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Ghoshouni H, Rafiei N, Yazdan Panah M, Dehghani Firouzabadi D, Mahmoudi F, Asghariahmadabad M, Shaygannejad V, Mirmosayyeb O. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 85:105546. [PMID: 38507873 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that multiple sclerosis (MS) has an impact on the initiation or the course of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review amied to investigate the prevalence and odds of asthma and COPD among people with MS (pwMS). METHOD PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systemically searched from inception to May 2023. R version 4.3.2 and random-effect model were used to calculate the pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR), with their 95 % confidence interval (CI), in pwMS. RESULTS A total of 40 studies consisting of 287,702 pwMS were included. 37 studies indicated that the pooled prevalences of asthma and COPD among pwMS were 5.97 % (95 % CI: 4.62 %-7.69 %, I2=99 %) and 3.03 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %-5.00 %, I2=99 %), respectively. 24 studies on 236,469 pwMS and 85,328,673 healthy controls revealed that the overall odds of asthma and COPD in MS were 1.14 (95 % CI: 0.76-1.71, p-value=0.53, I2=97 %) and 1.28 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.47, p-value<0.01, I2=70 %), respectively. CONCLUSION MS can increased the risk of developing COPD, while asthma does not exhibit a significant relationship with MS. Our study highlights the importance of identifying pwMS who face greater risks of respiratory issues to monitor efficiently and initiate suitable preventative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghoshouni
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Rafiei
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yazdan Panah
- Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Mahmoudi
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mona Asghariahmadabad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Sharma R, Tiwari A, Kho AT, Wang AL, Srivastava U, Piparia S, Desai B, Wong R, Celedón JC, Peters SP, Smith LJ, Irvin CG, Castro M, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG, McGeachie MJ. Circulating MicroRNAs associated with Bronchodilator Response in Childhood Asthma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3101724. [PMID: 37461659 PMCID: PMC10350209 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3101724/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Bronchodilator response (BDR) is a measure of improvement in airway smooth muscle tone, inhibition of liquid accumulation and mucus section into the lumen in response to short-acting beta-2 agonists that varies among asthmatic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-translational regulators. Identifying miRNAs associated with BDR could lead to a better understanding of the underlying complex pathophysiology. Objective The purpose of this study is to identify circulating miRNAs associated with bronchodilator response in asthma and decipher possible mechanism of bronchodilator response variation. Methods We used available small RNA sequencing on blood serum from 1,134 asthmatic children aged 6 to 14 years who participated in the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS). We filtered the participants into high and low bronchodilator response (BDR) quartiles and used DeSeq2 to identify miRNAs with differential expression (DE) in high (N= 277) vs low (N= 278) BDR group. Replication was carried out in the Leukotriene modifier Or Corticosteroids or Corticosteroid-Salmeterol trial (LOCCS), an adult asthma cohort. The putative target genes of DE miRNAs were identified, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Results We identified 10 down-regulated miRNAs having odds ratios (OR) between 0.37 and 0.76 for a doubling of miRNA counts and one up-regulated miRNA (OR=2.26) between high and low BDR group. These were assessed for replication in the LOCCS cohort, where two miRNAs (miR-200b-3p and miR-1246) were associated. Further, functional annotation of 11 DE miRNAs were performed as well as of two replicated miRs. Target genes of these miRs were enriched in regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBPs, ESR-mediated signaling, G1/S transition, RHO GTPase cycle, and signaling by TGFB family pathways. Conclusion MiRNAs miR-1246 and miR-200b-3p are associated with both childhood and adult asthma BDR. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that miRNAs play a significant role in the difference of asthma treatment response among patients as it points to genomic regulatory machinery underlying difference in bronchodilator response among patients. Trial registration LOCCS cohort [ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00156819], GACRS cohort [ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00021840].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Sharma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Alvin T Kho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | - Brinda Desai
- University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Richard Wong
- University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital
| | - Juan C Celedón
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott T Weiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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3
