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Castilhos LG, Rezer JFP, Ruchel JB, Thorstenberg ML, Jaques JADS, Schlemmer JB, Doleski PH, Rossato MF, da Silva MA, Casalli EA, da Cruz RC, Ferreira J, Athayde ML, Gonçalves JF, Leal DBR. Effect of Uncaria tomentosa extract on purinergic enzyme activities in lymphocytes of rats submitted to experimental adjuvant arthritis model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:189. [PMID: 26088322 PMCID: PMC4474424 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model of arthritis widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents, which were taken by a large number of patients worldwide, it is of great interest to investigate the therapeutic action of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Uncaria tomentosa extract. Moreover, there are no studies demonstrating the effect of U. tomentosa on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides published so far. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of U. tomentosa extract on E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in lymphocytes of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis induced rats. METHODS To evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extract on the activity of E-NTPDase and ADA in lymphocytes, the rats were submitted to an experimental adjuvant arthritis model. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated and E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities were determined. Data were analyzed by a one- or two-way ANOVA. Post hoc analyses were carried out by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS E-NTPDase activity was increased in arthritic untreated. Arthritic rats which received U. tomentosa extract, presented similar results to the control group. However, results obtained for adenosine hydrolysis by E-ADA were not altered in arthritic rats. U. tomentosa extract did not alter E-NTPDase and E-ADA activity in healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation supports the hypothesis that the increased E-NTPDase activity verified in arthritic rats might be an attempt to maintain basal levels of ATP and ADP in the extracellular medium, since the arthritis induction causes tissue damage and, consequently, large amounts of ATP are released into this milieu. Also, it highlights the possibility to use U. tomentosa extract as an adjuvant to treat arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia G Castilhos
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - João F P Rezer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jader B Ruchel
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Luiza Thorstenberg
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jeandre A dos S Jaques
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Josiane B Schlemmer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro H Doleski
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mateus F Rossato
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mariane A da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Emerson André Casalli
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Laboratório de Estudos Sobre as Alterações Celulares e Teciduais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Enzimologia Aplicada ao Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto deCiências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ritiel Corrêa da Cruz
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jamile F Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal deSanta Maria, Av. Roraima, Prédio 20 - Sala 4102, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Vincenzi F, Padovan M, Targa M, Corciulo C, Giacuzzo S, Merighi S, Gessi S, Govoni M, Borea PA, Varani K. A(2A) adenosine receptors are differentially modulated by pharmacological treatments in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their stimulation ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54195. [PMID: 23326596 PMCID: PMC3543361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptors (ARs) play a key role in the inhibition of the inflammatory process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modulation of A2AARs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after different pharmacological treatments and to investigate the effect of A2AAR stimulation in a rat model of arthritis. We investigated A2AAR density and functionality in RA progression by using a longitudinal study in RA patients before and after methotrexate (MTX), anti-TNFα agents or rituximab treatments. A2AARs were analyzed by saturation binding assays in lymphocytes from RA patients throughout the 24-month study timeframe. In an adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats we showed the efficacy of the A2AAR agonist, CGS 21680 in comparison with standard therapies by means of paw volume assessment, radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging. Arthritic-associated pain was investigated in mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests. IL-10 release following A2AAR stimulation in lymphocytes from RA patients and in serum from arthritic rats was measured. In lymphocytes obtained from RA patients, the A2AAR up-regulation was gradually reduced in function of the treatment time and the stimulation of these receptors mediated a significant increase of IL-10 production. In the same cells, CGS 21680 did not affected cell viability and did not produced cytotoxic effects. The A2AAR agonist CGS 21680 was highly effective, as suggested by the marked reduction of clinical signs, in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis and associated pain. This study highlighted that A2AAR agonists represent a physiological-like therapeutic alternative for RA treatment as suggested by the anti-inflammatory role of A2AARs in lymphocytes from RA patients. The effectiveness of A2AAR stimulation in a rat model of arthritis supported the role of A2AAR agonists as potential pharmacological treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Protective effects of indomethacin and cyclophosphamide but not of infliximab on liver metabolic changes caused by adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammation 2012; 34:519-30. [PMID: 20878352 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the study, indomethacin, cyclophosphamide, and infliximab were administered to adjuvant-induced arthritic rats to determine if they were able to prevent the abnormalities caused by arthritis on hepatic metabolism. The drugs were administered to arthritic rats, and at the clinical onset of arthritis (day 14 after adjuvant injection), the livers were perfused to evaluate gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis, oxygen uptake, L: -lactate, pyruvate, and ammonia release from L: -alanine. The effects of the drugs on body weight gain and the signs of arthritis (paw edema, appearance of secondary lesions, and weights of lymphoid tissues) were also evaluated. Cyclophosphamide could completely prevent liver metabolic changes and the inflammatory response. Indomethacin restored ureagenesis, minimized the decrease in gluconeogenesis, and exerted a partially beneficial effect on inflammatory reactions. Infliximab did not improve arthritis-induced liver metabolic alterations or inflammatory responses. These results suggest the participation of prostaglandins, but not TNF-α, on arthritis-induced liver metabolic alterations.
