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Kashef NS, Stafford DM, Sogard SM, Garza JC, Field JC, Gilbert-Horvath EA. Multiple-brooding rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) can utilize stored sperm from individual sires to fertilize consecutive broods. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:952-961. [PMID: 36752196 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Viviparous rockfishes (Sebastes spp., family Scorpaenidae) mate and store sperm in the ovaries for several months prior to fertilization, as oocytes develop for the parturition season. Although multiple paternity has been documented in single-brooding rockfishes, paternity in consecutive broods of multiple-brooding species has not been studied. Analyses of multilocus microsatellite genotypes in both residual larvae left in the ovary from a previous parturition and upcoming fertilized broods in the same ovary demonstrated evidence of the same sires in consecutive broods in chilipepper (Sebastes goodei) and speckled (Sebastes ovalis) rockfishes. One S. goodei mother showed evidence of multiple paternity from the same two sires in both consecutive broods. The ability to retain sperm, even after a parturition event, for use in subsequent broods, confers an advantage to ensure fertilization and allows for extension of the parturition season. This life-history strategy provides a bet-hedging advantage in the California Current system, an environmentally dynamic ecosystem where larval survivorship and subsequent recruitment to adult populations can vary temporally by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neosha S Kashef
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - David M Stafford
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Susan M Sogard
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - John C Garza
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - John C Field
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gilbert-Horvath
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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2
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Kimble SJA, Unger SD, Williams RN. Genetically derived effective population size estimates of herpetofaunal species should be used with caution. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shem D. Unger
- Department of Biology Wingate University Wingate NC 28174 USA
| | - Rod N. Williams
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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3
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Riley JL, Stow A, Bolton PE, Dennison S, Byrne RW, Whiting MJ. Sperm Storage in a Family-Living Lizard, the Tree Skink (Egernia striolata). J Hered 2021; 112:526-534. [PMID: 34409996 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce viable offspring without recently mating, either through sperm storage or parthenogenesis, can provide fitness advantages under a suite of challenging ecological scenarios. Using genetic analysis, we demonstrate that 3 wild-caught female Tree Skinks (Egernia striolata) reproduced in captivity with no access to males for over a year, and that this is best explained by sperm storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time female sperm storage has been documented in any monogamous family-living reptile, including social Australian egerniine skinks (from the subfamily Egerniinae). Furthermore, by using paternal reconstruction of genotypes we show that captive-born offspring produced by the same females in the preceding year, presumably without sperm storage, were sired by different males. We qualitatively compared aspects of these females' mates and offspring between years. The parents of each litter were unrelated, but paternal and offspring genotypes from litters resulting from stored sperm were more heterozygous than those inferred to be from recent matings. Family-living egerniine skinks generally have low rates of multiple paternity, yet our study suggests that female sperm storage, potentially from outside social partners, offers the real possibility of benefits. Possible benefits include increasing genetic compatibility of mates and avoiding inbreeding depression via cryptic female choice. Sperm storage in Tree Skinks, a family-living lizard with a monogamous mating system, suggests that females may bet-hedge through extra-pair copulation with more heterozygous males, reinforcing the idea that females could have more control on reproductive outcomes than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Adam Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peri E Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Siobhan Dennison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard W Byrne
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Kitayama C, Tomiyasu J, Bochimoto H, Kondo S, Tokuda K, Ogawa R, Okubo S, Kondoh D. Histological findings of sperm storage in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) oviduct. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19416. [PMID: 34593919 PMCID: PMC8484286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are seasonal breeders with a time lag between mating and nesting periods. We therefore investigated whether female turtles store sperm like some other animals by histologically and ultrastructurally analyzing oviducts collected from three mature female free-ranging green turtles during the breeding season in the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The oviduct comprised an infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Sperm was found in the isthmus of all turtles examined. Some spermatozoa were found in the duct and acini of glands in the isthmus of two turtles with oviducts containing eggs, and a few were also located in the transition area between the uterus and vagina of one of the turtles. On the other hand, we also found abundant spermatozoa on the luminal surface of the isthmus of one turtle captured during mating. In most reptiles, fertilization occurs in the infundibulum or albumen region, and thus the isthmus near those areas might be suitable for storing sperm in female turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyo Kitayama
