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Li K, Chen S, Wang J, Xiao X, Song Z, Liu S. Tooth whitening: current status and prospects. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00914-4. [PMID: 38565694 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As a safe, effective, economical, and convenient technique, tooth whitening is one of the most popular treatments for improving tooth discoloration. This review summarizes the theoretical and recent research developments in the classification and mechanisms of tooth discoloration, as well as the principles, agents, effects, and side effects of tooth whitening techniques. The aim is to provide a basis for the clinical treatment of tooth whitening techniques and to suggest possible new ideas for further research. The accepted mechanism of whitening is the redox reaction of oxides in the whitening reagent, and the whitening effect is remarkable. However, side effects such as tooth sensitivity and irritation of gum and other oral soft tissues can still occur. It is recommended that more monitoring be carried out in the clinic to monitor these side effects, and care should be taken to protect the soft tissues in the mouth during office whitening procedures. Furthermore, there is a need to develop new additives or natural whitening products to reduce the occurrence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Daneshpooy M, Azar FP, Nouri F, Safaralizadeh R. Investigating the Effect of Internal Bleaching With 10% Carbamide Peroxide on the Color Change of Three Types of Common Endodontic Sealers. Cureus 2024; 16:e53116. [PMID: 38420069 PMCID: PMC10899006 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Color change caused by materials used for endodontic treatment is an important clinical issue. The current research examined the impact of internal bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on discolored teeth resulting from various types of sealers. Materials and methods In this study, 36 anterior teeth were cut from 1 mm beneath the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and the samples were divided into three groups of 12. Then, AH26 (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), Endofill (Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Petrópolis, Brazil), and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) color change potential sealers were placed inside the pulp chamber. The cervical access cavity was covered with a thin layer of glass ionomer. After one month, the material was removed, and bleaching was done with 10% carbamide peroxide. The color of the samples was measured by a spectrophotometer before bleaching, one week after bleaching, and one week after bleaching again. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY), with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results The results showed that the factor of time and material used and the opposing effect of these two on the amount of L and ΔE were statistically significant (P<0.05). After one to two weeks of internal bleaching, all groups showed some degree of reduction in sealer-induced discoloration. In addition, in all groups, the largest difference in L was related to the difference in L0 and L2 (before bleaching and one week after bleaching again), and the lowest difference was related to the difference in L0 and L1. Also, the highest ΔE(T0,T1) belonged to the Endofill group, and this significantly differed from the AH26 group. AH26 showed the lowest value of ΔE(T0,T1), and after two weeks, the ΔE of all groups was higher than the clinically observable limit. The highest ΔE(T2,T0) among the groups belonged to the Endofill group. The ΔE(T2,T0) of AH26 and Endofill was significantly higher than AH Plus. Among all ΔE values, the AH Plus group had the lowest values. Conclusion Color change caused by Endofill and AH26 sealers showed a better response to internal bleaching than the AH Plus sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daneshpooy
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - F Pournaqi Azar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - F Nouri
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
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Mehrotra A, Singh S, Podar RS, Shetty R, Salgar A, Kumar M. An in vitro comparative evaluation of intraorifice barriers and bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated anterior teeth. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2023; 26:646-650. [PMID: 38292738 PMCID: PMC10823973 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_270_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of different bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth when using either GC Fuji type 2 glass ionomer cement (GIC) or Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE as intraorifice barriers (IOB). Materials and Methods A total of 80 single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were prepared and obturated. Three millimeters of gutta-percha was then removed from the orifice. The specimens were divided into two primary groups based on the type of IOB material used: GC Fuji type 2 GIC and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE (n = 40). Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the bleaching agent used: Carbamide peroxide (CP) 37%, sodium perborate (SP), hydrogen peroxide (HP) 35%, and distilled water used as the control (n = 10). The teeth were subjected to fracture resistance testing. Results The study found that the order of root fracture resistance was control > CP > SP > HP. There was no statistically significant difference in fracture resistance between GC Fuji type 2 GIC and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE when used as IOB materials. Conclusion The study concluded that the choice of bleaching agent significantly affects the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. It was observed that fracture resistance is lowest with HP, followed by SP and CP. Both GC Fuji type 2 Glass Ionomer and Shofu Glass Ionomer RX EASE are effective as IOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Mehrotra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Shishir Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Rajesh Satyanarain Podar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Roshan Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Avinash Salgar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College, Thiruvallur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Amer M. Intracoronal tooth bleaching - A review and treatment guidelines. Aust Dent J 2023; 68 Suppl 1:S141-S152. [PMID: 37975331 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Intracoronal bleaching is a minimally invasive procedure that was introduced into dentistry in the 19th century. The role of that procedure in enhancing the colour of teeth subjected to internal discolouration while being conservative made it extremely popular amongst dental professionals. Different materials and techniques have been utilized over the years attempting to obtain predictable long-term results while minimizing any associated risks. Contemporarily, bleaching agents are mainly based on peroxide-releasing compounds in different formulations and delivery systems. Different theories have been formulated on the bleaching mechanism of such agents, but the exact mechanism is yet to be proven. The effect of hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents on the organic structure of enamel and dentine has been extensively investigated to address the effects of bonding of resin-based restorative materials to hard tooth structure. Multiple case reports raised a concern about the contribution of intracoronal bleaching in developing invasive root resorption. Modification of intracoronal bleaching techniques was thus necessary to address such concerns. This review will provide a summary of the important aspects of intracoronal bleaching, focusing on how it applies to the contemporary clinical setting. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amer
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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D GT, Gupta S, Rana KS, Kulkarni A, Jadhaw D, Vijaywargiya N, Pawar S, Pagare N. Evaluating the Effect of Different Intra-Orifice Barriers and Various Bleaching Agents on the Fracture Resistance of Teeth After the Walking Bleach Procedure: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40509. [PMID: 37461750 PMCID: PMC10350291 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different commercially available intra-orifice barriers and bleaching agents on root canal-treated teeth. Materials and methods Forty-five freshly extracted single-rooted incisors, canine, and premolars were collected and stored in 10% formalin. Root canal procedures were performed on the extracted teeth and these were classified into three groups and three subgroups (n=5). Group 1: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC); placed at the level of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and cured for 20 seconds. Group 2: BiodentinTM (Septodont Ltd., Saint Maur des Fausse´s, France); powder and liquid were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and placed at the level of CEJ, and waited for 15 minutes to set. Group 3: bulk-fill composite; placed at the level of CEJ. Group A was treated with 35% carbamide peroxide (Ultradent Opalescence 35% PF regular). Group B was bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola Office). Group C, which was the control group, was treated with distilled water. The bleaching procedure was repeated once every seven days for a period of three weeks. After bleaching, every sample was sectioned 2 mm above the level of CEJ to remove the crown. Auniversal testing machine (UTM) was used for the evaluation of the fracture resistance of teeth. Data were analyzed for significance by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further pair-wise comparison was performed by pos-hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05 Results There was a significant difference between the fracture resistance of the three materials when bleached using distilled water (p<0.05). The fracture resistance of Group 3 was significantly greater than that of Group 2 and Group 1 (p<0.05). The difference in the fracture resistance between Group 1 and Group 2 was nonsignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion Walking bleach performed via bleaching agents 35% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide leads to a reduction in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth; 35% hydrogen peroxide causes more fracture resistance reduction than carbamide peroxide of the same concentration. The presence of intra-orifice barriers leads to greater fracture resistance and reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth that undergo the walking bleach procedure. Bulk-fill composite can be used as an intra-orifice barrier with good fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geo T D
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Kuldeep Singh Rana
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Anisha Kulkarni
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Dimple Jadhaw
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Neelam Vijaywargiya
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Shraddha Pawar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
| | - Nilima Pagare
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, IND
