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Dai L, Zhang D, Qian Y, Wan Y, Chang S, Qian H. STAT6 rs324015 Gene Polymorphism Increases Ulcerative Colitis Risk: A Case-Control Study. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:101-107. [PMID: 33500651 PMCID: PMC7826160 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s271327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in the colonic epithelium is elevated in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and its inhibition prevents IL-13-associated apoptosis and barrier disruption. Recently, the STAT6 rs324015 polymorphism was reported to be related to genetic susceptibility to UC. Methods We examined STAT6 rs324015 using the PCR–RFLP method in 268 UC cases and 357 controls. STAT6 expression was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The gene–environment interactions were addressed by cross-over analysis. Results We found that the STAT6 rs324015 polymorphism enhanced the risk of UC under the homozygous, dominant, and allelic models. Further subgroup analyses indicated that this relationship was more evident in alcohol users, smokers, and those younger than 40 years. Cross-over analysis showed strong interactions of STAT6 rs324015 with smoking/alcohol use. In addition, this polymorphism was associated with the severity, and location of UC. The GG genotype was significantly associated with increased STAT6 gene levels. Conclusion In summary, the STAT6 rs324015 polymorphism is related with predisposition to UC in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Dai
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yemin Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cordes F, Foell D, Ding JN, Varga G, Bettenworth D. Differential regulation of JAK/STAT-signaling in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4055-4075. [PMID: 32821070 PMCID: PMC7403801 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, the pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC, it failed in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This finding strongly hints at a different contribution of JAK signaling in both entities. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, we provide a detailed overview of the differences and similarities of JAK/STAT-signaling in UC and CD, highlight the impact of the JAK/STAT pathway in experimental colitis models and summarize the published evidence on JAK/STAT-signaling in immune cells of IBD as well as the genetic association between the JAK/STAT pathway and IBD. Finally, we describe novel treatment strategies targeting JAK/STAT inhibition in UC and CD and comment on the limitations and challenges of the new drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - John Nik Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne 3002, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Georg Varga
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
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Delgado-Ramirez Y, Colly V, Gonzalez GV, Leon-Cabrera S. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 as a target in colon cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:455-464. [PMID: 32565970 PMCID: PMC7285805 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a member of the STAT family of proteins that serve key roles in the initiation of tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. STAT6 is highly expressed in several types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, prostate and colorectal cancer. STAT6 transduces signals in response to the binding of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 to their receptors and regulates the expression of genes involved in the immune response, cell survival, tumor proliferation and metastasis. Patients with colorectal cancer exhibit high STAT6 activity in the colonic epithelium, and STAT6 expression is associated with lower survival rates, lymph node metastasis, changes in the epithelial barrier function and alterations in the inflammatory response. A number of studies investigating experimental models and cancer cell lines have revealed that STAT6 is associated with tumor growth and development, as well as with increased invasion and metastasis, suggesting that STAT6 inhibition may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in colon cancer. The present review summarizes the evidence with regard to the implications of STAT6 in cancer biology and the direct and indirect effects on colon tumor transformation. Furthermore, the current treatment strategies targeting the IL-4/IL-13/STAT6 axis in colon cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Delgado-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Oncoimmunology, Biomedical Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico
| | - Vaneesa Colly
- Laboratory of Oncoimmunology, Biomedical Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico.,Medical School, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Villanueva Gonzalez
- Medical School, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico
| | - Sonia Leon-Cabrera
- Laboratory of Oncoimmunology, Biomedical Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico.,Medical School, Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Mexico
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4