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Earp JC, Dubois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Quantitative dynamic models of arthritis progression in the rat. Pharm Res 2008; 26:196-203. [PMID: 18758921 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This comparison employs mathematical disease progression models to identify a rat model of arthritis with the least inter-animal variability and features lending to better study designs. METHODS Arthritis was induced with either collagen (CIA) or mycobacterium (AIA) in either Lewis or Dark Agouti (DA) rats. Disease progression was monitored by paw edema and body weight. Models with production, loss, and feedback components were constructed and population analysis using NONMEM software was employed to identify inter-animal variability in the various disease progression parameters. RESULTS Onset time was the only parameter different within all four groups (DA-AIA 11.5 days, DA-CIA 16.5 days, Lewis-AIA 11.9 days, Lewis-CIA 13.9 days). The loss-of-edema rate constant was 20% slower in DA (0.362 h(-1)) than Lewis (0.466 h(-1)) rats. Most models exhibited peak paw edema 20 days post-induction. Edema in CIA returned to 150% of the initial value after the disease peaked. DA rats displayed more severe overall responses. CONCLUSIONS No statistical differences between groups were observed for inter-animal variation in disease onset, progression and severity parameters. Onset time varies and should be noted in the design of future studies. DA rats may offer a more dynamic range of edema response than Lewis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Earp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, SUNY, 565 Hochstetter Hall, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Kim EY, Moudgil KD. Regulation of autoimmune inflammation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immunol Lett 2008; 120:1-5. [PMID: 18694783 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the initiation and propagation of autoimmune arthritis and many other disorders resulting from a dysregulated self-directed immune response. These cytokines influence the interplay among the cellular, immunological and biochemical mediators of inflammation at multiple levels. Regulation of the pro-inflammatory activity of these cytokines is generally perceived to be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-beta. However, increasing evidence is accumulating in support of the regulatory attributes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines themselves, in studies conducted in animal models of diabetes, multiple sclerosis, uveitis, and lupus. The results of our recent studies have shown that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, can suppress arthritic inflammation in rats, and also contribute to resistance against arthritis. These results are of paramount significance not only in fully understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis, but also in anticipating the full ramifications of the in vivo neutralization of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including that for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Exogenous tumour necrosis factor alpha induces suppression of autoimmune arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R38. [PMID: 18380898 PMCID: PMC3386491 DOI: 10.1186/ar2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our previous studies showed that arthritic Lewis (LEW) rats produced the highest levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α in the recovery phase of adjuvant arthritis (AA), suggesting a correlation between high TNFα levels and reduced severity of arthritis. To further explore this correlation, we compared the TNFα secretion profile of the AA-resistant Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with that of LEW rats, determined the effect of exogenous TNFα on the course of AA in LEW rats, and examined various mechanisms involved in TNFα-induced disease modulation. Methods A cohort each of LEW and WKY rats was immunised subcutaneously with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Mtb). At different time points thereafter, subgroups of rats were killed and their draining lymph node cells were tested for cytokine production. Another group of LEW rats was injected with TNFα intraperitoneally daily for a total of 10 injections, 3 before and 6 after Mtb challenge, and then observed for signs of AA. In parallel, TNFα-treated rats were examined for changes in other cytokines, in CD4+CD25+ T cell frequency, and in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA expression levels. Results LEW rats displayed a TNFα secretion profile that was opposite to that of the WKY rats. Furthermore, TNFα treatment significantly downmodulated the severity of AA in LEW rats, and decreased the interferon (IFN)-γ secretion in response to the pathogenic determinant of the disease-related antigen. No significant alterations were observed in other parameters tested. Conclusion The role of endogenous TNFα in the induction and propagation of arthritis is well established. However, exogenous TNFα can downmodulate the course of AA, displaying an immunoregulatory functional attribute of this cytokine.
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