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Hasbi H, Iskandar H, Sonjaya H, Purwantara B, Arifiantini RI, Agil M, Pardede BP, Suyadi S, Septian WA, Samsudewa D, Damayanti E, Maulana T, Said S. Comparative developmental competence of in vitro embryos recovered from Bali cattle with normal and poor sperm motility. Vet World 2024; 17:593-601. [PMID: 38680141 PMCID: PMC11045541 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.593-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fertility is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of livestock production, as it directly impacts the reproductive rates. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between sperm quality and embryo development is key to optimizing reproductive outcomes and improving the quality of livestock. This study analyzed the developmental competence of in vitro embryos recovered from Bali cattle with normal or poor sperm motility. Materials and Methods Nine bulls with normal fresh semen (NFS) or poor fresh semen (PFS) motility were ejaculated for semen. Semen ejaculates, including volume, motility, and sperm concentration, were evaluated immediately after collection to measure the quality of the fresh semen. Frozen semen was evaluated using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for motility, progressive sperm motility, distance curve path, distance curve linear, distance straight line, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, linear velocity, straightness (STR), linearity of forward progression (LIN), wobble, and average lateral head displacement (ALH). Bull groups were used to determine in vitro embryo cleavage ability after fertilization of Bali cattle. Ovaries of Bali cattle were collected by slicing, and only cytoplasmic oocytes with compact cumulus cells were used in this study. The oocytes were matured, and in vitro fertilization was performed using fertilization media with a final sperm concentration of 1.5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL. After 48 h, the embryo cleavage ability of the cultured oocytes was evaluated. Results There were significant differences in motility values between the NFS and PFS groups; however, there were no significant differences in the volume or sperm concentration. There was a significant difference in the LIN value between the groups but no significant differences in other CASA parameters. There were no significant differences in the cleavage rate and morula between the groups, but a positive correlation was observed between the cleavage rate and the morula and between the morula and ALH. A significant negative correlation was observed between the cleavage rate and STR and between the morula and STR; no significant differences were observed for other variables. Conclusion Despite variations in sperm characteristics, both normal and poor sperm motility demonstrated comparable in vitro embryonic development competence. These findings provide important insights into the fertility potential of Bali bulls, providing valuable information that can enhance selection strategies to improve the quality of livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasbi Hasbi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hikmayani Iskandar
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16914, Indonesia
| | - Herry Sonjaya
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwantara
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Raden Iis Arifiantini
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Agil
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Berlin Pandapotan Pardede
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16914, Indonesia
| | - Suyadi Suyadi
- Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Wike Andre Septian
- Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Daud Samsudewa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Erni Damayanti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16914, Indonesia
| | - Tulus Maulana
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16914, Indonesia
| | - Syahruddin Said
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16914, Indonesia
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Souza-Fabjan JMG, Leal GR, Monteiro CAS, Batista RITP, Barbosa NO, Freitas VJF. In vitro embryo production in small ruminants: what is still missing? Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230055. [PMID: 38025995 PMCID: PMC10681138 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro embryo production (IVEP) is an extremely important tool for genetic improvement in livestock and it is the biotechnology that has grown the most recently. However, multiple ovulation followed by embryo transfer is still considered the leading biotechnology for embryo production in small ruminants. This review aimed to identify what is still missing for more efficient diffusion of IVEP in small ruminants, going through the IVEP steps and highlighting the main factors affecting the outcomes. Oocyte quality is essential for the success of IVEP and an aspect to be considered in small ruminants is their reproductive seasonality and strategies to mitigate the effect of season. The logistics for oocyte collection from live females is more complex than in cattle, and tools to simplify this collection system and/or to promote an alternative way of recovering oocytes may be an important point in this scenario. The heterogeneity of oocytes collected from growing follicles in live females or from ovaries collected from abattoirs remains a challenge, and there is a demand to standardize/homogenize the hormonal stimulatory protocols and IVM protocols for each source of oocytes. The use of sexed semen is technically possible, however the low market demand associated with the high costs of the sexing process prevents the routine use of this technique, but its higher availability is an important aspect aiming for greater dissemination of IVEP. New noninvasive approaches for embryo selection are key factors since the selection for transfer or cryopreservation is another difficulty faced among laboratories. Embryo selection is based on morphological traits, although these are not necessarily reliable in predicting pregnancy. Several issues described in this review must be considered by researchers in other to promote the diffusion of IVEP in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Ramos Leal
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Vicente José Figueirêdo Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle da Reprodução, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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3
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A successful protocol for achieving anhydrobiosis of Gallus Gallus Domesticus spermatozoa while maintaining their fertility IN VIVO. Cryobiology 2021; 104:102-106. [PMID: 34780791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilization of avian semen is a new method for gene pool preservation. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for the lyophilization of rooster semen with preserved fertility. Red Rhode Island rooster ejaculates (n = 20) were assessed by volume, motility, and concentration of spermatozoa. They were pooled and diluted 1:1 with a medium LCM-T20 containing trehalose (9.5 mM), exposed at 5 °C for 40 min and centrifuged, and then the supernatant was removed. Media LCM-T with trehalose (1.75 M) was added and exposed for 10 min. The semen was frozen in a thin layer in glass vials. Samples were lyophilized for 2 h at -150 … -50 °C. The water content of the samples after lyophilization was 6.1 ± 0.5% (CV 20%). The sample was rehydrated with a medium LCM-GA5 containing hyaluronic acid (40mg/100 mL media). The total motility of the spermatozoa was 1.0 ± 0.3%. From artificial insemination of virgin hens (n = 12) with rehydrated semen, one fertilized egg was obtained from eight laid eggs. All samples of perivitelline membranes of the obtained eggs had points of interaction with the spermatozoa (7-37 pcs/cm2), which confirmed the presence of viable rehydrated spermatozoa in the genital tract of the hen. To create a dry biobank for poultry, the first protocol for lyophilization of rooster semen was developed to ensure sperm fertility in vivo.