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Goswami R, Kaplan M. STAT Transcription Factors in T Cell Control of Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:123-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chua KH, Ng JG, Ng CC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, Kee BP. Association of NOD1, CXCL16, STAT6 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1843. [PMID: 27069792 PMCID: PMC4824893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a prominent type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. CD is known to have higher prevalence in the Western countries, but the number of cases has been increasing in the past decades in Asia, including Malaysia. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the underlining causes of CD that may shed light on its prevention and treatment. In this study, genetic polymorphisms in NOD1 (rs2075820), CXCL16 (rs2277680), STAT6 (rs324015) and TLR4 (rs4986791) genes were examined in a total of 335 individuals (85 CD patients and 250 healthy controls) with PCR-RFLP approach. There was no significant association observed between NOD1 rs2075820 and STAT6 rs324015 with the onset of CD in the studied cohort. However, the G allele of CXCL16 rs2277680 was found to have a weak association with CD patients (P = 0.0482; OR = 1.4310). The TLR4 rs4986791 was also significantly associated to CD. Both the homozygous C genotype (P = 0.0029; OR = 0.3611) and C allele (P = 0.0069; OR = 0.4369) were observed to confer protection against CD. On the other hand, the heterozygous C/T genotype was a risk genotype (P = 0.0015; OR = 3.1392). Further ethnic-stratified analysis showed that the significant associations in CXCL16 rs2277680 and TLR4 rs4986791 were accounted by the Malay cohort. In conclusion, the present study reported two CD-predisposing loci in the Malay CD patients. However, these loci were not associated to the onset of CD in Chinese and Indian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jin Guan Ng
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ching Ching Ng
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ida Hilmi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Boon Pin Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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D'Alessio S, Correale C, Tacconi C, Gandelli A, Pietrogrande G, Vetrano S, Genua M, Arena V, Spinelli A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Fiocchi C, Danese S. VEGF-C-dependent stimulation of lymphatic function ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3863-78. [PMID: 25105363 DOI: 10.1172/jci72189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) of unknown etiology that are associated with an aberrant mucosal immune response. Neoangiogenesis and vascular injury are observed in IBD along with increased lymphangiogenesis. While the pathogenic role of angiogenesis in IBD is well characterized, it is not clear how or if increased lymphangiogenesis promotes disease. Here, we determined that enhancing lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function reduces experimental IBD. Specifically, we demonstrated that adenoviral induction of prolymphangiogenic factor VEGF-C provides marked protection against the development of acute and chronic colitis in 2 different animal models. VEGF-C-dependent protection was observed in combination with increased inflammatory cell mobilization and bacterial antigen clearance from the inflamed colon to the draining lymph nodes. Moreover, we found that the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway regulates macrophage (MΦ) plasticity and activation both in cultured MΦs and in vivo, imparting a hybrid M1-M2 phenotype. The protective function of VEGF-C was meditated by the so-called resolving MΦs during chronic experimental colitis in a STAT6-dependent manner. Together, these findings shed light on the contribution of lymphatics to the pathogenesis of gut inflammation and suggest that correction of defective lymphatic function with VEGF-C has potential as a therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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7
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Darsigny M, St-Jean S, Boudreau F. Cux1 transcription factor is induced in inflammatory bowel disease and protects against experimental colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1739-50. [PMID: 20848487 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cux1 is a ubiquitous transcriptional factor that has been associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Cux1 is an effector of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway, PAR(2) receptor signaling, and cellular migration, mechanisms intimately related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS CD1 mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water and cultured intestinal epithelial cells were used to determine Cux1 expression under inflammatory conditions. A commercial cDNA library was used to monitor CUX1 expression in IBD patients. The Cux1(ΔHD/ΔHD) hypomorphic mouse model (Cux1ΔHD) treated with DSS in drinking water was used and the disease severity assessed. RESULTS Cux1 expression increased in cultured intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in the mouse intestinal epithelium during experimental colitis and in human IBD patient samples. DSS-induced colitis in Cux1ΔHD mice was more severe according to clinical observations such as weight loss, colon length, and rectal bleeding. Histological observations confirmed an increase of IBD-related morphological changes including ulceration and mucosal infiltration of leukocytes in Cux1ΔHD mice. An increased number of pSer(276)-RelA-positive cells and higher expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also measured in the colon of Cux1ΔHD diseased animals. Elevated levels of Cxcl1 were measured before and after DSS-treatment and a greater neutrophilic infiltration was quantified in DSS-treated Cux1ΔHD mice. Finally, mucosal healing was significantly impaired in Cux1ΔHD mice during recovery from DSS treatment. CONCLUSIONS CUX1 is increased in response to inflammatory stress and its nuclear expression is crucial to protect against DSS-induced colitis and subsequent mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Darsigny