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Abduljalil M, Sakalli B, Basmaci F. Impact of different intraorifice barriers on fracture resistance of non-vital bleached teeth. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:95-101. [PMID: 36751830 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_511_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bleaching agents on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using different intraorifice barrier (IOB) materials. Materials and Methods The endodontic treatment was performed for 160 mandibular premolars, and then, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the IOB: Ionoseal, Biodentine, ProRoot MTA, and TheraBase. Then, these teeth were subdivided into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the bleaching agents as distilled water (control), hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP), sodium perborate (SP), and carbamide peroxide 37% (CP). The access cavities were restored with composite resin after applying the bleaching agents for 7 days. The fracture resistance test was performed using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at 5%. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effect of bleaching agents on the surfaces of IOBs. Results The highest fracture resistance values were observed in Biodentine groups with significant differences compared to Ionoseal and ProRoot MTA (P <.05). The distilled water groups showed significantly the highest fracture resistance compared to SP and HP groups (P <.05). There was no significant difference between SP, HP, and CP groups (P >.05). It was demonstrated that the morphological surface of the intact IOBs (control) was different from the surface of IOBs treated with bleaching agents. Conclusion The intracoronal bleaching procedures affected negatively the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abduljalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - B Sakalli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - F Basmaci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
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Kahler B. Present status and future directions - Managing discoloured teeth. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:922-950. [PMID: 35188275 PMCID: PMC9790475 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Managing tooth discolouration involves a range of different protocols for clinicians and patients in order to achieve an aesthetic result. There is an increasing public awareness in the appearance of their teeth and management of tooth discolouration may be inter-disciplinary and involve both vital and nonvital teeth. Vital teeth can be easily treated with low concentration hydrogen peroxide products safely and effectively using an external approach and trays. For endodontically treated teeth, the walking bleach technique with hydrogen releasing peroxide products is popular. However, there is an association with external cervical root resorption with higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide of 30%-35%. There are also regulatory considerations for the use of hydrogen peroxide in certain jurisdictions internationally. Prosthodontic treatments are more invasive and involve loss of tooth structure as well as a life cycle of further treatment in the future. This narrative review is based on searches on PubMed and the Cochrane library. Bleaching endodontically treated teeth can be considered a safe and effective protocol in the management of discoloured teeth. However, the association between bleaching and resorption remains unclear although there is likely to be a relation to prior trauma. It is prudent to avoid thermocatalytic approaches and to use a base/sealer to cover the root filling. An awareness expectations of patients and multidisciplinary treatment considerations is important in achieving the aesthetic result for the patient. It is likely that there will be an increasing demand for aesthetic whitening treatments. Bleaching of teeth has also become increasingly regulated although there are international differences in the use and concentration of bleaching agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Kahler
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,The University of Queensland Oral Health CentreHerstonQueenslandAustralia
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Lin XJ, Hong DW, Lu ZC, Yu H. Effect of quercetin pretreatment on the immediate and aged bond strength of bleached dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105476. [PMID: 36179613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin pretreatment on the bond strength of bleached dentin. Human dentin blocks (2 × 2 × 1 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 16): deionized water pretreatment + no bleaching treatment (DNB); deionized water pretreatment + bleaching treatment (DYB); 75 μg/mL quercetin pretreatment + bleaching (Q75B); 150 μg/mL quercetin pretreatment + bleaching (Q150B); and 300 μg/mL quercetin pretreatment + bleaching (Q300B). The surfaces of superficial dentin (bonding surfaces) were treated with the respective solutions for 2 min, and then the surfaces opposite to the bonding surfaces (near pulp, bleaching surfaces) were subjected to bleaching treatment with 40% hydrogen peroxide (Ultradent, USA) for two 15-min sessions (groups DYB, Q75B, Q150B, and Q300B). After the bleaching procedure, the bonding surfaces were bonded with resin cements (Panavia V5, Kuraray, Japan). The bonded specimens were then divided into 2 subgroups (n = 8): the aging group (subgroup T), which was subjected to 10,000 thermocycles, and the nonaging group (subgroup N), which was not subjected to thermocycling. The microshear bond strength (μSBS) was obtained using a universal testing machine (AGS-X, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan). Additional dentin blocks (5 × 5 × 1 mm) were prepared and treated the same as the groups DYB, Q75B, Q150B, and Q300B (n = 8) to evaluate the color change, defined as groups CCDYB, CCQ75B, CCQ150B, and CCQ300B, respectively. Color evaluation was performed using a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0, Vident, USA) to obtain a baseline and again at the end of the bleaching treatment. The data were analyzed via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). For the immediate bond strength, the specimens in the groups Q75B, Q150B, and Q300B showed significantly higher μSBS values than those in the group DYB (all P < 0.05). No significant differences in the μSBS values were found among the groups Q75B, Q150B, Q300B, and DNB, respectively (all P > 0.05). For the aged bond strength, both the groups Q150B and Q300B exhibited significantly higher μSBS values than groups DYB and DNB (all P < 0.05), whereas no significance differences were found between groups Q150B and Q300B (P = 1.00) or between the groups DYB and DNB (P = 1.00). No significant differences were observed in the △E values among all the groups tested (P = 0.80). Therefore, the application of quercetin for 2 min prior to the bleaching procedure preserved the immediate bond strength and improved the aged bond strength of bleached dentin while maintaining the effectiveness of bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jiao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Cen Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, China; Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Irusa K, Alrahaem IA, Ngoc CN, Donovan T. Tooth whitening procedures: A narrative review. DENTISTRY REVIEW 2022; 2:100055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dentre.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Christofzik DW, Glandorf P, Conrad J, Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Größner-Schreiber B, Dörfer CE. 2D radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography and 3D CBCT-based planning software in access cavity preparation: A single blinded randomised controlled in vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:283-296. [PMID: 34558154 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study compared endodontic access cavities prepared by operators of different experience levels (students, general-practitioners and specialists), guided by periapical radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or 3D CBCT-based planning software, with regards to tooth substance loss and preparation errors. Operators (n = 34) prepared endodontic access cavities in 306 three-dimensionally printed copies of human teeth with standardised anatomies. Access cavities were volumetrically assessed post-operative using digital scans, while preparation errors were evaluated with CBCT. Tooth substance loss was significantly influenced by the operator's experience, being highest with students', followed by general-practitioners and specialists (P < 0.05), with no significant association with the employed imaging/planning modality. Pulp chamber floor, iatrogenic perforations and incomplete pulpal roof removal were insignificant between operator groups or imaging/planning modalities. It can be concluded that irrespective of advancement in imaging/planning modalities the practitioner's experience level remains to be the decisive factor significantly influencing tooth substance loss during endodontic access cavity preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christofzik
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Glandorf
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Conrad
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Birte Größner-Schreiber
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Hirata BS, Berger SB, Guiraldo RD, Felizardo KR, Ramos NBP, Lopes MB. Assessing the bleaching effect of an experimental stabilized chlorine dioxide agent used for internal bleaching purposes. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8667878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assessing the intracoronal bleaching effectiveness of an experimental chlorine dioxide product, based on the walking bleach technique. Methods: Extracted bovine incisors were artificially stained with bovine blood and filled with zinc phosphate cement at cementoenamel junction level. Teeth were divided into 3 groups (n=10): (SP) sodium perborate added with distilled water, (CD) chlorine dioxide and (C) control – dry cotton inserted into the pulp chamber. Bleaching agents were used at 0, 7 and 14 days. VITA Easyshadetm (ΔEab) was used to analyze tooth color at the 7th, 14th and 21st days, based on the CIE2000 system. Data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in Δb, ΔE, ΔE00 and ΔWID between CD and the control group. These parameters have shown significant differences between CD and SP, which differed from the control. However, they did not show significant differences either in the control group or in CD at the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Values recorded for SP at the 7th day differed from those recorded at the 14th and 21st days. Δa has shown differences within the same group at the 7th, 14th and 21st days. There was no difference between groups, when they were compared at the same day (7th and 14th). The control group differed from SP at the 21st day. CD did not differ from the other two groups. ΔL did not show differences between groups and times. Conclusion: Stabilized chlorine dioxide (0.07%, at pH 3.5) should not be used as intracoronal bleaching agent along with the walking bleach technique.