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Milagro J, Soto-Retes L, Giner J, Varon C, Laguna P, Bailón R, Plaza V, Gil E. Asthmatic subjects stratification using autonomic nervous system information. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pharmacogenetic Polygenic Risk Score for Bronchodilator Response in Children and Adolescents with Asthma: Proof-of-Concept. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040319. [PMID: 33923870 PMCID: PMC8073919 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of response to asthma medications have primarily focused on Caucasian populations, with findings that may not be generalizable to minority populations. We derived a polygenic risk score (PRS) for response to albuterol as measured by bronchodilator response (BDR), and examined the PRS in a cohort of Hispanic school-aged children with asthma. We leveraged a published GWAS of BDR to identify relevant genetic variants, and ranked the top variants according to their Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores. Variants with CADD scores greater than 10 were used to compute the PRS. Once we derived the PRS, we determined the association of the PRS with BDR in a cohort of Hispanic children with asthma (the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS)) in adjusted linear regression models. Mean BDR in GACRS participants was5.6% with a standard deviation of 10.2%. We observed a 0.63% decrease in BDR in response to albuterol for a standard deviation increase in the PRS (p = 0.05). We also observed decreased odds of a BDR response at or above the 12% threshold for a one standard deviation increase in the PRS (OR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.95)). Our findings show that combining variants from a pharmacogenetic GWAS into a PRS may be useful for predicting medication response in asthma.
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5
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Wang Y, Du J, Jin H, Liao Y. Comorbidity of Neurally Mediated Syncope and Allergic Disease in Children. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1865. [PMID: 32983103 PMCID: PMC7485378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) is the most common underlying disease of pediatric syncope, which generally includes vasovagal syncope (VVS), postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and situational syncope. Allergic diseases involving the respiratory system, digestive system, skin, and other systems are prevalent in children. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to children with the comorbidity of NMS and allergic diseases. This article reviews the featured clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of the comorbidity according to the progress of related studies. Clinical studies have shown that the comorbidity rate of pediatric VVS and/or POTS with allergic diseases amounts to ~30-40%, referring to the whole population of children with VVS and/or POTS. Additionally, children with the comorbidity present some relatively special clinical characteristics. A series of mechanisms or regulatory factors relating to allergies, such as the imbalance of vasoactive elements, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), and autoimmunity may play a role in the development of the comorbidity. Moreover, 90% of children with cough syncope, a type of situational syncope, have a history of asthma, indicating a potential relationship between asthma and NMS. Further studies exploring the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of the comorbidity are still needed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of children with NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Paciência I, Rufo JC, Silva D, Martins C, Mendes F, Rama T, Rodolfo A, Madureira J, Delgado L, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Padrão P, Moreira P, Severo M, Pina MF, Teixeira JP, Barros H, Ruokolainen L, Haahtela T, Moreira A. School environment associates with lung function and autonomic nervous system activity in children: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15156. [PMID: 31641175 PMCID: PMC6805928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are in contact with local environments, which may affect respiratory symptoms and allergic sensitization. We aimed to assess the effect of the environment and the walkability surrounding schools on lung function, airway inflammation and autonomic nervous system activity. Data on 701 children from 20 primary schools were analysed. Lung function, airway inflammation and pH from exhaled breath condensate were measured. Pupillometry was performed to evaluate autonomic activity. Land use composition and walkability index were quantified within a 500 m buffer zone around schools. The proportion of effects explained by the school environment was measured by mixed-effect models. We found that green school areas tended to be associated with higher lung volumes (FVC, FEV1 and FEF25–75%) compared with built areas. FVC was significantly lower in-built than in green areas. After adjustment, the school environment explained 23%, 34% and 99.9% of the school effect on FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75%, respectively. The walkability of school neighbourhoods was negatively associated with both pupil constriction amplitude and redilatation time, explaining −16% to 18% of parasympathetic and 8% to 29% of sympathetic activity. Our findings suggest that the environment surrounding schools has an effect on the lung function of its students. This effect may be partially mediated by the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), Porto, Portugal. .,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rama