- Département d'Anatomie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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8
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Li Y, Xia B, Lü M, Ge L, Zhang X. MICB0106 gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in central China. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:153-9. [PMID: 19662431 PMCID: PMC2803256 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly polymorphic nonclassical MHC class I chain-related genes A and B (MICA and MICB) encode stress-inducible glycoproteins expressed on various epithelial cells including intestinal epithelial cells. MICA and MICB gene polymorphisms and expressions are associated with autoimmune diseases but not known in ulcerative colitis (UC). AIMS To investigate the association of MICB exon 2-4 polymorphisms and soluble MICA (sMICA) expression with the susceptibility of UC in central China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood. The allele frequencies of MICB exon 2-4 were genotyped in 105 UC patients and 213 healthy controls by PCR single-stranded conformation polymorphism method. Thirty-two patients and 32 controls were selected for determining serum sMICA expression by ELISA. RESULTS Allele frequency of MICB0106 was significantly higher in UC patients than in healthy controls (19.0% vs. 8.9%, corrected P (Pc) = 0.0006), especially in patients with extensive colitis (24.4% vs. 8.9%, Pc = 0.0006), moderate and severe disease (24.1% vs. 8.9%, Pc = 0.0006), extraintestinal manifestations (20.5% vs. 8.9%, Pc = 0.012), male patients (22.1% vs. 8.0%, Pc = 0.006), and patients over the age of 40 years (28.8% vs. 8.3%, Pc = 0.0006). The sMICA level was significantly higher in UC than in healthy controls (604.41 +/- 480.43 pg/ml vs. 175.37 +/- 28.31 pg/ml, P = 0.0001) but not associated with the MICB0106 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, MICB0106 allele was positively associated with UC in the Han Chinese in central China. sMICA was highly expressed in UC but not associated with the MICB0106 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases and Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases and Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases and Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases and Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases and Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two similar yet distinct conditions called ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). These diseases affect the digestive system and cause the inflammation of intestinal tissue, form sores and bleed easily. Most children with IBD are diagnosed in late childhood and adolescence. However, both UC and CD have been reported as early as in infancy. Most information pertaining to the epidemiology of IBD is based upon adult studies. Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, fatigue and diarrhea. Genetic factors play a significant role in determining IBD susceptibility. Epidemiological data support a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD. Recently, numerous new genes have been identified as being involved in the genetic susceptibility to IBD: TNF-308A, CARD15 (NOD2), MIF-173, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), NKG2D (natural killer cell 2D), STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4), MICA-MICB (major histocompatibility complex A and B), HLA-DRB1, HLA class-II, IL-18, IL-4, MICA-A5, CD14, TLR4, Fas-670, p53 and NF-κB. The characterization of these novel genes has the potential to identify therapeutic agents and aid clinical assessment of phenotype and prognosis in patients with IBD (UC and CD).
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Meijer MJW, Mieremet-Ooms MAC, van Hogezand RA, Lamers CBHW, Hommes DW, Verspaget HW. Role of matrix metalloproteinase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and tumor necrosis factor-α single nucleotide gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2960-6. [PMID: 17589947 PMCID: PMC4171149 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i21.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the (functional) relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, -2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), that may enhance susceptibility and/or disease severity.
METHODS: Genomic DNA from 134 Crohn’s disease (CD), 111 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 248 control subjects was isolated from resected intestinal tissue or blood. Allelic composition at SNP loci was determined by PCR-RFLP or tetra primer ARMS PCR.
RESULTS: The TIMP-1 genotype TT in women and T in men at SNP +372 T/C was found to increase CD susceptibility (39% vs 23.8%, P = 0.018 and 67.9% vs 51.6%, P = 0.055, respectively), while women with this genotype were less prone to development of fistulae during follow-up (41.4% vs 68.3%, P = 0.025). Male IBD or CD patients carrying the TIMP-1 +372 T-allele expressed lower levels of TIMP-1 in surgically resected macroscopically inflamed tissue (0.065 < P < 0.01). The 5T5T genotype at MMP-3 SNP -1613 5T/6T increased the chance of stenotic complications in CD during follow-up (91.2% vs 71.8%, P = 0.022) but seemed to protect against colonic involvement of this disease at first endoscopic/radiologic examination (35.3% vs 59.5%, P = 0.017).