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0822, Japan
| | - Jumpei Tomiyasu
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Division of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Satomi Kondo
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Ogasawara Marine Center, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tokuda
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Ogasawara Marine Center, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Ryuta Ogawa
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Ogasawara Marine Center, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Saki Okubo
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0822, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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5
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Exceptional long-term sperm storage by a female vertebrate. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252049. [PMID: 34086677 PMCID: PMC8177532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of many vertebrate species have the capacity to store sperm within their reproductive tracts for prolonged periods of time. Termed long-term sperm storage, this phenomenon has many important physiological, ecological, and evolutionary implications, particularly to the study of mating systems, including male reproductive success and post-copulatory sexual selection. Reptiles appear particularly predisposed to long-term sperm storage, with records in most major lineages, with a strong emphasis on turtles and squamates (lizards, snakes, but not the amphisbaenians). Because facultative parthenogenesis is a competing hypothesis to explain the production of offspring after prolonged separation from males, the identification of paternal alleles through genetic analysis is essential. However, few studies in snakes have undertaken this. Here, we report on a wild-collected female Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, maintained in isolation from the time of capture in September 1999, that produced two healthy litters approximately one and six years post capture. Genetic analysis of the 2005 litter, identified paternal contribution in all offspring, thus rejecting facultative parthenogenesis. We conclude that the duration of long-term sperm storage was approximately 6 years (71 months), making this the longest period over which a female vertebrate has been shown to store sperm that resulted in the production of healthy offspring.
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6
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Gilbert SF. Evolutionary developmental biology and sustainability: A biology of resilience. Evol Dev 2021; 23:273-291. [PMID: 33400344 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary developmental biology, and especially ecological developmental biology, is essential for discussions of sustainability and the responses to global climate change. First, this paper explores examples of animals that have successfully altered their development to accommodate human-made changes to their environments. We next document the ability of global warming to disrupt the development of those organisms with temperature-dependent sex-determination or with phenologies coordinating that organism's development with those of other species. The thermotolerance of Homo sapiens is also related to key developmental factors concerning brain development and maintenance, and the development of corals, the keystone organisms of tropical reefs, is discussed in relation to global warming as well as to other anthropogenic changes. While teratogenic and endocrine-disrupting compounds are not discussed in this essay, the ability of glyphosate herbicides to block insect development is highlighted. Last, the paper discusses the need to creatively integrate developmental biology with ecological, political, religious, and economic perspectives, as the flourishing of contemporary species may require altering the ways that Western science has considered the categories of nature, culture, and self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Observation of Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) C Lutching without the Presence of Males and Eggshell Mortality on a Large Tortoise Farm in Slovenia Over a Three-Year Period. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of hatched and fertilized eggs in female Hermann’s tortoises before and after the removal of males after breeding.
A breeding group of Testudo hermanni boettgeri with 50 females and 12 males was included in the study. In the first year, all adults were together in the same habitat until reproductive activity was observed. After the end of May, the males and females were separated for the next two active seasons. The number of eggs and number of second clutches decreased gradually. In the first year, 76.0% of females laid eggs; in the second year, 24.0%; and in the third year, only 8.0%. Second clutches were observed in ten females (26.3%) in the first year, while in the next two years, one female had a second clutch. There was a small but significant correlation between the weight of a single tortoise and the number of eggs laid but no significant correlation between the weight of the tortoise and its average egg weight. The weight (15.1-16.8 g), length (33.9-36.1 mm) and width of each egg (27.5-28.0 mm) was measured.
During the laying season, the eggs were put into incubators. The incubation length varied from 52 to 70 days. After the end of incubation, eggshell mortality and its causes (19.3-52.5%) were examined. In the first year, the viability rate of the incubated eggs was 80.7%; in the second year, 80.5%; and in the third year, 47.8%. Among the unhatched eggs in the first year, 62.5% were unfertilized, 53.1% were infected, 28.1% were dehydrated and 21.9% were found in various stages of embryonic development.