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodolfo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Pina
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Health Communication and Information Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ICICT/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Environmental Health Department, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - André Moreira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:633. [PMID: 31620088 PMCID: PMC6760024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the preceding work, a hypothesis on the existence of a specific neural plasticity program from sympathetic fibers innervating secondary lymphoid organs was introduced. This proposed adaptive mechanism would involve segmental retraction and degeneration of noradrenergic terminals during the immune system (IS) activation followed by regeneration once the IS returns to the steady-state. Starting from such view, this second part presents clinical and experimental evidence allowing to envision that this sympathetic neural plasticity mechanism is also operative on inflamed non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Importantly, the sympathetic nervous system regulates most of the physiological bodily functions, ranging from cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro-intestinal functions to endocrine and metabolic ones, among others. Thus, it seems sensible to think that compensatory programs should be put into place during inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues as well, to avoid the possible detrimental consequences of a sympathetic blockade. Nevertheless, in many pathological scenarios like severe sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, or maladaptive immune responses, such compensatory programs against noradrenergic transmission impairment would fail to develop. This would lead to a manifest sympathetic dysfunction in the above-mentioned settings, partly accounting for their underlying pathophysiological basis; which is also discussed. The physiological/teleological significance for the whole neural plasticity process is postulated, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bottasso
- Departments of Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina
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8
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Sordillo JE, McGeachie M, Lutz SM, Lasky-Su J, Tantisira K, Tsai CH, Dahlin A, Kelly R, Wu AC. Longitudinal analysis of bronchodilator response in asthmatics and effect modification of age-related trends by genotype. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:158-164. [PMID: 30585438 PMCID: PMC6818258 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified genetic polymorphisms associated with bronchodilator response (BDR), but it is unknown how these associations change across life stages. We examined the impact of genetic variants on BDR from childhood to adulthood in asthmatics to uncover potential effect modification by age. METHODS We searched the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) catalog of published GWAS to obtain a list of genetic associations with BDR, and tested them for effect modification by age in 604 subjects from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), a clinical trial with longitudinal measures of BDR (age range 5-30 years). We performed longitudinal analyses using linear mixed models and visualized longitudinal changes in BDR using generalized additive models with repeated measures, adjusting for treatment group, sex, and main effects of age and additive genotype. RESULTS Increasing age was associated with decreased BDR (-0.24% per year). Polymorphisms rs295137 (T allele) near SPATS2L and rs2626393 (C allele) near ASB3 demonstrated their strongest associations with BDR in early childhood through adolescence, with a large decrease in their magnitude of effect from adolescence onward. The effect estimate for % BDR associated with rs295137 genotype (Beta = 1.3; 95%CI 0.6-2.1) was diminished by age (interaction term = -0.06, P = 0.004). The effect estimate for rs2626393 (Beta = -0.92 (95%CI -1.7 to -0.2) was also modified by age (interaction term = 0.05, P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms associated with BDR in childhood may not be relevant for predicting adolescent and adult BDR, which could reflect age-related changes in asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Sordillo
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ching Hui Tsai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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9
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Spear ML, Hu D, Pino-Yanes M, Huntsman S, Eng C, Levin AM, Ortega VE, White MJ, McGarry ME, Thakur N, Galanter J, Mak ACY, Oh SS, Ampleford E, Peters SP, Davis A, Kumar R, Farber HJ, Meade K, Avila PC, Serebrisky D, Lenoir MA, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Cintron WR, Thyne SM, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Ford JG, Chapela R, Estrada AM, Sandoval K, Seibold MA, Winkler CA, Bleecker ER, Myers DA, Williams LK, Hernandez RD, Torgerson DG, Burchard EG. A genome-wide association and admixture mapping study of bronchodilator drug response in African Americans with asthma. