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Rostved AA, Ostrowski SR, Peters L, Lundgren JD, Hillingsø J, Johansson PI, Rasmussen A. Hyaluronic Acid Is a Biomarker for Allograft Dysfunction and Predicts 1-Year Graft Loss After Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3635-3643. [PMID: 30577249 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation has a profound impact on the risks of death and retransplantation within the first year. We tested whether elevated hyaluronic acid (HA; a glycosaminoglycan cleared by hepatic sinusoidal endothelium) levels may predict excess risk of graft loss. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center prognostic cohort study. Patients with either a plasma sample before transplantation, an early post-transplantation sample nearest day 30 (range 10-89 d, 80% within days 15-60), or both were included. Plasma HA was measured with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The primary end point was 1-year graft loss (all-cause mortality and retransplantation). A secondary end point was biliary stricture. RESULTS In this study, 169 of 196 patients who received a liver transplant in the study period were included. Pre-transplantation HA (n = 152) did not predict graft loss. Post-transplantation HA (n = 124) was higher among patients with graft loss (median, 177 μg/L [interquartile range (IQR), 89-465] vs 54 μg/L [IQR 37-93]) and was a strong predictor of this outcome (hazard ratio per 50 μg/L, 1.24 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.34]). The discriminatory ability of HA was high (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77-0.94]) and noninferior to other liver function tests. When adjusted for known risk factors of graft loss, HA remained an independent predictor of graft loss. CONCLUSIONS High post-transplantation plasma HA level was a strong predictor of 1-year all-cause mortality and retransplantation, whereas pre-transplantation levels were not, despite variety in the time span of blood sampling. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the utility of HA in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rostved
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - S R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Peters
- Section 2100, CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J D Lundgren
- Section 2100, CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Hillingsø
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P I Johansson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Placzek MS, Hooker JM, Gee AD, Dollé F, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. (11)C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds made easily for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4708-26. [PMID: 27276357 PMCID: PMC5000859 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 ((11)C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11)C]methyl triflate (generated from [(11)C]carbon dioxide or [(11)C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted (11)C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [(11)C]Carbon dioxide itself, [(11)C]carbon monoxide, [(11)C]cyanide, and [(11)C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable (11)C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of (11)C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. (11)C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA and McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA - Institut d'imagerie biomédicale, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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McCracken JM, Jiang L, Deshpande KT, O'Neil MF, Pritchard MT. Differential effects of hyaluronan synthase 3 deficiency after acute vs chronic liver injury in mice. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 27042213 PMCID: PMC4818527 DOI: 10.1186/s13069-016-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix (ECM) glycosaminoglycan synthesized by three different enzymes, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)1, 2, and 3. HA synthesis mediated by HAS3 promotes inflammation and is pathogenic in animal models of human lung and intestinal disease. Liver fibrosis is a common endpoint to chronic liver injury and inflammation for which there is no cure. Although plasma HA is a commonly used biomarker for liver disease, if and how HA contributes to disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HA synthesized by HAS3 enhances inflammation and fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, we exposed wild-type or Has3−/− mice to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) once (acute) or ten (chronic) times. Results HAS3-deficient mice exhibited increased hepatic injury and inflammatory chemokine production 48 h after acute CCl4; this was associated with a threefold reduction in plasma HA levels and alterations in the proportions of specific molecular weight HA polymer pools. Hepatic accumulation of fibrosis-associated transcripts was also greater in livers from HAS3-deficient mice compared to controls after acute CCl4 exposure. Surprisingly, fibrosis was not different between genotypes. Hepatic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13 mRNA and MMP13 activity was greater in livers from Has3-null mice after chronic CCl4; this was prevented by a MMP13-specific inhibitor. Collectively, these data suggest that Has3, or more likely HA produced by HAS3, limits hepatic inflammation after acute injury and attenuates MMP13-mediated matrix metabolism after chronic injury. Conclusions These data suggest that HA should be investigated further as a novel therapeutic target for acute and chronic liver disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13069-016-0041-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Krutika T Deshpande
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Maura F O'Neil
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
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van den Broek MAJ, Vreuls CPH, Winstanley A, Jansen RLH, van Bijnen AA, Dello SAWG, Bemelmans MH, Dejong CHC, Driessen A, Olde Damink SWM. Hyaluronic acid as a marker of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome secondary to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:1462-9. [PMID: 23463086 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-2915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable number of patients develop sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases (CLMs). SOS is associated with adverse outcomes after major hepatectomy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a marker of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell function and may serve as an accurate marker of SOS. This study aimed to assess the value of systemic HA levels and fractional extraction (FE) of HA by the splanchnic area and liver as markers of SOS after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for CLMs. METHODS Forty patients were studied. The presence of SOS was assessed histopathologically. Blood samples from the radial artery and portal and hepatic veins were collected. HA levels were determined by ELISA and the FE of HA was estimated. RESULTS SOS was present in 23 patients, 11 of whom demonstrated moderate or severe SOS. Preoperative HA levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate or severe SOS (group B, n = 11) compared to patients with no or mild SOS (group A, n = 29) (51.6 ± 10.2 ng/mL vs. 32.1 ± 3.5 ng/mL, p = 0.030). A cutoff HA level of 44.1 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 67 % and specificity of 83 % for detection of SOS. The positive predictive value was 50 % and the negative predictive value 91 %. Both groups exhibited a similar FE of HA by the splanchnic area (-7.9 ± 8.5 % in Group A vs. 7.3 ± 3.6 % in Group B, p = 0.422) and liver (-10.7 ± 6.2 % in Group A vs. 4.6 ± 2.3 % in Group B, p = 0.265). CONCLUSIONS Systemic HA levels can be used to detect patients at risk of SOS after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for CLMs. Additional investigations into the presence of SOS are indicated in patients with elevated HA levels.
