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Merzbach S, Hoffman A, Lazarovici P, Gilon C, Amer R. Development of Clarstatin, a Novel Drug Lead for the Therapy of Autoimmune Uveitis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:723. [PMID: 38931845 PMCID: PMC11206685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe the design, synthesis, and activity of a potent thiourea-bridged backbone cyclic peptidomimetic known as Clarstatin, comprising a 5-amino acid sequence (Q/D)1-(R/K)2-X3-X4-A5-(Gln/Asp)1-(Arg/Lys)2-AA3-AA4-Ala5-based on a motif called "shared epitope (SE)", specifically present in specific alleles of the HLA-DRB1 gene. This SE binds to a particular site within the proline reach domain (P-domain) of the cell surface-calreticulin (CS-CRT). CS-CRT is a multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium-binding protein that is located on the cell surface of T cells and triggers innate immune signaling, leading to the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The development of Clarstatin was based on the parent peptide W-G-D1-K2-S3-G4-A5- derived from the active region of the SE. Following the design based on the cycloscan method, the synthesis of Clarstatin was performed by the Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method, purified by HPLC to 96% homogeneity, and its structure was confirmed by LC-MS. Clarstatin reduced calcium levels in Jurkat lymphocyte cultures, ameliorated uveitis in vivo in the experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice model, and was safe upon acute toxicity evaluation. These findings identify Clarstatin as a promising lead compound for future drug development as a novel class of therapeutic agents in the therapy of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Merzbach
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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Shirahama S, Okunuki Y, Lee MY, Karg MM, Refaian N, Krasniqi D, Connor KM, Gregory-Ksander MS, Ksander BR. Retinal microglia exacerbate uveitis by functioning as local antigen-presenting cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.23.586440. [PMID: 38585800 PMCID: PMC10996501 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.23.586440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a major cause of blindness in the working-age population of developed countries. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) depends on activation of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) specific CD4 + effector T cells that migrate systemically and infiltrate into the retina. Following systemic induction of retinal antigen-specific T cells, the development of EAU can be broken down into three phases: early phase when inflammatory cells begin to infiltrate the retina, amplification phase, and peak phase. Although studied extensively, the function of local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the retina remains unclear. Two potential types of APCs are present during uveitis, resident microglia and infiltrating CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs). MHC class II (MHC II) is expressed within the retina on both CD11c + DCs and microglia during the amplification phase of EAU. Therefore, we used microglia specific (P2RY12 and TMEM119) and CD11c + DC specific MHC II knockout mice to study the function of APCs within the retina using the conventional and adoptive transfer methods of inducing EAU. Microglia were essential during all phases of EAU development: the early phase when microglia were MHC Il negative, and amplification and peak phases when microglia were MHC II positive. Unexpectedly, retinal infiltrating MHC Il + CD11c + DCs were present within the retina but their antigen-presenting function was not required for all phases of uveitis. Our data indicate microglia are the critical APCs within the retina and an important therapeutic target that can prevent and/or diminish uveitis even in the presence of circulating IRBP-specific CD4 + effector T cells.
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Suzuki K, Iwata D, Namba K, Hase K, Hiraoka M, Murata M, Kitaichi N, Foxton R, Ishida S. Involvement of Angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in uveitis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294745. [PMID: 38015876 PMCID: PMC10683998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiopoietin (Ang) 2 is released from vascular endothelial cells by the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A. Ang2 increases the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells via nuclear factor κB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ang2 and VEGFA on ocular autoimmune inflammation. METHODS We measured the concentrations of Ang2 and VEGFA in vitreous samples among patients with uveitis. Vitreous samples were collected from 16 patients with idiopathic uveitis (uveitis group) and 16 patients with non-inflammatory eye disease (control group). Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in B10.BR mice with a human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-derived peptide. The retinochoroidal tissues of the EAU mice were removed, and the mRNA levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were examined. EAU mice treated with anti-Ang2, anti-VEGFA, a combination of anti-Ang2 and anti-VEGFA, anti-Ang2/VEGFA bispecific, or IgG control antibodies were clinically and histopathologically evaluated. RESULTS The protein levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were significantly higher in the vitreous samples of patients with uveitis than in controls (P<0.05). The retinochoroidal mRNA levels of Ang2 and VEGFA were significantly upregulated in EAU mice compared to controls (n = 6, P<0.05). Although there was no significant difference, treatment with anti-VEGFA antibody reduced the clinical and histopathological scores. However, treatment with anti-Ang2 antibody reduced the clinical and histopathological scores (n = 18-20, P<0.05). Furthermore, these scores were further decreased when treated by inhibiting both Ang2 and VEGFA. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, VEGFA and Ang2 were shown to be upregulated locally in the eye of both uveitis patients and models of uveitis. Dual inhibition of Ang2 and VEGFA is suggested to be a new therapeutic strategy for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Suzuki
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiju Iwata
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hase
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miki Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Murata
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Richard Foxton
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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4
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Wei Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Sun D, Li X, Wei R, Nian H. Mettl3 induced miR-338-3p expression in dendritic cells promotes antigen-specific Th17 cell response via regulation of Dusp16. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23277. [PMID: 37878342 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300893r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic Th17 cells are critical drivers of multiple autoimmune diseases, including uveitis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). However, how innate immune signals modulate pathogenic Th17 responses remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-338-3p endowed dendritic cells (DCs) with an increased ability to activate interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)1-20 -specific Th17 cells by promoting the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23. In vivo administration of LV-miR-338-infected DCs promoted pathogenic Th17 responses and exacerbated EAU development. Mechanistically, dual-specificity phosphatase 16 (Dusp16) was a molecular target of miR-338-3p. miR-338-3p repressed Dusp16 and therefore strengthened the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 signaling, resulting in increased production of Th17-polarizing cytokines and subsequent pathogenic Th17 responses. In addition, methyltransferase like 3 (Mettl3), a key m6A methyltransferase, mediated the upregulation of miR-338-3p in activated DCs. Together, our findings identify a vital role for Mettl3/miR-338-3p/Dusp16/p38 signaling in DCs-driven pathogenic Th17 responses and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for uveitis and other Th17 cell-related autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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5
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Feng M, Wang X, Zhou S, Li M, Liu T, Wei X, Lin W. CD83 + B cells alleviate uveitis through inhibiting DCs by sCD83. Immunology 2023; 170:134-153. [PMID: 37137669 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD83 (sCD83) exerts immunosuppressive functions in many autoimmune diseases, including experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), but the cells and mechanisms involved are unclear. This study showed that CD83+ B cells were the main sources of sCD83. They alleviated the symptoms of EAU and decreased the percentage of T cells and DCs in the eyes and lymph nodes. These CD83+ B cells decreased IL-1β, IL-18 and IFN-γ secretion by DCs through sCD83. sCD83 interacted with GTPase Ras-related protein (Rab1a) in DCs to promote Rab1a accumulation in autolysosomes and inhibit mTORC1 phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression. Hence, CD83+ B cells play a regulatory role in EAU by secreting sCD83. The lack of regulation of CD83+ B cells might be an important factor leading to hyperimmune activation in patients with autoimmune uveitis. CD83+ B cells suppress activated DCs in uveitis, indicating the potential therapeutic role of CD83+ B cells in uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Shandong Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Pepple KL, John S, Wilson L, Wang V, Van Gelder RN. Systemic prime exacerbates the ocular immune response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109198. [PMID: 35921962 PMCID: PMC10240933 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-infectious uveitis describes the condition of chronic immune mediated ocular inflammation associated with pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb associated post-infectious uveitis can be modeled in mice by intravitreal injection of heat-killed Mtb (HKMtb). To better understand how prior systemic exposure to the pathogen alters the local immune response to Mtb, we used flow cytometry and multiplex ELISAs to compare ocular responses to intravitreal HKMtb in the presence or absence of a systemic "prime" of HKMtb. Priming resulted in exacerbation of local inflammation with significantly increased clinical and histologic inflammation scores and increased vitreous cytokines concentrations one day after intravitreal injection of HKMtb. Seven days after injection, uveitis in unprimed animals had largely resolved. In contrast in primed animals, clinical signs of chronic inflammation were associated with a significant increase in the number of ocular T cells, NK cells, and Ly6Chi macrophages and increasing vitreous concentrations of IL-17, VEGF, MIG(CXCL9), IP-10(CXCL10), IL-12p40 and MIP-1α(CCL3). In mice lacking mature T and B cells (RAG2 deficient), the impact of priming on the ocular immune response was ameliorated with significantly lower vitreous cytokine concentrations and spontaneous resolution of uveitis. Altogether these results suggest that the ocular response to Mtb is exacerbated by prior systemic Mtb infection and chronic post-infectious uveitis is mediated by local production of cytokines and chemokines that amplify Th17 and Th1 responses. This mouse model of chronic Mtb associated uveitis will help elucidate mechanisms of disease in patients with post-infectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pepple