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:249-259. [PMID: 30206298 PMCID: PMC6414286 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonists (SABAs) are the most commonly prescribed asthma medications worldwide. Response to SABAs is measured as bronchodilator drug response (BDR), which varies among racial/ethnic groups in the U.S1, 2. However, the genetic variation that contributes to BDR is largely undefined in African Americans with asthma3. To identify genetic variants that may contribute to differences in BDR in African Americans with asthma, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BDR in 949 African American children with asthma, genotyped with the Axiom World Array 4 (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) followed by imputation using 1000 Genomes phase III genotypes. We used linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and genetic ancestry to test for an association between BDR and genotype at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To increase power and distinguish between shared vs. population-specific associations with BDR in children with asthma, we performed a meta-analysis across 949 African Americans and 1,830 Latinos (Total=2,779). Lastly, we performed genome-wide admixture mapping to identify regions whereby local African or European ancestry is associated with BDR in African Americans. We identified a population-specific association with an intergenic SNP on chromosome 9q21 that was significantly associated with BDR (rs73650726, p=7.69×10−9). A trans-ethnic meta-analysis across African Americans and Latinos identified three additional SNPs within the intron of PRKG1 that were significantly associated with BDR (rs7903366, rs7070958, and rs7081864, p≤5×10−8). Our results failed to replicate in three additional populations of 416 Latinos and 1,615 African Americans. Our findings indicate that both population specific and shared genetic variation contributes to differences in BDR in minority children with asthma, and that the genetic underpinnings of BDR may differ between racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Spear
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGarry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neeta Thakur
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Galanter
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ampleford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Adam Davis
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Center for Community Health and Engagement, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Pediatrics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelley Meade
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denise Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Pediatrics, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shannon M Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at ULCA, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rocio Chapela
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Moreno Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Max A Seibold
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Myers
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research,, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Lainé DI. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 3:43-53. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Jaakkola U, Kakko T, Juonala M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Jääskeläinen AE, Mononen N, Kähönen M, Koskinen T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Kallio J. Neuropeptide Y polymorphism increases the risk for asthma in overweight subjects; protection from atherosclerosis in asthmatic subjects--the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:321-8. [PMID: 23122776 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its gene polymorphisms in the development of atherosclerosis has become increasingly evident. In asthma, NPY has been shown to be involved as immunomodulator. In this study, we investigated the role of two functional NPY polymorphisms, NPY-Leu7Pro (rs16139) and NPY-399C/T (rs16147) and obesity for the development of asthma as well as atherosclerosis in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Also, we measured heart rate variability (HRV) and NPY in serum since these might contribute through these polymorphisms to both diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Thousand hundred and seventy six Finnish young adults were genotyped and three groups (G1-G3) were formed based on the observed diplotypes. The NPY-Pro7 allele always co-existed with the NPY-399T allele indicating complete linkage disequilibrium. Here we show that overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2) was associated with 2.5-fold increased risk for asthma in subjects with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele (G2, n=716). Overweight was also associated with increased atherosclerosis determined by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), but asthma seemed to be more significant determinant than overweight in determing cIMT having a decreasing effect. NPY concentration in serum was diplotype-driven (G1=792.2(29.5), G2=849.0(18.9), G3=873.9(45.2) pg/ml) and correlated positively with cIMT in the group having NPY-Pro7 allele (G3, n=142). However, the subjects with asthma had a negative NPY-cIMT relationship. Total HRV was increased in asthma and correlated negatively with cIMT irrespective of the NPY genotype. CONCLUSIONS Overweight together with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele was associated with increased risk for asthma. Atherosclerosis was decreased in subjects with asthma depending on the NPY genotype. The results reveal novel insights into the genetics and biology of the relationship of atherosclerosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jaakkola
