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Bechmann L, Bauer K, Zerban P, Esser T, Tersteegen A, Fuchs SA, Kaasch AJ, Wolleschak D, Schalk E, Fischer T, Mougiakakos D, Geginat G. Prevention of legionella infections from toilet flushing cisterns. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:37-43. [PMID: 38224856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk of severe legionella infections. We present the results of an outbreak investigation initiated following a fatal case of hospital-acquired legionellosis linked to contaminated water from a toilet-flushing cistern. Additionally, we provide experimental data on the growth of Legionella spp. in flushing cisterns and propose a straightforward protocol for prevention. METHODS We monitored the growth of Legionella spp. in the building's hot- and cold-water systems using quantitative bacterial culture on selective agar. Molecular typing of Legionella pneumophila isolates from the infected patient and the water system was conducted through core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST). RESULTS Legionella contamination in the hospital building's cold-water system was significantly higher than in the hot-water system and significantly higher in toilet flushing cistern's water compared with cold water from bathroom sinks and showers. Isolates from the patient and from the flushing cistern of the patient's bathroom were identical by cgMLST. In an experimental setting, daily toilet flushing for a period of 21 days resulted in a 67% reduction in the growth of Legionella spp. in the water of toilet flushing cisterns. Moreover, a one-time disinfection of cisterns with peracetic acid, followed by daily flushing, decreased legionella growth to less than 1% over a period of at least seven weeks in these setting. CONCLUSIONS One-time disinfection of highly contaminated cisterns with peracetic acid and daily toilet flushing as short-term measure can significantly reduce legionella contamination in flushing cisterns. These measures may aid in preventing legionella infection among immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bechmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Zerban
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Esser
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Tersteegen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S A Fuchs
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A J Kaasch
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Wolleschak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - E Schalk
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Fischer
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Mougiakakos
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Geginat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bauer K, Heinzelmann F, Büchler P, Mück B. [Robot-assisted extraperitoneal ventral hernia repair-Experience from the first 61 consecutive operations with eTEP and eTAR techniques]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2023; 94:147-154. [PMID: 36280627 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in many other fields of surgery, robotically assisted surgical procedures have been established in the treatment of ventral hernias in recent years. The use of the robot can combine the demands of a minimally invasive approach and retromuscular mesh placement. In addition to a transabdominal approach, these procedures can also be performed using an extraperitoneal approach. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that robotic total extraperitoneal management of abdominal wall hernias is safe and efficient. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of all robotically operated patients on ventral hernia using extraperitoneal eTEP technique from September 2019 to May 2022 was performed. RESULTS A total of 61 ventral hernias were operated on using the robotic eTEP technique during the study period. In 14 patients retro-rectal dissection was extended laterally by an extraperitoneal transversus abdominis release (eTAR) because of the hernia size or a lateral hernia localization. In all cases, an uncoated synthetic mesh was placed in the retromuscular position with complete closure of the hernia defects. The median hernia defect area was 30 cm² (4-308 cm²). The median mesh size was 540 cm² (300-1350 cm²). The median mesh defect ratio (MDR) was 17.78 (3.06-145). One intraoperative and three postoperative complications were encountered. Neither conversion nor reoperation were required. CONCLUSION The robotic extraperitoneal eTEP technique enables the required retromuscular mesh placement in a minimally invasive approach. With the possibility of a combination with a transversus abdominis release, even complex findings can be treated using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bauer
- Abteilung für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Kempten, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Robert-Weixler-Str. 50, 87439, Kempten, Deutschland
| | - F Heinzelmann
- Abteilung für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Kempten, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Robert-Weixler-Str. 50, 87439, Kempten, Deutschland
| | - P Büchler
- Abteilung für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Kempten, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Robert-Weixler-Str. 50, 87439, Kempten, Deutschland
| | - B Mück
- Abteilung für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Kempten, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Robert-Weixler-Str. 50, 87439, Kempten, Deutschland.