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Sakalli B, Basmaci F, Dalmizrak O. Evaluation of the penetration of intracoronal bleaching agents into the cervical region using different intraorifice barriers. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:266. [PMID: 35773675 PMCID: PMC9248123 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to make a comparison between the effects of 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (HP) and sodium perborate with distilled water (SP) bleaching agents on the sealing characteristics of glass ionomer cement (GIC), TheraBase, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine intraorifice barriers. Methods One hundred and twelve single-rooted mandibular human premolar teeth extracted from young patients (14–25 years) were chosen. Root cement and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of teeth were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10 × magnification to ensure there was no cement defect or dentin gap in CEJ. After the endodontic access cavities were opened on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, the working length was determined. Instrumentation of each root canal was performed with a ProTaper Gold rotary system in the determined working length and filled with gutta-percha + AH Plus with a single cone technique using. Root fillings were removed 3 mm short of the CEJ and sealed with one of the following intraorifice barrier materials (n = 30/group): 1. GIC; 2. TheraBase; 3. ProProot-MTA; 4. Biodentine. In each of the sub-groups, either HP or SP was used to perform intracoronal bleaching on days 1, 4, and 7. All outer surfaces of the specimens except the 3 mm cervical region were covered with nail polish and modeling wax layers. Specimens were immersed in a 5 ml Eppendorf tube that contained 2 mL of distilled water. The penetration of peroxide release was measured using the colorimetric ferric thiocyanate method. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with Three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P = 0.05). Results In the HP groups, GIC showed the greatest peroxide release when compared with other tested groups on day 1 (P < 0.05). Biodentine and ProRoot MTA displayed a significantly lower peroxide leakage when compared to GIC and TheraBase on days 1 and 4 (P < 0.05). While GIC and TheraBase were used, HP observed higher peroxide penetration when compared with SP on days 1 and 4 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Peroxide diffusion was significantly influenced by the kind of intracoronal bleaching agents and intraorifice barrier materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugce Sakalli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Basmaci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Liu M, Huang L, Xu X, Wei X, Yang X, Li X, Wang B, Xu Y, Li L, Yang Z. Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9479-9497. [PMID: 35713471 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral infectious diseases and tooth staining, the main challenges of dental healthcare, are inextricably linked to microbial colonization and the formation of pathogenic biofilms. However, dentistry has so far still lacked simple, safe, and universal prophylactic options and therapy. Here, we report copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) that display enhanced catalytic (catalase-like, peroxidase-like) activity in the oral environment for inhibiting initial bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) adhesion and for subsequent biofilm eradication without impacting the surrounding oral tissues via oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Especially, Cu-CDs exhibit strong affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycans (PGN), thus conferring them with excellent antibacterial ability against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), such that they can prevent wound purulent infection and promoting rapid wound healing. Additionally, the Cu-CDs/H2O2 system shows a better performance in tooth whitening, compared with results obtained with other alternatives, e.g., CDs and clinically used H2O2, particularly its negligible enamel and dentin destruction. It is anticipated that the biocompatible Cu-CDs presented in this work are a promising nano-mouthwash for eliminating oral pathogenic biofilms, prompting wound healing as well as tooth whitening, highlighting their significance in oral health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Influence of intracoronal bleaching agents on the bond strength of MTA cements to composite resin and their surface morphology. Odontology 2022; 110:148-156. [PMID: 34370134 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate micro-tensile bond strength (µSBS) of MTA cements to composite resin using a universal adhesive after internal bleaching procedure, and to examine surface characteristics of MTA cements exposed to bleaching agents. MTA specimens were divided into three subgroups according to the bleaching agent used which were, 37% carbamide peroxide (CP), 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and no exposure as a control group (n = 12). After exposure to bleaching agent, composite resins were applied to MTA surfaces using a universal adhesive in self-etch mode. The specimens were exposed to a shear force until failure to evaluate bond strength. MTA surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the effects of the bleaching agents. Differences between groups were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test and intergroup comparisons were assessed with Tukey test (p < 0.05). Although there was a slight difference in bond strength between bleaching agents (CP and HP), no significant difference was found, irrespective of MTA cement. After the HP application, the bond strength values decreased approximately by half compared with the controls. SEM results demonstrated distinct morphological differences between the intact MTA surface (control) and treated MTA surface. Distinct micro-cracks, surface irregularities, and capillary voids formed due to the superficial dissolution caused by peroxides. Exposure to the intra-coronal bleaching agents had a negative influence on the surface morphology of MTA cements and their bond strength to composite resin.