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA; University of Washington, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Sarah John
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Victoria Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA; University of Washington, Department of Biological Structure, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; University of Washington, Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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7
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Sun D, Shao H, Kaplan HJ. TLR ligand ligation switches adenosine receptor usage of BMDCs leading to augmented Th17 responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:73-84. [PMID: 36569633 PMCID: PMC9768583 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular level of adenosine increases greatly during inflammation, which modulates immune responses. We have previously reported that adenosine enhances Th17 responses while it suppresses Th1 responses. This study examined whether response of DC to adenosine contributes to the biased effect of adenosine and determined whether adenosine and TLR ligands have counteractive or synergistic effects on DC function. Our results show that adenosine is actively involved in both in vitro and in vivo activation of pathogenic T cells by DCs; however, under adenosine effect DCs' capability of promoting Th1 versus Th17 responses are dissociated. Moreover, activation of A2ARs on DCs inhibits Th1 responses whereas activation of A2BRs on DC enhances Th17 responses. An intriguing observation was that TLR engagement switches the adenosine receptor from A2ARs to A2BRs usage of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and adenosine binding to BMDCs via A2BR converts adenosine's anti-to proinflammatory effect. The dual effects of adenosine and TLR ligand on BMDCs synergistically enhances the Th17 responses whereas the dual effect on Th1 responses is antagonistic. The results imply that Th17 responses will gain dominance when inflammatory environment accumulates both TLR ligands and adenosine and the underlying mechanisms include that TLR ligand exposure has a unique effect switching adenosine receptor usage of DCs from A2ARs to A2BRs, via which Th17 responses are promoted. Our observation should improve our understanding on the balance of Th1 and Th17 responses in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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8
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Sun D, Chan N, Shao H, Born WK, Kaplan HJ. γδ T Cells Activated in Different Inflammatory Environments Are Functionally Distinct. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1224-1231. [PMID: 35101894 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are important immunoregulatory cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), and the activation status of γδ T cells determines their disease-enhancing or inhibitory effects. Because γδ T cells can be activated via various pathways, we questioned whether the nature of their activation might impact their function. In this study, we show that γδ T cells activated under different inflammatory conditions differ greatly in their functions. Whereas anti-CD3 treatment activated both IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ γδ T cells, cytokines preferentially activated IL-17+ γδ T cells. γδ T cells continued to express high levels of surface CD73 after exposure to inflammatory cytokines, but they downregulated surface CD73 after exposure to dendritic cells. Although both CD73high and CD73low cells have a disease-enhancing effect, the CD73low γδ T cells are less inhibitory. We also show that polarized activation not only applies to αβ T cells and myeloid cells, but also to γδ T cells. After activation under Th17-polarizing conditions, γδ T cells predominantly expressed IL-17 (gdT17), but after activation under Th1 polarizing conditions (gdT1) they mainly expressed IFN-γ. The pro-Th17 activity of γδ T cells was associated with gdT17, but not gdT1. Our results demonstrate that the functional activity of γδ T cells is strikingly modulated by their activation level, as well as the pathway through which they were activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Nymph Chan
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Willi K Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, CO; and
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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9
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Lo SM, Hwang YS, Liu CL, Shen CN, Hong WH, Yang WC, Lee MH, Shen CR. Inhibiting TLR7 Expression in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:736261. [PMID: 35069523 PMCID: PMC8766412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a model of human uveitis, is an organ-specific, T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Autoreactive T cells can penetrate the blood-retinal barrier, which is a physical defense composed of tight junction-linked retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RPE cells serve as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the eye since they express MHC class I and II and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although previous studies have shown that supplementation with TLR agonists exacerbates uveitis, little is known about how TLR signaling in the RPE contributes to the development of uveitis. In this study, we isolated the RPE from EAU mice, which were induced by active immunization (aEAU) or adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells (tEAU). The expression of TLRs on RPE was determined, and both aEAU and tEAU mice exhibited induced tlr7 expression. The TLR7 agonist R848 was shown to induce aggressive disease progression, along with significantly elevated levels of the uveopathogenic cytokine IL-17. Furthermore, not only IL-17 but also R848 appeared to enhance the inflammatory response and to impair the barrier function of the RPE, indicating that TLR7 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of EAU by affecting the behaviors of the RPE and consequently allowing the infiltration of autoreactive T cells intraocularly. Finally, local application of shRNA against TLR7 delivered by recombinant AAV effectively inhibited disease severity and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17. Our findings highlight an immunomodulatory role of RPE TLR7 in EAU development and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Lo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Biochemical Technology R&D Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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10
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Hase K, Namba K, Wada H, Tsuji H, Maeda A, Murata T, Otsuka R, Iwata D, Kanda A, Noda K, Kitaichi N, Seino KI, Ishida S. Macrophage-like iPS-derived Suppressor Cells Reduce Th1-mediated Immune Response to a Retinal Antigen. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1908-1916. [PMID: 34260333 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1952605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the immunotherapeutic effects of macrophage-like induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived suppressor cells (SCs) in ocular immune response and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS The genes of Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc were transferred to B cells enriched from the spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice by using retrovirus vectors. Transferred B cells were cultured for 17 days to obtain colonies of iPS cells. Through additional steps, iPS-SCs were induced. An antigen-specific T cell proliferation assay was performed with CD4+ T cells collected from draining lymph nodes of the mice immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (hIRBP) peptide and co-cultured with iPS-SCs. Cytokine concentrations in the culture supernatant were examined. Mice were immunized with hIRBP peptide to induce EAU. The iPS-SCs were administered into the mice one day before the induction of EAU. RESULTS The iPS-SCs decreased hIRBP-specific T cell proliferation depending on the number of cells. Productions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were significantly decreased; however, transforming growth factor-β1, nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-13, IL-17A, and IL-17 F levels were elevated in the supernatant when the collected T cells were co-cultured with iPS-SCs. The iPS-SCs had immunosuppressant effects even without cell-to-cell contact, and their effects were non-specific to the antigen preloaded on iPS-SCs. EAU was significantly milder in the mice administered iPS-SCs prior to immunization. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-like iPS-SCs reduced Th1 immune response to a retinal antigen and Th1-mediated EAU in mice. These results showed the possibility of the application of iPS technology to the treatment of noninfectious ocular inflammation, endogenous uveitis, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hyuma Tsuji
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aoi Maeda
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiju Iwata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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11
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Shome A, Mugisho OO, Niederer RL, Rupenthal ID. Blocking the inflammasome: A novel approach to treat uveitis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2839-2857. [PMID: 34229084 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is a complex ocular inflammatory disease often accompanied by bacterial or viral infections (infectious uveitis) or underlying autoimmune diseases (non-infectious uveitis). Treatment of the underlying infection along with corticosteroid-mediated suppression of acute inflammation usually resolves infectious uveitis. However, to develop more effective therapies for non-infectious uveitis and to better address acute inflammation in infectious disease, an improved understanding of the underlying inflammatory pathways is needed. In this review, we discuss the disease aetiology, preclinical in vitro and in vivo uveitis models, the role of inflammatory pathways, as well as current and future therapies. In particular, we highlight the involvement of the inflammasome in the development of non-infectious uveitis and how it could be a future target for effective treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Shome
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachael L Niederer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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12