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Bengesser SA, Hohenberger H, Tropper B, Dalkner N, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Rieger A, Maget A, Hamm C, Queissner R, Pilz R, Bauer K, Lenger M, Mörkl S, Wagner-Skacel J, Kapfhammer HP, Meier-Allard N, Stracke A, Holasek SJ, Murphy L, Reininghaus EZ. Gene expression analysis of MAOA and the clock gene ARNTL in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:287-294. [PMID: 34468263 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1973816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms are associated with bipolar disorder (BD). This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating ARNTL and MAOA gene expression differences (1) between individuals with BD and controls, (2) between affective episodes, and (3) the relationship between ARNTL and MAOA expression. METHODS ARNTL and MAOA gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells were analysed from fasting blood samples (BD n = 81, controls n = 54) with quantitative real-time PCR operating on TaqMan® assays (normalised to 18S RNA expression). ANCOVAs corrected for age, sex, body mass index, and medication was used to evaluate expression differences and correlation analyses for the relation between ARNTL and MAOA expression. RESULTS ARNTL gene expression differed between affective episodes (F(2,78) = 3.198, p = 0.047, Partial Eta2= 0.083), but not between BD and controls (n.s.). ARNTL and MAOA expression correlated positively in BD (r = 0.704, p < 0.001) and in controls (r = 0.932, p < 0.001). MAOA expression differed neither between BD and controls nor between affective episodes (n.s.). DISCUSSION Clock gene expression changes were observed in different affective states of BD. More precisely, ARNTL gene expression was significantly higher in euthymia than in depression. ARNTL and MAOA gene expression correlated significantly in BD and in controls, which emphasises the strong concatenation between circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Hohenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Tropper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Rieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Wagner-Skacel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Stracke
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S J Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Murphy
- CAMH Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Sommerfeld M, Sgrott OL, Taborda MA, Koullapis P, Bauer K, Kassinos S. Analysis of flow field and turbulence predictions in a lung model applying RANS and implications for particle deposition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105959. [PMID: 34324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Airflow and aerosol deposition in the human airways are important aspects for applications such as pulmonary drug delivery and human exposure to aerosol pollutants. Numerical simulations are widely used nowadays to shed light in airflow features and particle deposition patterns inside the airways. For that purpose, the Euler/Lagrange approach is adopted for predicting flow field and particle deposition through point-particle tracking. Steady-state RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) computations of flow evolution in an extended lung model applying different turbulence models were conducted and compared to measurements as well as high resolution LES (large-eddy simulations) for several flow rates. In addition, various inlet boundary conditions were considered and their influence on the predicted flow field was analysed. The results showed that the mean velocity field was simulated reasonably well, however, turbulence intensity was completely under-predicted by two-equation turbulence models. Only a Reynolds-stress model (RSM) was able predicting a turbulence level comparable to the measurements and the high resolution LES. Remarkable reductions in wall deposition were observed when wall effects were accounted for in the drag and lift force expressions. Naturally, turbulence is an essential contribution to particle deposition and it is well known that two-equation turbulence models considerably over-predict deposition due to the spurious drift effect. A full correction of this error is only possible in connection with a Reynolds-stress turbulence model whereby the predicted deposition in dependence of particle diameter yielded better agreement to the LES predictions. Specifically, with the RSM larger deposition is predicted for smaller particles and lower deposition fraction for larger particles compared to LES. The local deposition fraction along the lung model was numerically predicted with the same trend as found from the measurements, however the values in the middle region of the lung model were found to be somewhat larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sommerfeld
- Multiphase Flow Systems (MPS), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Hoher Weg 7b, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - O L Sgrott
- Multiphase Flow Systems (MPS), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Hoher Weg 7b, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M A Taborda
- Multiphase Flow Systems (MPS), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Hoher Weg 7b, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - P Koullapis
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - K Bauer
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - S Kassinos
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Figliozzi S, Georgiopoulos G, Aquaro GD, Bauer K, Monti L, Filomena D, Pica S, Censi S, Lopez P, Quattrocchi G, Servato ML, Schwitter J, Andreini D, Bogaert J, Masci PG. Late gadolinium enhancement predicts adverse clinical outcome in patients with mitral valve prolapse/mitral annulus disjunction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
OnBehalf
Mitral vAlve prolapse and disjunction by cardiac maGnetIC resonance (MA-GIC) registry
Backgroung
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is 2-3% prevalent in the general population with good prognosis. However, some patients develop complex ventricular arrhythmias (CVAs), sudden cardiac death (SCD), or severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Previous studies suggested that bi-leaflet involvement, mitral annulus disjunction (MAD), and myocardial fibrosis (MF) are associated with adverse outcome. Notwithstanding, these findings were limited to autopsic series or single-centre studies involving highly selected patients. Moreover, MF has been scantly investigated as predictor of clinical outcome.
Purpose
To investigate the prognostic significance of MF in an international multicentre study of MVP patients studied by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).
Methods
From October 2007 to June 2020 patients undergoing LGE-CMR were screened in 14 European centres. Inclusion criteria were: i) age > 18 years; ii) full clinical history and cardiac rhythm monitoring at baseline; iii) MVP (leaflet displacement ≥ 2 mm beyond the annulus). Exclusion criteria were: i) ischemic heart disease; ii) primary cardiomyopathy; iii) inflammatory heart disease; iv) congenital heart diseases; v) moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease. CVAs at the study outset was defined as one of the following: i) ventricular ectopic beats >10000/24h; ii) ≥ 1 episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT); iii) sustained VT; iv) aborted SCD. Primary end-point was a composite of SCD, unexplained syncope, and mitral valve repair/replacement. Secondary end-point was a composite of SCD and unexplained syncope.