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Monga P, Talwar S, Mahajan P, Bajaj N, Marya P, Gandhi P. Comparative evaluation of different access cavity designs on intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth using two different agents – An in vitro study. ENDODONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_112_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Frank AC, Kanzow P, Rödig T, Wiegand A. Comparison of the Bleaching Efficacy of Different Agents Used for Internal Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2021; 48:171-178. [PMID: 34762968 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the efficacy of different bleaching agents typically used for internal bleaching of endodontically treated discolored teeth. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched by 2 reviewers for clinical trials in which the color of endodontically treated discolored teeth before and after internal bleaching was examined using shade guide units (ΔSGU) or a spectrophotometer/colorimeter (ΔE). The efficacies of the bleaching agents were compared using subgroup analyses. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the systematic review, 6 of which could be included in the meta-analyses. Internal bleaching led to a significant change in tooth shade (ΔSGU: 6.27 [95% confidence interval, 5.36-7.17], ΔE: 12.83 [95% confidence interval, 9.46-16.20]). With regard to ΔSGU, the use of carbamide peroxide (35% or 37%), hydrogen peroxide (35%), and the combination of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide (3% or 30%) led to a better bleaching effect than sodium perborate (adjusted P value ≤ .026). Regarding ΔE, there were no significant differences between carbamide peroxide (37%), hydrogen peroxide (35%), and sodium perborate mixed with hydrogen peroxide (P = .051). The risk of bias of the included studies was classified as moderate to high. CONCLUSIONS Carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate have a significant bleaching effect on discolored, root canal-treated teeth. For a valid assessment of shade stability and a comparison of bleaching agents and their concentrations, further studies with long-term recalls are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Charis Frank
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Rödig
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Talpos-Niculescu RM, Nica LM, Popa M, Talpos-Niculescu S, Rusu LC. External cervical resorption: Radiological diagnosis and literature (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1065. [PMID: 34434279 PMCID: PMC8353645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively unknown and insidious pathology characterized by the loss of hard dental tissues such as: Enamel, cementum and dentine due to clastic function. It begins as a localized resorptive process that initiates on the area of the root beneath the epithelial attachment and the coronal part of the alveolar process, involving vital and non-vital tissues. Despite the fact that there are several potential predisposing factors related to ECR, its aetiology still remains poorly understood and more research is needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of all the etiological factors. Improved radiographic detection using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is required in order to correctly classify and assess this entity. This provides a three-dimensional insight into the lesion, regarding the location, the size, the depth and the circumferential spread of the ECR defect. It also allows establishment of the most efficacious treatment plan and management. The purpose of this literature review is to cover the relevant literature concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological presentation and management of ECRs (based on the CBCT findings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Maria Talpos-Niculescu
- Third Department, Discipline of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Research Center TADERP, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luminita-Maria Nica
- Third Department, Discipline of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Research Center TADERP, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Malina Popa
- Second Department, Discipline of Pedodontics, Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300070 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Serban Talpos-Niculescu
- Second Department, Discipline of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300062 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Rusu
- First Department, Discipline of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300174 Timisoara, Romania
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Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9090098. [PMID: 34562972 PMCID: PMC8471379 DOI: 10.3390/dj9090098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal bleaching is a conservative, non-invasive, and simple treatment that is frequently performed in daily clinical practice. The present in vitro study analyzes the oxygen expansion of different bleaching agents resulting from the oxidation reaction when interacting with enamel and dentin. Enamel and dentin were crushed separately until obtaining a fine powder with particles of an approximate size between 0.06 and 0.2 mm. Each enamel and dentin sample were mixed with 37% carbamide peroxide (CP 37%), 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP 30%), sodium perborate (SP) combined with HP 30% (HP 30% + SP) and SP with distilled water (SP). A total of 280 1 mm diameter glass tubes were used with 70 for each bleaching agent (30 for powdered enamel evaluation, 30 for powdered dentin evaluation, and 10 controls). The bleaching agents were placed in the prepared tubes immediately after mixing the components. As expansion occurred, the oil inside the tube was displaced, through which the resulting expansion was evaluated and measured for 10 days. A significant expansion was observed that varied in magnitude according to the bleaching agent and the tooth structure used. Student's t test and Welch's ANOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The highest mean expansion of both enamel and dentin was observed with 30% HP (66.6 mm for enamel, 94.5 mm for dentin) followed by HP 30% + SP (48.6 mm for enamel, 52.7 mm for dentin), CP 37% (38.4 mm for enamel, 52.6 mm for dentin) and finally SP with water (12.7 mm for enamel, 4.4 mm for dentin). It was observed that the expansion in the SP group with enamel was significantly lower than in the rest of the groups, while that registered for HP 30% was significantly higher. (p < 0.001). The results with dentin were similar, with a significantly lower expansion for SP and higher for HP 30% (p < 0.001). The oxygen expansion observed as a result of the interaction between bleaching agents and dental tissues could contribute to improving our understanding of bleaching and its results. These results suggest that bleaching agents react with the organic component of the tooth structure.
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Özer SY, Kapısız E. Comparison of Walking-Bleaching and Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Techniques in Tooth Color Change of Artificially Colored Teeth. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:355-361. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Yiğit Özer
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kapısız
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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20
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Sürmelioğlu D, Gündoğar H, Taysi S, Bağiş YH. Effect of different bleaching techniques on DNA damage biomarkers in serum, saliva, and GCF. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1332-1341. [PMID: 33622079 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121996030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bleaching agents containing a high concentration of H2O2 in the dental market lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, which have genotoxic effects. However, ozone bleaching, one of the most effective oxidants known, stimulates blood circulation and immune response and thus it has strong antimicrobial activity against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. For these reasons, one of our hypothesis was ozone bleaching would reduce local and systemic DNA damage in the body. Hence, we aimed to determine the oxidative DNA damage biomarker levels in serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) after different bleaching methods.Forty-eight volunteers who requested dental bleaching were divided into three treatment groups (n = 16). Group 1: ozone bleaching with the ozone-releasing machine; Group 2: chemical bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel; Group 3: 40% H2O2 gel activated with the diode laser. Initial and post-operative (immediately after bleaching and two weeks later) color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. The color changes were calculated with the CIEDE2000 (ΔE 00) formula. 8-OHdG levels in serum, saliva, and GCF samples were determined with ELISA. All three treatments resulted in efficient and statistically similar bleaching. The 8-OHdG levels in the serum and saliva were not affected by all bleaching methods (p > 0.05), but a temporary increase was observed in the GCF for chemical and laser-assisted groups except the ozone group (p > 0.05). According to the findings, chemical and laser-assisted bleaching can affect DNA damage locally but not systemically. Bleaching with ozone may eliminate this local DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sürmelioğlu
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - H Gündoğar
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Periodontology, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S Taysi
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Y H Bağiş
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 37504Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Fagogeni I, Falgowski T, Metlerska J, Lipski M, Górski M, Nowicka A. Efficiency of Teeth Bleaching after Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020316. [PMID: 33467092 PMCID: PMC7829849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate of effectiveness of bleaching procedures used to treat discolored teeth subsequent to regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) based on the review of in vitro and in vivo studies. This literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases) were searched electronically, until 30 January 2020 without a year limit. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified methodological index for non-randomized studies. After analyzing 1405 studies, 6 in vitro and 9 in vivo studies were eligible for this review. In in vitro studies, effectiveness of bleaching was assessed in teeth discolored by antibiotic pastes, blood, and barrier materials in various combinations. In all analyzed studies, bleaching was effective in teeth discolored by antibiotic pastes as well as by blood and barrier materials. Of 26 treated teeth in the in vivo studies, 17 teeth were bleached successfully. In six cases, there was improvement of the shade. In three cases, bleaching was not sufficient. Bleaching material, techniques, and times differed between studies. Whitening of discolored teeth after REPs is achievable. However, to establish precise guidelines, further long-term clinical studies should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Fagogeni
- Doctoral Studies of the Faculty of Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomasz Falgowski
- General, Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Metlerska
- Doctoral Studies of the Faculty of Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Mariusz Lipski
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Górski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Nowicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-16-48