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8
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A Comparison of the Population Genetic Structure and Diversity between a Common (Chrysemys p. picta) and an Endangered (Clemmys guttata) Freshwater Turtle. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11070099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The northeastern United States has experienced dramatic alteration to its landscape since the time of European settlement. This alteration has had major impacts on the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations, but the legacy of this landscape change remains largely unexplored for most species of freshwater turtles. We used microsatellite markers to characterize and compare the population genetic structure and diversity between an abundant generalist, the eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys p. picta), and the rare, more specialized, spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) in Rhode Island, USA. We predicted that because spotted turtles have disproportionately experienced the detrimental effects of habitat loss and fragmentation associated with landscape change, that these effects would manifest in the form of higher inbreeding, less diversity, and greater population genetic structure compared to eastern painted turtles. As expected, eastern painted turtles exhibited little population genetic structure, showed no evidence of inbreeding, and little differentiation among sampling sites. For spotted turtles, however, results were consistent with certain predictions and inconsistent with others. We found evidence of modest inbreeding, as well as tentative evidence of recent population declines. However, genetic diversity and differentiation among sites were comparable between species. As our results do not suggest any major signals of genetic degradation in spotted turtles, the southern region of Rhode Island may serve as a regional conservation reserve network, where the maintenance of population viability and connectivity should be prioritized.
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9
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Bouchard C, Tessier N, Lapointe FJ. Paternity Analysis of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) Reveals Complex Mating Patterns. J Hered 2018; 109:405-415. [PMID: 29149308 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating system characteristics are of great importance as they may influence male and female reproductive success and reproductive isolation. The wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) is a terrestrial freshwater species listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Considering its conservation status and the paucity of information currently available on parentage relationship for the species, we performed a microsatellite analysis to study the mating system of wood turtles in the Shawinigan River (Québec). We sampled 38 clutches over 2 years (14 in 2006 and 24 in 2007), for a total of 248 offspring genotyped with 7 microsatellite loci. The reconstructed genotypes of the fathers revealed that reproductive success in the sampled clutches varied greatly between males and are positively correlated with the number of mates and clutches sired. Frequency of multiple paternity was estimated at 37% through a consensus of 3 different estimation methods. Positive correlation was observed between the genetic diversity of clutches and the number of fathers. Repeat paternity, however, was observed in 88% of the clutches by the same female in successive years, which suggests either a frequent use of sperm storage, or remating with the same partner in successive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bouchard
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tessier
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Gouvernement du Québec, Québec, Canada
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10
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Maduna SN, Van Wyk JH, Da Silva C, Gennari E, Bester-Van Der Merwe AE. Evidence for sperm storage in common smoothhound shark Mustelus mustelus and paternity assessment in a single litter from South Africa. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1183-1191. [PMID: 29492981 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present histological study of adult female common smoothhound shark Mustelus mustelus demonstrates that the species can store sperm in their oviducal glands. In addition, single paternity of a litter of 22 pups is reported, contributing to further knowledge regarding the genetic and behavioural mating strategy of M. mustelus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Maduna
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - J H Van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - C Da Silva
- Fisheries Research, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay ,8012, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Gennari
- Oceans Research, PO Box 1767, Mossel Bay, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag, 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - A E Bester-Van Der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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11
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Miller JM, Quinzin MC, Scheibe EH, Ciofi C, Villalva F, Tapia W, Caccone A. Genetic Pedigree Analysis of the Pilot Breeding Program for the Rediscovered Galapagos Giant Tortoise from Floreana Island. J Hered 2018; 109:620-630. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Maud C Quinzin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Elizabeth H Scheibe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fredy Villalva
- Galapagos Galapagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
| | - Washington Tapia
- Galapagos Galapagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
- Galapagos Conservancy, Fairfax, VA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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12
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Fantin C, Ferreira J, Magalhães M, da Silva Damasseno T, de Melo Pereira DI, Vogt RC. Kinship Analysis of Offspring of the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa) Using Microsatellite DNA Markers. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Fantin
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Genômica, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil []
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Genômica, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil []
| | - Mara Magalhães
- Laboratório de Proteômica e Genômica, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil []
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13
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Immune Activity, but Not Physiological Stress, Differs between the Sexes during the Nesting Season in Painted Turtles. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/16-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Reid BN, Thiel RP, Palsbøll PJ, Peery MZ. Linking Genetic Kinship and Demographic Analyses to Characterize Dispersal: Methods and Application to Blanding’s Turtle. J Hered 2016; 107:603-614. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Population Genetic Structure of Blanding's Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) in New York. J HERPETOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1670/14-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Androgen-related sperm storage in oviduct of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle in vivo during annual cycle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20456. [PMID: 26847578 PMCID: PMC4742787 DOI: 10.1038/srep20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term sperm storage in the female genital tract is essential for the appropriate timing of reproductive events in animals with asynchronous copulation and ovulation. However, the mechanism underlying the prolonged storage of spermatozoa is largely unexplored in turtles. In the present study, the role of androgen in sperm storage was investigated in the oviduct of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Morphological analysis revealed that spermatozoa were observed in the vagina, uterus and isthmus of the oviduct throughout the hibernation season. The increase of circulating testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were consistent with the arrangement of spermatozoa that had their head embedded among the cilia of the oviduct mucosal epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that androgen receptor was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of gland cells and among the cilia of ciliated cells. Furthermore, marked variations in protein and mRNA levels of androgen receptor were validated through Western blot and qPCR analyses. The localization and the variation of androgen receptor demonstrated the crucial roles of androgens in sperm storage in the oviduct of P. sinensis. These results provide fundamental insights into the interaction of androgen and sperm storage and facilitate the elucidation of the mechanism of sperm storage in turtles.
