen extracts, thus limiting the success of this intervention in birch-free areas. Objectives T cells are considered key players in the modification of an allergic immune response during specific immunotherapy (SIT), therefore we thought to combine linear T cell epitope-containing stretches of the five most important Fagales allergens from birch, hazel, alder, oak and hornbeam resulting in a Fagales pollen hybrid (FPH) molecule applicable for SIT. Methods A Fagales pollen hybrid was generated by PCR-based recombination of low IgE-binding allergen epitopes. Moreover, a structural-variant FPH4 was calculated by in silico mutagenesis, rendering the protein unable to adopt the Bet v 1-like fold. Both molecules were produced in Escherichia coli, characterized physico-chemically as well as immunologically, and tested in mouse models of allergic sensitization as well as allergy prophylaxis. Results Using spectroscopic analyses, both proteins were monomeric, and the secondary structure elements of FPH resemble the ones typical for Bet v 1-like proteins, whereas FPH4 showed increased amounts of unordered structure. Both molecules displayed reduced binding capacities of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies. However, in a mouse model, the proteins were able to induce high IgG titres cross-reactive with all parental allergens. Moreover, prophylactic treatment with the hybrid proteins prevented pollen extract-induced allergic lung inflammation in vivo. Conclusion The hybrid molecules showed a more efficient uptake and processing by dendritic cells resulting in a modified T cell response. The proteins had a lower IgE-binding capacity compared with the parental allergens, thus the high safety profile and increased efficacy emphasize clinical application for the treatment of Fagales multi-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Pichler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Siebeneicher S, Reuter S, Krause M, Wangorsch A, Maxeiner J, Wolfheimer S, Schülke S, Naito S, Heinz A, Taube C, Vieths S, Scheurer S, Toda M. Epicutaneous immune modulation with Bet v 1 plus R848 suppresses allergic asthma in a murine model. Allergy 2014; 69:328-37. [PMID: 24329861 DOI: 10.1111/all.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining allergen(s) with an adjuvant is a strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Here, we aimed at investigating the adjuvant effects of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly(A:U)), a TLR3 agonist, and R848 (resiquimod), a TLR7 agonist, in epicutaneous immunotherapy with Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, to intervene in birch pollen allergy. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice received epicutaneous immunization (EPI) with recombinant Bet v 1 (rBet v 1) alone, or plus poly(A:U), or R848 on their depilated back using patches. Among the groups, EPI with rBet v 1 and R848 induced detectable levels of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells in lymph nodes and Bet v 1-specific IgG2a antibodies in the sera of mice. Before or after EPI, mice were sensitized with rBet v 1 plus aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and intranasally challenged with birch pollen extract. Prophylactic EPI with rBet v 1 plus R848 inhibited the production of biologically active Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies in sensitization. Prophylactic and therapeutic EPI with rBet v 1 plus R848 suppressed lung inflammation upon challenges. Remarkably, only rBet v 1 plus R848 reduced the development of enhanced pause (PenH), a substituted parameter for airway hyper-reactivity, in challenged mice. In contrast to R848, poly(A:U) did not present adjuvant effect on the suppression of asthmatic features. CONCLUSION Epicutaneous immunization with rBet v 1 plus R848 induced predominant Bet v 1-specific Th1 responses and efficiently suppressed asthmatic features elicited by birch pollen. R848 could be a promising adjuvant in epicutaneous immunotherapy for birch pollen-induced allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Siebeneicher
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Reuter
- The III Medical Department; University Hospital Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - M. Krause
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - A. Wangorsch
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - J. Maxeiner
- The III Medical Department; University Hospital Mainz; Mainz Germany
- Asthma Core Facility; The Research Centre Immunology (FZI); University Hospital Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - S. Wolfheimer
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Schülke
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Naito
- Division of Quality Assurance; The National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Heinz
- The III Medical Department; University Hospital Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Taube
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - S. Vieths
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - S. Scheurer
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - M. Toda
- Junior Research Group 1 ‘Experimental Allergy Models’; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
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22