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Ko MK, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Timing Effect of Adenosine-Directed Immunomodulation on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:153-161. [PMID: 34127521 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important regulatory molecule of the immune response. We have previously reported that treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)-prone mice with an adenosine-degrading enzyme (adenosine deaminase) prohibited EAU development by inhibiting Th17 pathogenic T cell responses. To further validate that the targeting of adenosine or adenosine receptors effectively modulates Th17 responses, we investigated the effect of adenosine receptor antagonists. In this study, we show that the A2AR antagonist SCH 58261 (SCH) effectively modulates aberrant Th17 responses in induced EAU. However, timing of the treatment is important. Whereas SCH inhibits EAU when administered during the active disease stage, it did not do so if administered during quiescent disease stages, thus implying that the existing immune status influences the therapeutic effect. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of γδ T cell activation is crucially involved in adenosine-based treatment. Adenosine is an important costimulator of γδ T cell activation, which is essential for promoting Th17 responses. During ongoing disease stages, adenosine synergizes with existing high levels of cytokines, leading to augmented γδ T cell activation and Th17 responses, but in quiescent disease stages, when existing cytokine levels are low, adenosine does not enhance γδ T cell activation. Our results demonstrated that blockade of the synergistic effect between adenosine and inflammatory cytokines at active disease stages can ameliorate high-degree γδ T cell activation and, thus, suppress Th17 pathogenic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee K Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Saint Louis University Eye Institute, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA;
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13
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Okunuki Y, Tabor SJ, Lee MY, Connor KM. CD47 Deficiency Ameliorates Ocular Autoimmune Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680568. [PMID: 34093583 PMCID: PMC8174453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening ocular inflammatory condition in which the retina and uveal tissues become a target of autoreactive immune cells. The CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein which plays multiple roles in fundamental cellular functions including phagocytosis, proliferation, and adhesion. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), one of the CD47 ligands, is predominantly expressed in myeloid lineage cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages, and CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway is implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Our current study demonstrates how CD47 depletion is effective in the prevention of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), an animal model of human autoimmune uveitis, in animals deficient of CD47 (CD47-/- ). Systemic suppression of SIRPα+ DCs in animals deficient in CD47 resulted in the inability of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to develop, which is crucial to induction of EAU. Of interest, retinal microglia, the resident immune cell of the retina, express SIRPα, however these cells were not operative in EAU suppression in response to CD47 depletion. These results identify CD47 as a significant regulator in the development of SIRPα+ DCs that is vital to disease induction in EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kip M. Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Lin W, Zhou S, Feng M, Yu Y, Su Q, Li X. Soluble CD83 Regulates Dendritic Cell-T Cell Immunological Synapse Formation by Disrupting Rab1a-Mediated F-Actin Rearrangement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:605713. [PMID: 33585445 PMCID: PMC7874230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell-T cell (DC-T) contacts play an important role in T cell activation, clone generation, and development. Regulating the cytoskeletal protein rearrangement of DCs can modulate DC-T contact and affect T cell activation. However, inhibitory factors on cytoskeletal regulation in DCs remain poorly known. We showed that a soluble form of CD83 (sCD83) inhibited T cell activation by decreasing DC-T contact and synapse formation between DC and T cells. This negative effect of sCD83 on DCs was mediated by disruption of F-actin rearrangements, leading to alter expression and localization of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and immunological synapse formation between DC and T cells. Furthermore, sCD83 was found to decrease GTP-binding activity of Rab1a, which further decreased colocalization and expression of LRRK2 and F-actin rearrangements in DCs, leading to the loss of MHC-II at DC-T synapses and reduced DC-T synapse formation. Further, sCD83-treated DCs alleviated symptoms of experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice and decreased the number of T cells in the eyes and lymph nodes of these animals. Our findings demonstrate a novel signaling pathway of sCD83 on regulating DC-T contact, which may be harnessed to develop new immunosuppressive therapeutics for autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghong Su
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
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15
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Tajiri N, Kato T, Satoh M, Iizuka M, Taniguchi M, Kitaichi N, Iwabuchi K. The protective function of invariant natural killer T cells in the relapse of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108406. [PMID: 33347870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in mice provides a useful platform to study the pathogenesis and experimental therapeutics of human uveitis. One often used EAU model employs C57BL/6 (B6) mice sensitized with a peptide residue having 1 to 20 amino acids of human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (hIRBP1-20). The model using the B6 background has permitted a liberal use of genetically engineered strains and has provided insights for understanding uveoretinitis. However, this is usually acute/monophasic and does not represent human uveoretinitis that is characterized as a chronic/recurrent disease. Several chronic/recurrent EAU models have been developed; of these, we employed administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) for relapse in the present study, and found that recurrence was induced at day 24 after primary immunization, which is thought to be the convalescent phase. We reported the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT)-cells upon primary immunization of the EAU model mice with the ligand RCAI-56, which was found to mitigate the disease in our previous study. Here, we first attempted to ameliorate EAU in the relapse model using a preventive regimen by activating iNKT cells at the same time relapse induction (day 24) or in a regimen after 3 days of relapse induction (day 27). The preventive as well as post-inductive regimens were successful in reducing histopathological scores by inhibiting the Ag-specific Th17-biased response. Collectively, activation of iNKT cells may be useful to mitigate the relapse response of EAU induced with SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tajiri
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Taiki Kato
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Misao Iizuka
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan; Health Science University of Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Program in Cellular Immunology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
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16
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Sato Y, Keino H, Nakayama M, Kano M, Okada AA. Effect of In Vivo Expansion of Regulatory T Cells with IL-2/anti-IL-2 Antibody Complex Plus Rapamycin on Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1520-1529. [PMID: 32459545 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1757119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of injection of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody (IL-2 complex) together with rapamycin on the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).Methods: C57BL/6J mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide. The immunized mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, IL-2 complex, rapamycin, or IL-2 complex/rapamycin on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 (induction phase) or days 10, 11, 12, and 13 (effector phase) after immunization.Results: Expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining lymph nodes was observed in IL-2 complex and IL-2 complex/rapamycin-treated mice. Although injection of IL-2 complex alone was not capable of decreasing the clinical score of EAU, injection of IL-2 complex/rapamycin significantly delayed the onset of EAU. In contrast, the treatment with IL-2 complex alone or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during effector phase failed to suppress EAU.Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential limitations of IL-2 complex or IL-2 complex/rapamycin during EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Radioisotope Research, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mirai Kano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Liu Y, Kitaichi N, Wu D, Hase K, Satoh M, Iwata D, Namba K, Kanda A, Noda K, Itai A, Iwabuchi K, Ishida S. Attenuation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice by IKKβ inhibitor IMD-0354. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:589-594. [PMID: 32115150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disease that accounts for almost 10% of blindness worldwide. NF-κB signaling plays pivotal roles in inflammatory diseases. We have reported that IMD-0354, which inhibits NF-κB signaling via selective blockade of IKK-β, suppresses inflammation in several ocular disease models. Here, we examined the therapeutic effect of IMD-0354 in an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) model, a well-established animal model for endogenous uveitis in humans. Systemic administration of IMD-0354 significantly suppressed the clinical and histological severity, inflammatory edema, and the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus of retinas in EAU mice. Furthermore, IMD-0354 treatment significantly inhibited the levels of several Th1/Th17-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Our current data demonstrate that inhibition of IKKβ with IMD-0354 ameliorates inflammatory responses in the mouse EAU model, suggesting that IMD-0354 may be a promising therapeutic agent for human endogenous uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Daiju Iwata
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiko Itai
- Institute of Medical Molecular Design Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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18