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Tripathi R, Cohen S, Khanduri N. Coronal Tooth Discoloration After the Use of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:409-414. [PMID: 33061653 PMCID: PMC7533229 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s266049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used in regenerative procedures but observations have indicated that with its use there is dark staining of the tooth structure. This case report describes the treatment of tooth discoloration caused by white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). Revascularization was performed with the use of WMTA in the upper left central incisor. Grayish discoloration appeared 9 months later, the tooth necessitating internal bleaching of the tooth. A significant improvement was observed in the crown after internal bleaching. The choice of material should not rely solely on biological and functional aspects, but aesthetic considerations should also be taken into account. The patient needs to be advised of risks, benefits, and alternatives to internal bleaching, eg, a veneer or a crown. Coronal discoloration is a significant distraction and embarrassment for many people in achieving an aesthetic smile; thus, it must be corrected at the earliest possible stage of discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Tripathi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, UCMS College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Stephen Cohen
- American Board of Endodontics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Khanduri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Jurado CA, Tsujimoto A, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Watanabe H, Takamizawa T, Miyazaki M. Minimally invasive technique for non-vital tooth bleaching using traditional Japanese paper. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:458-460. [PMID: 32863316 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this case report is to describe a minimally invasive technique for non-vital tooth bleaching using traditional Japanese paper, known as washi. Non-vital tooth bleaching with a mixture of sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide rolled in Japanese paper for a traumatically injured tooth, and in-office vital-tooth bleaching for the upper front six teeth and first premolars, were performed. Five-year follow-up showed satisfactory stability in the bleaching effects and did not show any problems in the traumatically injured tooth. The use of Japanese paper for non-vital tooth bleaching may minimize damage to discolored non-vital teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Clinical Digital Dentistry, A.T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Jose Villalobos-Tinoco
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Autonomous University of Queretaro School of Dentistry
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Küçük Ö, Keçeci AD. Strengthening effect of different fiber placement designs on root canal treated and bleached premolars. Odontology 2020; 109:349-357. [PMID: 32894381 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the strengthening effect of five different fibers with different placement designs in root canal treated and intracoronally bleached premolars. Seventy extracted single-rooted premolars were distributed into 7 groups (G1-G7). Group 1 (G1) included the intact (I) teeth as the negative control. Group 2 (G2) included root canal treated, intra-coronally bleached and composite (C) restored teeth as the positive control. In the other five test groups after root canal treatment the teeth were intra-coronally bleached and fiber materials were placed into standard MOD cavities in the following different designs: an intracanal rigid fiber/Reforpost (G3,RF), an intracanal flexible fiber/ Everstick (G4, FF), four intracanal flexible pin fibers/Dentapreg Pin (G5,PF), an intercuspal flexible fiber /Dentapreg SFU (G6, IF) or an intra-coronal horseshoe-shaped/ Dentapreg SFU (G7,CF). All cavities were filled with a microfilled resin composite. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine under a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range tests were used for statistical analysis. Fracture types were recorded. The fracture resistance values in descending order were G1(I): 1190.97 N > G6 (IF): 1138.78 N > G5 (PF): 942.45 N > G3 (RF): 737.40 N > G4 (FF):694.29 N > G2 (C): 611.83 N > G7 (CF): 542.78 N. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (p ≤ 0.05). In all groups, repairable coronal oblique fractures were mostly observed. Flexible fibers placed intercuspally exhibited a significantly better strengthening effect than those of the intracanal flexible and rigid fibers (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Küçük
- Kütahya Oral and Dental Health Center, Kütahya, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Diljin Keçeci
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Machado AC, Braga SRM, Ferreira D, Jacintho FF, Scaramucci T, Sobral MAP. Bleaching of severely darkened nonvital tooth case report-48 months clinical control. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:314-322. [PMID: 32510807 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To record in detail, the long-term success of a bleaching treatment employing hydrogen peroxide in a severely darkened tooth. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Tooth discoloration is an important aesthetic complain of patients. Because it is a relatively common condition, different materials and techniques capable of restoring the tooth color in a minimally invasive, conservative, and longstanding manner were developed. In this case, it was used the association between mediate (walking bleach) and immediate (internal/external) bleaching techniques using hydrogen peroxide as the main agent. CONCLUSION The association of techniques was a conservative therapeutic solution to restore the natural color of the right upper central incisor, which was darkened after an endodontic treatment performed more than twenty years ago. The bleaching protocol used presented no risk to the patient, such as cervical resorption and the color was stable over a 48 months period, showing the success of the protocol proposed for this case. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There is a possibility to severely darkened teeth receive an adequate bleaching treatment protocol, which can successfully restore the aesthetics and natural color in a conservative and long lasting way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana C Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila R M Braga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ferreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Jacintho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Singh N, Chaturvedi TP, Baranwal H, Wang C. Management of discolored nonvital tooth by walking bleach technique: A conservative approach. JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL DENTAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jicdro.jicdro_52_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bersezio C, Sánchez F, Estay J, Ledezma P, Vernal R, Garlet G, Oliveira OB, Fernández E. Inflammatory markers IL‐1β and RANK‐L assessment after non‐vital bleaching: A 3‐month follow‐up. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:119-126. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bersezio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Sánchez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Estay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Paulina Ledezma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | | | - Eduardo Fernández
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Chile Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
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Rodríguez‐Martínez J, Valiente M, Sánchez‐Martín M. Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:431-440. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez‐Martínez
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
| | - María‐Jesús Sánchez‐Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7030079. [PMID: 31374877 PMCID: PMC6784469 DOI: 10.3390/dj7030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides prevention of caries and periodontitis, an increasing number of oral care products focus on teeth whitening. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss frequently used whitening agents and their efficacy from a chemical viewpoint. Therefore, a comprehensive literature survey on teeth whitening agents and products was conducted. The current whitening methods are analyzed and discussed from a chemist’s viewpoint. Frequently used whitening agents are abrasives (mechanical removal of stains), antiredeposition agents (prevention of deposition of chromophores), colorants (intended to lead to a white color), proteases (degradation of proteins), peroxides (oxidation of organic chromophores), and surfactants (removal of hydrophobic compounds from tooth surface). In-office bleaching using peroxides is effective, but side effects like tooth sensitivity or a damage of the natural organic matrix of enamel and dentin may occur. The applicability of abrasives in teeth whitening is limited due to potential tooth wear, especially when toothpastes with high RDA values are used. The effect of other whitening agents in vivo is often unclear because of a shortage of placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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Greenwall-Cohen J, Greenwall LH. The single discoloured tooth: vital and non-vital bleaching techniques. Br Dent J 2019; 226:839-849. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zollinger A, Attin T, Mohn D, Zehnder M. Effects of endodontic irrigants on blood and blood-stained dentin. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01794. [PMID: 31193548 PMCID: PMC6536424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate bleaching effects of common endodontic irrigants on human whole blood and blood-stained dentin. Specifically, it was assessed whether sodium hypochlorite at a clinically recommended concentration (2.5% NaOCl) would bleach with similar efficacy as a peroxide-based irrigant at higher molarity (5% H2O2). Furthermore, the effects of a NaOCl-compatible chelator with a high affinity to iron (Dual Rinse HEDP) were investigated. Methods Human whole blood was mixed at a 1:20 ratio with either phosphate-buffered saline, 9% HEDP, 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl containing 9% HEDP, or 5% H2O2. Effects were assessed spectrometrically and photographically. Human dentin specimens were prepared with a methacrylate reservoir for liquids and a polished assessment side over 1 mm dentin thickness. Dentin was stained using human whole blood for 3 weeks and subsequently exposed to the irrigants for 60 min. Measurements were performed in the CIELAB color space. Results were compared using parametric tests with the alpha-type error set to 5%. Results When directly exposed, the solutions containing NaOCl completely discolored the blood, while the 5% H2O2 exerted a bleaching effect without complete dissolution of dissolved matter, and the pure 9% HEDP had no effect at all. The NaOCl solutions bleached blood-stained dentin more efficiently than H2O2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Under the current conditions, the 2.5% NaOCl solution had a stronger bleaching effect on blood and blood-stained dentin than 5% H2O2. HEDP did not have any direct impact on blood color or NaOCl-derived bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zollinger
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Zehnder