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López A, Betancourt M, Ducolomb Y, Rodríguez JJ, Casas E, Bonilla E, Bahena I, Retana-Márquez S, Juárez-Rojas L, Casillas F. DNA damage in cumulus cells generated after the vitrification of in vitro matured porcine oocytes and its impact on fertilization and embryo development. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:56. [PMID: 34663451 PMCID: PMC8522150 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of the DNA damage generated in cumulus cells after mature cumulus-oocyte complexes vitrification can be considered as an indicator of oocyte quality since these cells play important roles in oocyte developmental competence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if matured cumulus-oocyte complexes exposure to cryoprotectants (CPAs) or vitrification affects oocytes and cumulus cells viability, but also if DNA damage is generated in cumulus cells, affecting fertilization and embryo development. Results The DNA damage in cumulus cells was measured using the alkaline comet assay and expressed as Comet Tail Length (CTL) and Olive Tail Moment (OTM). Results demonstrate that oocyte exposure to CPAs or vitrification reduced oocyte (75.5 ± 3.69%, Toxicity; 66.7 ± 4.57%, Vitrification) and cumulus cells viability (32.7 ± 5.85%, Toxicity; 7.7 ± 2.21%, Vitrification) compared to control (95.5 ± 4.04%, oocytes; 89 ± 4.24%, cumulus cells). Also, significantly higher DNA damage expressed as OTM was generated in the cumulus cells after exposure to CPAs and vitrification (39 ± 17.41, 33.6 ± 16.69, respectively) compared to control (7.4 ± 4.22). In addition, fertilization and embryo development rates also decreased after exposure to CPAs (35.3 ± 16.65%, 22.6 ± 3.05%, respectively) and vitrification (32.3 ± 9.29%, 20 ± 1%, respectively). It was also found that fertilization and embryo development rates in granulose-intact oocytes were significantly higher compared to denuded oocytes in the control groups. However, a decline in embryo development to the blastocyst stage was observed after CPAs exposure (1.66 ± 0.57%) or vitrification (2 ± 1%) compared to control (22.3 ± 2.51%). This could be attributed to the reduction in both cell types viability, and the generation of DNA damage in the cumulus cells. Conclusion This study demonstrates that oocyte exposure to CPAs or vitrification reduced viability in oocytes and cumulus cells, and generated DNA damage in the cumulus cells, affecting fertilization and embryo development rates. These findings will allow to understand some of the mechanisms of oocyte damage after vitrification that compromise their developmental capacity, as well as the search for new vitrification strategies to increase fertilization and embryo development rates by preserving the integrity of the cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma López
- Biological and Health Sciences Program, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Betancourt
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yvonne Ducolomb
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Rodríguez
- Genetic and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, FES-Zaragoza-UMIEZ Campus II, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Bonilla
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Bahena
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fahiel Casillas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Leyes de Reforma, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Xu D, Bi J, Guan Y, Luo X, Chen X, Lv Y, Jin Y. Effects of the E1 activating enzyme UBA2 on porcine oocyte maturation, apoptosis, and embryonic development in vitro. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13548. [PMID: 33835647 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the E1 activating enzyme UBA2 on the expression of the SUMO-1 protein during in vitro maturation (IVM) of pig oocytes and embryonic development. In the 5 μg/ml UBA2 treatment group, the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and the embryo cleavage rate was significantly increased, while the proapoptotic gene Bax was significantly reduced. When 10 μg/ml UBA2 was added, the in vitro maturation rate, blastocyst rate, and SUMO-1 protein content of oocytes increased significantly (p < .05), and the expression of proapoptotic gene Caspase3 was significantly decreased (p < .05), while the viability of cumulus cells was extremely significantly reduced (p < .01). In summary, UBA2 can regulate the content of the SUMO-1 protein in mature pig oocytes in vitro, which in turn affects the maturation rate of oocytes, expression of apoptosis genes, cumulus cell viability, and the development of embryos after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Yunfeng Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaotong Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yanqiu Lv
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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6
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In vitro Production of Porcine Embryos: Current Status and Possibilities – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the current possibilities, state of knowledge and prospects of in vitro production (IVP) of pig embryos, which consists of in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture. In pigs, oocyte maturation is one of the most important stages in the embryo IVP process. It determines the oocyte’s fertilization ability as well as its embryonic development. Through many research studies of the proper selection of oocytes and appropriate maturation medium composition (especially the addition of various supplements), the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes has been significantly improved. Recent studies have demonstrated that modifications of the diluents and in vitro fertilization media can reduce polyspermy. Furthermore, several adjustments of the porcine culture media with the addition of some supplements have enhanced the embryo quality and developmental competence. These updates show the progress of IVP in pigs that has been achieved; however, many problems remain unsolved.
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7
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Fernández S, Morado S, Cetica P, Córdoba M. Hyaluronic acid capacitation induces intracellular signals modulated by membrane-associated adenylate cyclase and tyrosine kinase involved in bovine in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2020; 148:174-179. [PMID: 32182525 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is the most commonly used in vitro capacitation inducer in the bovine. However, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been recently used for capacitation induction as well as for other reproductive biotechnologies, such as sperm selection and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Our aim was to induce sperm capacitation with heparin or HA in order to study mAC and TK intracellular signals and their relation with cleavage and blastocyst rates after IVF as well as with the oxidative status of the potential bovine embryos. 2,5-dideoxyadenosine and genistein were used as mAC and TK inhibitors, respectively. Sperm capacitation was analyzed using CTC technique, sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were determined using trypan blue stain and differential interference contrast, and mitochondrial activity was evaluated using fluorochrome JC-1. Cleavage rate was analyzed 48h and blastocyst production 7-8 days after IVF, while cytosolic oxidative activity was determined using RedoxSensor Red CC-1 fluorochrome 7h after IVF. When mAC and TK inhibitors were added to sperm samples, only capacitation decreased significantly both in HA and heparin treated samples (P < 0.05), but plasma membrane and acrosome integrity percentages were not affected in any of these groups (P > 0.05). Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential only decreased in heparin treated samples in the presence of both inhibitors (P < 0.05). Oocytes activated with HA sperm treated samples with the addition of 2,5-dideoxyadenosine and genistein presented a lower cytosolic oxidative status than those activated with sperm treated with HA alone (P < 0.05). On the other hand, oocytes activated with heparin treated sperm samples presented a lower cytosolic oxidative status only in the presence of 2,5-dideoxyadenosine (P < 0.05). Therefore, mAC and TK present a differential participation in heparin and HA sperm induced capacitation and mitochondrial function as well as in IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Morado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Cetica
