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Trewick SA, Henderson IM, Pohe SR, Morgan-Richards M. Spatial Variation of Acanthophlebia cruentata (Ephemeroptera), a Mayfly Endemic to Te Ika-a-Māui—North Island of Aotearoa, New Zealand. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070567. [PMID: 35886743 PMCID: PMC9316242 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Patterns of variation within a widespread species can provide evidence of population history. Adjacent stable populations with gene flow show clinal genetic divergence forming a pattern of isolation by distance. Populations that have grown due to an increase in potential habitat such as forest cover since the last glacial maximum will have low genetic variation showing patterns of range expansion. The mayfly Acanthophlebia cruentata of Aotearoa, New Zealand, is widespread in streams of North Island but absent from the cooler South Island. Mayfly nymphs are restricted to streams but adults fly, facilitating gene flow among catchments. We detected higher genetic diversity at lower latitudes of this mayfly’s range compared to most of its distribution, concordant with predictions of limited forest cover in New Zealand during Pleistocene glacial periods. A signature of recent range expansion was observed in the higher latitudes. Despite initial observation suggesting mayfly size correlated with latitude, we found sex, elevation and sampling date were significant predictors of size, and some size variation is also explained by three regional groups based on haplotype distribution. Abstract The mayfly Acanthophlebia cruentata of Aotearoa, New Zealand, is widespread in Te Ika-a-Māui North Island streams, but has never been collected from South Island despite land connection during the last glacial maximum. Population structure of this mayfly might reflect re-colonisation after volcanic eruptions in North Island c1800 years ago, climate cycling or conceal older, cryptic diversity. We collected population samples from 33 locations to estimate levels of population genetic diversity and to document phenotypic variation. Relatively low intraspecific haplotype divergence was recorded among mitochondrial cytb sequences from 492 individuals, but these resolved three geographic-haplotype regions (north, west, east). We detected a signature of isolation by distance at low latitudes (north) but evidence of recent population growth in the west and east. We did not detect an effect of volcanic eruptions but infer range expansion into higher latitudes from a common ancestor during the last glacial period. As judged from wing length, both sexes of adult mayflies were larger at higher elevation and we found that haplotype region was also a significant predictor of Acanthophlebia cruentata size. This suggests that our mitochondrial marker is concordant with nuclear genetic differences that might be explained by founder effect during range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian M. Henderson
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
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Godfrey AJR, McKenzie AO, Morgan-Richards M. Recommendations for non-lethal monitoring of tree wētā ( Hemideina spp .) using artificial galleries. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2076704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jonathan R. Godfrey
- Statistics Group, School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amy O. McKenzie
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Shepherd L, Simon C, Langton-Myers S, Morgan-Richards M. Insights into Aotearoa New Zealand’s biogeographic history provided by the study of natural hybrid zones. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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McEntee JP, Burleigh JG, Singhal S. Dispersal Predicts Hybrid Zone Widths across Animal Diversity: Implications for Species Borders under Incomplete Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2020; 196:9-28. [PMID: 32552108 DOI: 10.1086/709109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid zones occur as range boundaries for many animal taxa. One model for how hybrid zones form and stabilize is the tension zone model, a version of which predicts that hybrid zone widths are determined by a balance between random dispersal into hybrid zones and selection against hybrids. Here, we examine whether random dispersal and proxies for selection against hybrids (genetic distances between hybridizing pairs) can explain variation in hybrid zone widths across 131 hybridizing pairs of animals. We show that these factors alone can explain ∼40% of the variation in zone width among animal hybrid zones, with dispersal explaining far more of the variation than genetic distances. Patterns within clades were idiosyncratic. Genetic distances predicted hybrid zone widths particularly well for reptiles, while this relationship was opposite tension zone predictions in birds. Last, the data suggest that dispersal and molecular divergence set lower bounds on hybrid zone widths in animals, indicating that there are geographic restrictions on hybrid zone formation. Overall, our analyses reinforce the fundamental importance of dispersal in hybrid zone formation and more generally in the ecology of range boundaries.