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17
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Giraldo-Perez P, Herrera P, Campbell A, Taylor ML, Skeats A, Aggio R, Wedell N, Price TAR. Winter is coming: hibernation reverses the outcome of sperm competition in a fly. J Evol Biol 2015; 29:371-9. [PMID: 26565889 PMCID: PMC4784169 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sperm commonly compete within females to fertilize ova, but research has focused on short‐term sperm storage: sperm that are maintained in a female for only a few days or weeks before use. In nature, females of many species store sperm for months or years, often during periods of environmental stress, such as cold winters. Here we examine the outcome of sperm competition in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, simulating the conditions in which females survive winter. We mated females to two males and then stored the female for up to 120 days at 4°C. We found that the outcome of sperm competition was consistent when sperm from two males was stored for 0, 1 or 30 days, with the last male to mate fathering most of the offspring. However, when females were stored in the cold for 120 days, the last male to mate fathered less than 5% of the offspring. Moreover, when sperm were stored long term the first male fathered almost all offspring even when he carried a meiotic driving sex chromosome that drastically reduces sperm competitive success under short‐term storage conditions. This suggests that long‐term sperm storage can radically alter the outcome of sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giraldo-Perez
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Herrera
- Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Campbell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M L Taylor
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - A Skeats
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - R Aggio
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Wedell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - T A R Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Rovelli V, Randi E, Davoli F, Macale D, Bologna MA, Vignoli L. She gets many and she chooses the best: polygynandry inSalamandrina perspicillata(Amphibia: Salamandridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università Roma Tre; Viale Marconi 446 Rome 00146 Italy
| | - Ettore Randi
- Laboratorio di Genetica; ISPRA; Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale; Via Cà Fornacetta 9 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) 40064 Italy
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Department of Biotechnology; Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Aalborg University; Sohngaardsholmsvej 57 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark
| | - Francesca Davoli
- Laboratorio di Genetica; ISPRA; Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale; Via Cà Fornacetta 9 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) 40064 Italy
| | - Daniele Macale
- Fondazione Bioparco di Roma; Viale del Giardino Zoologico 20; Rome 00197 Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Vignoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università Roma Tre; Viale Marconi 446 Rome 00146 Italy
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McGuire J, Congdon J, Kinney O, Osentoski M, Scribner K. Influences on male reproductive success in long-lived Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowing how the number and qualities of mates influence male reproductive success (RS) can help interpret mating-system dynamics that are important for conservation efforts. We combined parentage data (1999–2006) with data from a long-term life-history study (1953–2007) of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) on the University of Michigan’s E.S. George Reserve to document the relative influence of mate number and quality on male RS. Blood samples were taken from >92% of resident adults and tissue samples were taken from 723 hatchlings from 92 nests of 54 females over eight nesting seasons. The incidence of multiple paternity averaged 41.6% (N = 77), was variable among years (minimum–maximum = 15.4%–55.6%), and was positively associated with female age, body size, and clutch size. Repeat paternity was observed in 69.9% of sequential clutches of the same female separated by 1–7 years. Male RS was variable (1–40 offspring) and was positively associated with the number of mates and clutches sired. The youngest male to sire offspring was 22 years old. Adult movements that result in encountering different mates and (or) the ability to use attributes (e.g., size or age) to identify high-quality mates have the potential to substantially increase RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. McGuire
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J.D. Congdon
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - O.M. Kinney
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
- Darlington School, 1014 Cave Spring Road, Rome, GA 30161, USA
| | | | - K.T. Scribner
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Anthonysamy WJB, Dreslik MJ, Douglas MR, Marioni NK, Phillips CA. Reproductive Ecology of an Endangered Turtle in a Fragmented Landscape. COPEIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-13-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Female reproductive qualities affect male painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) reproductive success. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cutuli G, Cannicci S, Vannini M, Fratini S. Influence of male courtship intensity and male-male competition on paternity distribution in Hermann's tortoise,Testudo hermanni hermanni(Chelonia: Testudinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cutuli
- Department of Biology; University of Florence; via Madonna del Piano 6 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- Department of Biology; University of Florence; via Madonna del Piano 6 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Marco Vannini
