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Zhang J, Gan Y, Li H, Yin J, He X, Lin L, Xu S, Fang Z, Kim BW, Gao L, Ding L, Zhang E, Ma X, Li J, Li L, Xu Y, Horne D, Xu R, Yu H, Gu Y, Huang W. Inhibition of the CDK2 and Cyclin A complex leads to autophagic degradation of CDK2 in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2835. [PMID: 35595767 PMCID: PMC9122913 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complex is significantly over-activated in many cancers. While it makes CDK2 an attractive target for cancer therapy, most inhibitors against CDK2 are ATP competitors that are either nonspecific or highly toxic, and typically fail clinical trials. One alternative approach is to develop non-ATP competitive inhibitors; they disrupt interactions between CDK2 and either its partners or substrates, resulting in specific inhibition of CDK2 activities. In this report, we identify two potential druggable pockets located in the protein-protein interaction interface (PPI) between CDK2 and Cyclin A. To target the potential druggable pockets, we perform a LIVS in silico screening of a library containing 1925 FDA approved drugs. Using this approach, homoharringtonine (HHT) shows high affinity to the PPI and strongly disrupts the interaction between CDK2 and cyclins. Further, we demonstrate that HHT induces autophagic degradation of the CDK2 protein via tripartite motif 21 (Trim21) in cancer cells, which is confirmed in a leukemia mouse model and in human primary leukemia cells. These results thus identify an autophagic degradation mechanism of CDK2 protein and provide a potential avenue towards treating CDK2-dependent cancers. CDK2 can drive the proliferation of cancer cells. Here, the authors screened for a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of the CDK2/cylinA complex and find that Homoharringtonine can disrupt the complex and promote the degradation of CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yichao Gan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin He
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Liming Lin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhipeng Fang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lina Gao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lili Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Eryun Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Chae SW, Sohn JH, Kim DH, Choi YJ, Park YL, Kim K, Cho YH, Pyo JS, Kim JH. Overexpressions of Cyclin B1, cdc2, p16 and p53 in human breast cancer: the clinicopathologic correlations and prognostic implications. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:445-53. [PMID: 21488187 PMCID: PMC3101063 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the initiation and progression of breast cancers are largely unknown. This study was to analyze the cyclin B1, cdc2, p53 and p16 tumor suppressor genes in human breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the role of cyclin B1, cdc2, p53 and p16 in the pathogenesis and progression of breast carcinomas, 98 cases of breast cancers were examined by immunohistochemical method. The correlations of cyclin B1, cdc2, p53 and p16 expression with various clinico-pathologic findings were analysed. RESULTS In the normal breast tissues, cyclin B1, cdc2 and p16 were weakly expressed, while p53 was not expressed. On the other hand, cyclin B1, cdc2, p53 and p16 were overexpressed in breast cancer, showing correlation between the expression of cyclin B1 and cdc2 and breast cancers (p=0.00). The overexpressions of cdc2 and p16 were correlated with an infiltrative tumor border pattern and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, the overexpression of cdc2 was correlated with histologic high grade carcinomas (p=0.00). CONCLUSION Cyclin B1 and cdc2 appeared to be involved in the genesis or progression of breast cancers. In addition, the overexpressions of p16 and p53 may play important roles in more aggressive tumor and the overexpression of cdc2 is associated with progression of tumor to a higher grade of breast carcinomas. The deranged overexpressions of cyclin B1, cdc2, p16 and p53 may play an important role in human breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Wan Chae
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Sohn
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Lai Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hye Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kourea HP, Koutras AK, Scopa CD, Marangos MN, Tzoracoeleftherakis E, Koukouras D, Kalofonos HP. Expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p34cdc2, p21waf1, and p53 in node negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Mol Pathol 2004; 56:328-35. [PMID: 14645695 PMCID: PMC1187351 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.6.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To look for correlations between expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1), and p53 in node negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma, or between these proteins and clinicopathological parameters, and to assess their prognostic value. METHODS Immunohistochemistry using formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sections from 94 breast carcinomas. Adjacent benign epithelial breast tissue was available in 74 cases. Median follow up was 72 months. RESULTS Nuclear and cytoplasmic p34(cdc2) expression was seen in 80 and 62 tumours, respectively; nuclear expression was seen in adjacent benign epithelium in 12 cases. p21(WAF1) and p53 were positive in 48 and 21 tumours, respectively. High expression of p34(cdc2) in neoplastic nuclei was associated with higher histological grade and p53 expression, but not with tumour size, steroid receptor status, patient age, menopausal status, recurrence, metastasis, disease free survival (DFS), or overall survival (OS). p34(cdc2) in tumour cytoplasm was associated with p34(cdc2) nuclear positivity, high tumour grade, and DFS in univariate but not multivariate analysis. In contrast, p34(cdc2) expression in benign tissue independently predicted DFS and OS in univariate and multivariate analysis. Expression of p53 was associated with high tumour grade and negative steroid receptors, but not with recurrence, metastasis, DFS, or OS. p21(WAF1) expression was not associated with the examined parameters. CONCLUSIONS p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1), and p53 expression does not predict outcome in node negative breast carcinoma, although p34(cdc2) expression in benign tissue is related to prognosis. The association between p34(cdc2) and p53 implicates p53 in G2-M cell cycle checkpoint control, possibly via mediators unrelated to p21(WAF1).
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kourea
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, Patras, Rion 26500, Greece.
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