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Córdoba
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Zapata-Carmona H, Soriano-Úbeda C, París-Oller E, Matás C. Periovulatory oviductal fluid decreases sperm protein kinase A activity, tyrosine phosphorylation, and in vitro fertilization in pig. Andrology 2020; 8:756-768. [PMID: 31872543 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecules from the female reproductive tract modulate capacitation and function of sperm cells in vivo. These molecules vary in a quantitative and qualitative manner throughout the estrous cycle. OBJECTIVES This work evaluates the effect of using various female reproductive fluids on capacitation and fertilization of pig spermatozoa in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of culturing spermatozoa in different fluids on the levels of sperm protein kinase A (pPKA), tyrosine phosphorylation, acrosome reaction, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were evaluated. The fluids tested were as follows: oviductal fluid (OF) from five phases of the estrous cycle, namely early and late follicular (OF-EF, OF-LF), early and late luteal (OF-EL, OF-LL) and periovulatory (pOF), follicular fluid from medium-sized follicles, and secretions of cumulus-oocyte complexes (conditioned medium). RESULTS The pPKAs and tyrosine phosphorylation were decreased by OF-EF, OF-LF, OF-EL, and pOF but not by follicular fluid and conditioned medium. OF-EF, OF-LF, and pOF also decreased the sperm acrosome reaction. Moreover, the effect of pOF on pPKAs and tyrosine phosphorylation was reversible. In in vitro fertilization, OF-EF, OF-LF, OF-EL, and pOF reduced the percentage of penetrated oocytes, the mean number of spermatozoa per penetrated oocyte, and increased monospermy. CONCLUSION OF from follicular, early luteal, and periovulatory phases of the estrous cycle modulates the sperm protein phosphorylation as well as the acrosome reaction involved in capacitation and increases monospermic fertilization in in vitro fertilization. Our findings suggest that fluids from the female reproductive tract could be used as additives in porcine IVF systems to modulate sperm-oocyte interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Zapata-Carmona
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Evelyne París-Oller
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Matás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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9
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Alvarez-Rodriguez M, Ljunggren SA, Karlsson H, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Exosomes in specific fractions of the boar ejaculate contain CD44: A marker for epididymosomes? Theriogenology 2019; 140:143-152. [PMID: 31473497 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). The SP interacts with spermatozoa and the inner cell lining of the female genital tract, adsorbing proteins and exosomes that modulate sperm functions and female immune responsiveness. In the present study, boar sperm-free SP was studied using flow cytometry (FC) after membrane tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81) and membrane receptor CD44 marking of non-enriched (whole SP) or gradient fractions enriched through two-step discontinuous KBr-density-gradient ultracentrifugation, in whole ejaculate or in selected ejaculate fractions. The results, evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the presence of exosomes in all fractions of the pig SP. Noteworthy, these pig SP-exosomes were CD44-bearing when analysed by FC, with bands detected by western blotting (WB) at the expected 85 kD size. The two-step discontinuous KBr-density-gradient ultracentrifugation enriched the population of exosomes in two specific gradient fractions, indicating exosomes (either prostasomes or epididymosomes) could be separated from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but they co-sediment with the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bearing fraction. The findings pave for the selective isolation of exosomes in functional studies of their function when interacting with spermatozoa, the oocyte and/or the female genitalia, including hyaluronan-CD44 interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), BHK/O&G Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational & Environmental Medicine Centre, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational & Environmental Medicine Centre, Linköping University, SE-58185, Linköping, Sweden
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10
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Romar R, Cánovas S, Matás C, Gadea J, Coy P. Pig in vitro fertilization: Where are we and where do we go? Theriogenology 2019; 137:113-121. [PMID: 31182223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pig is an important livestock animal. Biotechnological interest in this species has increased due to its use, among others, in the generation of transgenic animals for use in biomedicine based on its greater physiological proximity to the human species than other large domestic animals. This development has paralleled an improvement in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) used for this species. However, the ability to generate animals from embryos produced entirely in vitro is still limited and a wide margin for improvement remains. Here we review the procedures, additives, and devices used during pig in vitro fertilization (IVF), focusing on the main points of each step that have offered the best results in terms of increased efficiency of the system. The lack of standardized protocols and consensus on the parameters to be assessed makes it difficult to compare results across different studies, but some conclusions are drawn from the literature. We anticipate that new physiological protocols will advance the field of swine IVF, including induction of prefertilization ZP hardening with oviductal fluid, sperm preparation by swim-up method, increased viscosity through the addition of inert molecules or reproductive biofluids, and the incorporation of 3D devices. Here we also reflect on the need to expand the variables on which the efficiency of pig IVF is based, providing new parameters that should be considered to supply more objective and quantitative assessment of IVF additives and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Romar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sebastián Cánovas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Matás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Evaluation of ε-polylysine as antimicrobial alternative for liquid-stored boar semen. Theriogenology 2019; 130:146-156. [PMID: 30897429 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ε-polylysine (ε-PL) has potent antibacterial effects and is often used in the food industry. However, no studies have clarified the antibacterial effects of ε-PL during storage of boar semen. In this study, boar semen samples were diluted with BTS buffer supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 g/L) of ε-PL and different combinations of ε-PL plus gentamicin during liquid storage at 17 °C for 5 days. Bacterial concentrations, bacterial community compositions, sperm quality parameters, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were evaluated in order to analyze the antibacterial effects of these parameters during boar semen preservation. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of ε-PL was 0.16 g/L, which significantly improved sperm quality parameters, including sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and acrosome integrity, and changed bacterial proliferation and composition (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, IVF parameters in the treatment groups also significantly improved (P < 0.05), although there were no significant differences among treatment groups. Interestingly, the antibacterial effect of 0.16 g/L ε-PL in combination with 0.125 g/L gentamycin was similar to that of 0.25 g/L gentamicin alone. In conclusion, our results showed that 0.16 g/L ε-PL is promising for the replacement of gentamicin to improve sperm quality parameters, sperm capacitation, and IVF by reducing bacterial concentrations and disrupting bacterial community composition.