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Wei Y, Chen S, Sun D, Li X, Wei R, Li X, Nian H. miR-223-3p promotes autoreactive T h17 cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by inhibiting transcription factor FOXO3 expression. FASEB J 2019; 33:13951-13965. [PMID: 31645142 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic T helper (Th)17 cells are key mediators of autoimmune diseases such as uveitis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). However, the contribution of microRNAs (miRs) to the intrinsic control of pathogenic Th17 cells in EAU remains largely unknown. Here, we have reported that miR-223-3p was significantly up-regulated in interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific Th17 cells, and its expression was enhanced by IL-23-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Knockdown of miR-223-3p decreased the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a T-cell transfer model of EAU. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-223-3p directly repressed the expression of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), and FOXO3 negatively regulated pathogenic Th17 cell responses partially via suppression of IL-23 receptor expression. Thus, our results reveal an important role for miR-223-3p in autoreactive Th17 cell responses and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for uveitis.-Wei, Y., Chen, S., Sun, D., Li, X., Wei, R., Li, X., Nian, H. miR-223-3p promotes autoreactive Th17 cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by inhibiting transcription factor FOXO3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Quandt JA, Becquart P, Kamma E, Hallenbeck J. Mucosal Administration of E-selectin Limits Disability in Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:190. [PMID: 31507371 PMCID: PMC6718462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
E-selectin plays an important role in mediating the rolling of leukocytes along and thus, the subsequent extravasation across activated endothelial cells comprising the microvasculature of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), the microvasculature is altered and immune cells infiltrate the brain and spinal cord contributing to damage, demyelination and ultimately disability. While mucosal administration is typically used to affect lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness or tolerance to suspect autoantigens, intranasal administration to E-selectin has previously been shown to protect against CNS inflammatory insults. We characterized the potential for mucosal administration of E-selectin to modulate CNS autoimmunity in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Intranasally administered E-selectin reduced swelling by as much as 50% in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions compared to ovalbumin-tolerized controls. Intranasal E-selectin delivery prior to disease induction with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 reduced disease severity and total disease burden by more than 50% compared to PBS-tolerized animals; this protection was not associated with differences in the magnitude of the autoimmune response. Examination after the onset of disease showed that protection was associated with significant reductions in inflammatory infiltrates throughout the spinal cord. Tolerization to E-selectin did not influence encephalitogenic characteristics of autoreactive T cells such as IFN-gamma or IL-17 production. Clinical disease was also significantly reduced when E-selectin was first delivered after the onset of clinical symptoms. Splenic and lymph node (LN) populations from E-selectin-tolerized animals showed E-selectin-specific T cell responses and production of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Transfer of enriched CD4+ T cells from E-selectin tolerized mice limited disability in the passive SJL model of relapsing remitting MS. These results suggest a role for influencing E-selectin specific responses to limit neuroinflammation that warrants further exploration and characterization to better understand its potential to mitigate neurodegeneration in disorders such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Quandt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pierre Becquart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emily Kamma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening ocular inflammatory condition in which the retina and uveal tissues become a target of autoreactive immune cells. While microglia have been studied extensively in autoimmune uveitis, their exact function remains uncertain. The objective of the current study was to determine whether resident microglia are necessary and sufficient to initiate and amplify retinal inflammation in autoimmune uveitis. In this study, we clearly demonstrate that microglia are essential for initiating infiltration of immune cells utilizing a murine model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and the recently identified microglia-specific marker P2ry12. Initiating disease is the primary function of microglia in EAU, since eliminating microglia during the later stages of EAU had little effect, indicating that the function of circulating leukocytes is to amplify and sustain destructive inflammation once microglia have triggered disease. In the absence of microglia, uveitis does not develop, since leukocytes cannot gain entry through the blood-retinal barrier, illustrating that microglia play a critical role in regulating infiltration of inflammatory cells into the retina.
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21
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Lin W, Buscher K, Wang B, Fan Z, Song N, Li P, Yue Y, Li B, Li C, Bi H. Soluble CD83 Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Inhibiting Filamentous Actin-Dependent Calcium Release in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1567. [PMID: 30050530 PMCID: PMC6052908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD83 (sCD83) is the extracellular domain of the membrane-bound CD83 molecule, and known for its immunoregulatory functions. Whether and how sCD83 participates in the pathogenesis of uveitis, a serious inflammatory disease of the eye that can cause visual disability and blindness, is unknown. By flow cytometry and imaging studies, we show that sCD83 alleviates experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through a novel mechanism. During onset and recovery of EAU, the level of sCD83 rises in the serum and aqueous humor, and CD83+ leukocytes infiltrate the inflamed eye. Systemic or topical application of sCD83 exerts a protective effect by decreasing inflammatory cytokine expression, reducing ocular and splenic leukocyte including CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Mechanistically, sCD83 induces tolerogenic DCs by decreasing the synaptic expression of co-stimulatory molecules and hampering the calcium response in DCs. These changes are caused by a disruption of the cytoskeletal rearrangements at the DC–T cell contact zone, leading to altered localization of calcium microdomains and suppressed T-cell activation. Thus, the ability of sCD83 to modulate DC-mediated inflammation in the eye could be harnessed to develop new immunosuppressive therapeutics for autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Konrad Buscher
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Beibei Wang
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nannan Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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22
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Diedrichs-Möhring M, Kaufmann U, Wildner G. The immunopathogenesis of chronic and relapsing autoimmune uveitis – Lessons from experimental rat models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 65:107-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Takeda A, Yamada H, Hasegawa E, Arima M, Notomi S, Myojin S, Yoshimura T, Hisatomi T, Enaida H, Yanai R, Kimura K, Ishibashi T, Sonoda KH. Crucial role of P2X 7 receptor for effector T cell activation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:398-406. [PMID: 29572578 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the roles of P2X7 receptors (P2RX7) in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). STUDY DESIGN Experimental. METHODS Either wild-type (P2rx7 +/+ ) or P2rx7-deficient (P2rx7 -∕- ) mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptide 1-20. Severity of EAU was evaluated clinically and histopathologically. The induction of IRBP-specific proliferation and cytokines in draining lymph nodes was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The frequency of activation markers was examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, inhibitory roles of systemic administration of Brilliant Blue G (BBG), an antagonist for P2RX7, in EAU were also assessed in the wild-type mice. RESULTS The severity of EAU in P2rx7 -∕- mice was reduced as compared with that in P2rx7 +/+ mice, both clinically and histopathologically. IRBP-specific proliferation in P2rx7 -∕- on day 16 was slightly decreased compared to that in P2rx7 +/+ mice. The induction of IRBP-specific interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 in P2rx7 -∕- mice on day 16 was lower than that in P2rx7 +/+ mice. The up-regulation of surface expression of activation markers such as CD25, CD44, and CD69 in response to TCR stimulation in P2rx7 -∕- mice was decreased as compared with that in P2rx7 +/+ mice. Furthermore, neutralization of P2RX7 in vivo by BBG suppressed EAU clinically and histopathologically. IRBP-specific IFN-γ and IL-17 induction in BBG-treated mice was significantly lower than that in vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that P2RX7 is a novel preventative therapeutic target for uveitis as it suppresses the effector functions of both Th1 and Th17 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Myojin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Lin W, Man X, Li P, Song N, Yue Y, Li B, Li Y, Sun Y, Fu Q. NK cells are negatively regulated by sCD83 in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12895. [PMID: 29038541 PMCID: PMC5643513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent a subset of lymphocytes that contribute to innate immunity and have been reported to play a role in autoimmune uveitis. However, the mechanisms regulating NK cellular function in this condition remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the status of NK cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We found that the number of CD83+CD3-NK1.1+ cells was increased in the inflamed eyes and spleens of the EAU mouse model. At the recovery stage of EAU, serum concentrations of soluble CD83 (sCD83) were increased. sCD83 treatment relieved retinal tissue damage and decreased the number of infiltrating NK cells in inflamed eyes. Further analysis of the effects of sCD83 treatment in EAU revealed that it reduced: 1) the expressions of CD11b and CD83 in NK cells, 2) the percent of CD11bhighCD27lowCD3-NK1.1+ cells and 3) the secretion of granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ in NK cells as demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. When sCD83 treated-NK cells were transferred into EAU mice, retinal tissue damage was relieved. These results demonstrate sCD83 down-regulate NK cellular function and thus provide important, new information regarding the means for the beneficial effects of this agent in the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of microbiology, Institute of Basic medicine, Shandong Academy of medical Sciences, Jinan, 250032, China.