- Department of Biology; University of Florence; via Madonna del Piano 6 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Sara Fratini
- Department of Biology; University of Florence; via Madonna del Piano 6 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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Le Cam S, Riquet F, Pechenik JA, Viard F. Paternity and gregariousness in the sex-changing sessile marine gastropod Crepidula convexa: comparison with other protandrous Crepidula species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 105:397-406. [PMID: 24489076 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In sex-changing animals with internal fertilization, gregarious behavior may increase mating opportunities and the frequency of multiple paternity, thus increasing maternal reproductive success. Crepidula convexa is a direct-developing protandrous gastropod characterized by only modest gregarious behavior compared with previously studied members of the genus: females are frequently found isolated. Using 6 microsatellite markers, we analyzed paternity profiles in 10 broods (25 embryos per mother). The number of assigned fathers varied among families from 1 to 4 fathers per brood. Interestingly, polyandry was not detected in solitary females but only in females grouped with conspecific individuals. Overall, we found an average of 1.8 fathers per brood, but this increased to 2.6 fathers per brood when considering only the nonisolated females. Among 18 unambiguously identified fathers, only 5 were collected in our samples, suggesting substantial male mobility. Comparison with previous paternity analyses in Crepidula fornicata and Crepidula coquimbensis revealed that polyandry appears as a common trait of these sex-changing gastropods despite their different grouping behaviors and life histories. As expected, the level of polyandry was nevertheless lower in the modestly gregarious C. convexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Le Cam
- the UPMC Univ Paris 06, Adaptation & Diversity in the Marine Environment, UMR 7144 and CNRS, UMR 7144, Team Diversity & Connectivity in Coastal Marine Landscapes, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, France
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PURNAMA DEWI, ZAMANI NEVIATYPUTRI, FARAJALLAH ACHMAD. Microsatellite DNA Analysis on the Polyandry of Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.20.4.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Farrell ED, O'Sullivan N, Sacchi C, Mariani S. Multiple paternity in the starry smooth-hound sharkMustelus asterias(Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niall O'Sullivan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Carlotta Sacchi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Manchester UK
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Jensen EL, Govindarajulu P, Russello MA. When the shoe doesn’t fit: applying conservation unit concepts to western painted turtles at their northern periphery. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Banger N, Blouin-Demers G, Bulté G, Lougheed SC. More sires may enhance offspring fitness in Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica). CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection theory predicts that males should be promiscuous to maximize their reproductive success, while females should be choosy. Yet females of many taxa often produce progeny sired by multiple males, indicating that promiscuity can be important for the reproductive success of females. Promiscuity may enhance the fitness of females if it increases the genetic quality, or the genetic variety, and thus the viability of their offspring. We quantified the number of sires per clutch in a population of Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica (LeSueur, 1817)) in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, and tested whether the number of sires affects several metrics of viability in hatchlings. Based on the most conservative estimate, at least 71% of clutches in this population are sired by multiple males, but there was no evidence that larger clutches are sired by more males. Clutches sired by more males had higher hatching success and survival, but the differences were not statistically significant. We did not find any effect of the number of sires on hatchling morphology or locomotor performance. Collectively, our results partially support the hypothesis that promiscuity can increase the reproductive success of female Northern Map Turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Banger
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gabriel Blouin-Demers
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Grégory Bulté
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Lougheed
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Spatial aspects of movements, mating patterns, and nest distributions influence gene flow among population subunits of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Phillips KP, Jorgensen TH, Jolliffe KG, Jolliffe SM, Henwood J, Richardson DS. Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2301-12. [PMID: 23379838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Postcopulatory sperm storage can serve a range of functions, including ensuring fertility, allowing delayed fertilization and facilitating sexual selection. Sperm storage is likely to be particularly important in wide-ranging animals with low population densities, but its prevalence and importance in such taxa, and its role in promoting sexual selection, are poorly known. Here, we use a powerful microsatellite array and paternal genotype reconstruction to assess the prevalence of sperm storage and test sexual selection hypotheses of genetic biases to paternity in one such species, the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata. In the majority of females (90.7%, N = 43), all offspring were sired by a single male. In the few cases of multiple paternity (9.3%), two males fertilized each female. Importantly, the identity and proportional fertilization success of males were consistent across all sequential nests laid by individual females over the breeding season (up to five nests over 75 days). No males were identified as having fertilized more than one female, suggesting that a large number of males are available to females. No evidence for biases to paternity based on heterozygosity or relatedness was found. These results indicate that female hawksbill turtles are predominantly monogamous within a season, store sperm for the duration of the nesting season and do not re-mate between nests. Furthermore, females do not appear to be using sperm storage to facilitate sexual selection. Consequently, the primary value of storing sperm in marine turtles may be to uncouple mating and fertilization in time and avoid costly re-mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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30
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Influence of mating order on courtship displays and stored sperm utilization in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni hermanni). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Effects of road proximity on genetic diversity and reproductive success of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McGuire J, Congdon J, Scribner K, Capps J. Variation in female reproductive quality and reproductive success of male Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata). CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although mate number is perceived to be the primary factor affecting male reproductive success in polygynous systems, differences in female reproductive qualities may also influence variation in male reproductive success. We combined 32 years of data on variation in reproductive qualities (clutch size and clutch frequency) of female Midland Painted Turtles ( Chrysemys picta marginata Agassiz, 1857) with genetic data on patterns of repeated paternity (i.e., stored sperm use) and multiple paternity to examine the potential influence on male reproductive success. Over 24 years (1983–2006), the number of reproductive females each year averaged 84 (minimum–maximum = 62–106) and, on average, 23% (minimum–maximum = 6%–40%) produced two clutches (intraseasonally). Among females with reproductive histories spanning 5–24 years (N = 167), 26% of individuals produced only one clutch annually, whereas 74% produced two clutches within a season. Among just intraseasonally iteroparous females, second-clutch production varied from 7% to 50%. Repeated paternity was observed in 97.5% of 40 paired clutches and 44% of 9 among-year comparisons of clutches from consecutive years. The frequent use of stored sperm to fertilize sequential clutches within and potentially among years can substantially increase a male’s reproductive success, particularly if males can base mating decisions on phenotypic characteristics correlated with female quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. McGuire
- Department of Zoology, 203 Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J.D. Congdon
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
- Bar Boot Ranch, Box 1128, Douglas, AZ 85608, USA
| | - K.T. Scribner
- Department of Zoology, 203 Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J.D. Capps
- Allterra Environmental Inc., 207-B McPherson Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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BOOTH WARREN, SCHUETT GORDONW. Molecular genetic evidence for alternative reproductive strategies in North American pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae): long-term sperm storage and facultative parthenogenesis. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Davy CM, Edwards T, Lathrop A, Bratton M, Hagan M, Henen B, Nagy KA, Stone J, Hillard LS, Murphy RW. Polyandry and multiple paternities in the threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Rhen T, Schroeder A, Sakata JT, Huang V, Crews D. Segregating variation for temperature-dependent sex determination in a lizard. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 106:649-60. [PMID: 20700140 PMCID: PMC2980574 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was first reported in 1966 in an African lizard. It has since been shown that TSD occurs in some fish, several lizards, tuataras, numerous turtles and all crocodilians. Extreme temperatures can also cause sex reversal in several amphibians and lizards with genotypic sex determination. Research in TSD species indicates that estrogen signaling is important for ovary development and that orthologs of mammalian genes have a function in gonad differentiation. Nevertheless, the mechanism that actually transduces temperature into a biological signal for ovary versus testis development is not known in any species. Classical genetics could be used to identify the loci underlying TSD, but only if there is segregating variation for TSD. Here, we use the 'animal model' to analyze inheritance of sexual phenotype in a 13-generation pedigree of captive leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius, a TSD reptile. We directly show genetic variance and genotype-by-temperature interactions for sex determination. Additive genetic variation was significant at a temperature that produces a female-biased sex ratio (30°C), but not at a temperature that produces a male-biased sex ratio (32.5°C). Conversely, dominance variance was significant at the male-biased temperature (32.5°C), but not at the female-biased temperature (30°C). Non-genetic maternal effects on sex determination were negligible in comparison with additive genetic variance, dominance variance and the primary effect of temperature. These data show for the first time that there is segregating variation for TSD in a reptile and consequently that a quantitative trait locus analysis would be practicable for identifying the genes underlying TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rhen