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12
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Han Y, Biswas D, Yoon JD, Jeon Y, Hyun SH. Effect of porcine uterus as ex vivo model of fertilizing ability and gene expression pattern on blastocysts. Theriogenology 2019; 129:146-153. [PMID: 30851478 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The success of in vitro embryo production demonstrates that the oviduct can be bypassed during early embryonic development. Using an ex vivo model of porcine uterus is one of the strategies used to investigate fertilization within the oviductal environment. In this study, in vitro-matured porcine oocytes (MII) were fertilized with 7.5 × 107, 15 × 107, or 30 × 107 sperm cells for 20 min in the oviduct of a porcine uterine ex vivo model. MII oocytes used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) served as control 1; those cultured in the oviduct of the ex vivo model for 20 min before IVF served as control 2. In present study, the penetration rate, polyspermy, and fertilization efficiency, and accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the treatment groups were significantly decreased compared to those in the control 1 group. During embryonic development, the cleavage rates in the treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control groups. The cleavage rate in the 30 × 107 sperm cell-treated group was higher than that in the 7.5 × 107 sperm cell-treated group. The blastocyst formation rate in control 1 and 2, and 30 × 107 sperm cell-treated groups increased compared to that in the 7.5 and 15 × 107 sperm cell-treated groups. PCNA, HSP70.2, and GLUT1 were upregulated in the treatment groups and POU5F1, BAX, GPX1 were upregulated in the treatment and control 2 groups, compared to the control 1 group. These results suggest that an ex vivo model may decrease the penetration rate and fertilization efficiency by increasing the accumulated ROS levels and inducing the expression of apoptosis- and stress-related genes. However, the model improved the monospermy rate and expression of embryo developmental competence genes. This is the first study that evaluates the effect of an ex vivo model of porcine uterus on fertilization parameters, and the development of porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Han
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dibyendu Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj Campus, Barisal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubyeol Jeon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeolabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hwan Hyun
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Fowler KE, Mandawala AA, Griffin DK, Walling GA, Harvey SC. The production of pig preimplantation embryos in vitro: Current progress and future prospects. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Casillas F, Betancourt M, Cuello C, Ducolomb Y, López A, Juárez-Rojas L, Retana-Márquez S. An efficiency comparison of different in vitro fertilization methods: IVF, ICSI, and PICSI for embryo development to the blastocyst stage from vitrified porcine immature oocytes. Porcine Health Manag 2018; 4:16. [PMID: 30123521 PMCID: PMC6088397 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-018-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies carried out to evaluate recovery and development after porcine oocyte vitrification, reported better rates when cryopreserved in embryonic development stages or zygotes, but not in immature oocytes. For this reason, many studies are performed to improve immature oocyte vitrification protocols testing the use of different cryoprotectant concentrations, cooling devices, incubation times; but only a few of them have evaluated which fertilization procedure enhances blastocyst rates in vitrified oocytes. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate: 1) if the sperm selection with hyaluronic acid (HA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) before injection could play a key role in increasing fertilization and blastocyst formation and 2) the embryo developmental ability and blastocyst production of porcine immature oocytes retrieved after vitrification-warming and co-cultured with granulosa cells during IVM, using different fertilization techniques: in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and conventional ICSI with hyaluronic acid (HA) sperm selection, known as physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI) and. Results Sperm selected with HA-PICSI displayed a higher percentage of live/acrosome reacted status compared to those in control and exposed to PVP. Higher dead/acrosome reacted rates were obtained after PVP exposure compared to control and HA. In oocytes, viability significantly decreased after IVM in vitrified oocytes. Besides, IVM rates were not different between control denuded oocytes cultured with granulosa cells (DO-GC) and vitrified oocytes. Regarding fertilization parameters, IVF showed higher percentages of total fertilization rate than those obtained by ICSI and PICSI. However, results demonstrate that PICSI fertilization increased the blastocysts formation rate in control DO-GC and vitrified oocytes compared to IVF and ICSI. Conclusions To achieve high blastocyst formation rates from vitrified GV oocytes, it is recommended that sperm should be selected with HA instead of PVP before injection since high viability and acrosome reaction rates were obtained. Also, PICSI fertilization was the best method to produce higher blastocyst rates compared to the IVF and ICSI procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahiel Casillas
- 1Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico.,2Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Miguel Betancourt
- 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Cristina Cuello
- 4Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Yvonne Ducolomb
- 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alma López
- 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- 1Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- 1Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 CDMX, Mexico
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15
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Álvarez-Rodriguez M, Vicente-Carrillo A, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Hyaluronan improves neither the long-term storage nor the cryosurvival of liquid-stored CD44-bearing AI boar spermatozoa. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:351-360. [PMID: 29887535 PMCID: PMC6105739 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) apparently improves sperm survival in vitro and in vivo (oviduct), maintaining sperm motility and inducing capacitation,
but not acrosome exocytosis, either by direct action as a macromolecule or via CD44 membrane receptors. This study explored ejaculated, liquid-extended pig spermatozoa to ascertain (i) the
presence (Western blotting) and specific location (immunocytochemistry) of the CD44 receptor, using a specific monoclonal commercial antibody; (ii) whether the CD44 receptor changed location
when exposed to bicarbonate, a capacitating trigger, in vitro; and (iii) whether the addition of HA, of molecular size comparable to that produced in the oviduct sperm
reservoir (0.0625 to 2.0 mg/ml; 0 HA: control), to semen extenders would improve sperm liquid storage in vitro or cryosurvival post-freezing. Variables tested were sperm
velocity and progressive motility (QualispermTM), sperm viability and acrosome status, membrane integrity and early destabilization, mitochondrial activation, and superoxide
production (flow cytometry). The CD44 receptor presence in ejaculated, liquid-stored AI boar spermatozoa, as confirmed by a porcine-specific monoclonal antibody, maintained its membrane
location under in vitro capacitation-inducing conditions. HA exposure to 24-, 48-, or 72-h liquid-stored (17–20ºC) spermatozoa lowered sperm velocity in membrane-intact
spermatozoa, but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Finally, HA addition during cooling did not improve cryosurvival but did increase mitochondrial activation and membrane
destabilization in surviving cells. These results confirm the existence of a CD44 receptor in pig spermatozoa, but the usefulness of adding HA for long-term storage or cryopreservation of
liquid-stored, extended boar semen remains in question, thereby warranting further non-empirical analyses of HA-sperm membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Álvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), BKH, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58115 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Vicente-Carrillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), BKH, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58115 Linköping, Sweden.,Present: Evidensia Valla Djursjukhus Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), BKH, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58115 Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Nakamura Y, Kikuchi K. Utilization of porcine in vitro