CONCLUSION: Allelic composition at the examined SNPs in genes coding for TIMP-1 and MMP-3 affect CD susceptibility and/or phenotype, i.e., fistulizing disease, stricture pathogenesis and first disease localisation. These findings reinforce the important role of these proteins in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J W Meijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chen W, Khurana Hershey GK. Signal transducer and activator of transcription signals in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:529-41; quiz 542-3. [PMID: 17336608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are a group of transcription factors that transmit signals from the extracellular milieu of cells to the nucleus. They are crucial for the signaling of many cytokines that are mediators of allergic inflammation and impact various cell types critical to allergy including epithelial cells, mast cells, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Dysregulation of STAT signaling has been implicated in allergic disease, highlighting the importance of these ubiquitous molecules in allergic inflammation and the potential of these pathways as a target for therapeutic intervention. This review will summarize the current understanding of the roles of STAT signaling in allergic disease and the potential of targeting STATs for the treatment of allergic disorders, emphasizing recent observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Bhanoori M, Deenadayal M, Kennedy S, Shivaji S. The G2964A 3'-untranslated region polymorphism of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene is associated with endometriosis in South Indian women. Hum Reprod 2007; 22:1026-30. [PMID: 17213269 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to test whether the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene influences the risk of developing endometriosis. METHODS The single-nucleotide polymorphism, G2964A, in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the STAT6 gene was tested for association in a case-control study of 232 affected women and 210 women with no evidence of disease. All the women were infertile, ascertained from the same infertility clinic and of South Indian origin. The genotype frequencies of this polymorphism were compared using PCR and sequencing analysis. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the genotype distributions (P = 0.002) and allele frequencies (P = 0.0002) between the cases and controls, according to codominant, dominant and recessive genotype models. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time an association between the STAT6 G2964A 3'-UTR polymorphism and endometriosis in South Indian women. This finding suggests that STAT6 may contribute to disease susceptibility in endometriosis, which carries an extra interest as the gene lies in a region which has been implicated, albeit weakly, in a previous genomewide scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Bhanoori
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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Zhu J, Xia B, Guo Q, Cheng H, Li J, Ye M, Hu Z, Zhang X, Tan J. Distribution of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene G2964A polymorphism in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1854-7. [PMID: 17074026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene is located on chromosome 12q13.3-14.1 just within the IBD2 region and is a key transcription factor involved in interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13-mediated Th2 response. The aim of the present study was to determine distribution of the STAT6 gene polymorphism in Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS The G2964A polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the STAT6 gene was studied in 84 unrelated Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis and 176 healthy controls by PCR and the amplification created restriction site method. The results were then compared with those from a Dutch study published previously. RESULT Significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the STAT6 G2964A polymorphism were not found between patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. Subgroups of the patients with ulcerative colitis classified according to the age at onset, sex and location of disease did not differ significantly in the distribution of this polymorphism. However, the genotypes (P < 0.0001, chi-squared = 75.332) and allele frequencies (P < 0.0001, odds ratio = 4.298, 95% confidence interval = 3.070-6.018) were significantly different between the Chinese and Dutch populations. CONCLUSION The STAT6 G2964A polymorphism is not involved in the genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China
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van Bodegraven AA, Curley CR, Hunt KA, Monsuur AJ, Linskens RK, Onnie CM, Crusius JBA, Annese V, Latiano A, Silverberg MS, Bitton A, Fisher SA, Steinhart AH, Forbes A, Sanderson J, Prescott NJ, Strachan DP, Playford RJ, Mathew CG, Wijmenga C, Daly MJ, Rioux JD, van Heel DA. Genetic variation in myosin IXB is associated with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:1768-74. [PMID: 17087940 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Common germline genetic variation in the 3' region of myosin IXB (MYO9B) has been associated recently with susceptibility to celiac disease, with a hypothesis that MYO9B variants might influence intestinal permeability. These findings suggested the current study investigating a possible further role for MYO9B variation in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to tag common haplotypes from the 35-kb 3' region of MYO9B. These included the strongest celiac disease-associated variants reported in a Dutch cohort. These SNPs were studied in 3 independently collected and genotyped case-control cohorts of European descent (UK, Dutch, and Canadian/Italian), comprising in total 2717 inflammatory bowel disease patients (1197 with Crohn's disease, 1520 with ulcerative colitis) and 4440 controls. RESULTS Common variation in MYO9B was associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in all 3 cohorts examined (most associated SNP, rs1545620; meta-analysis P = 1.9 x 10(-6); odds ratio, 1.2), with the same alleles showing association as