| | - Xuejing Man
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of microbiology, Institute of Basic medicine, Shandong Academy of medical Sciences, Jinan, 250032, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Department of microbiology, Institute of Basic medicine, Shandong Academy of medical Sciences, Jinan, 250032, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of microbiology, Institute of Basic medicine, Shandong Academy of medical Sciences, Jinan, 250032, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- Department of microbiology, Institute of Basic medicine, Shandong Academy of medical Sciences, Jinan, 250032, China
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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25
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Sugita S, Shimizu J, Makabe K, Keino H, Watanabe T, Takahashi M. Inhibition of T cell-mediated inflammation in uveitis by a novel anti-CD3 antibody. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:176. [PMID: 28743289 PMCID: PMC5526238 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel anti-mouse CD3ε antibody, Dow2, recognizes mouse CD3ε without activating T cells and suppresses T-cell activation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Dow2 can inhibit T cells in uveitis. Methods Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in mice by immunization with retinal peptides, followed by administration of Dow2. Inflammation was evaluated by color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and histology. Intraocular cells from EAU mice were used to examine the effect of Dow2 on retinal antigen-specific T cells. The effects of Dow2, conventional CD3ε antibodies, and isotype control immunoglobulin G (IgG) on splenic T cells were compared by assessing cell proliferation by the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, inflammatory cytokine production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, and gene expression by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). T-cell subpopulations were characterized by flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of CD4, CD8, CD44, CD62L, and Foxp3. Results Dow2 significantly reduced T-cell activation and counteracted activation associated with anti-CD3ε antibodies. Unlike conventional CD3ε antibodies, Dow2 treatment did not upregulate T helper (Th)1-/Th17-associated gene expression and cytokine production in splenic T cells. Interferon (IFN)-γ production by retinal antigen-specific T cells was also significantly reduced. Ocular inflammation was significantly reduced in Dow2-treated EAU mice compared to control EAU mice, with fewer T cells infiltrating into the retinas of Dow2-treated EAU mice. In immunohistochemistry, Th1 and Th17 cells invaded the retina in control EAU mice but not Dow2-treated EAU mice. No effects on peripheral T-cell numbers were observed following systemic administration of Dow2. Conclusion The novel anti-CD3 antibody Dow2 can inhibit T cell-mediated inflammation in uveitis models. Thus, inhibition of T-cell activation by anti-CD3 therapy with this new antibody may protect uveitis patients from severe ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makabe
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute and Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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26
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Gutowski MB, Wilson L, Van Gelder RN, Pepple KL. In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging for Longitudinal Monitoring of Inflammation in Animal Models of Uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1521-1528. [PMID: 28278321 PMCID: PMC5361579 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We develop a quantitative bioluminescence assay for in vivo longitudinal monitoring of inflammation in animal models of uveitis. Methods Three models of experimental uveitis were induced in C57BL/6 albino mice: primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU), endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Intraperitoneal injection of luminol sodium salt, which emits light when oxidized, provided the bioluminescence substrate. Bioluminescence images were captured by a PerkinElmer In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) Spectrum and total bioluminescence was analyzed using Living Image software. Bioluminescence on day zero was compared to bioluminescence on the day of peak inflammation for each model. Longitudinal bioluminescence imaging was performed in EIU and EAU. Results In the presence of luminol, intraocular inflammation generates detectable bioluminescence in three mouse models of uveitis. Peak bioluminescence in inflamed PMU eyes (1.46 × 105 photons/second [p/s]) was significantly increased over baseline (1.47 × 104 p/s, P = 0.01). Peak bioluminescence in inflamed EIU eyes (3.18 × 104 p/s) also was significantly increased over baseline (1.09 × 104 p/s, P = 0.04), and returned to near baseline levels by 48 hours. In EAU, there was a nonsignificant increase in bioluminescence at peak inflammation. Conclusions In vivo bioluminescence may be used as a noninvasive, quantitative measure of intraocular inflammation in animal models of uveitis. Primed mycobacterial uveitis and EIU are both acute models with robust anterior inflammation and demonstrated significant changes in bioluminescence corresponding with peak inflammation. Experimental autoimmune uveitis is a more indolent posterior uveitis and generated a more modest bioluminescent signal. In vivo imaging system bioluminescence is a nonlethal, quantifiable assay that can be used for monitoring inflammation in animal models of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal B Gutowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States 2Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States 3Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kathryn L Pepple
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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27
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Umazume A, Kezuka T, Matsuda R, Usui Y, Takahashi H, Yamakawa N, Yashiro T, Nishiyama C, Goto H. Role of PU.1 Expression as an Inflammatory Marker in Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:951-963. [PMID: 28448751 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1299867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PU.1 is an Ets family transcription factor, which is essential for the development of immune system through generation of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In this study, we investigated PU.1 expression in the retina of mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and the association between PU.1 expression level and inflammation in EAU. METHODS IRBP 1-20 peptide-immunized mice were used. Quantitative PCR, ELISA analysis, cytometric bead array (CBA), assay and immunostaining were conducted using ocular tissues and lymph nodes. RESULTS Quantitative PCR showed significant increases in mRNA levels of PU.1 in the retina at the peak of inflammation. Immunostaining of retina flat mounts revealed that most PU.1-positive cells were co-stained with anti-CD11c and anti-F4/80 antibodies. PU.1 knockdown in lymph node cells significantly suppressed IRBP-stimulated IFN-γ production measured by ELISA and IL-2 production measured by CBA. CONCLUSION PU.1 may play crucial roles in the development and progression of inflammation in EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Umazume
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Biological Science and Technology , Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Kezuka
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryusaku Matsuda
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamakawa
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takuya Yashiro
- b Department of Biological Science and Technology , Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- b Department of Biological Science and Technology , Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo , Japan
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28
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Invariant natural killer T cells play dual roles in the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 153:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Dry eye disease and uveitis: A closer look at immune mechanisms in animal models of two ocular autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Xiao Q, Li X, Sun D, Yi H, Lu X, Nian H. TLR7 Engagement on Dendritic Cells Enhances Autoreactive Th17 Responses via Activation of ERK. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3820-3830. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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The Microbiota Determines Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5065703. [PMID: 27294159 PMCID: PMC4886056 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5065703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is a crucial modulator of the immune system. Here, we evaluated how its absence or reduction modifies the inflammatory response in the murine model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). We induced EAU in germ-free (GF) or conventionally housed (CV) mice and in CV mice treated with a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics either from the day of EAU induction or from one week prior to induction of disease. The severity of the inflammation was assessed by fundus biomicroscopy or by histology, including immunohistology. The immunophenotyping of T cells in local and distant lymph nodes was performed by flow cytometry. We found that GF mice and mice where the microbiota was reduced one week before EAU induction were protected from severe autoimmune inflammation. GF mice had lower numbers of infiltrating macrophages and significantly less T cell infiltration in the retina than CV mice with EAU. GF mice also had reduced numbers of IFN-γ and IL-17-producing T cells and increased numbers of regulatory T cells in the eye-draining lymph nodes. These data suggest that the presence of microbiota during autoantigen recognition regulates the inflammatory response by influencing the adaptive immune response.