-produced parthenogenetic embryos for co-transfer with vitrified and warmed embryos. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1925-1933. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Saitama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Research Center; Kumagaya Japan
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Tsukuba Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Tsukuba Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
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17
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Nakamura Y, Tajima S, Kikuchi K. The quality after culture in vitro or in vivo of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro and their ability to develop to term. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1916-1924. [PMID: 28776828 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quality of porcine blastocysts produced in vitro is poor in comparison with those that develop in vivo. We examined the quality of in vitro-matured and fertilized (IVM/IVF) oocytes, their abilities to develop to blastocysts under in vivo and in vitro conditions, and the potential of the embryos to develop to term after transfer. IVM/IVF oocytes were either transferred and the embryos recovered on Days 5 and 6 (100% and 87.5%, respectively) ('ET-vivo' embryos), or cultured in vitro for 5 or 6 days ('IVC' embryos). The proportion of blastocysts differed significantly between the two groups on Day 5 (20.6% and 8.0%, respectively), but not on Day 6 (23.8% and 21.2%, respectively). The mean number of cells in ET-vivo blastocysts on Days 5 or 6 was significantly higher (72.8 and 78.7, respectively) than that in IVC blastocysts (22.1 and 39.7, respectively). When IVM/IVF oocytes and IVC blastocysts on Day 6 were transferred, all (three and three, respectively) developed to piglets (16 and 16, respectively), without any difference in the rates of development to term (2.1% and 2.6%, respectively). These data suggest that, although blastocyst production differs between the two culture conditions, IVM/IVF oocytes possess the same ability to develop to term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Saitama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Research Center, Kumagaya, Japan.,Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamguchi, Japan
| | - Sigeyuki Tajima
- Aichi Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kikuchi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamguchi, Japan
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18
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Tienthai P. The porcine sperm reservoir in relation to the function of hyaluronan. J Reprod Dev 2016; 61:245-50. [PMID: 26311759 PMCID: PMC4547981 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviduct plays a role in successful animal reproduction not only in spermatozoa and ova transport to the fertilization site but also by affording a microenvironment for fertilization and early embryonic development. The sperm reservoir (SR) is restricted in the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and caudal isthmus. Billions of porcine spermatozoa are distributed to the female reproductive tract during/after insemination, and small amounts of them are stored for about 36–40 hours in the SR, which maintains sperm viability in the pre-ovulation period through its surface epithelium and production of fluid. The SR regulates the release of spermatozoa so that only a small population moves towards the fertilization site (ampulla) to decrease polyspermy. This review attempts to provide information about the structure and function of the porcine SR, its intraluminal content (hyaluronan, HA), and the influences of HA on porcine spermatozoa in vivo. In pigs, the
spermatozoa are stored in a mucous-like fluid within the UTJ and caudal isthmus in the pre-ovulation period. The oviduct fluid contains sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-sulfated GAGs, i.e., HA. It is interesting to note that HA is synthesized by hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS-3), and its receptor, CD44, is found in the epithelium of the porcine SR site. Additionally, sperm capacitation does not occur in vivo in the SR during the pre- and peri-ovulation periods, but spermatozoa in the SR will attempt to capacitate if exposed to bicarbonate. However, capacitation in the SR will rise in the post-ovulation period, indicating the role of HA in modulating sperm capacitation after ovulation. All data support the understanding that the porcine SR ensures the viability of fertile spermatozoa and maintains the non-capacitated status during the pre-ovulation period. This basic knowledge about the SR is believed to be useful to advance sperm preparation procedures
for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and improve the preservation process of porcine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisan Tienthai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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19
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Funahashi H. Methods for Improving In Vitro and In Vivo Boar Sperm Fertility. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 50 Suppl 2:40-7. [PMID: 26174918 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fertility of boar spermatozoa is changed after ejaculation in vivo and in vitro. During processing for in vitro fertilization (IVF), although spermatozoa are induced capacitation, resulting in a high penetration rate, persistent obstacle of polyspermic penetration is still observed with a high incidence. For artificial insemination (AI), we still need a large number of spermatozoa and lose a majority of those in the female reproductive tract. Fertility of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa is still injured through freezing and thawing process. In the present brief review, factors affecting fertility of boar sperm during IVF, AI and cryopreservation are discussed in the context of discovering methodologies to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Funahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Gómez-Torres MJ, García EM, Guerrero J, Medina S, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Orduna J, Savirón M, González-Brusi L, Ten J, Bernabeu R, Avilés M. Metabolites involved in cellular communication among human cumulus-oocyte-complex and sperm during in vitro fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:123. [PMID: 26553294 PMCID: PMC4640411 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilization is a key physiological process for the preservation of the species. Consequently, different mechanisms affecting the sperm and the oocyte have been developed to ensure a successful fertilization. Thus, sperm acrosome reaction is necessary for the egg coat penetration and sperm-oolema fusion. Several molecules are able to induce the sperm acrosome reaction; however, this process should be produced coordinately in time and in the space to allow the success of fertilization between gametes. The goal of this study was to analyze the metabolites secreted by cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC) to find out new components that could contribute to the induction of the human sperm acrosome reaction and other physiological processes at the time of gamete interaction and fertilization. METHODS For the metabolomic analysis, eighteen aliquots of medium were used in each group, containing: a) only COC before insemination and after 3 h of incubation; b) COC and capacitated spermatozoa after insemination and incubated for 16-20 hours; c) only capacitated sperm after 16-20 h in culture and d) only fertilization medium as control. Six patients undergoing assisted reproduction whose male partners provided normozoospermic samples were included in the study. Seventy-two COC were inseminated. RESULTS The metabolites identified were monoacylglycerol (MAG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phytosphingosine (PHS). Analysis by PCR and in silico of the gene expression strongly suggests that the cumulus cells contribute to the formation of the PHS and LPC. CONCLUSIONS LPC and PHS are secreted by cumulus cells during in vitro fertilization and they could be involved in the induction of human acrosome reaction (AR). The identification of new molecules with a paracrine effect on oocytes, cumulus cells and spermatozoa will provide a better understanding of gamete interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 99, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, 03016, Spain.