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Trewick SA, Pilkington S, Shepherd LD, Gibb GC, Morgan-Richards M. Closing the gap: Avian lineage splits at a young, narrow seaway imply a protracted history of mixed population response. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5752-5772. [PMID: 28805283 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary significance of spatial habitat gaps has been well recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace compared the faunas of Bali and Lombok. Gaps between islands influence population structuring of some species, and flightless birds are expected to show strong partitioning even where habitat gaps are narrow. We examined the population structure of the most numerous living flightless land bird in New Zealand, Weka (Gallirallus australis). We surveyed Weka and their feather lice in native and introduced populations using genetic data gathered from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genes and nuclear β-fibrinogen and five microsatellite loci. We found low genetic diversity among extant Weka population samples. Two genetic clusters were evident in the mtDNA from Weka and their lice, but partitioning at nuclear loci was less abrupt. Many formerly recognized subspecies/species were not supported; instead, we infer one subspecies for each of the two main New Zealand islands. Although currently range restricted, North Island Weka have higher mtDNA diversity than the more wide-ranging southern Weka. Mismatch and neutrality statistics indicate North Island Weka experienced rapid and recent population reduction, while South Island Weka display the signature of recent expansion. Similar haplotype data from a widespread flying relative of Weka and other New Zealand birds revealed instances of North Island-South Island partitioning associated with a narrow habitat gap (Cook Strait). However, contrasting patterns indicate priority effects and other ecological factors have a strong influence on spatial exchange at this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve A Trewick
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Pilkington
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lara D Shepherd
- Te Papa Tongarewa Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gillian C Gibb
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Wehi PM, Monks A, Morgan-Richards M. Male tree weta are attracted to cuticular scent cues but do not discriminate according to sex or among two closely related species. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M. Wehi
- Institute of Agriculture & Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Institute of Agriculture & Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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Painting CJ, Myers S, Holwell GI, Buckley TR. Phylogeography of the New Zealand giraffe weevil Lasiorhynchus barbicornis (Coleoptera: Brentidae): A comparison of biogeographic boundaries. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mckean NE, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Little or no gene flow despite F1 hybrids at two interspecific contact zones. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2390-404. [PMID: 27066230 PMCID: PMC4783458 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization can create the selective force that promotes assortative mating but hybridization can also select for increased hybrid fitness. Gene flow resulting from hybridization can increase genetic diversity but also reduce distinctiveness. Thus the formation of hybrids has important implications for long‐term species coexistence. This study compares the interaction between the tree wētā Hemideina thoracica and its two neighboring species; H. crassidens and H. trewicki. We examined the ratio of parent and hybrid forms in natural areas of sympatry. Individuals with intermediate phenotype were confirmed as first generation hybrids using nine independent genetic markers. Evidence of gene flow from successful hybridization was sought from the distribution of morphological and genetic characters. Both species pairs appear to be largely retaining their own identity where they live in sympatry, each with a distinct karyotype. Hemideina thoracica and H. trewicki are probably reproductively isolated, with sterile F1 hybrids. This species pair shows evidence of niche differences with adult size and timing of maturity differing where Hemideina thoracica is sympatric with H. trewicki. In contrast, evidence of a low level of introgression was detected in phenotypes and genotypes where H. thoracica and H. crassidens are sympatric. We found no evidence of size divergence although color traits in combination with hind tibia spines reliably distinguish the two species. This species pair show a bimodal hybrid zone in the absence of assortative mating and possible sexual exclusion by H. thoracica males in the formation of F1 hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Mckean
- Ecology Group Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Ecology Group Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group Institute of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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Mckean NE, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Comparative cytogenetics of North Island tree wētā in sympatry. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2015.1032984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Minards NA, Trewick SA, Godfrey AJR, Morgan-Richards M. Convergent local adaptation in size and growth rate but not metabolic rate in a pair of parapatric Orthoptera species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki A. Minards
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Phoenix lab, Ecology Group; IAE; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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López‐López A, Hudson P, Galián J. Recent origin of a chiasmatic sex trivalent in
A
ustralian
P
seudotetracha
tiger beetles. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. López‐López
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física Edificio Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - P. Hudson
- South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
| | - J. Galián
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física Edificio Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