Results
Four-hundred-fifty-eight MVP patients were eventually included (46 ± 16 years old, 51% males) of whom 68% had MAD. LGE was detected in 103 (22%) of subjects with mid-wall pattern (46%) in left ventricular (LV) lateral wall (66%) as the most prevalent feature. At baseline, 37% of LGE-positive patients vs. 18% of LGE-negative individuals had CVAs (P < 0.001). SVT and/or aborted SCD were more prevalent in LGE-positive than in LGE-negative patients (9% vs 2%, P < 0.001). By multivariable Cox-regression analysis, LGE presence or extent were strong independent predictors of the primary (HR = 4.02, P = 0.003 and HR = 4.76 per 10% increase, P = 0.032, respectively) and secondary (HR = 5.39, P = 0.008 and HR = 8.78 per 10% increase, P = 0.012, respectively) endpoints after correction for major confounders including LV volumes, left atrial size and MAD presence.
Conlusion
Myocardial fibrosis by LGE is the strongest independent predictor of clinical outcome in MVP. In contrast, MAD per se does not harbinger worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Figliozzi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences; San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Georgiopoulos
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences - St Thomas" Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - GD Aquaro
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Bauer
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Cardiology, Muenster, Germany
| | - L Monti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - D Filomena
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - S Pica
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - S Censi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - P Lopez
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Cardiology Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Quattrocchi
- Niguarda Hospital, CardioThoraxVascular Department "De Gasperis", Milan, Italy
| | - ML Servato
- Universit Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vall Hebron Hospital Institut de Recerca (VIHR) y CIBER-CV, Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department at Vall Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Schwitter
- Lausanne University Hospital, Cardiac MRI Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - J Bogaert
- Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Imaging & Pathology Department, Leuven, Belgium
| | - PG Masci
- King"s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences - St Thomas" Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Valencia RG, Mihailovska E, Winter L, Bauer K, Fischer I, Walko G, Jorgacevski J, Potokar M, Zorec R, Wiche G. Plectin dysfunction in neurons leads to tau accumulation on microtubules affecting neuritogenesis, organelle trafficking, pain sensitivity and memory. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:73-95. [PMID: 32484610 PMCID: PMC7891324 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plectin, a universally expressed multi-functional cytolinker protein, is crucial for intermediate filament networking, including crosstalk with actomyosin and microtubules. In addition to its involvement in a number of diseases affecting skin, skeletal muscle, heart, and other stress-exposed tissues, indications for a neuropathological role of plectin have emerged. Having identified P1c as the major isoform expressed in neural tissues in previous studies, our aim for the present work was to investigate whether, and by which mechanism(s), the targeted deletion of this isoform affects neuritogenesis and proper nerve cell functioning. METHODS For ex vivo phenotyping, we used dorsal root ganglion and hippocampal neurons derived from isoform P1c-deficient and plectin-null mice, complemented by in vitro experiments using purified proteins and cell fractions. To assess the physiological significance of the phenotypic alterations observed in P1c-deficient neurons, P1c-deficient and wild-type littermate mice were subjected to standard behavioural tests. RESULTS We demonstrate that P1c affects axonal microtubule dynamics by isoform-specific interaction with tubulin. P1c deficiency in neurons leads to altered dynamics of microtubules and excessive association with tau protein, affecting neuritogenesis, neurite branching, growth cone morphology, and translocation and directionality of movement of vesicles and mitochondria. On the organismal level, we found P1c deficiency manifesting as impaired pain sensitivity, diminished learning capabilities and reduced long-term memory of mice. CONCLUSIONS Revealing a regulatory role of plectin scaffolds in microtubule-dependent nerve cell functions, our results have potential implications for cytoskeleton-related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Valencia
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of ImmunologyUniversity Children’s Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - E. Mihailovska
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
AFFiRiS AGViennaAustria
| | - L. Winter
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Neuromuscular Research DepartmentCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - K. Bauer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - I. Fischer
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Walko
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address:
Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - J. Jorgacevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - M. Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - R. Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology – Molecular Cell PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
- Celica Biomedical SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - G. Wiche
- Max F. Perutz LaboratoriesDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Dumitrescu C, Bauer K, Melicherchik Y, Von Hodenberg E, Sodian R, Bauer S. Short- and Intermediate-Term Outcomes of the Convergent Procedure in Nonresponders to Conventional Catheter Ablation. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schyma C, Bauer K, Müller R, Brünig J, Gotsmy W. The influence of muzzle gas on the temporary cavity. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1115-1122. [PMID: 32130474 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Shot range, the muzzle-target distance, is a crucial parameter for forensic reconstruction of deaths by firearms. In a large number of cases, especially suicides, the forensic pathologist is confronted with contact or near-contact shots, where muzzle gases play an additional role. This study was conducted to systematically investigate the influence of muzzle gases on the temporary cavity (TC). A total of 72 shots were fired using full metal-jacketed bullets in four forensically relevant calibres from 10-, 5-, 3-, 2- and 1-cm distance and in close contact. Target model was the so-called reference cube (10% gelatine at 4 °C) with 12-cm edge length. The TC was recorded using high-speed video (HSV). Cross-sectional analysis was performed by cutting the blocks to 1-cm slices, which were evaluated by applying the polygon method. The TC of shots from 10 and 5 cm distance had a tubular form. This aspect changed depending on the cartridge with decreasing distance (≤ 3 cm) into a pear-like form, which was typical for contact shots. The cumulated heights of the TC increased with decreasing distance below 3 cm. Contact shots approximately doubled the extension of the TC compared with exclusive energy transfer. Whereas HSV documented an increasingly asymmetric profile with ballooning at the entry side, cross-sectional analysis of cracks in gelatine resulted in convex graphs with only slight asymmetry for contact shots. Additional damage in gelatine was detected for 3-cm distance or less in calibre .357 Magnum and ≤ 2 cm for .32 auto, .38 special and 9mm Luger. The increasing influence of muzzle gas pressure is detectable with decreasing shot range below 3 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schyma
