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Canet-Pons J, Schubert R, Duecker RP, Schrewe R, Wölke S, Kieslich M, Schnölzer M, Chiocchetti A, Auburger G, Zielen S, Warnken U. Ataxia telangiectasia alters the ApoB and reelin pathway. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:237-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Harbort CJ, Soeiro-Pereira PV, von Bernuth H, Kaindl AM, Costa-Carvalho BT, Condino-Neto A, Reichenbach J, Roesler J, Zychlinsky A, Amulic B. Neutrophil oxidative burst activates ATM to regulate cytokine production and apoptosis. Blood 2015; 126:2842-51. [PMID: 26491069 PMCID: PMC4692144 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-645424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the initial stages of inflammation by balancing pro- and antiinflammatory signals. Among these signals are the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the timely initiation of antiinflammatory cell death via constitutive apoptosis. Here we identify ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase as a modulator of these neutrophil functions. Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a pleiotropic multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the gene-encoding ATM, a master regulator of the DNA damage response. In addition to progressive neurodegeneration and high rates of cancer, AT patients have numerous symptoms that can be linked to chronic inflammation. We report that neutrophils isolated from patients with AT overproduce proinflammatory cytokines and have a prolonged lifespan compared with healthy controls. This effect is partly mediated by increases in activation of p38 MAP kinase. Furthermore, we show that the oxidative burst, catalyzed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, can activate ATM in neutrophils. Finally, activation of ATM and DNA damage signaling suppress cytokine production and can abrogate the overproduction of IL-8 in ROS-deficient cells. This reveals a novel mechanism for the regulation of cytokine production and apoptosis, establishing DNA damage as a downstream mediator of immune regulation by reactive oxygen species. We propose that deficiencies in the DNA damage response, like deficiencies in the oxidative burst seen in chronic granulomatous disease, could lead to pathologic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Harbort
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Horst von Bernuth
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Outpatient Clinic for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin, Section for Immunology, Charité-Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Pediatric Neurology, and Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janine Reichenbach
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital, and Children's Research Centre, Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, and Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Joachim Roesler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Borko Amulic
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Weiss CN, Ito K. DNA damage: a sensible mediator of the differentiation decision in hematopoietic stem cells and in leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6183-201. [PMID: 25789504 PMCID: PMC4394526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, the source of functionally diverse, mature blood cells are hematopoietic stem cells, a rare population of quiescent cells that reside in the bone marrow niche. Like stem cells in other tissues, hematopoietic stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew, in order to maintain the stem cell population for the lifetime of the organism, and to differentiate, in order to give rise to the multiple lineages of the hematopoietic system. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested a role for the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in the decision for hematopoietic stem cells to exit quiescence and to differentiate. In this review, we will examine recent work supporting the idea that detection of cell stressors, such as oxidative and genetic damage, is an important mediator of cell fate decisions in hematopoietic stem cells. We will explore the benefits of such a system in avoiding the development and progression of malignancies, and in avoiding tissue exhaustion and failure. Additionally, we will discuss new work that examines the accumulation of DNA damage and replication stress in aging hematopoietic stem cells and causes us to rethink ideas of genoprotection in the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary N Weiss
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology/Stem Cell Institute and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology/Stem Cell Institute and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Weiss CN, Ito K. DNA damage response, redox status and hematopoiesis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 52:12-8. [PMID: 24041596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to self-renew and differentiate into progenitors is essential for homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. The longevity of HSCs makes them vulnerable to accumulating DNA damage, which may be leukemogenic or result in senescence and cell death. Additionally, the ability of HSCs to self-renew and differentiate allows DNA damage to spread throughout the hematologic system, leaving the organism vulnerable to disease. In this review we discuss cell fate decisions made in the face of DNA damage and other cellular stresses, and the role of reactive oxygen species in the long-term maintenance of HSCs and their DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary N Weiss
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Carney EF, Srinivasan V, Moss PA, Taylor AM. Classical ataxia telangiectasia patients have a congenitally aged immune system with high expression of CD95. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:261-8. [PMID: 22649200 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare neurodegenerative immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene. Patients commonly have lymphopenia and Ig-production abnormalities. We used multicolor flow cytometry and IL-7 ELISA to investigate the effect of A-T and age on the proportions of major lymphocyte subsets and their pattern of CD95 expression in relation to IL-7 levels in 15 classical A-T patients. We also analyzed the sensitivity of T cells from four classical A-T patients to CD95-mediated apoptosis using TUNEL and caspase-activation assays. Our results confirmed lymphopenia and a deficiency in naive T and B cells in A-T patients. In contrast to controls, the proportions of naive and memory T and B cell subsets in A-T patients did not vary in relation to age. There was no evidence of a deficiency in plasma IL-7 or IL-7R expression, and IL-7 concentration correlated positively with CD95 expression on CD4(+) T cells. CD95 expression on unstimulated A-T lymphocytes was high, and the apoptotic sensitivity of activated naive and central memory T cells was increased. These findings show that the immunodeficiency in A-T patients may be described as congenitally aged and is not progressive. The naive cell deficiency is not related to a deficiency in IL-7 or its receptor. However, IL-7 may upregulate CD95 on A-T lymphocytes. High CD95 expression and increased apoptotic sensitivity of activated naive and central memory T cells may result in an increased level of CD95-mediated apoptosis, which could contribute to the congenital lymphopenia in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F Carney
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Calopa M, Bas J, Callén A, Mestre M. Apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Parkinson patients. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 38:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Reichenbach J, Schubert R, Feinberg J, Beck O, Rosewich M, Rose MA, Zielen S. Impaired interferon-gamma production in response to live bacteria and Toll-like receptor agonists in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:381-9. [PMID: 17100756 PMCID: PMC1810411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with associated immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition, caused by mutational inactivation of the ATM gene. Early death usually results from lymphoreticular malignancy or recurrent, chronic respiratory infections. Immune deficiency of AT patients is heterogeneous and involves both humoral and cellular responses. Reports on the number and integrity of immunocompetent cells in AT are conflicting. In the early phase of infection, the interleukin (IL)-12/interferon (IFN)-gamma axis plays a crucial role in first-line defence against pathogens. In a whole blood assay we studied the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis in the immune response of AT cells to the Toll-like receptor agonists lipopolysaccharide and heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, as well as whole live M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The function of AT antigen-presenting cells was normal in terms of IL-12 production, while IFN-gamma production by T and natural killer (NK) cells was severely impaired, even in the presence of adequate co-stimulation by exogenous IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reichenbach
- Department of Immunology/Haematology/BMT, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Zwitzerland.