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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37
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McGAUGH SE, JANZEN FJ. Effective heritability of targets of sex-ratio selection under environmental sex determination. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:784-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Liu JX, Avise JC. High degree of multiple paternity in the viviparous Shiner Perch, Cymatogaster aggregata, a fish with long-term female sperm storage. MARINE BIOLOGY 2011; 158:893-901. [PMID: 24391263 PMCID: PMC3873152 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-010-1616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons) exhibits a viviparous reproductive mode and long-term female sperm storage, two biological features that may predispose this fish species for both intense sperm competition and frequent multiple paternity within broods. To test these hypotheses, we used polymorphic microsatellite markers to identify sires and quantify paternal contributions to the progeny arrays of 27 pregnant females from a natural population of C. aggregata. The number of sires per brood ranged from one to eight (mean 4.6), typically with skewed distributions of fertilization success by the fathers but no correlation between sire number and brood size. The extraordinarily high incidences of multiple paternity in this species probably are due in part to high rates of mate encounter, but selection pressures related to the avoidance of maternal-fetal incompatibility may further have promoted the evolution of polyandrous mating behaviors in this female-pregnant species. Our genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that viviparity, long-term sperm storage, and extreme polyandry are interrelated reproductive phenomena that should promote the evolution of post-copulatory sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice in these fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Liu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - John C. Avise
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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40
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Parrott A, David Logan J. Effects of temperature variation on TSD in turtle (C. picta) populations. Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McGaugh SE, Schwanz LE, Bowden RM, Gonzalez JE, Janzen FJ. Inheritance of nesting behaviour across natural environmental variation in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 277:1219-26. [PMID: 20018783 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesting behaviour is critical for reproductive success in oviparous organisms with no parental care. In organisms where sex is determined by incubation temperature, nesting behaviour may be a prime target of selection in response to unbalanced sex ratios. To produce an evolutionary change in response to sex-ratio selection, components of nesting behaviour must be heritable. We estimated the field heritability of two key components of nesting behaviour in a population of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) with temperature-dependent sex determination by applying the 'animal model' to a pedigree reconstructed from genotype data. We obtained estimates of low to non-detectable heritability using repeated records across all environments. We then determined environment-specific heritability by grouping records with similar temperatures for the winter preceding the nesting season, a variable known to be highly associated with our two traits of interest, nest vegetation cover and Julian date of nesting. The heritability estimates of nest vegetation cover and Julian date of nesting were qualitatively highest and significant, or nearly so, after hot winters. Additive genetic variance for these traits was not detectable after cold winters. Our analysis suggests that the potential for evolutionary change of nesting behaviour may be dependent on the thermal conditions of the preceding winter, a season that is predicted to be especially subject to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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da Silva AG, Williams KE, Kirk SL, Bishop CA, Hodges KE, Russello MA. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in two species-at-risk in British Columbia: Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-009-9136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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LANCE SL, TUBERVILLE TD, DUECK L, HOLZ-SCHIETINGER C, TROSCLAIR PL, ELSEY RM, GLENN TC. Multiyear multiple paternity and mate fidelity in the American alligator,Alligator mississippiensis. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4508-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Al-Lawati H, Kamp G, Bienefeld K. Characteristics of the spermathecal contents of old and young honeybee queens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:116-121. [PMID: 19027748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sperm are often stored, for a long time after mating, in females of various animal species. In case of the queen honeybee (Apis mellifera), sperm remain fertile for several years in the spermatheca. Little information is available regarding the effect of long-term storage of sperm on its fertility. To evaluate this, enzymes and/or sperm have been analysed from the spermatheca of 75 queens of various ages (0 year Y0, n=14; one year Y1, n=14; two years Y2, n=7; virgin queen VQ, n=40) and semen samples have been taken from 46 drones. The sperm from the spermatheca of older queens move more slowly (F=11.45, P < 0.0001) and show different movement patterns (Chi2=90.0, P < 0.0001) from those of the other groups. The spermatheca content of differently aged mated queens differ significantly with respect to the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (F=3.37, P < 0.05), citrate synthase (F=6.24, P < 0.005) and arginine kinase (F=9.44, P < 0.0006). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (F=0.10, P=0.91) does not differ significantly. The results suggest considerable changes in the energy metabolic profile of the spermatheca tissue, of the sperm or of both during sperm storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Lawati