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - K Bauer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Müller
- Criminal Investigation Service of the Cantonal Police Department of Bern, Nordring 30, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Brünig
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - W Gotsmy
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Neuropsychiatry, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Janke T, Koullapis P, Kassinos SC, Bauer K. PIV measurements of the SimInhale benchmark case. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:183-189. [PMID: 30940542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements with the aim of providing experimental data for the SimInhale benchmark case are presented within this work. We, therefore, present a refractive index matched, transparent model of the benchmark geometry, in which the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy fields are examined at flow rates comparable to 15, 30 and 60 L/min (Re ≈ 1000-4500) in air. Furthermore, these results are compared with Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The results reveal a Reynolds number independence of the qualitative velocity field in the range covered within this work. Good agreement is found between the PIV and LES data, with a slight over-prediction of turbulent kinetic energies by the simulations. The obtained experimental data will be part of a common, publicly accessible ERCOFTAC database along with additional results published recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Janke
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - P Koullapis
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S C Kassinos
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - K Bauer
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
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10
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Schyma C, Infanger C, Müller R, Bauer K, Brünig J. The deceleration of bullets in gelatine - A study based on high-speed video analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 296:85-90. [PMID: 30710813 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The velocity of a projectile is of crucial importance to calculate its kinetic energy. The study was performed to investigate if a measurement of the velocity profile of a bullet in gelatine was feasible using high-speed video. More than 50 records captured with a SA-X2 Photron camera at 40,000 fps (40k) and 10 μs exposure time were analysed frame by frame. A measurement accuracy of one pixel could be realised. Records of free flying bullets with known velocity served as a control. In further experimental shots from distance the "12 cm reference cube" was used as target model. 18 full metal jacketed bullets and 20 deforming bullets in forensically relevant calibres were fired. In addition 11 expanding bullets were studied with a close-up setting of the camera and 81,000 fps (81k) at 2.5 μs exposure time. A quasi-constant deceleration of the FMJ bullets in gelatine with a relative loss of velocity of 8.4% (.32 auto) and 13.2% (9 mm Luger) was observed. Expanding bullets showed a much higher deceleration and a relative loss of about 56% for the copper hollow point bullet and 73% for the .32 auto Gold Dot. The targeted analysis of the .32 auto Gold Dot based on 81k videos revealed an abrupt drop of the bullet velocity within the first 75 μs, the time needed for full expansion. The deformation of the Action-4 (9 mm Luger) was completely achieved within the first 2 cm of gelatine. After the deformation of the bullet the final deceleration was approximately constant. This could be demonstrated successfully by separating the deformation process experimentally from the final deceleration of the deformed bullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schyma
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - C Infanger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Müller
- Criminal Investigation Service of the Cantonal Police Department of Bern, Nordring 30, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Bauer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Brünig
- Institute of Forensic Medicine of the University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E, Bauer K, Park Y, Eckstrand C, Liepnieks M, Pedersen NC. The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:226-233. [PMID: 29778200 PMCID: PMC7117434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GS-441524 inhibited replication of serotype II FIP virus (FIPV) in CRFK cell cultures at an EC50 of approximately 1 uM and no toxicity at 100 uM. GS-441524 inhibited wildtype FIPV replication in macrophage cultures from ascitic fluid of two cats with naturally occurring FIP. GS-441525 is triphosphorylated by CRFK cells in vitro and PBMC in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies in laboratory cats demonstrated effective blood levels over 24 h after a single dose of 5 mg/kg SC or IV. Severe experimental effusive FIP was successfully treated with 2 or 5 mg/kg GS-441524 SC q24 h for two weeks.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats. Recent studies of diseases caused by several RNA viruses in people and other species indicate that antiviral therapy may be effective against FIP in cats. The small molecule nucleoside analog GS-441524 is a molecular precursor to a pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate molecule. These analogs act as an alternative substrate and RNA-chain terminator of viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. We determined that GS-441524 was non-toxic in feline cells at concentrations as high as 100 uM and effectively inhibited FIPV replication in cultured CRFK cells and in naturally infected feline peritoneal macrophages at concentrations as low as 1 uM. We determined the pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 in cats in vivo and established a dosage that would sustain effective blood levels for 24 h. In an experimental FIPV infection of cats, GS-441524 treatment caused a rapid reversal of disease signs and return to normality with as little as two weeks of treatment in 10/10 cats and with no apparent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Perron
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - K Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Y Park
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - C Eckstrand
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Liepnieks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N C Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA.