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Emin O, Esra G, Aysegül D, Ufuk E, Ayhan S, Rusen DM. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction and their relationship with disease severity in children with atopic asthma. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 183:206-10. [PMID: 22789502 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of autonomic imbalance has been reported in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the clinical severity of childhood asthma with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and to define whether the severity of asthma correlates with ANS activity. In this case-control study, we evaluated the ANS activity by testing heart rate variability (HRV) and sympathetic skin response (SRR) in 77 asthmatic children, age 7-12 yrs, who had no co-morbidity and compared them with 40 gender- and age-matched control subjects. According to the severity of their asthma, study subjects were further divided into three groups: I (mild asthmatics), II (moderate asthmatics), and III (severe asthmatics). Inter-group ANS scale scores differed significantly (p<0.01) between Groups I and III and between Groups II and III. Combined use of HRV and SSR provides a higher degree of sensitivity for assessing disease severity in cases of pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkaya Emin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Himes BE, Jiang X, Hu R, Wu AC, Lasky-Su JA, Klanderman BJ, Ziniti J, Senter-Sylvia J, Lima JJ, Irvin CG, Peters SP, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Kubo M, Tamari M, Nakamura Y, Szefler SJ, Lemanske RF, Zeiger RS, Strunk RC, Martinez FD, Hanrahan JP, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Nieuwenhuis MAE, Vonk JM, Panettieri RA, Markezich A, Israel E, Carey VJ, Tantisira KG, Litonjua AA, Lu Q, Weiss ST. Genome-wide association analysis in asthma subjects identifies SPATS2L as a novel bronchodilator response gene. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002824. [PMID: 22792082 PMCID: PMC3390407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilator response (BDR) is an important asthma phenotype that measures reversibility of airway obstruction by comparing lung function (i.e. FEV1) before and after the administration of a short-acting β2-agonist, the most common rescue medications used for the treatment of asthma. BDR also serves as a test of β2-agonist efficacy. BDR is a complex trait that is partly under genetic control. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BDR, quantified as percent change in baseline FEV1 after administration of a β2-agonist, was performed with 1,644 non-Hispanic white asthmatic subjects from six drug clinical trials: CAMP, LOCCS, LODO, a medication trial conducted by Sepracor, CARE, and ACRN. Data for 469,884 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to measure the association of SNPs with BDR using a linear regression model, while adjusting for age, sex, and height. Replication of primary P-values was attempted in 501 white subjects from SARP and 550 white subjects from DAG. Experimental evidence supporting the top gene was obtained via siRNA knockdown and Western blotting analyses. The lowest overall combined P-value was 9.7E-07 for SNP rs295137, near the SPATS2L gene. Among subjects in the primary analysis, those with rs295137 TT genotype had a median BDR of 16.0 (IQR = [6.2, 32.4]), while those with CC or TC genotypes had a median BDR of 10.9 (IQR = [5.0, 22.2]). SPATS2L mRNA knockdown resulted in increased β2-adrenergic receptor levels. Our results suggest that SPATS2L may be an important regulator of β2-adrenergic receptor down-regulation and that there is promise in gaining a better understanding of the biological mechanisms of differential response to β2-agonists through GWAS. Bronchodilator response (BDR) is an important asthma phenotype that measures reversibility of airway obstruction by comparing lung function before and after the administration of short-acting β2-agonists, common medications used for asthma treatment. We performed a genome-wide association study of BDR with 1,644 white asthmatic subjects from six drug clinical trials and attempted to replicate these findings in 1,051 white subjects from two independent cohorts. The most significant associated variant was near the SPATS2L gene. We knocked down SPATS2L mRNA in human airway smooth muscle cells and found that β2-adrenergic receptor levels increased, suggesting that SPATS2L may be a regulator of BDR. Our results highlight the promise of pursuing GWAS results that do not necessarily reach genome-wide significance and are an example of how results from pharmacogenetic GWAS can be studied functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca E Himes
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1623-34. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2002, the first long-acting muscarinic antagonist, tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®), was launched as a once-daily bronchodilating agent for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since then, there has been intense discovery research activity in this area and, currently, several alternative inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonists are reported under clinical development by several pharmaceutical companies. This article will review the current inhaled development candidates, as well as literature reports of the most significant preclinical chemical series specifically designed as inhaled antimuscarinic agents.