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32
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Hansson C, Schön K, Kalbina I, Strid Å, Andersson S, Bokarewa MI, Lycke NY. Feeding transgenic plants that express a tolerogenic fusion protein effectively protects against arthritis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1106-1115. [PMID: 26403330 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although much explored, oral tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases still awaits the establishment of novel and effective vectors. We investigated whether the tolerogenic CTA1(R7K)-COL-DD fusion protein can be expressed in edible plants, to induce oral tolerance and protect against arthritis. The fusion protein was recombinantly expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants, which were fed to H-2(q) -restricted DBA/1 mice to assess the preventive effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The treatment resulted in fewer mice exhibiting disease and arthritis scores were significantly reduced. Immune suppression was evident in treated mice, and serum biomarkers for inflammation as well as anticollagen IgG responses were reduced. In spleen and draining lymph nodes, CD4(+) T-cell responses were reduced. Concomitant with a reduced effector T-cell activity with lower IFNγ, IL-13 and IL-17A production, we observed an increase in IL-10 production to recall antigen stimulation in vitro, suggesting reduced Th1, Th2 and Th17 activity subsequent to up-regulated IL-10 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) functions. This study shows that edible plants expressing a tolerogen were effective at stimulating CD4 T-cell tolerance and in protecting against CIA disease. Our study conveys optimism as to the potential of using edible plants for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Hansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Irina Kalbina
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åke Strid
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sören Andersson
- Örebro Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Y Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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33
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Liang D, Zuo A, Zhao R, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Regulation of Adenosine Deaminase on Induced Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2646-54. [PMID: 26856700 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important regulator of the immune response, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibits this regulatory effect by converting adenosine into functionally inactive molecules. Studies showed that adenosine receptor agonists can be anti- or proinflammatory. Clarification of the mechanisms that cause these opposing effects should provide a better guide for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the effect of ADA on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by immunizing EAU-prone mice with a known uveitogenic peptide, IRBP1-20. Our results showed that the effective time to administer a single dose of ADA to suppress induction of EAU was 8-14 d postimmunization, shortly before EAU expression; however, ADA treatment at other time points exacerbated disease. ADA preferentially inhibited Th17 responses, and this effect was γδ T cell dependent. Our results demonstrated that the existing immune status strongly influences the anti- or proinflammatory effects of ADA. Our observations should help to improve the design of ADA- and adenosine receptor-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; Department of Medical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China; and
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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34
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Chen M, Liang D, Zuo A, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. An A2B Adenosine Receptor Agonist Promotes Th17 Autoimmune Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) via Dendritic Cell Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132348. [PMID: 26147733 PMCID: PMC4492970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that, although adenosine receptor (AR) agonists have a suppressive effect on Th1 autoreactive T cells, their effect on Th17 autoreactive T cells and γδ T cells is stimulatory and this effect is mainly mediated via A2A adenosine receptors (A2ARs). In this study, we further demonstrate that treatment of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with a selective A2B adenosine receptor (A2BR) agonist greatly enhanced the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), whereas treatment with an A2BR antagonist significantly ameliorated severity of EAU. The A2BR agonist-treated mice showed augmented Th17, but not Th1, responses. Mechanistic studies showed that the A2BR agonist-induced enhancement of the Th17 response was significantly lower when TCR-δ-/- mice received the same treatment and that transfer of γδ T cells into TCR-δ-/- mice partially restored this effect. We also showed that dendritic cells (DCs) from A2BR agonist-treated mice showed a significantly increased ability to activate γδ T cells and Th17 autoreactive T cells. Thus, our previous studies have shown that, in EAU, activated γδ T cells possess greatly increased ability to enhance Th17 autoimmune responses. In the present study, we showed that exposure of DCs to A2BR agonist facilitated γδ T cell activation, leading to augmented Th17 responses and progressive EAU development. Our results further support our previous finding that AR agonists have distinct effects on Th1 and Th17 autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiazi Chen
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States of America
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States of America
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States of America
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liang D, Zuo A, Shao H, Chen M, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory effect of an adenosine receptor agonist on the Th17 autoimmune response is inflammatory environment-dependent. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:5498-505. [PMID: 25367119 PMCID: PMC4299924 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a key endogenous signaling molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological functions, including immune system function and inflammation. Studies have shown that adenosine receptor (AR) agonists can be either anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory in immune responses and in inflammation, and the clarification of the mechanisms causing these opposing effects should provide a better guide for therapeutic intervention. Whereas previous studies mostly examined the effects of AR agonists on Th1-type immune responses, in this study, we compared their effect on Th17 and Th1 autoimmune responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis, a mouse model of human uveitis induced by immunization with the human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptides 1-20. We showed that injection of mice with a nonselective AR agonist, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), at an early stage after immunization had an inhibitory effect on both Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas injection of the same amount of NECA at a late stage inhibited the Th1 response but had an enhancing effect on the Th17 response. We also showed that the effects of NECA on Th1 and Th17 responses were completely dissociated, that the enhancing effect of NECA on Th17 responses was modulated by γδ T cells, and that the response of γδ T cells to NECA was determined by their activation status. We conclude that the inflammatory environment has a strong impact on converting the effect of AR agonist on the Th17 autoimmune response from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory. Our observation should help in the designing of better AR-targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/chemically induced
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Eye Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Immunomodulation/genetics
- Inflammation Mediators/administration & dosage
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Retinol-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Uveitis/chemically induced
- Uveitis/immunology
- Uveitis/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Mingjiazi Chen
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
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Wei R, Dong L, Xiao Q, Sun D, Li X, Nian H. Engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 enhances interleukin (IL)-17(+) autoreactive T cell responses via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:353-63. [PMID: 24965660 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of single Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in vivo is necessary to understand how they shape the ocular inflammation involved in uveitis. In this study we explored the role and mechanisms of TLR-2 agonists on the autoreactive T helper type 17 (Th17) response in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Treatment by peptidoglycan (PGN), a specific TLR-2 agonist, remarkably increased mRNA levels of Th17-lineage genes interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-21 and RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt and promoted antigen-specific Th17 response in EAU mice. A mixture of PGN and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide (IRBP161-180 ) could effectively induce EAU in the absence of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). PGN treatment also enhanced the pathogenic activities of activated antigen-specific Th17 cells in vivo. PGN significantly increased the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23 of dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced their ability to promote IL-17(+) uveitogenic T cells. Enhanced immunostimulatory activities of PGN-DCs depend upon p38 activation. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity dramatically decreased IL-17 gene expression and antigen-specific Th17 responses stimulated by PGN-DCs. Our findings suggest that PGN treatment dramatically promotes the IL-17(+) uveitogenic T cell responses via enhancing the immunostimulatory activities of DCs. This effect may be mediated, at least in part, by activation of the p38 signalling pathway in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wei