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Banzato A, Rondina M, Meléndez-Alafort L, Zangoni E, Nadali A, Renier D, Moschini G, Mazzi U, Zanovello P, Rosato A. Biodistribution imaging of a paclitaxel-hyaluronan bioconjugate. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:525-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nieuwdorp M, Meuwese M, Mooij H, van Lieshout M, Hayden A, Levi M, Meijers J, Ince C, Kastelein J, Vink H, Stroes E. Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition protects against endotoxin-induced endothelial glycocalyx perturbation. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202:296-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sharma R, Wendt JA, Rasmussen JC, Adams KE, Marshall MV, Sevick-Muraca EM. New horizons for imaging lymphatic function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1131:13-36. [PMID: 18519956 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1413.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of noninvasive imaging modalities used clinically for the diagnosis of lymphatic diseases, new imaging agents for assessing lymphatic architecture and cancer status of lymph nodes, and emerging near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent optical imaging technologies and agents for functional lymphatic imaging. Given the promise of NIR optical imaging, we provide example results of functional lymphatic imaging in mice, swine, and humans, showing the ability of this technology to quantify lymph velocity and frequencies of propulsion resulting from the contractility of lymphatic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 360, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Testa E, Malfatti F, Milazzo S, Cordiviola C, Cotellessa T, Marabotto E, Giannini E, Ceppa P, Mamone M, Risso D, Testa R. Hyaluronic acid and aspartate aminotransferase levels normalized by liver function can reflect sinusoidal impairment in chronic liver disease. Liver Int 2006; 26:439-44. [PMID: 16629647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the relationship between hyaluronic acid/aminopyrine breath test (HA/ABT) ratio and fibrosis score in chronic hepatitis, and between HA/ABT and clinical staging (child-turcotte-pugh'score, CTP; and model for end stage liver disease, MELD) in cirrhosis, as well as to evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ABT in relation to the HA/ABT. METHODS We studied 48 patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 35 patients with compensated cirrhosis (CIR). RESULTS HA/ABT and AST/ABT showed a more significant correlation with the fibrosis score than HA or ABT or AST alone in the 48 CHC patients: r=0.568 (P<0.0001), r=0.610 (P<0.0001), r=0.450 (P=0.0021), r=-0.449 (P=0.0021), and r=0.472(P=0.0012), respectively. Progressive liver damage (fibrosis 1-2 vs fibrosis 3-6 vs cirrhosis) was significantly (P<0.05) reflected by both HA/ABT (mean+/-SEM: 4.0+/-0.9 vs 18.1+/-4.2 vs 149.9+/-33.1) and AST/ABT (6.3+/-1.8 vs 12.7+/-1.6 vs 42.1+/-14.6). A strong relationship was found between HA/ABT and AST/ABT (r=0.755 P<0.0001). In cirrhotic patients, the most significant relationship was observed between HA/ABT and CTP r=0.483 and P=0.0049, and MELD r=0.523 and P=0.0023. CONCLUSION Considering that HA levels in chronic hepatitis depend on the progressive impairment of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC), related to progressive fibrosis, HA/ABT ratio would seem to be the most specific reflection of progressive impairment of the SEC. AST/ABT could be used as a possible surrogate of HA in identifying SEC impairment in chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Testa
- Gastroenterology Unit and Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Rosenthal MA, Gibbs P, Brown TJ, Wong S, Uren S, Ellis A, Li L, Heldin P, Fox RM. Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of intravenous hyaluronic acid in combination with doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil. Chemotherapy 2005; 51:132-41. [PMID: 15886473 DOI: 10.1159/000085621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-clinically, hyaluronan (HA) has been demonstrated to systemically target chemotherapeutic drugs to tumours while ameliorating treatment toxicities. This study is a preliminary clinical investigation to determine if HA could be safely used in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (DOX). METHODS Thirty patients with metastatic cancer were intravenously administered 500 mg/m2 HA in combination with escalating doses of DOX (30-60 mg/m2) or 5-FU (cumulative dose of 1,350-2,250 mg/m2 per cycle). The effect of pre-administration of 20 mg/m2 of folinic acid on HA/5-FU chemotherapy was also investigated. Patients were randomized to receive either HA/chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in their first treatment cycle and vice versa for the second cycle. Patients received HA and chemotherapy in all subsequent cycles. RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated, tumour responses were observed and the co-administration of HA did not alter the pharmacokinetics of clinically relevant doses of 5-FU or DOX. CONCLUSION High doses of intravenous high-molecular-weight HA can be safely co-administered with clinical doses of chemotherapy without significantly altering the toxicity or pharmacokinetics of the drugs or HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rosenthal
- Cancer Trials Australia, Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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