| | - Eva María García
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 99, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, 03016, Spain
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, 03016, Spain
| | - Jaime Guerrero
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, 03016, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - María José Izquierdo-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Espinardo 30100 and IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragon, CSIC-University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Savirón
- Institute of Materials Science of Aragon, CSIC-University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leopoldo González-Brusi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Espinardo 30100 and IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jorge Ten
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 99, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, Alicante, 03016, Spain
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, 03016, Spain
| | - Rafael Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, 03016, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Espinardo 30100 and IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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Schmidt K, Clark A, Mello A, Durfey C, Buck A, Boyd K, Whitaker BD. The effects of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on in vitro fertilisation of porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14226. [PMID: 25585197 DOI: 10.1071/rd14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidences of polyspermic penetration continue to challenge researchers during porcine in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The aim of this study was to reduce the incidence of polyspermy by increasing the perivitelline space thickness with glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplementation during oocyte maturation. After maturation, zona pellucida and perivitelline space thicknesses, intracellular glutathione concentrations and fertilisation kinetics were measured, in addition to embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation at 48h and 144h after IVF, respectively. There were no significant differences between the treatments for zona pellucida thickness, penetration rates, male pronuclear formation or cortical granule exocytosis. Glucuronic acid supplementation significantly increased (PPPP<0.05) of cleavage and blastocyst formation by 48 and 144h after IVF compared with all other groups. These results indicate that supplementing with 0.005mM glucuronic acid and 0.005mM GlcNAc during oocyte maturation decreases the incidence of polyspermic penetration by increasing perivitelline space thickness and improving embryo development in pigs.
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Liu J, Chen M, Lin C, Weng X, Meng Z, Tang W. Effect of Early Cumulus Cell Removal on the Fertilization and Clinical Outcome in Human <i>in Vitro</i> Fertilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/arsci.2015.33006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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Influence of heparin or the presence of cumulus cells during fertilization on the in vitro production of goat embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:82-9. [PMID: 23517856 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considerable research has been focused on in vitro production (IVP) of goat embryos to improve its efficiency. In Experiment 1, the effect of the cumulus cells by comparing slaughterhouse-oocytes denuded on purpose (DOP) prior to IVF to intact COC, and the effect of heparin during IVF were assessed. In Experiment 2, oocytes that were already denuded at collection (DOC), DOP and intact COC were studied. Three treatments used oocytes denuded at collection: DOC oocytes were cultured alone for both IVM and IVF; DOC and COC were cultured together for both IVM and IVF or DOC were IVM alone and then mixed with COC for IVF. In other treatments, COC were allocated to four IVF treatments: Intact COC; COC were denuded prior to IVF; COC were denuded and IVF with added cumulus cells; COC were denuded and IVF mixed with intact COC giving two sub-treatments: Denuded oocytes that were IVF with COC; and COC that were IVF with denuded oocytes. After fertilization, all presumptive zygotes were cultured for 8 days. In Experiment 1, the yield of blastocysts as a proportion of total oocytes was greater (P<0.05) for COC that were IVF in the presence of heparin (54%) than without heparin (42%) or oocytes already denuded at collection that were IVF with or without heparin (41%; 38%; respectively). In Experiment 2, the developmental potential of oocytes denuded at collection was reduced (cleavage and blastocyst rates calculated from total oocytes: 34%; 11%, respectively) as compared to COC (77%; 59%, P<0.05). However, when equal numbers of both were mixed at the start of IVM, the rates were not significantly different to COC alone (68%; 45%), but when both were mixed equally only for IVF, the rates were reduced (57%; 40%, P<0.05). Denuded oocytes co-cultured with cumulus cells were not significantly different to intact COC (76%; 55%). The effect of adding COC during IVF to oocytes denuded after IVM was similar to adding cumulus cells to the same type of oocytes. In conclusion, both the use of heparin and the association of oocytes with cumulus cells, either detached or in intimate contact, during IVM and/or IVF significantly improve IVP of goat embryos. Furthermore, some oocytes that are already denuded at collection will develop satisfactorily to blastocysts when matured and fertilized with intact COC.
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Agung B, Otoi T, Fuchimoto DI, Senbon S, Onishi A, Nagai T. In vitro fertilization and development of porcine oocytes matured in follicular fluid. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59:103-6. [PMID: 23428620 PMCID: PMC3934192 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2011-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the fertilization and development of porcine oocytes
matured in a solo follicular fluid (pFF) using different in vitro culture
systems and insemination periods. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), follicular cells (FCs),
and pFF were collected from the follicles of ovaries. The pFF was used as a maturation
medium (MpFF) after supplementation with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
antibiotics. The COCs were matured in a 15 ml test tube containing 3.5 ml of MpFF with FCs
(5.2 × 106 cells/ml; rotating culture system) or 2 ml of MpFF without FCs in a
35-mm petri dish (static culture system) for 44 to 48 h. After maturation culture, oocytes
were co-incubated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa for 5 h and then cultured for 7 days. The
total mean rates of sperm penetration, normal fertilization, male pronucleus (MPN)
formation, cleavage, and development to the blastocyst stage of oocytes after insemination
were significantly higher (P<0.01) in the rotating culture system than in the static
culture system. In conclusion, compared with the static culture system, the rotating
culture system is adequate for the production of developmentally competent porcine oocytes
when MpFF is used as a maturation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budiyanto Agung