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital and Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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Oral delivery of ACE2/Ang-(1-7) bioencapsulated in plant cells protects against experimental uveitis and autoimmune uveoretinitis. Mol Ther 2014; 22:2069-2082. [PMID: 25228068 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) resulting in elevated Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to all stages of inflammatory responses including ocular inflammation. The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has established a protective axis of RAS involving ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas that counteracts the proinflammatory and hypertrophic effects of the deleterious ACE/AngII/AT1R axis. Here we investigated the hypothesis that enhancing the systemic and local activity of the protective axis of the RAS by oral delivery of ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) bioencapsulated in plant cells would confer protection against ocular inflammation. Both ACE2 and Ang-(1-7), fused with the non-toxic cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) were expressed in plant chloroplasts. Increased levels of ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) were observed in circulation and retina after oral administration of CTB-ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) expressing plant cells. Oral feeding of mice with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice. Treatment with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1-7) also dramatically decreased cellular infiltration, retinal vasculitis, damage and folding in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Thus, enhancing the protective axis of RAS by oral delivery of ACE2/Ang-(1-7) bioencapsulated in plant cells provide an innovative, highly efficient and cost-effective therapeutic strategy for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Huber A, Diedrichs-Möhring M, Wildner G. Spontaneously relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats allows successful therapeutic oral tolerance induction in ongoing disease. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:215-26. [PMID: 25085538 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific tolerance induction is a desired therapy for uveitis patients. Our relapsing-remitting rat model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced with IRBP peptide R14 enables us to test the effect of oral tolerance on the prevention of relapsing uveitis. We investigated several peptides overlapping the sequence of R14 for prevention and different doses of R14 for therapy to determine the tolerogenic epitope and the most effective therapeutic regimen for uveitis. Lewis rats were immunized with R14-CFA to induce EAU. Oral tolerance was induced prior to immunization (prevention) or after onset of EAU to prevent relapses (therapy). Therapeutic feeding was performed with high and/or low doses of oral antigen for clonal deletion of effector and induction of regulatory T cells. Uveitis was determined clinically and histologically; mesenteric lymph node (mLN) cells of tolerized rats were tested for surface markers, cytokines and Foxp3 expression. Preventive feeding of R14 and its major epitope R16, but none of the overlapping peptides significantly suppressed EAU and also prevented relapses, irrespective of their pathogenicity. Therapeutic feeding with R14 dramatically reduced relapses, while only the consecutive feeding of high and low-dose R14 had an ameliorating effect on the first course of disease. IL-10-producing T cells from mLN decreased after oral tolerization, and with R14-stimulation in vitro the TCRαβ+/Foxp3+ population increased in the low-dose fed group. No mLN population could be clearly assigned to successful oral tolerance induction during active autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huber
- Section of Immunobiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum der Universität, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Maria Diedrichs-Möhring
- Section of Immunobiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum der Universität, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Gerhild Wildner
- Section of Immunobiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum der Universität, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336 München, Germany.
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Takeda A, Hasegawa E, Fukuhara T, Hirakawa S, Yamada H, Yang Y, Yoshimura T, Hisatomi T, Oshima Y, Yoshida H, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. EBI3 is pivotal for the initiation of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:107-13. [PMID: 24929202 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Murine experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a model for human autoimmune uveitis, whose pathogenesis is caused by both Th1 and Th17 cell responses. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a component of the heterodimeric cytokines: interleukin (IL)-27 and IL-35. Although IL-27 was shown to initiate Th1 cell development, it is also recognized as a negative regulator of fully activated CD4+ T cells, including Th17 cells. Recently, IL-35 also has also been reported to play immunosuppressive roles in autoimmunity. To investigate the roles of EBI3 in EAU, EBI3(-/-) mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein peptide 1-20 (IRBP) to induce EAU. We observed that the clinical score in EBI3(-/-) mice was diminished compared with that in EBI3(+/+) mice up to day 22 after immunization, whereas the score in EBI3(-/-) mice reached the same levels as that of EBI3(+/+) mice after day 28. Histological analysis revealed a significant reduction of cellular infiltration into the retina in EBI3(-/-) mice on day 16. Although Th1 cell responses and IRBP-specific IL-10 production were reduced in EBI3(-/-) mice, the development of Th17 cell responses was unaffected on day 9. On day 21, Th1 cell responses and IRBP-specific IL-10 production was restored to the same levels as that in EBI3(+/+) mice, and Th17 cell responses significantly increased in EBI3(-/-) mice. Furthermore, Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T cells was comparable between EBI3(+/+) and EBI3(-/-) mice on days 9 and 21. Therefore, these results indicate that EBI3 may be important in EAU initiation by Th1 cell responses and may suppress EAU by inhibition of both Th1 and Th17 cell responses in the late/maintenance phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takako Fukuhara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hirakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeru Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunosciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima Saga, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Harimoto K, Ito M, Karasawa Y, Sakurai Y, Takeuchi M. Evaluation of mouse experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 98:808-12. [PMID: 24574437 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in monitoring the development of mouse experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) as an animal model of endogenous uveitis, and to develop an OCT-based grading system for EAU severity. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were immunised with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (amino acid sequence 1-20) peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant to induce EAU. The development of EAU was monitored by SD-OCT serially throughout the disease course, and the images were graded from 1 to 4 and compared with the clinical and histopathological grades. RESULTS SD-OCT images depicted retinal lamella structures including the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line in normal mice. Retinal structural changes were observed on SD-OCT images in mice that developed EAU clinically scored as grade 1 or higher, which precisely corresponded to the pathological findings. The SD-OCT images of EAU were graded as follows: grade 1, a few infiltrating cells in the vitreous and retina; grade 2, increased vitreous cells, retinal vasculitis, and granulomatous lesion; grade 3, cell infiltration into the whole retina, disappearance of IS/OS line, and destruction of the retinal layer structure; and grade 4, disappearance of the outer retina. The SD-OCT grade of EAU based on these criteria correlated significantly with both the clinical grade (R(2)=0.282, p<0.005) and histopathological grade (R(2)=0.846, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SD-OCT is useful for evaluating the development and severity of mouse EAU. The SD-OCT scoring system we developed accurately reflects clinical and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohzou Harimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Karasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sakurai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Schewitz-Bowers LP, Lee RWJ, Dick AD. Immune mechanisms of intraocular inflammation. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.09.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Chen S, Yan H, Sun B, Zuo A, Liang D. Subretinal transfection of chitosan-loaded TLR3-siRNA for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:726-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone suppresses experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:291-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effects of Japanese herbal medicine Sairei-to on murine experimental autoimmune uveitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:2733-9. [PMID: 24126677 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested thatSairei-to (TJ114), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has immunomodulatory activities. To evaluate the effects of TJ114 on uveitis, we examined the effectiveness of oral administration in a murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). METHODS Murine EAU was induced by subcutaneous injection of human inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) peptide mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. In the TJ114-treated group, 2 g/kg was administrated orally from 0 to 20 days after immunization. Clinical scoring, histopathological scoring of EAU, cell proliferation, cytokine assessment, and adoptive transfer experiment of splenic T cells into naïve mice were performed. RESULTS EAU development occurred in 32 of 38 mice (86 %) in the untreated group and 12 of 33 (36 %) in the TJ114-treated group. The clinical scores for EAU in the vehicle-treated and TJ114-treated groups were 1.56 ± 1.65 and 0.59 ± 0.63 respectively, at 14 days after immunization (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test), and 2.26 ± 1.56 and 0.75 ± 1.31 respectively at 21 days (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test), while the histopathological scores at 21 days were 1.47 ± 1.42 and 0.54 ± 0.84 respectively (p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test). Interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by cervical lymph node cells obtained from the TJ114-treated group were significantly reduced as compared with those from the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.01, Student's unpaired t-test). Moreover, the levels of C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and IFN-γ were significantly reduced in splenocytes of TJ114-treated mice as compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.01, Student's unpaired t-test). Mice that received adoptive transfer of splenic T cells from TJ114-treated EAU mice caused significantly lower severity of EAU compared to those that received from vehicle-treated EAU mice. CONCLUSION Oral administration of TJ114 has an inhibitory effect on a murine model of EAU, possibly via reduction in cytokine production by helper type-1 T cells.