reported for celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS MYO9B genetic variants predispose to inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, rs1545620 is a nonsynonymous variant leading to an amino acid change (Ala1011Ser) in the third calmodulin binding IQ domain of MYO9B. Unlike previous variants (in other genes) reported to predispose to inflammatory bowel disease, the association at MYO9B was considerably stronger with ulcerative colitis, although weaker association with Crohn's disease also was observed. These data imply shared causal mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Lü M, Xia B, Li J, Ye M, Zhang X, Tan Q. MICB microsatellite polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Chinese population. Clin Immunol 2006; 120:199-204. [PMID: 16679067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I-related molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) are stress-inducible cell surface antigens that are recognized by immunocytes bearing the receptor NKG2D, including intestinal epithelial Vdelta1 gammadelta T cells, which may play a role in immunological reaction in intestinal mucosa. The present study was aimed to investigate the association of the microsatellite polymorphisms in the intron 1 of MICB and the MICA-MICB haplotype with the susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese population. The microsatellite polymorphisms of MICB were genotyped in unrelated 127 Chinese patients with UC and 193 ethnically matched healthy controls by a semiautomatic fluorescently labeled PCR method. All the subjects were the Chinese with Han nationality. The frequency of MICB-CA18 was significantly higher in UC patients compared with the healthy controls (14.0% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.0016, Pc = 0.024, OR = 2.637, 95%CI: 1.443-4.820) and was increased in the female patients compared with the female healthy controls (18.3% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.0006, Pc = 0.0080, OR = 5.224, 95%CI: 1.940-14.069). Thus, MICB-CA18 is positively associated with UC and female UC patients in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lü
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, and Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, PR China
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16
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Ding Y, Xia B, Lü M, Zhang Y, Li J, Ye M, Luo H, Yu J, Zhang X, Tan J. MHC class I chain-related gene A-A5.1 allele is associated with ulcerative colitis in Chinese population. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142:193-8. [PMID: 16178876 PMCID: PMC1809485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human MHC class I chain-related gene A (MICA) plays a role in regulating protective responses by intestinal epithelial Vdelta1 gamma delta T cells and the polymorphism of MICA were reported to be related to several autoimmune diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the microsatellite polymorphisms of TM region of MICA gene with the susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese population. The microsatellite polymorphisms of the MICA were genotyped in unrelated 86 Chinese patients with UC and 172 ethnically matched healthy controls by a semiautomatic fluorenscently labelled PCR method. All the subjects were the Chinese with Han nationality. The frequency of MICA-A5.1 homozygous genotype and A5.1 allele were significantly increased in UC patients compared with healthy controls (22.1%versus 7%, P = 0.0009, Pc = 0.0126, OR = 3.781, 95%CI: 1.738-8.225 and 30.2%versus 17.4%, P = 0.0014, Pc = 0.007, OR = 2.051, 95%CI: 1.336-3.148, respectively). Adjusted the effects of gender and age at onset, MICA-A5.1 homozygous genotype and A5.1 allele were also increased in the UC patients. Moreover MICA-A5.1 allele was significantly increased in frequency in the female UC patients (38.2%versus 21.0%, P = 0.0095, Pc = 0.0475, OR = 2.326, 95%CI: 1.234-4.382). Logistic regression analysis also revealed that gender was independently associated with UC patients carried MICA-A5.1 allele (P = 0.046, OR (male) = 0.511, 95% CI: 0.264-0.987). Although the UC patients with extensive colitis (32.5%versus 17.4% in the healthy controls, P = 0.005, Pc = 0.025) and the UC patients with extraintestinal manifestations (36%versus 17.4% in the healthy controls, P = 0.0039, Pc = 0.0195) were more likely to carry the MICA-A5.1 allele, EIMs was associated with extent of disease (P < 0.0001, OR (with EIMs) = 3.511, 95% CI 1.747-7.056) and MICA-A5.1 allele was not associated with UC patients with extensive colitis or with EIMs in the logistic regression analysis. Therefore, the MICA-A5.1 homozygous genotype and A5.1 allele were closely associated with UC and the MICA-A5.1 allele was positively associated with the female UC patients in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhan
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
- Department of Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhan
| | - Min Lü
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhan
| | - Jieping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University School of MedicineWuhan
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Research Centre of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan HospitalPeoples Republic of China
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Elrod JW, Laroux FS, Houghton J, Carpenter A, Ando T, Jennings MH, Grisham M, Walker N, Alexander JS. DSS-induced colitis is exacerbated in STAT-6 knockout mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11:883-9. [PMID: 16189417 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000182871.76434.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several transcription factors have been proposed to regulate IBD including the signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6). METHODS The role of STAT-6 was examined in the 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine model of colitis using STAT-6 and wildtype mice. RESULTS The disease activity index (DAI) revealed a significant increase in DAI in STAT-6 mice over STAT-6 mice given DSS. Both STAT-6 and wildtype mice displayed severe inflammation and crypt damage. Additionally, STAT-6 mice showed significant injury to the proximal colon compared with their littermate controls. Furthermore, STAT-6 mice receiving DSS had dramatically higher levels of serum nitrite/nitrate than all other groups. STAT-6 animals also displayed higher levels of inteferon-gamma than wildtype mice. CONCLUSIONS Because STAT-6 has been reported to regulate the expression and activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), our data suggest that, in DSS colitis, STAT-6 may modulate iNOS, to limit NO formation and control the extent of inflammation in the colon. We conclude that STAT-6 may normally play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, possibly through modulation of iNOS and interferon-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Elrod