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Kumaresan A, Johannisson A, Humblot P, Bergqvist AS. Oviductal fluid modulates the dynamics of tyrosine phosphorylation in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa during capacitation. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:525-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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The effect of oviductal fluid on protein tyrosine phosphorylation in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa differs with the freezing method. Theriogenology 2012; 77:588-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Regassa A, Rings F, Hoelker M, Cinar U, Tholen E, Looft C, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Transcriptome dynamics and molecular cross-talk between bovine oocyte and its companion cumulus cells. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:57. [PMID: 21261964 PMCID: PMC3045333 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bi-directional communication between the oocyte and its companion cumulus cells (CCs) is crucial for development and functions of both cell types. Transcripts that are exclusively expressed either in oocytes or CCs and molecular mechanisms affected due to removal of the communication axis between the two cell types is not investigated at a larger scale. The main objectives of this study were: 1. To identify transcripts exclusively expressed either in oocyte or CCs and 2. To identify those which are differentially expressed when the oocyte is cultured with or without its companion CCs and vice versa. RESULTS We analyzed transcriptome profile of different oocyte and CC samples using Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome array containing 23000 transcripts. Out of 13162 genes detected in germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes and their companion CCs, 1516 and 2727 are exclusively expressed in oocytes and CCs, respectively, while 8919 are expressed in both. Similarly, of 13602 genes detected in metaphase II (MII) oocytes and CCs, 1423 and 3100 are exclusively expressed in oocytes and CCs, respectively, while 9079 are expressed in both. A total of 265 transcripts are differentially expressed between oocytes cultured with (OO+CCs) and without (OO-CCs) CCs, of which 217 and 48 are over expressed in the former and the later groups, respectively. Similarly, 566 transcripts are differentially expressed when CCs mature with (CCs+OO) or without (CCs-OO) their enclosed oocytes. Of these, 320 and 246 are over expressed in CCs+OO and CCs-OO, respectively.While oocyte specific transcripts include those involved in transcription (IRF6, POU5F1, MYF5, MED18), translation (EIF2AK1, EIF4ENIF1) and CCs specific ones include those involved in carbohydrate metabolism (HYAL1, PFKL, PYGL, MPI), protein metabolic processes (IHH, APOA1, PLOD1), steroid biosynthetic process (APOA1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1, HSD3B7). Similarly, while transcripts over expressed in OO+CCs are involved in carbohydrate metabolism (ACO1, 2), molecular transport (GAPDH, GFPT1) and nucleic acid metabolism (CBS, NOS2), those over expressed in CCs+ OO are involved in cellular growth and proliferation (FOS, GADD45A), cell cycle (HAS2, VEGFA), cellular development (AMD1, AURKA, DPP4) and gene expression (FOSB, TGFB2). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study has generated large scale gene expression data from different oocyte and CCs samples that would provide insights into gene functions and interactions within and across different pathways that are involved in the maturation of bovine oocytes. Moreover, the presence or absence of oocyte and CC factors during bovine oocyte maturation can have a profound effect on transcript abundance of each cell types, thereby showing the prevailing molecular cross-talk between oocytes and their corresponding CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Regassa
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Germany
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29
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SAMBUU R, TAKAGI M, NAMULA Z, OTOI T, SHIGA S, RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS R, FINK-GREMMELS J. Effects of Exposure to Zearalenone on Porcine Oocytes and Sperm During Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:547-50. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rentsenkhand SAMBUU
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Zaisan-210153, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Mitsuhiro TAKAGI
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Zhao NAMULA
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takeshige OTOI
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Satoshi SHIGA
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Gil MA, Cuello C, Parrilla I, Vazquez JM, Roca J, Martinez EA. Advances in Swine In Vitro Embryo Production Technologies. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45 Suppl 2:40-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Agung B, Piao Y, Fuchimoto D, Senbon S, Onishi A, Otoi T, Nagai T. Effects of oxygen tension and follicle cells on maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes during in vitro culture in follicular fluid. Theriogenology 2010; 73:893-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Yeste M, Briz M, Pinart E, Sancho S, Garcia-Gil N, Badia E, Bassols J, Pruneda A, Bussalleu E, Casas I, Bonet S. Hyaluronic acid delays boar sperm capacitation after 3 days of storage at 15°C. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 109:236-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Gil M, Almiñana C, Roca J, Vázquez J, Martínez E. Boar semen variability and its effects on IVF efficiency. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1260-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Rath D, Schuberth HJ, Coy P, Taylor U. Sperm Interactions from Insemination to Fertilization. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 5:2-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Yeste M, Briz M, Pinart E, Sancho S, Garcia-Gil N, Badia E, Bassols J, Pruneda A, Bussalleu E, Casas I, Bonet S. Boar spermatozoa and prostaglandin F2α. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 108:180-95. [PMID: 17897798 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) has been used to improve reproductive performance in swine. The goal of the present work was to determine how the addition of PGF2alpha affects boar sperm quality. Eleven different treatments were evaluated: eight with only PGF2alpha (0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10, 12.50, 25 and 50mg PGF2alpha/100ml) and three binary treatments (0.625mg PGF2alpha/100ml+200microg/ml hyaluronic acid (HA), 1.25mg PGF2alpha/100ml+200microg/ml HA, 0.625mg PGF2alpha/100ml+7.5microM caffeine (Caf)). All these substances were added to 16 ejaculates from 16 healthy and sexually mature boars (n=16), and each ejaculate was considered as a replicate. Our study also assessed the effects of these 11 treatments over different periods of preservation. Sperm quality was tested immediately after the addition of treatments (time 0), and after 1, 3, 6 and 10 days of cooling at 15 degrees C. To evaluate sperm quality, five parameters were analysed: (1) sperm viability, acrosome and mitochondrial sheath integrity (using a multiple fluorochrome-staining test), (2) sperm motility, (3) sperm morphology and (4) agglutination (using a computer assisted system) and (5) osmotic resistance (using the ORT). Parametric (analysis of variance for repeated measures) and non-parametric tests (Friedman test) were used as statistical analyses. Treatments with PGF2alpha concentrations higher than 12.5mg/100ml were cytotoxic while the others did not damage boar spermatozoa. Thus, the other treatments may be used to produce profitable effects without adverse effects. Moreover, the addition of PGF2alpha at 5mg/100ml to sperm diluted in BTS may maintain sperm viability and motility better after 6 days of cooling, because significant differences were observed (P<0.05) compared with control at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yeste
- Biotechnology of Porcine Reproduction, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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36
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Rodríguez-Martínez H, Saravia F, Wallgren M, Roca J, Peña FJ. Influence of seminal plasma on the kinematics of boar spermatozoa during freezing. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1242-50. [PMID: 18639331 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sperm motility is, for its relation to cell viability and fertility, a central component of the spermiogram, where consideration of motion patterns allows discrimination of sub-populations among boar spermatozoa. Extension and cryo-preservation imposes changes in these patterns in connection to handling, additives, temperature changes and the removal of boar seminal plasma (BSP) which apparently makes spermatozoa susceptible to oxidative stress, thus affecting survival and motility post-thaw. Detailed kinematic analyses during sperm cooling are sparse, particularly when considering the instrumentation and settings used for analyses, the effect of extenders, and of the BSP the processed spermatozoa are exposed to. Spermatozoa present in the first collectable 10mL of the sperm-rich fraction of the ejaculate (portion 1, P1-BSP), have shown an increased ability to sustain motility during and after cryo-preservation than spermatozoa immersed in the rest of the ejaculate (portion 2, P2). When P2-spermatozoa were cleansed from their BSP and exposed for 60min to pooled P1-BSP, their motility post-thaw increased to similar levels as P1-spermatozoa. This BSP-influence is sire-dependent, presumably related to the protein concentration in the different ejaculate portions, and apparently unrelated to changes in membrane integrity or membrane stability through conventional, controlled cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rodríguez-Martínez