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Sekerel BE, Sahiner UM, Can M, Abali G, Alehan D, Aytemir K. The effects of inhaled formoterol on the autonomic nervous system in adolescents with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 107:266-72. [PMID: 21875547 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of long-acting beta-2-adrenergic agonists is increasingly questioned by physicians. Although formoterol is frequently used in childhood, its effects on the autonomic cardiovascular system have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of inhaled formoterol on autonomic nervous system using heart rate variability in adolescents with persistent asthma. METHODS Electrocardiography of 20 asthmatic adolescents (12-20 years) was monitored for 5 specific days. The first day served as basal measurement, and the 2nd and 3rd days reflected the effects of a single and 2 doses of formoterol, respectively. From days 4 to 29, patients received regular treatment with formoterol/budesonide and were monitored on days 30 and 31 to evaluate the development of cardiac and respiratory tolerance after single-dose and 2 doses of formoterol, respectively. Electrocardiographs were analyzed for heart rate, heart rate variability (both time and frequency domain parameters), and spirometry tests were performed. RESULTS Inhalation of single-dose formoterol increased heart rate and decreased heart rate variability parameters (ratio of the normal-to-normal [NN] interals changing in excess of 50 ms to total of NN intervals [pNN50], total power [TP][ms], TP[ln]) compared with the corresponding baseline values during the first 12 hours of the day. The heart rate variability parameters (pNN50, TP[ms], TP[ln], root mean square of differences between adjacent NN intervals) during the first 12 hours were increased on the 30th day compared with the 2nd day and decreased on the 31st day compared with the 30th day. CONCLUSION Single-dose formoterol inhalation decreases cardiovagal responsiveness and increases the sympathetic tone in cardiac autonomous control, and regular use of formoterol causes development of tolerance to these effects. However, additive doses of formoterol cause loss of this tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent E Sekerel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Panicker R, Arifhodzic N, Al Ahmad M, Ali SA. Association and symptom characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome among bronchial asthma patients in Kuwait. Ann Thorac Med 2011; 5:37-42. [PMID: 20351959 PMCID: PMC2841807 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.58958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT: Excess prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in asthma has been reported, suggesting a link between these two conditions. AIMS: To investigate the association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and asthma, and explore the symptoms of IBS among asthma patients in Kuwait. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Case control study. METHODS: In a tertiary center, for allergy and asthma, 138 patients aged 20-65 years, with asthma, diagnosed clinically and by spirometry, were compared with 145 healthy, non-asthmatic controls matched for age, gender and nationality. Cases and controls completed a self-administered questionnaire of irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis (ROME II criteria). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analyzed using SPSS software, and proportions were tested with Chi-square or Fisher's test. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated to identify the associated risk factors. The demographic variables were selected for logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A significantly large proportion (39.13%) of asthmatics had IBS as compared to 7.93% controls (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of females with IBS were observed in cases and controls (74%, 61.54%). IBS was seen in 87% cases using inhalers, and in 13% with additional oral theophylline (P < 0.001). As many as 66.6% cases, had IBS with relatively short duration of asthma (1-5 years, P < 000). Predominant symptoms of IBS in asthmatics were abdominal discomfort or distension (64.8% vs. 11.5%), (P < 0.000, OR = 14.1; 95%CI: 3.748-53.209), bloated feeling of abdomen (74.1% vs. 34.62% (P < 0.001, OR = 5.38; 95%CI:1.96-14.84)), increased frequency of stools (63%, P < 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Irritable bowel syndrome in asthmatics was significantly high, more in the female asthmatics. Abdominal discomfort, persistent bloated feeling, increased frequency of passing stools were the most common IBS symptoms observed.