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12
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Nadeau É, Fairbrother J, Zentek J, Bélanger L, Tremblay D, Tremblay CL, Röhe I, Vahjen W, Brunelle M, Hellmann K, Cvejić D, Brunner B, Schneider C, Bauer K, Wolf R, Hidalgo Á. Efficacy of a single oral dose of a live bivalent E. coli vaccine against post-weaning diarrhea due to F4 and F18-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli. Vet J 2017; 226:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Schyma C, Bauer K, Brünig J, Courts C, Madea B. Staining in firearm barrels after experimental contact shots. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 273:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Valent P, Sotlar K, Blatt K, Hartmann K, Reiter A, Sadovnik I, Sperr WR, Bettelheim P, Akin C, Bauer K, George TI, Hadzijusufovic E, Wolf D, Gotlib J, Mahon FX, Metcalfe DD, Horny HP, Arock M. Proposed diagnostic criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias and related disorders. Leukemia 2017; 31:788-797. [PMID: 28090091 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Basophils form a distinct cell lineage within the hematopoietic cell family. In various myeloid neoplasms, including chronic myeloid leukemia, basophilia is frequently seen. Acute and chronic basophilic leukemias, albeit rare, have also been described. However, no generally accepted criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias have been presented to date. To address this unmet need, a series of Working Conferences and other meetings were organized between March 2015 and March 2016. The current article provides a summary of consensus statements from these meetings, together with proposed criteria to delineate acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) from chronic basophilic leukemia (CBL) and primary forms of the disease where no preceding myeloid malignancy is detected, from the more common 'secondary' variants. Moreover, the term hyperbasophilia (HB) is proposed for cases with a persistent peripheral basophil count ⩾1000 per μl of blood. This condition, HB, is highly indicative of the presence of an underlying myeloid neoplasm. Therefore, HB is an important checkpoint in the diagnostic algorithm and requires a detailed hematologic investigation. In these patients, an underlying myeloid malignancy is often found and is then labeled with the appendix -baso, whereas primary cases of ABL or CBL are very rare. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should facilitate the diagnosis and management of patients with unexplained basophilia and basophil neoplasms in routine practice, and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - K Blatt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - A Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - I Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Bettelheim
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - C Akin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T I George
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F-X Mahon
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - D D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H-P Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Arock
- LBPA CNRS UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
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Bauer K, Hadzijusufovic E, Cerny-Reiterer S, Hoermann G, Reifinger M, Pirker A, Valent P, Willmann M. IL-4 downregulates expression of the target receptor CD30 in neoplastic canine mast cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1240-1256. [PMID: 27507155 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD30 is a novel therapeutic target in human mast cell (MC) neoplasms. In this 'comparative oncology' study, we examined CD30 expression and regulation in neoplastic canine MC using a panel of immunomodulatory cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and stem cell factor (SCF)] and the canine mastocytoma cell lines NI-1 and C2. Of all cytokines tested IL-4 was found to downregulate expression of CD30 in NI-1 and C2 cells. We also found that the CD30-targeting antibody-conjugate brentuximab vedotin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in both MC lines. Next, we asked whether IL-4-induced downregulation of CD30 interferes with brentuximab vedotin-effects. Indeed, pre-incubation of NI-1 cells with IL-4 decreased responsiveness towards brentuximab vedotin. To overcome IL-4-mediated resistance, we applied drug combinations and found that brentuximab vedotin synergizes with the Kit-targeting drugs masitinib and PKC412 in inhibiting growth of NI-1 and C2 cells. In summary, CD30 is a new marker and IL-4-regulated target in neoplastic canine MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Hoermann
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Reifinger
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pirker
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Willmann
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Schyma C, Bauer K, Brünig J, Schwendener N, Müller R. Visualization of the powder pocket and its influence on staining in firearm barrels in experimental contact shots. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:167-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Hegazy Y, Bauer S, Hassanein W, Rayan A, Dalladaku F, Bauer K, Ennker J, Sodian R. The Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries for Coronary Revascularization in Patients with COPD: Is it a Good Idea? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Hegazy Y, Keshk N, Bauer S, Hassanein W, Kojqiqi F, Bauer K, Sodian R, Ennker J. Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in Obese Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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20