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Hoyer KK, Herling M, Bagrintseva K, Dawson DW, French SW, Renard M, Weinger JG, Jones D, Teitell MA. T Cell Leukemia-1 Modulates TCR Signal Strength and IFN-γ Levels through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Protein Kinase C Pathway Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:864-73. [PMID: 16002684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A signaling role for T cell leukemia-1 (TCL1) during T cell development or in premalignant T cell expansions and mature T cell tumors is unknown. In this study, TCL1 is shown to regulate the growth and survival of peripheral T cells but not precursor thymocytes. Proliferation is increased by TCL1-induced lowering of the TCR threshold for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation through both PI3K-Akt and protein kinase C-MAPK-ERK signaling pathways. This effect is submaximal as CD28 costimulation coupled to TCL1 expression additively accelerates dose-dependent T cell growth. In addition to its role in T cell proliferation, TCL1 also increases IFN-gamma levels from Th1-differentiated T cells, an effect that may provide a survival advantage during premalignant T cell expansions and in clonal T cell tumors. Combined, these data indicate a role for TCL1 control of growth and effector T cell functions, paralleling features provided by TCR-CD28 costimulation. These results also provide a more detailed mechanism for TCL1-augmented signaling and help explain the delayed occurrence of mature T cell expansions and leukemias despite tumorigenic TCL1 dysregulation that begins in early thymocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia, T-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology
- Mice
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/enzymology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/enzymology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K Hoyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Gupta S, Chiplunkar S, Gupta A, Gollapudi S. Increased spontaneous, tumor necrosis factor receptor- and CD95 (Fas)-mediated apoptosis in cord blood T-cell subsets from Turner's syndrome. Genes Immun 2003; 4:239-43. [PMID: 12700600 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased spontaneous as well as TNF-alpha-induced and CD95-mediated apoptosis were observed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the cord blood of a patient with Turner's syndrome as compared to normal cord blood. Increased apoptosis was associated with an increased expression of TNFR-1, TNFR-2, and CD95L and decreased expression of cIAP1 and FLIP(L). No significant difference was observed in the expression of Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bax) between Turner's syndrome cord blood and normal cord blood lymphocytes. This study demonstrates that increased apoptosis of T-cell subsets in Turner's syndrome occurs via the death receptor pathway and may play a role in the pathogenesis of immunological defects associated with Turner's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Reichenbach J, Schubert R, Schindler D, Müller K, Böhles H, Zielen S. Elevated oxidative stress in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002; 4:465-9. [PMID: 12215213 DOI: 10.1089/15230860260196254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a pleiotropic genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, especially of cerebellar Purkinje cells, immunodeficiency, increased incidence of cancer, and premature aging. The disease is caused by functional inactivation of the ATM (AT-mutated) gene product, which is thought to act as a sensor of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules and DNA. The compound phenotype of AT might thus be linked to a continuous state of oxidative stress leading to an increase of programmed cell death (apoptosis). To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed lipid peroxidation products and the oxidative stress associated DNA base damage 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in patients with AT. Oxidative damage to lipids and DNA was found to be markedly increased in AT patients. These results indicate that ATM might play an important role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis in response to oxidative damage. In this context, a better control of levels of reactive oxygen species could be a rational foundation of therapeutic intervention to help alleviate some of the symptoms associated with AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Reichenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
One of the cornerstones of the web of signaling pathways governing cellular life and differentiation is the DNA damage response. It spans a complex network of pathways, ranging from DNA repair to modulation of numerous processes in the cell. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are formed as a result of genotoxic stress or normal recombinational processes, are extremely lethal lesions that rapidly mobilize this intricate defense system. The master controller that pilots cellular responses to DSBs is the ATM protein kinase, which turns on this network by phosphorylating key players in its various branches. ATM is the protein product of the gene mutated in the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), which is characterized by neuronal degeneration, immunodeficiency, sterility, genomic instability, cancer predisposition, and radiation sensitivity. The clinical and cellular phenotype of A-T attests to the numerous roles of ATM, on the one hand, and to the link between the DNA damage response and developmental processes on the other hand. Recent studies of this protein and its effectors, combined with a thorough investigation of animal models of A-T, have led to new insights into the mode of action of this master controller of the DNA damage response. The evidence that ATM is involved in signaling pathways other than those related to damage response, particularly ones relating to cellular growth and differentiation, reinforces the multifaceted nature of this protein, in which genome stability, developmental processes, and cancer cross paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiloh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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