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, 71130, USA
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Klein W, Tromm A, Folwaczny C, Hagedorn M, Duerig N, Epplen J, Schmiegel W, Griga T. The G2964A polymorphism of the STAT6 gene in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37:159-61. [PMID: 15888279 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Linkage of inflammatory bowel diseases to chromosome 12p13.2-q24.1 (IBD2) has been confirmed in several genome wide screens. The STAT6 gene is located within this chromosomal region. The transcription factor STAT6 is involved in the regulation of the TH1/TH2 immune response. Increased production of TH1 cytokines is crucial in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Therefore, we genotyped a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the STAT6 gene (G2964A) in 243 patients with Crohn's disease, 100 patients with ulcerative colitis and 548 healthy controls. RESULTS In comparison to controls, the G allele and the GG genotype frequencies were significantly increased only in Crohn's disease patients without a variation in the CARD15 gene (p<0.03 and p<0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the STAT6 pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of distinct subgroups of patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Whilst the importance of mutations in a wide range of keratins in skin fragility disorders is now well established, there is much less evidence for simple epithelial keratin involvement in disease. Some simple epithelial keratin mutations have been reported in liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis patients, and recently mutations in the simple epithelial keratin K8 were identified in a group of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis). In comparison with the mutations seen in epidermal keratins, these simple epithelial mutations would be predicted to have mild consequences, although analysis shows that they do have a distinct effect. This review article discusses the evidence that these mutations are a predisposing factor for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Owens
- Cancer Research UK Cell Structure Research Group, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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21
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Lu KC, Dietz DW. The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2004. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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de Jong DJ, Drenth JPH. Absence of an association of the IBD2 locus gene keratin 8 and inflammatory bowel disease in a large genetic association study. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36:380-3. [PMID: 15248376 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J de Jong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Büning C, Halangk J, Dignass A, Ockenga J, Deindl P, Nickel R, Genschel J, Landt O, Lochs H, Schmidt H, Witt H. Keratin 8 Y54H and G62C mutations are not associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36:388-91. [PMID: 15248378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratin 8 is a major component of intermediate filaments in single-layered epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. Keratin 8 deficient mice display signs of colitis and diarrhoea characteristic for inflammatory bowel disease. Very recently, two keratin 8 mutations, Y54H and G62C, were identified. AIMS We investigated if these keratin 8 missense mutations were associated with inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS In total, 217 German patients with Crohn' s disease, 131 German patients with ulcerative colitis, and 560 German control subjects were enrolled in this study. METHODS Samples were analysed by PCR amplification and subsequent melting curve analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. RESULTS The G62C mutation was detected in five (2.3%) patients presenting with Crohn's disease and in three (2.3%) with ulcerative colitis. In comparison, 9 (1.6%) out of 560 controls were heterozygous for this mutation. No patient or control was homozygous for this mutation. Patients carrying one mutant allele did not show any noticeable characteristics in their corresponding phenotype. In contrast, the Y54H mutation was observed in neither any of the 348 patients with inflammatory bowel disease nor in any control subject. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that both keratin 8 mutations, G62C and Y54H, do not play a relevant pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Büning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Campus Mitte, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Barmada MM, Brant SR, Nicolae DL, Achkar JP, Panhuysen CI, Bayless TM, Cho JH, Duerr RH. A genome scan in 260 inflammatory bowel disease-affected relative pairs. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004; 10:15-22. [PMID: 15058521 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200401000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a new genome scan in 260 IBD-affected relative pairs from 139 families that we have recruited since our previous IBD genome scans were performed. The goal of our study was to determine whether we could extend the linkage evidence in any of the more than 20 regions with nominal evidence for linkage to IBD in previous individual genome scans in order to prioritize regions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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