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Serin Kalay T. Effects of intracoronal bleaching agents on the surface properties of mineral trioxide aggregate. Odontology 2019; 107:465-472. [PMID: 30895486 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bleaching agents may affect surface properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a coronal barrier. The purpose of this study was to investigate surface properties of MTA after exposure to intracoronal bleaching agents. MTA was set in acrylic molds with a 4 mm high central hole and a 6 mm diameter. Specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10); three groups were exposed to bleaching agents three times on every fourth day (carbamide peroxide-CP, hydrogen peroxide-HP, sodium perborate-SP) and a control group-C. The surface roughness and Vickers surface microhardness were measured. Differences between groups were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test and intergroup comparisons were assessed with a Mann-Whitney U test with a Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0001). The microstructure and elemental composition were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) system. In terms of microhardness, the decrease in the HP group was significantly greater than that of the CP and SP groups; CP group significantly greater than that of the SP group, however, there was no significant difference between the SP and C groups. Surface roughness values were compared between groups, and no significant differences were observed between the CP and HP groups, and they exhibited significantly higher roughness values than the SP and C groups. SEM/EDX showed that the bleaching agents affected the elemental distribution. Bleaching agents adversely affected the surface roughness, surface microhardness and elemental distribution of MTA, with exposure to SP causing fewer changes on the surface properties than CP or HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Serin Kalay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Zoya A, Tewari RK, Mishra SK, Faisal SM, Ali S, Kumar A, Moin S. Sodium percarbonate as a novel intracoronal bleaching agent: assessment of the associated risk of cervical root resorption. Int Endod J 2018; 52:701-708. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zoya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - R. K. Tewari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. K. Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. M. Faisal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. Moin
- Department of Biochemistry Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
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Yogha-Padhma A, Jayasenthil A, Pandeeswaran R. Tooth discoloration and internal bleaching after the use of ledermix paste with various bleaching agents - An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e1058-e1062. [PMID: 30607221 PMCID: PMC6311396 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the reversal of discolouration caused by Ledermix using various bleaching agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty six extracted human mandibular premolars were taken and divided into four groups. Six teeth were divided into three each which are taken as positive and negative controls. The remaining twenty are divided into two groups (n=10). After conventional access preparation, the Ledermix paste was sealed in the pulp chamber for twelve weeks. The paste was removed by a rinse with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Then the pulp chamber was sealed with a mixture of Sodium perborate and distilled water for group 1 and group 2 was sealed with Sodium tetraborate for 1 to 12 weeks. The shade was measured by a Spectrophotometer at four time periods baseline(T0), after 12 weeks of placement of Ledermix (T1), after 4 (T2), 12 (T3) weeks of Internal bleaching with Sodium perborate and Sodium tetraborate respectively. Data were collected based on CIE-76 (L*a*b*) system and analysed using t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS A significant decrease in the mean value of L*(lightness) was observed after treatment with Ledermix (T1, p<0.05). Considerable increase in these values after bleaching with Sodium perborate and Sodium tetraborate (T2, T3) were found in both groups, to the same extent. CONCLUSIONS Ledermix discoloured the tooth structure but discolouration could be reversed when bleached with both Sodium perborate and Sodium tetraborate to the same extent. Key words:Bleaching, discoloration, ledermix, sodium perborate, sodium tetraborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asokan Yogha-Padhma
- Postgraduate student, Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, Adhiparasakthi dental college and hospital, Melmaruvathur
| | - Athikesavan Jayasenthil
- MDS, Reader, Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, Asan Memorial dental college and hospital, Chengalpattu
| | - Ramaraj Pandeeswaran
- BDS, Postgraduate student, Department of orthodontics, JKK Nataraja dental college and hospital, Kumarapalayam
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Bersezio C, Martín J, Mayer C, Rivera O, Estay J, Vernal R, Haidar ZS, Angel P, Oliveira OB, Fernández E. Quality of life and stability of tooth color change at three months after dental bleaching. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:3199-3207. [PMID: 30132252 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracoronary bleaching is a minimally invasive, alternative treatment that addresses aesthetic concerns related to non-vital teeth discoloration. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have assessed the psychosocial impacts of such procedures on patients' aesthetic perceptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate aesthetic perceptions and the psychosocial impact of patients up to 3 months after their teeth had been bleached with hydrogen peroxide (35%) and carbamide peroxide (37%) using the walking bleach technique. METHODS The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the bleaching agent used: G1 = hydrogen peroxide 35% (n = 25) and G2 = carbamide peroxide 37% (n = 25). Non-vital bleaching was performed in four sessions. Color was objectively (ΔE) and subjectively (ΔSGU) evaluated. Aesthetic perception and psychosocial factors were evaluated before, 1 week and 1 month after the bleaching using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) questionnaires. RESULTS The color change (ΔE) values at 1 month were G1 = 16.80 ± 6.07 and G2 = 14.09 ± 4.83. These values remained stable until the third month after treatment (p > 0.05). There was a decrease in the values of OHIP-aesthetics and PIDAQ after treatment versus baseline (p < 0.05). This status was maintained through the third month after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Both agents were highly effective and had a positive impact on the aesthetic perception and psychosocial impact of patients, values that also remained stable over time. Non-vital bleaching yields positive and stable impacts on aesthetic perception and psychosocial factors. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02718183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bersezio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Javier Martín
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Mayer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oriana Rivera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Estay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Departament of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ziyad S Haidar
- BioMAT'X, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Av. Mons. Álvaro del Portillo, 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Los Andes, Av. Mons. Álvaro del Portillo, 12.455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Angel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osmir B Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, CEP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Patel S, Mavridou AM, Lambrechts P, Saberi N. External cervical resorption-part 1: histopathology, distribution and presentation. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1205-1223. [PMID: 29704466 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) is the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action. It is a dynamic process that involves periodontal, dental and in later stages pulpal tissues. Over the last two decades, ECR has attracted increased interest; this is in part due to novel micro-CT and histopathological techniques for its assessment and also improved radiographic detection using CBCT. This literature review will cover the aetiology, potential predisposing factors, histopathology and diagnosis of ECR. Part 2 will cover the management of ECR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.,Specialist Practice, London, UK
| | - A M Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Services, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Services, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Saberi
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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Pandey SH, Patni PM, Jain P, Chaturvedi A. Management of intrinsic discoloration using walking bleach technique in maxillary central incisors. Med Pharm Rep 2018; 91:229-233. [PMID: 29785163 PMCID: PMC5958990 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-vital bleaching is a non-invasive technique to treat the intrinsic discoloration of teeth of several etiologies. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate are commonly used bleaching agents. Aim The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the non-vital bleaching technique in maxillary anterior teeth. Method Maxillary central incisors were isolated with rubber dam and root canal treatment was performed. Barrier space preparation was done using a heated instrument. Glass ionomer cement was used a barrier material. Mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate was placed in the canal and sealed with intermediate restorative material. After 1 week, the procedure was repeated to achieve the desired results. Conclusion Non-vital bleaching is a minimally invasive procedure to restore the esthetics of a discolored non-vital tooth. However, care should be taken to prevent any post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Hans Pandey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Pallav Mahesh Patni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
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Kucukkaya Eren S, Aksel H, Uyanık O, Nagas E. Effect of Various Bleaching Agents on the Surface Composition and Bond Strength of a Calcium Silicate-based Cement. Oper Dent 2018; 43:613-618. [PMID: 29570019 DOI: 10.2341/17-188-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and elemental changes that occur on the surface of calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) and to analyze the bond strength of composite resin to CSC after application of various bleaching agents. One hundred twenty-five CSC blocks (Biodentine) were prepared and randomly divided into five groups according to the bleaching agent applied over the material surface (n=25): SP-DW (sodium perborate-distilled water mixture), SP-HP (sodium perborate-3% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] mixture), CP (37% carbamide peroxide gel), HP (35% H2O2 gel), and a control group (no bleaching agent). After 1 week, scanning electron microscopy provided an analysis of the surface morphology and elemental composition for 10 specimens from each group. Composite resin was placed at the center of each cement surface in the remaining specimens (n=15). A universal testing machine determined shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture patterns were identified with a dental operating microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests. The cement surface in the CP and HP groups presented changes in structure and elemental distribution compared with the remaining groups. The former groups exhibited a decrease in the calcium level and an increase in the silicon level and presented significantly fewer SBS values than the remaining groups ( p<0.05). Most failures were adhesive in the CP and HP groups, while they were predominantly cohesive in the remaining groups. The bleaching agents with higher concentration induced deterioration of the cement surface and negatively affected the bond strength of the composite resin to CSC. The use of CSC is recommended as a cervical barrier when intracoronal bleaching is performed with a mixture of sodium perborate with water or 3% H2O2.