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Edwards BJ, Laumann AE, Nardone B, Miller FH, Restaino J, Raisch DW, McKoy JM, Hammel JA, Bhatt K, Bauer K, Samaras AT, Fisher MJ, Bull C, Saddleton E, Belknap SM, Thomsen HS, Kanal E, Cowper SE, Abu Alfa AK, West DP. Advancing pharmacovigilance through academic-legal collaboration: the case of gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis-a Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) report. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140307. [PMID: 25230161 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast three databases, that is, The International Centre for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Registry (ICNSFR), the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and a legal data set, through pharmacovigilance and to evaluate international nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) safety efforts. METHODS The Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports methodology was used for assessment-the FAERS (through June 2009), ICNSFR and the legal data set (January 2002 to December 2010). Safety information was obtained from the European Medicines Agency, the Danish Medicine Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS The FAERS encompassed the largest number (n = 1395) of NSF reports. The ICNSFR contained the most complete (n = 335, 100%) histopathological data. A total of 382 individual biopsy-proven, product-specific NSF cases were analysed from the legal data set. 76.2% (291/382) identified exposure to gadodiamide, of which 67.7% (197/291) were unconfounded. Additionally, 40.1% (153/382) of cases involved gadopentetate dimeglumine, of which 48.4% (74/153) were unconfounded, while gadoversetamide was identified in 7.3% (28/382) of which 28.6% (8/28) were unconfounded. Some cases involved gadobenate dimeglumine or gadoteridol, 5.8% (22/382), all of which were confounded. The mean number of exposures to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) was gadodiamide (3), gadopentetate dimeglumine (5) and gadoversetamide (2). Of the 279 unconfounded cases, all involved a linear-structured GBCA. 205 (73.5%) were a non-ionic GBCA while 74 (26.5%) were an ionic GBCA. CONCLUSION Clinical and legal databases exhibit unique characteristics that prove complementary in safety evaluations. Use of the legal data set allowed the identification of the most commonly implicated GBCA. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This article is the first to demonstrate explicitly the utility of a legal data set to pharmacovigilance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Edwards
- 1 Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Cowles RS, Miller JR, Hollingworth RM, Abdel-Aal MT, Szurdoki F, Bauer K, Matolcsy G. Cinnamyl derivatives and monoterpenoids as nonspecific ovipositional deterrents of the onion fly. J Chem Ecol 2013; 16:2401-28. [PMID: 24264207 DOI: 10.1007/bf01017465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/1990] [Accepted: 02/22/1990] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory dose-response choice tests and discriminate-dosage bioassays revealed wide variation in the effectiveness of cinnamyl, cinnamoyl, monoterpene, and phenethyl alcohol derivatives as ovipositional deterrents toDelia antiqua (Meigen), the onion fly. (E)-Cinnamic acids were not detectably deterrent. When formulated in particles of polyethylene glycol, (E)-cinnamaldehyde had a BR90 (concentration eliciting 90% deterrency) of 1.0% and (E)-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde had a BR90 of 0.38%. Among nine monoterpenoids tested,p-cymene was inactive, citronellal had a BR90 of 3.7%, and terpinene-4-ol had a BR90 of 0.46%. Para-substituted phenethyl alcohols gave increasing deterrence in the order: -NO2, CH3O-, -Cl, -CH3, -H. Wide varieties of structures were deterrent: C-8 to C-13, intermediate in polarity, and possessing either oxygen-containing or nitrile functional groups. The air concentration of (E)-cinnamaldehyde at its BR90 was 1.7 ng/ml. This relatively high concentration, the diversity in deterrent structures, and the lack of differences in deterrency among positional and optical isomers suggest that ovipositional deterrency in onion flies is mediated by receptors broadly tuned for detecting phenylpropenoid, phenolic, monoterpenoid, and perhaps other classes of allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Cowles
- Department of Entomology and Pesticide Research Center, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, Michigan
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22
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Fladung AK, Schulze UME, Schöll F, Bauer K, Grön G. Role of the ventral striatum in developing anorexia nervosa. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e315. [PMID: 24150224 PMCID: PMC3818005 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging data in adult patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) support a dysfunctional signal in the ventral striatum as neural signature of AN. In the present study, development of this signal was investigated with the prediction that a characteristic pattern of ventral-striatal signalling will be shown in response to cues associated with food restriction that reflects the evolvement of starvation dependence over time. The signal was assessed in adolescent patients with AN, whose duration of illness was about five times shorter relative to the adult sample. During functional magnetic resonance imaging subjects were required to estimate weights of body images (underweight, normal weight, overweight) and to process each stimulus in a self-referring way. Relative to age-matched, young healthy controls, underweight stimuli were already associated with greater activity of the ventral striatum, and processing of normal-weight stimuli elicited already reduced signalling. Subjective preferences showed exactly the same pattern of results. Relative to adult AN, the present data reveal a developing dysfunctional signal that, if untreated, will essentially contribute to the maintenance of AN. We discuss putative mechanisms that may play a crucial role in the development of AN, and also deduce new hypotheses about the involvement of the midbrain dopamine system, of which illness-related alterations may contribute to the development of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-K Fladung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - U M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Schöll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - G Grön
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Laitinen O, Bauer K, Niinimäki J, Peuker U. Validity of the Rumpf and the Rabinovich adhesion force models for alumina substrates with nanoscale roughness. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Clinical economics strives to support healthcare decisions by economic considerations. Making economic decisions does not mean saving costs but rather comparing the gained added value with the burden which has to be accepted. The necessary rules are offered in various disciplines, such as economy, epidemiology and ethics. Medical doctors have recognized these rules but are not applying them in daily clinical practice. This lacking orientation leads to preventable errors. Examples of these errors are shown for diagnosis, screening, prognosis and therapy. As these errors can be prevented by application of clinical economic principles the possible consequences for optimization of healthcare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Porzsolt
- Klinische Ökonomik am Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Ulm, Frauensteige 6, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.