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Trewick SA, Bland KJ. Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand's North Island/South Island juncture. J R Soc N Z 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2010.549493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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PETTENGILL JAMESB, MOELLER DAVIDA. Phylogeography of speciation: allopatric divergence and secondary contact between outcrossing and selfingClarkia. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4578-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fitness J, Hitchmough RA, Morgan-Richards M. Little and large: body size and genetic clines in a New Zealand gecko (Woodworthia maculata) along a coastal transect. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:273-85. [PMID: 22423323 PMCID: PMC3298942 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinal variation can result from primary differentiation or secondary contact and determining which of these two processes is responsible for the existence of a cline is not a trivial problem. Samples from a coastal transect of New Zealand geckos (Woodworthia maculata) identified for the first time a body size cline 7–10 km wide. The larger geckos are almost twice the mass of the small adult geckos. Clines in allele and haplotype frequency were found at two of the four genetic loci examined. Estimated width of the morphological cline was concordant with neither the narrower mtDNA cline (3–7 m) nor the wider nuclear cline (RAG-2; 34–42 km), and cline centers were not coincident. Although the body size cline is narrow compared to the entire range of the species, it is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than estimates of dispersal distance per generation for these geckos. No evidence of assortative mating, nor of hybrid disadvantage was identified, thus there is little evidence to infer that endogenous selection is maintaining a hybrid zone. We cannot distinguish secondary contact from primary origin of this body size cline but conclude that secondary contact is likely due to the occurrence of mtDNA haplotypes from three distinct clades within the coastal transect and the presence of two frequency clines within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Fitness
- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
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CHAPPELL ESTAM, TREWICK STEVENA, MORGAN-RICHARDS MARY. Shape and sound reveal genetic cohesion not speciation in the New Zealand orthopteran, Hemiandrus pallitarsis, despite high mitochondrial DNA divergence. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The Invertebrate Life of New Zealand: A Phylogeographic Approach. INSECTS 2011; 2:297-325. [PMID: 26467729 PMCID: PMC4553545 DOI: 10.3390/insects2030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phylogeography contributes to our knowledge of regional biotas by integrating spatial and genetic information. In New Zealand, comprising two main islands and hundreds of smaller ones, phylogeography has transformed the way we view our biology and allowed comparison with other parts of the world. Here we review studies on New Zealand terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates. We find little evidence of congruence among studies of different taxa; instead there are signatures of partitioning in many different regions and expansion in different directions. A number of studies have revealed unusually high genetic distances within putative species, and in those where other data confirm this taxonomy, the revealed phylogeographic structure contrasts with northern hemisphere continental systems. Some taxa show a signature indicative of Pliocene tectonic events encompassing land extension and mountain building, whereas others are consistent with range expansion following the last glacial maximum (LGM) of the Pleistocene. There is some indication that montane taxa are more partitioned than lowland ones, but this observation is obscured by a broad range of patterns within the sample of lowland/forest taxa. We note that several geophysical processes make similar phylogeographic predictions for the same landscape, rendering confirmation of the drivers of partitioning difficult. Future multi-gene analyses where applied to testable alternative hypotheses may help resolve further the rich evolutionary history of New Zealand's invertebrates.
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New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morgan‐Richards M, Smissen RD, Shepherd LD, Wallis GP, Hayward JJ, Chan C, Chambers GK, Chapman HM. A review of genetic analyses of hybridisation in New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03014220909510561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Morgan-Richards M, Wallis GP. A comparison of five hybrid zones of the weta Hemideina thoracica (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): degree of cytogenetic differentiation fails to predict zone width. Evolution 2003; 57:849-61. [PMID: 12778554 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tension zones are maintained by the interaction between selection against hybrids and dispersal of individuals. Investigating multiple hybrid zones within a single species provides the opportunity to examine differences in zone structure on a background of differences in extrinsic factors (e.g., age of the zone, ecology) or intrinsic factors (e.g., chromosomes). The New Zealand tree weta Hemideina thoracica comprises at least eight distinct chromosomal races with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 11 (XO) to 2n = 23 (XO). Five independent hybrid zones were located that involve races differing from one another by a variety of chromosomal rearrangements. The predicted negative correlation between extent of karyotypic differentiation (measured in terms of both percent of genome and number of rearrangements) and zone width was not found. Conversely, the widest zones were those characterized by two chromosome rearrangements involving up to 35% of the genome. The narrowest zone occurred where the two races differ by a single chromosome rearrangement involving approximately 2% of the genome. The five estimates of chromosomal cline width ranged from 0.5 km to 47 km. A comparative investigation of cline width for both chromosomal and mitochondrial markers revealed a complex pattern of zone characteristics. Three of the five zones in this study showed cline concordance for the nuclear and cytoplasmic markers, and at two of the zones the clines were also coincident. Zones with the widest chromosomal clines had the widest mitochondrial DNA clines. It appears that, even within a single species, the extent of karyotypic differentiation between pairs of races is not a good predictor of the level of disadvantage suffered by hybrids.
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Morgan-Richards M, Wallis GP. A COMPARISON OF FIVE HYBRID ZONES OF THE WETA HEMIDEINA THORACICA (ORTHOPTERA: ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE): DEGREE OF CYTOGENETIC DIFFERENTIATION FAILS TO PREDICT ZONE WIDTH. Evolution 2003. [DOI: 10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0849:acofhz]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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