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Bersezio C, Vildósola P, Sáez M, Sánchez F, Vernal R, Oliveira OB, Jorquera G, Basualdo J, Loguercio A, Fernández E. Does the Use of a "Walking Bleaching" Technique Increase Bone Resorption Markers? Oper Dent 2018. [PMID: 29533717 DOI: 10.2341/16-334-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide in comparison with 37% carbamide peroxide in a nonvital bleaching technique of "walking bleaching" (four sessions of treatment) on periodontal markers: nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANK-L-process of root resorption marker) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β-inflammatory response marker). METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifty volunteers presenting with discoloration of nonvital teeth and endodontic treatment in good condition participated. Fifty teeth were randomly divided into two study groups according to bleaching gel: HP = 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Nonvital bleaching was performed with a walking bleaching technique consisting of four sessions of bleach application. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken in order to quantify the RANK-L and IL-1β levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were obtained from six periodontal sites for each bleached tooth: three vestibular and three palatine (mesial, middle, and distal) at seven time periods: baseline, after each of the four sessions of nonvital bleaching, at one week, and at one month after nonvital bleaching. Tooth color variations were analyzed in each session by VITA Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER (ΔSGU). RESULTS Significant increments in the RANK-L and IL-1β levels were detected in each evaluated time compared with baseline ( p<0.05); however, no differences were detected between hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide on increments of the biomarkers studied. The change of color was effective for both nonvital bleaching therapies ( p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nonvital bleaching induced a significant increment in the RANK-L and IL-1β levels in periodontal tissues around bleached, nonvital teeth.
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Juntavee N, Juntavee A, Saensutthawijit P. Influences of Light-emitting Diode Illumination Bleaching Technique on Nanohardness of Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing Ceramic Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:196-204. [PMID: 29422470 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination bleaching technique on the surface nanohardness of various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty disk-shaped samples (width, length, and thickness = 10, 15, and 2 mm) were prepared from each of the ceramic materials for CAD/CAM, including Lava™ Ultimate (LV), Vita Enamic® (En) IPS e.max® CAD (Me), inCoris® TZI (IC), and Prettau® zirconia (Pr). The samples from each type of ceramic were randomly divided into two groups based on the different bleaching techniques to be used on them, using 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without LED illumination. The ceramic disk samples were bleached according to the manufacturer's instruction. Surface hardness test was performed before and after bleaching using nanohardness tester with a Berkovich diamond indenter. RESULTS The respective Vickers hardness number upon no bleaching and bleaching without or with LED illumination [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] for each type of ceramic were as follows: 102.52 ± 2.09, 101.04 ± 1.18, and 98.17 ± 1.15 for LV groups; 274.96 ± 5.41, 271.29 ± 5.94, and 268.20 ± 7.02 for En groups; 640.74 ± 31.02, 631.70 ± 22.38, and 582.32 ± 33.88 for Me groups; 1,442.09 ± 35.07, 1,431.32 ± 28.80, and 1,336.51 ± 34.03 for IC groups; and 1,383.82 ± 33.87, 1,343.51 ± 38.75, and 1,295.96 ± 31.29 for Pr groups. The results indicated surface hardness reduction following the bleaching procedure of varying degrees for different ceramic materials. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant reduction in surface hardness due to the effect of bleaching technique, ceramic material, and the interaction between bleaching technique and ceramic material (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bleaching resulted in a diminution of the surface hardness of dental ceramic for CAD/CAM. Using 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent with LED illumination exhibited more reduction in surface hardness of dental ceramic than what was observed without LED illumination. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should consider protection of the existing restoration while bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwut Juntavee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Phone: +66897112980, e-mail:
| | - Apa Juntavee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phuwiwat Saensutthawijit
- Division of Biomaterial Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Cavalli V, Sebold M, Shinohara MS, Pereira PNR, Giannini M. Dentin bond strength and nanoleakage of the adhesive interface after intracoronal bleaching. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:428-436. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Bairro Areião, Piracicaba SP, 13414-018 Brazil
| | - Maicon Sebold
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Bairro Areião, Piracicaba SP, 13414-018 Brazil
| | - Mirela Sanae Shinohara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Bairro Areião, Piracicaba SP, 13414-018 Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nóbrega Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Operative Dentistry Division, College of Dentistry; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School; University of Campinas; Bairro Areião, Piracicaba SP, 13414-018 Brazil
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Randomized clinical trial of 2 nonvital tooth bleaching techniques: A 1-year follow-up. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 119:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bersezio C, Martin J, Peña F, Rubio M, Estay J, Vernal R, Junior OO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2017; 42:596-605. [PMID: 29144879 DOI: 10.2341/16-133-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This trial evaluates the impact of psychosocial and esthetic self-perceptions of patients undergoing nonvital tooth bleaching using the walking bleach technique. We also assessed the clinical effectiveness of bleaching tooth discoloration. METHODS Fifty volunteers with nonvital tooth discoloration were enrolled. Teeth were randomized into two groups: 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Intracoronal bleaching was performed over four sessions using the walking bleach technique. Tooth color was evaluated at each session to measure total color variation. The shade guide was arranged from highest (B1) to lowest (C4) values to assess the color and calculate the color change in the number of shade guide units. Subjective and objective assessments were compared with the tooth counterpart. Esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS Color change was 15.48<5.17 for hydrogen peroxide and 14.02<4.85 for carbamide peroxide. There was no significant difference at any time point (p>0.05) except at sessions 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Overall, whitened teeth values were similar to those of counterpart teeth (p>0.05). There was a decrease in Oral Health Impact Profile and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics questionnaire scores after treatment compared with baseline (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The walking bleach technique was highly effective on nonvital teeth and had a positive effect on self-esthetic perception and psychological impact for the patients.