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Bauer K, Eloo C, Peuker U. NanoFix - Nanopartikelhaltige Wachse als Additiv zur einfachen Herstellung von Kompositen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rancea M, Skoetz N, Monsef I, Hubel K, Engert A, Bauer K. Fourteenth Biannual Report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group--Focus on Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Hematological Malignancies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:NP. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Baglin T, Bauer K, Douketis J, Buller H, Srivastava A, Johnson G. Duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of an unprovoked pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:698-702. [PMID: 22332937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Baglin
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Diaz Vazquez DM, Läßle C, Rosendahl U, Bauer S, Bauer K, Dalladaku F, Ennker I, Ennker J. Mitral valve repair: Is a flexible, closed implant superior to a semirigid open implant regarding to overall survival and quality of life? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Himmerich H, Schmidt L, Schönherr J, Bauer K, Sack U, Niescher B, Thiery J, Becker S, Ceglarek U. P-1086 - Impact of antipsychotics on thromboxane production in-vitro. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Diaz Vazquez DM, Rosendahl U, Bauer S, Dalladaku F, Bauer K, Ennker IC, Ennker J. Short and long-term results of mitral valve repair in octogenarians. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hegazy YY, Albert A, Malkoc A, Kojcici B, Bauer K, Rosendahl U, Bauer S, Ennker IC, Ennker J. The use of bilateral internal mammary arteries in the revascularization of high risk patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rudolph M, Bauer K, Peuker U. Phasenkontrast-Rasterkraftmikroskopie für die Charakterisierung der Verteilung von Nanopartikeln in Verbundwerkstoffen. Phase-contrast Atomic Force Microscopy for the Characterization of the Distribution of Nanoparticles in Composite Materials. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Feuerstein A, Niedermeier M, Bauer K, Engelmann S, Hoth S, Stadler R, Sauer N. Expression of the AtSUC1 gene in the female gametophyte, and ecotype-specific expression differences in male reproductive organs. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2010; 12 Suppl 1:105-114. [PMID: 20712626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on analyses in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype C24, the AtSUC1 protein was previously characterised as a male gametophyte-specific H(+)/sucrose symporter. Later, expression analyses in ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) identified AtSUC1 expression also in trichomes (not detected in trichome-less C24 plants) and roots, suggesting ecotype-specific differences in AtSUC1 expression. Here, we present data on additional ecotype-specific differences in AtSUC1 expression in other tissues. Using different AtSUC1 promoter-reporter gene lines, we performed comparative analyses of AtSUC1 expression in floral tissues of C24 and Col-0 plants, and using an AtSUC1-specific antiserum, we performed immunohistochemical analyses on tissue sections from C24, Col-0, Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Wassilewskaija (Ws) ecotypes. We show that AtSUC1 expression occurs in the funicular epidermis of C24, Ler and Ws, but not in Col-0. In contrast, we observed high levels of AtSUC1 protein in pollen grains of Col-0, lower levels in pollen of C24 and Ler, and no AtSUC1 protein in Ws pollen. Moreover, our reporter gene analyses identified a previously undetected expression of AtSUC1 in the female gametophyte, and revealed that AtSUC1 expression in the funicular epidermis is absent from unpollinated siliques and is induced upon successful pollination. The impact of these findings on the potential physiological role of AtSUC1 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feuerstein
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Bauer K, Charl C, Strack M. Einbindung nachwachsender Rohstoffe in einen bestehenden Stoffverbund. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Caggiano V, Parise C, Bauer K. The influence of ER on small HER2-positive invasive breast cancers. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Göktas O, Fleiner F, Spies C, Krieg H, Bauer K, Sedlmaier B. [Process optimization in ENT: clinical pathways and central induction area]. HNO 2010; 58:142-50. [PMID: 20111916 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-009-2031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to the rising costs in the health care system, it is now important to optimize processes through standardization and process consolidation. A lack of process consolidation in this area of operation or overly long durations of stay of patients in the hospital can lead to increased costs for the ENT department. The aim of this study was to examine whether process optimization could be achieved through close interdisciplinary networking with clinical pathways and central induction (CI). MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY In the 1-year periods before and after the implementation of CI, turnover times in the ENT department were retrospectively examined and 2,433 patients from the entire operative ENT spectrum were included. The average durations of stay before and after the implementation of the "septoplasty" pathway were additionally evaluated. RESULTS ENT turnover times were significantly reduced after the introduction of CI. In comparison to the conventional anaesthesia process, the turnover times using CI were on average 10 min shorter. Furthermore, since the introduction of pathways, the duration of stay for ENT patients could be significantly reduced while simultaneously maintaining the quality of care. This process was statistically evaluated using septoplasty in nasal surgery as a typical example and the duration of stay was reduced from 5.85 days to 4.32 (a reduction of 26%) or 3.55 days (a reduction of 34%). CONCLUSIONS The combination of CI and pathways is a suitable means to increase the clinical and economic effectiveness even when the new case-based flat-rate system is taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Göktas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Wittmann G, Bauer K, Mussgay M. Versuche zur Schutzimpfung von Rindern mit einer Äthyläthylenimin (EEI)/Diäthylaminoäthyl-Dextran (DEAE-D)-Vakzine gegen Maul- und Klauenseuche vom Virussubtyp 01. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1970.tb01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wittmann G, Bauer K, Mussgay M. Versuche zur Schutzimpfung von Schweinen mit monovalenten Äthyläthylenimin (EEI)/Diäthylaminoäthyl-Dextran (DEAE-D)- Vakzinen gegen Maul- und Klauenseuche vom Virustyp A und C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1970.tb01549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sawatzki T, Bauer K, Stufler M, Spies C, Schuster M. [Splitting of supplemental revenues in intensive care medicine]. Anaesthesist 2010; 58:1035-40. [PMID: 19756333 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-009-1617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In patient care several clinical departments are often involved in the treatment of a single case. Due to this shared work and internal patient transfer between departments the respective departments have to share the single reimbursement sum which is granted for each hospital case in the German DRG system. The intensive care unit in particular, at least if maintained as an independent department, has a high rate of internal transfers and most of the patients will be transferred back to the original department prior to discharge from hospital. Different models have been suggested regarding the splitting of DRG reimbursement between clinical departments, however, no research has been done on the splitting of supplemental revenues. The allocation of supplemental revenues is especially complex for revenues generated over many days of hospital care or for clustered revenues. In most cases the supplemental revenues are simply allocated to the department from which the patient is ultimately discharged. This would lead to a significant economic risk for the intensive care unit, as a considerable proportion of medical services which are eligible for triggering supplemental revenues are applied there. In this study all cases treated in two intensive care units in a university hospital in 2007 were analyzed in which supplemental revenue-related medical services were performed over a longer period of time or graduated according to different amounts. In a total of 385 cases, 691 supplemental revenues were analyzed. Three different methods of supplemental revenues allocation were analyzed regarding the financial impact on the intensive care unit: allocation to the department from which the patient is discharged, allocation according to the length of stay in a particular department (in this case the intensive care unit) and allocation based on actually documented medical services eligible for supplemental revenues. The supplemental revenues take up a considerable share of the total reimbursement for intensive care. Based on the first 2 allocation methods the intensive care unit would receive 20% less supplemental revenues compared to the third allocation method, which supposedly reflects best the actual costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sawatzki
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin
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Abstract
The convective transport of fluid within the human upper airways is investigated in a transparent model of the tracheobronchial tree. Oscillatory flow through the branching network with six generations was studied at varying Reynolds numbers between 400 and 2600 and Womersley numbers from 5.5 to 12.3 in the trachea representing clinical conditions during high frequency oscillatory ventilation. The flow partitioning within the model was visualized using advection of neutrally buoyant tracer particles, which were illuminated by short light pulses and recorded by a high speed camera. Integration of the particle locations for a large number of cycles provides the probability distribution of particles passing certain branches within the bifurcating network, and thus, the dispersion of particles in the airways. The results show the different characteristics of flow partitioning at varying Womersley and Reynolds numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bauer
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lampadiusstrasse 4, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - H. Chaves
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lampadiusstrasse 4, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Ch. Brücker
- Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lampadiusstrasse 4, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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Bauer S, Bauer K, Rosendahl U, Ennker J. Central aortic canulation in acute type A dissection and the use of selective antegrade perfusion provides superior neurological outcome. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1247019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fusch C, Bauer K, Böhles HJ, Jochum F, Koletzko B, Krawinkel M, Krohn K, Mühlebach S. Neonatology/Paediatrics - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 13. Ger Med Sci 2009; 7:Doc15. [PMID: 20049070 PMCID: PMC2795370 DOI: 10.3205/000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are special challenges in implementing parenteral nutrition (PN) in paediatric patients, which arises from the wide range of patients, ranging from extremely premature infants up to teenagers weighing up to and over 100 kg, and their varying substrate requirements. Age and maturity-related changes of the metabolism and fluid and nutrient requirements must be taken into consideration along with the clinical situation during which PN is applied. The indication, the procedure as well as the intake of fluid and substrates are very different to that known in PN-practice in adult patients, e.g. the fluid, nutrient and energy needs of premature infants and newborns per kg body weight are markedly higher than of older paediatric and adult patients. Premature infants <35 weeks of pregnancy and most sick term infants usually require full or partial PN. In neonates the actual amount of PN administered must be calculated (not estimated). Enteral nutrition should be gradually introduced and should replace PN as quickly as possible in order to minimise any side-effects from exposure to PN. Inadequate substrate intake in early infancy can cause long-term detrimental effects in terms of metabolic programming of the risk of illness in later life. If energy and nutrient demands in children and adolescents cannot be met through enteral nutrition, partial or total PN should be considered within 7 days or less depending on the nutritional state and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fusch
- Dept. of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Buxmann H, Bauer K, Fischer D, Posselt H, Beyer P, Rhodius U, Schmidt H, Schlösser R. Ileus beim Neugeborenen einer Mutter mit Gestationsdiabetes. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-008-1807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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