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Gepp B, Lengger N, Bublin M, Hemmer W, Breiteneder H, Radauer C. Chimeras of Bet v 1 and Api g 1 reveal heterogeneous IgE responses in patients with birch pollen allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:188-94. [PMID: 24529686 PMCID: PMC4085476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of IgE-binding epitopes of allergens and determination of their patient-specific relevance is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the contribution of specific surface areas of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1.0101 to binding IgE of individual patients. METHODS Four distinct areas of Bet v 1 representing in total 81% of its surface were grafted onto the scaffold of its homolog, Api g 1.0101, to yield the chimeras Api-Bet-1 to Api-Bet-4. The chimeras were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. IgE binding of 64 sera from Bet v 1-sensitized subjects with birch pollen allergy was determined by using direct ELISA. Specificity was assessed by means of inhibition ELISA. RESULTS rApi g 1.0101, Api-Bet-1, Api-Bet-2, Api-Bet-3, and Api-Bet-4 bound IgE from 44%, 89%, 80%, 78%, and 48% of the patients, respectively. By comparing the amount of IgE binding to the chimeras and to rApi g 1.0101, 81%, 70%, 75%, and 45% of the patients showed significantly enhanced IgE binding to Api-Bet-1, Api-Bet-2, Api-Bet-3, and Api-Bet-4, respectively. The minority (8%) of the sera revealed enhanced IgE binding exclusively to a single chimera, whereas 31% showed increased IgE binding to all 4 chimeras compared with rApi g 1.0101. The chimeras inhibited up to 70% of IgE binding to rBet v 1.0101, confirming the specific IgE recognition of the grafted regions. CONCLUSION The Bet v 1-specific IgE response is polyclonal, and epitopes are spread across the entire Bet v 1 surface. Furthermore, the IgE recognition profile of Bet v 1 is highly patient specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gepp
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Lengger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Subbarayal B, Schiller D, Möbs C, de Jong NW, Ebner C, Reider N, Bartel D, Lidholm J, Pfützner W, Gerth van Wijk R, Vieths S, Bohle B. Kinetics, cross-reactivity, and specificity of Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies induced by immunotherapy with birch pollen. Allergy 2013; 68:1377-86. [PMID: 24053565 DOI: 10.1111/all.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE antibodies specific for the major birch pollen allergen frequently cross-react with Bet v 1 homologous food proteins, for example Cor a 1 in hazelnut and Mal d 1 in apple. Specific immunotherapy with birch pollen (BP-SIT) induces IgG4 antibodies that inhibit IgE binding to Bet v 1. However, information on cross-reactivity of BP-SIT-induced Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies with food allergens is limited. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of production, cross-reactivity, and IgE-blocking activity of Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies emerging during conventional BP-SIT and whether IgG4-epitopes overlapped with IgE epitopes. METHODS IgE and IgG4 levels specific for Bet v 1, Mal d 1, and Cor a 1 were determined in 42 birch pollen-allergic patients before and during BP-SIT. Inhibition of IgE binding was studied by IgE-facilitated antigen-binding assays and basophil activation tests. Furthermore, inhibition of IgE-mediated activation of food allergen-reactive Bet v 1-specific T-cell lines was assessed. Competitive immunoscreening of phage-displayed peptides was applied to select mimotopes recognized by IgE and IgG4 antibodies, respectively. The resulting mimotopes were mapped on the surface of the 3D structure of the allergens using a computer-based algorithm. RESULTS BP-SIT significantly increased Bet v 1- and food allergen-reactive IgG4 antibodies. In parallel, allergen-specific IgE levels decreased significantly. Sera containing food allergen-reactive IgG4 antibodies inhibited IgE binding, basophil activation, and IgE-mediated food allergen-induced T-cell proliferation. Predicted IgE and IgG4 epitopes on all allergens showed high overlap. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that BP-SIT may induce Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies that cross-react with related food allergens and inhibit IgE binding by epitope competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Subbarayal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - D. Schiller
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - C. Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - N. W. de Jong
- Section of Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. Ebner
- Allergy Clinic Reumannplatz; Vienna Austria
| | - N. Reider
- Department of Dermatology; University Clinic Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - D. Bartel
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - J. Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
| | - W. Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; Philipps University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - R. Gerth van Wijk
- Section of Allergology; Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - S. Vieths
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Langen Germany
| | - B. Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Selb R, Eckl-Dorna J, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Niederberger V. An assay that may predict the development of IgG enhancing allergen-specific IgE binding during birch immunotherapy. Allergy 2013; 68:1199-202. [PMID: 23998344 DOI: 10.1111/all.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that birch pollen immunotherapy can induce IgG antibodies which enhance IgE binding to Bet v 1. We aimed to develop a serological assay to predict the development of antibodies which enhance IgE binding to Bet v 1 during immunotherapy. METHODS In 18 patients treated by Bet v 1-fragment-specific immunotherapy, the effects of IgG antibodies specific for the fragments on the binding of IgE antibodies to Bet v 1 were measured by ELISA. Blocking and possible enhancing effects on IgE binding were compared with skin sensitivity to Bet v 1 after treatment. RESULTS We found that fragment-specific IgG enhanced IgE binding to Bet v 1 in two patients who also showed an increase of skin sensitivity to Bet v 1. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that it may be possible to develop serological tests which predict the induction of unfavourable IgG antibodies enhancing the binding of IgE to Bet v 1 during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Selb
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - J. Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - S. Vrtala
- Divison of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - R. Valenta
- Divison of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
| | - V. Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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