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Galloza MO, Jordão-Basso KC, Bandeca MC, Costa SO, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Tirintan FC, Keine KC, Kuga MC. Effects of the Ratio between Pigment and Bleaching Gel on the Fracture Resistance and Dentin Microhardness of endodontically treated Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1051-1055. [PMID: 29109320 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching gel using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), associated with red carmine pigment (RC), in the 3:1 or 1:1 ratio, on fracture resistance and dentin microhardness of endodontically treated teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 lower incisors were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the bleaching protocol: G1 (HP3), 35% HP + RC (3:1); G2 (HP1), 35% HP + RC (1:1); G3 (positive), 38% HP; and G4 (negative), unbleached. Four dental bleaching sessions were performed. The dental crowns were restored after the last session and submitted to the fracture resistance test. Totally, 60 specimens from the endodontically treated lower incisor crowns were prepared to evaluate the effects on dentin microhardness. The analysis was measured (in Knoop) prior to and after the last dental bleaching session using similar bleaching protocols. RESULTS G2 presented the lowest fracture resistance (p < 0.05). The other groups were similar to each other (p > 0.05). No difference was observed in the reduction of dentin microhardness among the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A 1:1 ratio (bleaching gel:pigment) caused a significant fracture resistance reduction in relation to the other protocols. No effect on the dentin microhardness reduction was observed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The pigment addition to the bleaching agent accelerates the bleaching chemical reaction. However, no studies have evaluated the ideal proportion to optimize tooth bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus C Bandeca
- Department of Postgraduate in Dentistry, CEUMA University São Luís, Rua Jossue Montello, 01, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, e-mail:
| | - Samuel O Costa
- Department of Postgraduate in Dentistry, CEUMA University São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alvaro H Borges
- Department of Postgraduate Programme, Integrated Dental Sciences University of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Tonetto
- Department of Postgraduate Programme, Integrated Dental Sciences University of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Tirintan
- Department of Postgraduate Programme, Integrated Dental Sciences University of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Keine
- Department of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Milton C Kuga
- Department of Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
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Uzunoglu E, Eymirli A, Uyanik MÖ, Nagas E, Çehreli ZC. Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after internal bleaching procedures. AUST ENDOD J 2017; 44:235-239. [PMID: 28940976 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after internal bleaching. The teeth were assigned as follows (n = 12/group); Group-1: The pulp chamber was filled with ProRootMTA and bleached intracoronally with sodium perborate mixed with 37% carbamide peroxide gel; Group-2: The pulp chamber was filled with ProRootMTA without bleaching; Group-3: The pulp chamber was filled with Biodentine and bleached intracoronally as Group-1; Group-4: The pulp chamber was filled with Biodentine without bleaching; and Group-5: Teeth received no intervention (control). The specimens were loaded vertically until root fracture occurred. The data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. There was no significant difference between the fracture resistances of the experimental groups (P > 0.05). However, all experimental groups had significantly lower fracture resistance than the control group (P < 0.05). Neither the tested calcium silicate cements nor the bleaching procedures had a significant impact on fracture resistance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Uzunoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Eymirli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özgür Uyanik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Nagas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Cavit Çehreli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Marchesan MA, James CM, Lloyd A, Morrow BR, García-Godoy F. Effect of access design on intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth: Anex vivostudy. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 30:E61-E67. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Andreia Marchesan
- Department of Endodontics; College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry; Memphis Tennessee
| | - Christopher Michael James
- Department of Endodontics; College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry; Memphis Tennessee
| | - Adam Lloyd
- Department of Endodontics; College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry; Memphis Tennessee
| | - Brian Ray Morrow
- Department of Bioscience Research; College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry; Memphis Tennessee
| | - Franklin García-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research; College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry; Memphis Tennessee
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The effect of long-term use of tooth bleaching products on the human enamel surface. Odontology 2017; 106:64-72. [PMID: 28547569 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term effect of bleaching on human enamel. Four groups of enamel specimens were prepared (n = 20): group 1: bleaching with Opalescence Boost [40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3 × 20 min/week]; group 2: control group (the specimens were stored in human saliva); group 3: beaching with Vivastyle Paint on Plus (6% H2O2, 2 × 10 min/day), and group 4: bleaching with Opalescence PF 16% [16% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day]. After each bleaching session the specimens were stored in human saliva. Knoop microhardness and surface roughness were measured: before bleaching, after 2-week and after 8-week bleaching. After 2-week treatment, surface roughness was significantly increased in all experimental groups (p < 0.05), while among them no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The roughness changes exerted after 8-week bleaching were not significantly higher than the ones after 2 weeks (p > 0.05). After 8-week treatment, the increase in roughness caused by 16% CP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the one caused by 40% H2O2. Microhardness increased in all groups including control; however, only 40% H2O2 increased the microhardness significantly (p < 0.05). The effect of bleaching on enamel was not shown to be dependent on the method or the H2O2 concentration. Bleaching with CP 16% resulted in higher roughness than bleaching with H2O2, while 40% H2O2 caused the higher microhardness increase. The present study showed that in-office bleaching with 40% H2O2 seems to be at least as safe as home bleaching as far as their effects on human enamel are concerned.
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Tran L, Orth R, Parashos P, Tao Y, Tee CW, Thomas VT, Towers G, Truong DT, Vinen C, Reynolds EC. Depletion Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide from Sodium Perborate Bleaching Agent. J Endod 2017; 43:472-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Klaric Sever E, Simenc N, Rakic M, Skenderovic H, Sever I, Tarle Z. Effects of bleaching agent on physical and aesthetic properties of restorative materials. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:788-795. [PMID: 27725516 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of bleaching agent on microhardness, color and light transmission of different restorative materials. Specimens (n=20) of Tetric EvoCeram (TEC), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TECBF) and Equia Fill (EQUIA) were treated with either 40% hydrogen peroxide Opalesence Boost or destilled water for 45 min. Specimens were stained in tea solution or stored in deionized water for one and two weeks. Color, microhardness and light transmission were monitored at the baseline, after the bleaching and after the tea immersion or storage in deionized water. After the bleaching a significant reduction in surface microhardness (p<0.001) was recorded for all materials. Clinically visible color change (ΔE>3) was observed after the bleaching and after treatment in tea solution, but only in EQUIA samples. The absorption coefficient was the largest for the samples stained in tea solution. Bleaching can affect the microhardness and color of fillings; therefore, they should be sometimes replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klaric Sever
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
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Su IH, Lee CF, Su YP, Wang LH. Evaluating a Cobalt-Tetraphenylporphyrin Complex, Functionalized with a Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite, for Improved Tooth Whitening. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:321-329. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Su
- Department of Orthodontics; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pin Su
- Yang-an Dental Clinic; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lai-Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science; 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1 Jen Te Tainan 71743 Taiwan
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