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Suppression of autoimmune retinal inflammation by an antiangiogenic drug. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66219. [PMID: 23785488 PMCID: PMC3681944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent uveitis account for approximately 10% of legal blindness in the western world. Autoimmune uveitis is driven by activated CD4+ T cells that differentiate into effector T helper cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17) which release proinflammatory cytokines that damage the retina. In this study we investigated the effect of the methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibitor, Lodamin, on T cell activation and differentiation. MetAp2 is an enzyme which regulates cellular protein synthesis and is highly expressed in T cells. Lodamin was found to suppress T cell receptor (TCR) mediated T cell proliferation and reduced the production of Th1 and Th17 cells. Further, Lodamin suppressed overall inflammation in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) by a six fold. This effect was attributed in part to a reduction in retinal proinflammatory cytokines, down regulation of MetAP2 expression in purified lymph node CD4+ T cells, and a general normalization of the systemic immune reaction.
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Sugita S, Kawazoe Y, Imai A, Kawaguchi T, Horie S, Keino H, Takahashi M, Mochizuki M. Role of IL-22- and TNF-α-producing Th22 cells in uveitis patients with Behcet's disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:5799-808. [PMID: 23630362 PMCID: PMC3659956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder with recurrent episodes of oral ulceration, skin lesions, genital ulceration, and intraocular inflammation (uveitis). The intraocular inflammation is strictly associated with Th effector cells. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that is involved in inflammatory processes. Recently, Th22 cells were identified as a Th cell population that produces IL-22 and TNF-α and are distinct from Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. In this study, we established Th22-type T cell clones from ocular samples taken from Behçet's disease patients with active uveitis. These clones produced large amounts of IL-22 and TNF-α but not the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and the Th17 cytokine IL-17. CD4(+) T cells from the peripheral blood of Behçet's disease patients differentiated into Th22 cells in the presence of IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro. The polarized Th22 cell lines produced large amounts of IL-22, and the polarized Th1 and Th17 cells also produced IL-22. In the presence of anti-TNF-α- and anti-IL-6-blocking Abs, Behçet's disease Th22-type T cells failed to produce IL-22. In addition, infliximab-pretreated Th22 cells and Th22-type ocular T cells produced less IL-22 and TNF-α. Moreover, IL-22-producing T cells were isolated from mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis, an animal model of Behçet's disease, and the intraocular T cells from uveitis models produced large amounts of IL-22 in the presence of retinal Ags. Our results suggest that inflammatory cytokines IL-22 and TNF-α may play a key role in the ocular immune response in Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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Liang D, Zuo A, Shao H, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Retinoic acid inhibits CD25+ dendritic cell expansion and γδ T-cell activation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:3493-503. [PMID: 23611991 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the mechanism by which all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibits experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and determined the role of γδ T cells in this autoimmune disease. METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunized with the uveitogenic, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein1-20 peptide (IRBP1-20) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), with or without a preceding ATRA treatment. Responses and pathogenic activity of Th1- and Th17-autoreactive T cells were compared, and the effects of ATRA on γδ T cells and CD25(+) dendritic cell (DC) subset were determined. Interactions among uveitogenic T cells, DC subsets, and γδ T cells were investigated. RESULTS Administration of ATRA to B6 mice in which EAU was induced suppressed the response of Th17 autoreactive T cells, which was associated with decreased generation of the CD25(+) DC subset and suppressed activation of γδ T cells. Adoptively transferred γδ T cells isolated from ATRA-treated mice showed a diminished ability to promote the activation of Th17 autoreactive T cells in vitro and in vivo compared to γδ T cells from untreated donors. CONCLUSIONS ATRA inhibits the expansion of CD25(+) DCs and γδ T-cell activation, thereby restraining the Th17 autoreactive T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Hashida N, Ohguro N, Nishida K. Expression Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Genes during the Natural Course of Murine Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2012; 2012:471617. [PMID: 24049648 PMCID: PMC3767243 DOI: 10.5402/2012/471617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptides to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). From the day of immunization to 30 days later, RNA was isolated daily from the mouse eyes. Dynamic changes in gene expression during the pathogenesis of EAU were analyzed by TaqMan gene expression assay that contained most chemokines/cytokines and their receptors, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family genes, using beta-actin as the endogenous control. Gene clusters based on their expression profiles were analyzed to determine the candidate genes for the pathogenesis of inflammation. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed gene expression during EAU development in seven clustering patterns. Hierarchical cluster analysis also identified four distinct phases in daily expression: entrance, acceleration, deceleration, and remission. Gene expression changes in the EAU active phase showed synergetic upregulation of Th1-type genes (IFN-gamma and CXCL10/IP-10) with elevated Th2-type genes (CCL17/TARC and IL-5). Sequential expression changes of STAT1, STAT6, and STAT3 genes represented the dynamic changes of Th1, Th2, and Th17-type inflammatory genes, respectively. The expression pattern of STAT1 was representative of many gene movements. Our results suggested that coordinated action of Th1, Th2, and Th17 genes and STAT family genes are involved in EAU development and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Hashida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, E7, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Suzuki J, Yoshimura T, Simeonova M, Takeuchi K, Murakami Y, Morizane Y, Miller JW, Sobrin L, Vavvas DG. Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:4158-69. [PMID: 22562518 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) analog, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected daily with AICAR (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [IP]) from day 0, the day of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) immunization, until day 21. The severity of uveitis was assessed clinically and histopathologically. T-cell proliferation and cytokine production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 in response to IRBP stimulation were determined. In addition, regulatory T-cell (Treg) populations were measured. Co-stimulatory molecule expression (CD40, 80, 86, and I-Ab) on dendritic cells (DCs) in EAU and on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with AICAR was measured. RESULTS AICAR treatment significantly reduced clinical and histologic severity of EAU as well as ocular cytokine production. An anti-inflammatory effect associated with the inhibition of T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 cytokine production was observed. Increases in the Th2 response and Treg population were not observed with AICAR treatment. AICAR did significantly inhibit BMDC maturation by reducing co-stimulatory molecule expression. CONCLUSIONS AICAR attenuates EAU by preventing generation of Ag-specific Th1 and Th17 cells. Impaired DC maturation may be an underlying mechanism for this anti-inflammatory effect observed with AICAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Suzuki
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Liang D, Zuo A, Shao H, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Role of CD25+ dendritic cells in the generation of Th17 autoreactive T cells in autoimmune experimental uveitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:5785-91. [PMID: 22539790 PMCID: PMC3358586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we showed that in vivo administration of an anti-CD25 Ab (PC61) decreased the Th17 response in C57BL/6 mice immunized with the uveitogenic peptide interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, while enhancing the autoreactive Th1 response. The depressed Th17 response was closely associated with decreased numbers of a splenic dendritic cell (DC) subset expressing CD11c(+)CD3(-)CD25(+) and decreased expansion of γδ T cells. We demonstrated that ablation of the CD25(+) DC subset accounted for the decreased activation and the expansion of γδ T cells, leading to decreased activation of IL-17(+) interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells. Our results show that an enhanced Th17 response in an autoimmune disease is associated with the appearance of a DC subset expressing CD25 and that treatment of mice with anti-CD25 Ab causes functional alterations in a number of immune cell types, namely DCs and γδ T cells, in addition to CD25(+)αβTCR(+) regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
| | - Willi K. Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Rebecca L. O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, United States
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033, United States
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