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Cekici L, Valipour A, Kohansal R, Burghuber OC. Short-term effects of inhaled salbutamol on autonomic cardiovascular control in healthy subjects: a placebo-controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 67:394-402. [PMID: 19371312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate short-term effects of inhaled salbutamol on haemodynamic changes and cardiovascular autonomic control. METHODS A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study of 0.2 mg of inhaled salbutamol was conducted on 12 healthy nonsmoking volunteers with a mean age of 24 +/- 2 years at two different testing sessions. Non-invasively obtained continuous haemodynamic measurements of cardiac output, beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance were recorded prior to and for a total of 120 min after inhalation of the respective study drug. Continuous cardiovascular autonomic tone was recorded using power spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability. Spontaneous baroreceptor activity was assessed by the sequence method. RESULTS There were no significant changes in any of the baseline parameters between the different testing sessions. Inhalation of salbutamol caused a significant increase in cardiac output from 6.7 +/- 1.3 to 7.7 +/- 1.4 l min(-1) (P < 0.05), and a decrease in total peripheral resistance from 1076 +/- 192 to 905 +/- 172 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) (P < 0.05) within 15 min after inhalation. Moreover, salbutamol significantly increased sympathetically mediated low-frequency heart rate variability (P < 0.01), whereas parasympathetically mediated high-frequency heart rate variability decreased (P < 0.01). All changes persisted for approximately 30 min and were fully reversible at 120 min. There were no significant changes in systolic blood pressure variability or spontaneous baroreceptor activity. CONCLUSIONS Inhalation of therapeutic doses of salbutamol in healthy subjects resulted in significant haemodynamic changes and a shift of sympathovagal balance towards increased sympathetic tone in the absence of baroreceptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Cekici
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for COPD, Otto-Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Fernandes LB, Henry PJ, Goldie RG. Rho kinase as a therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2009; 1:25-33. [PMID: 19124345 DOI: 10.1177/1753465807080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disease of the airways involving reversible bronchoconstriction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is typified by inflammation and airflow limitation that has an irreversible component. There is now substantial evidence that Rho kinase is involved in many of the pathways that contribute to the pathologies associated with these respiratory diseases including bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, airway remodelling, neuromodulation and exacerbations due to respiratory tract viral infection. Indeed the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 causes bronchodilatation and reduces pulmonary eosinophilia trafficking and airways hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of Rho kinase could have a major beneficial impact on symptoms and disease progression in asthma and COPD by modulating several other systems and processes. Thus, the Rho kinase pathway may indeed be a worthwhile therapeutic target in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette B Fernandes
- Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, and Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Abraham G, Kottke C, Ungemach FR. Equine recurrent airway obstruction does not alter airway muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression and subtype distribution. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:401-9. [PMID: 17803731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) or heaves, bronchospasm has been attributed to enhanced cholinergic activity. However, the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and their signaling components are not yet known. Thus, we examined the expression, subtype distribution and postreceptor signaling pathways of mAChR in the peripheral lung, bronchial and tracheal epithelia with the underlying smooth muscle from nine horses with RAO and 11 healthy control horses. In RAO horses, no significant segment-dependent alteration in mAChR density and subtype distribution (assessed by [N-methyl-3H]-scopolamine binding; ([3H]-NMS)), was found, except a trend in receptor down-regulation in some peripheral parts of the lung. The total number of high mAChR binding sites (assessed by carbachol-displacement experiments in the presence or absence of guanosine 5'-triphosphate) was not changed in RAO, suggesting that the functional coupling of mAChR to the corresponding G-proteins is intact. The M2-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC) as well as the M3-receptor-G(q/11)-phospholipase C (PLC) activity was not different between RAO and control airway tissues. In conclusion, in equine RAO airways, mAChR expression and function were not altered, and thus appear not to account for the enhanced cholinergic activity in RAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abraham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Fernandes L, D'Aprile A, Self G, McGuire M, Sew T, Henry P, Goldie R. A Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, reduces cholinergic contraction but not neurotransmitter release. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 550:155-61. [PMID: 17010334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of the selective Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 [(+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride]) on cholinergic nerve-mediated contraction and neurotransmitter release in murine and guinea-pig isolated tracheal preparations. In tracheal preparations obtained from both species, Y-27632 shifted carbachol concentration-effect curves to the right and reduced the maximal contractile response. Repeated electrical field stimulation (EFS) evoked transient, consistent and reproducible contractions in murine and guinea-pig tracheal preparations. Y-27632 inhibited these cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. EFS (0.1-30 Hz) elicited frequency-dependent cholinergic nerve-mediated contractile responses. In murine tracheal preparations, Y-27632 (3 microM and 10 microM) shifted frequency-response curves to EFS to the right by 5.5 and 13.0 fold respectively and markedly reduced the maximal contractile response. In murine and guinea-pig tracheal preparations loaded with [(3)H]-choline, Y-27632 (10 microM) significantly increased the EFS-induced outflow of radioactivity from airway cholinergic nerves by 27% and 54% respectively. Thus, Y-27632 inhibited both carbachol-induced and cholinergic nerve-mediated contractile responses. Conversely, Y-27632 increased neurotransmitter release from airway cholinergic nerves. However, since antagonism of acetylcholine-induced contraction by Y-27632 overwhelmed the increased neurotransmitter release, the overall effect of this Rho-kinase inhibitor was to inhibit cholinergic nerve-mediated contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Fernandes
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Walter MJ, Holtzman MJ. A centennial history of research on asthma pathogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 32:483-9. [PMID: 15901618 PMCID: PMC2715318 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.f300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Walter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), the tendency of the airways to narrow too much and too easily in response to various stimuli, is a universal feature of asthma, although it is not exclusive to this disease. Airway responsiveness shows a unimodal distribution in the general population and might vary with time, increasing after exposure to allergens, industrial substances, or infectious agents in predisposed individuals, or decreasing for variable time periods after environmental or pharmacologic interventions. Airway inflammation and structural airway changes can lead to this heightened airway response, but the mechanisms by which they modify airway function are still unclear. They might be associated with increased contractile properties of the airways--from an increase in contractile elements, a change in smooth muscle mechanical properties, or a reduction of forces opposing bronchoconstriction, such as reduced airway-parenchymal interdependence. Other factors, such as neurohumoral influences and "geometric factors" (eg, airway caliber), can modulate the degree of AHR.
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Roussos A, Koursarakos P, Patsopoulos D, Gerogianni I, Philippou N. Increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma. Respir Med 2003; 97:75-9. [PMID: 12556015 DOI: 10.1053/rmed.2001.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. IBS may represent a primary disorder of gastrointestinal motility accompanied with motor dysfunction in various extraintestinal sites. Recent studies suggest that IBS is associated with bronchial hyper-responsiveness and bronchial asthma might be more prevalent in IBS patients than in control subjects. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of IBS in a cohort of asthmatic patients. We evaluated 150 patients with bronchial asthma (71 males and 79 females, aged 45.1+/-14.9 years) and two control groups including 130 patients with other pulmonary disorder and 120 healthy subjects. All subjects enrolled (asthmatic and controls) completed the Greek version of the Bowel Disease Questionnaire (BDQ). BDQ is a, previously validated, self-report instrument to measure gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis of IBS was based on Rome II criteria. The IBS prevalence was significantly higher in asthmatics (62/150, 41.3%) than in subjects with other pulmonary disorders (29/130, 22.3%, P<0.001) and healthy ones (25/120, 20.8%, P<0.001). For all subjects studied, the prevalence of IBS was significantly higher in females (78/214, 36.4%) than in males (38/186, 20.4%, P<0.001). The IBS prevalence in asthmatic males was 29.5% vs. 15.2% in male patients with other pulmonary disorders (P=0.002) and 14.2% in male healthy subjects (P=0.002). The IBS prevalence in asthmatic females was 51.8% vs. 28.1% in females patients with other pulmonary disorders (P<0.001) and 26.5% in females healthy subjects (P<0.001). None of the asthma medications were associated with increased or decreased likelihood of IBS. We conclude that patients with bronchial asthma have an increased prevalence of IBS. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the association between IBS and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roussos
- 9th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SOTIRIA Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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