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Street 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
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Rice AM, Pearse DE, Becker T, Newman RA, Lebonville C, Harper GR, Pfennig KS. Development and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) with cross-amplification in Plains spadefoot toads (S. bombifrons). Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 8:1386-9. [PMID: 21586053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. Allele numbers range from five to 12, with observed heterozygosities from 0.48 to 0.87. Because two loci are in linkage disequilibrium, these nine loci provide eight independent markers. Three loci exhibit departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, possibly resulting from null alleles or population admixture. These markers will be useful for assessing population structure and relatedness in S. multiplicata. Based on our success at cross-amplification in the Plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons), these loci also may be useful in this species with additional optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rice
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA, Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Richtsmeier RJ, Bernstein NP, Demastes JW, Black RW. Migration, Gene Flow, and Genetic Diversity Within and Among Iowa Populations of Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata). CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0653.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Han X, Zhangli L, Li M, Bao H, Hei N, Chen Q. Ultrastructure of anterior uterus of the oviduct and the stored sperm in female soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx sinensis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:335-51. [PMID: 18231967 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructure of sperm storage in female soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx sinensis was examined under light and electron microscopes. Sperm storage tubules are restricted to the anterior of the uterus. These tubules developed either by folding or fusion of the oviductal mucosal folds and are lined by both ciliated and secretory cells. Ciliated cells are characterized by a few microvilli and prominent cilia in the apical membranes. A prominent feature of the secretory cell is the presence of secretory granules in the supranuclear region. The size, shape, and electron density of these granules vary markedly. The secretory product is released mainly by exocytosis into the oviductal lumen, where it appears as flocculent material. The unique structure in the base of the epithelium, the basal border of the cell -- the basal lamina -- and a blood vessel layer, is presumed to be a important barrier, by which the nourishment exchange and the microenvironment maintenance are ensured. The gland cell is presented with numerous, round, membrane-bound secretory granules of moderate to high electron densities. We divide these granules into three types according to their appearance: (1) membrane bounded granules with high-homogeneous electron density, (2) membrane bounded granules with moderate-homogeneous electron density, (3) membrane bounded, electron dense granules with concentric structures. These granules are presented as different stages of the secretions in the gland cell. The junction complexes are markedly distributed between cells, which are important in keeping stability and the microenvironment maintenance of the sperm storage tubules. Sperm stored in the tubules are heterogeneous in cytology. In addition to the mature sperm in the lumen, sperm with large chromatic granules are found, which are presumed to be immature sperm and are being in the process of nuclear condensation. Several spermatozoa in the tubules are exhibited with definitive indications of degeneration of the nuclei. The nuclear volume increases. The electron density of the central cores in mitochondria declines, combined with the deterioration of concentric membrane structure. Those changes are possibly due to the long time storage of the sperm in sperm storage tubules, and the leakage of reactive oxygen species is suggested to be a major cause. We conclude that the ultrastructure character of sperm storage in the oviduct of Trionyx sinensis is unique, in addition to having a basal function in secretion and the cilia swing, the tubules also provide an available microenvironment for the sperm to long time stored. The degenerative sperm in the tubules might be related to paternity-specific reproductive adaptations, and the sperm competition might occur during long time storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Theissinger K, FitzSimmons NN, Limpus CJ, Parmenter CJ, Phillott AD. Mating system, multiple paternity and effective population size in the endemic flatback turtle (Natator depressus) in Australia. CONSERV GENET 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zuffi MAL, Celani A, Foschi E, Tripepi S. Reproductive strategies and body shape in the European pond turtle (
Emys orbicularis
) from contrasting habitats in Italy. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. L. Zuffi
- Museum of Natural History and Territory, University of Pisa, Calci, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Celani
- Department of Ecology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - E. Foschi
- Museum of Natural History and Territory, University of Pisa, Calci, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Tripepi
- Department of Ecology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
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