- Division of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Almiñana C, Gil MA, Cuello C, Parrilla I, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Martinez EA. Effects of ultrashort gamete co-incubation time on porcine in vitro fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 106:393-401. [PMID: 17692478 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in co-incubation time has been suggested as an alternative method to reduce polyspermic fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short periods of gamete co-incubation during pig in vitro fertilization. A total of 2,833 in vitro matured oocytes were inseminated with thawed spermatozoa and coincubated for 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 min and 6h. The oocytes from the 0.25-10 min groups were washed three times in modified Tris-buffered medium (mTBM) medium to remove spermatozoa not bound to the zona and transferred to the same medium (containing no spermatozoa) until 6h of co-incubation time were completed. After 6h, presumptive zygotes from each group were cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 12-15 h to assess fertilization parameters. After each period of co-incubation, 45-50 oocytes from each group were stained with Hoechst-33342 and the number of spermatozoa bound to the zona was counted. Although the number of zona bound spermatozoa increased (p<0.05) with the co-incubation time, no increase was observed in penetration rates among groups from 2 min to 6h of co-incubation time (ranging from 53.5+/-2.8 to 61.3+/-2.6%). Similarly, the efficiency of fertilization reached a maximum for the 2 min of co-incubation group with values ranging between 32.3+/-2.4 and 41.9+/-2.5%. The reduction of co-incubation time did not affect the monospermy rate (range: 71.3+/-3.4-80.2+/-3.8%) and the mean number of spermatozoa/oocyte (range: 1.2+/-0.4-1.4+/-0.5). These results show that, under our in vitro conditions, high penetration rate can be obtained with co-incubation times as short as 2 min, although monospermy could not be improved using this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almiñana
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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38
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SOMFAI T, KASHIWAZAKI N, OZAWA M, NAKAI M, MAEDOMARI N, NOGUCHI J, KANEKO H, NAGAI T, KIKUCHI K. Effect of Centrifugation Treatment before Vitrification on the Viability of Porcine Mature Oocytes and Zygotes Produced In Vitro. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:149-55. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás SOMFAI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
- National Livestock Breeding Center
| | | | - Manabu OZAWA
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Michiko NAKAI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | | | - Junko NOGUCHI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Hiroyuki KANEKO
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Takashi NAGAI
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
| | - Kazuhiro KIKUCHI
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
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Abstract
Although techniques for in vitro production of porcine embryos have proceeded very rapidly during the past decade, polyspermic penetration still remains a persistent obstacle to porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) systems. Considerable research on in vitro polyspermic penetration in porcine in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes has been undertaken to try to solve this problem. In the current paper, recent advancements in overcoming the problems of polyspermy in porcine IVF systems are reviewed. Partial induction of the acrosome reaction of boar spermatozoa in IVF media that contain caffeine is likely to be one of the major causes of polyspermy. A reduction in the number of incompletely acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, which can bind tightly to the zona pellucida and mask free sperm receptors of the zona pellucida, could reduce the incidence of polyspermic penetration; however, morphological differences in the reaction of the zona pellucida have been observed between IVM and ovulated oocytes, which suggests that altered zona morphology may be another cause of polyspermic penetration. It has been shown that the developmental ability of polyspermic porcine embryos to the blastocyst stage is similar to that of normal embryos but that developmental competence to term is much lower. To overcome the current problems of polyspermy, it is suggested that future efforts should be focused on controlling boar sperm function and/or sperm-zona binding to achieve the final maturation associated with normal zona modifications of porcine oocytes at fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Funahashi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Japan.
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40
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Bucak MN, Ateşşahin A, Varişli O, Yüce A, Tekin N, Akçay A. The influence of trehalose, taurine, cysteamine and hyaluronan on ram semen. Theriogenology 2007; 67:1060-7. [PMID: 17280711 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of information regarding lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in cryopreserved ram semen, and cryopreservation is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which lead to lipid peroxidation (LPO) of sperm membranes, resulting in a loss of motility, viability and fertility of sperm. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of certain additives and their different doses on standard semen parameters, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities after the cryopreservation/thawing of ram semen. Ejaculates collected from four Akkaraman rams, a native breed of sheep, were evaluated and pooled at 33 degrees C. Semen samples which were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing additives including trehalose (50, 100mM), taurine (25, 50mM), cysteamine (5, 10mM), and hyaluronan (0.5, 1mg/ml), and an extender containing no additives (control) were cooled to 5 degrees C and frozen in 0.25ml French straws, being stored in liquid nitrogen. Frozen straws were thawed individually at 37 degrees C for 20s in a water bath for evaluation. The use of a Tris-based extender supplemented with 50mM trehalose, 25mM taurine, and 5 and 10mM cysteamine led to higher percentages of post-thaw motility, in comparison to the control group (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed in the percentages of acrosome and total abnormalities, and the hypoosmotic swelling test upon the supplementation of the freezing extender with antioxidants after the thawing of semen. In biochemical assays, the addition of antioxidants did not cause significant differences in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), after thawing, when compared to groups with no additives. In this study, catalase (CAT) activities were higher in the group that was applied 25mM taurine as an antioxidant, than in all of the other groups (P<0.001). Compared to the controls, antioxidant treatment with 100mM trehalose, 50mM taurine, 5mM cysteamine and 0.5mg/ml hyaluronan, significantly elevated vitamin E (vit E) levels in samples (P<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, 06610 Ankara, Turkey.
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Tokeshi I, Yoshimoto T, Muto N, Nakamura S, Ashizawa K, Nakada T, Tatemoto H. Antihyaluronidase Action of Ellagic Acid Effectively Prevents Polyspermy As a Result of Suppression of the Acrosome Reaction Induced by Sperm-Zona Interaction During In Vitro Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:755-64. [PMID: 17389774 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the effects of three tannin relatives (tannic acid, TA; gallic acid, GA; and ellagic acid, EA) on antihyaluronidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, in vitro fertilization (IVF) parameters, and the acrosome reaction (AR) induced by sperm-zona interaction. Among the three tannin relatives, TA and EA showed the strongest potency for blocking the hyaluronidase activity of boar sperm, with concentration-dependent inhibition over the range of 2-10 microg/ml. In contrast, ROSs were effectively scavenged by TA and GA, but not EA. When cumulus-free oocytes were inseminated in IVF medium containing 5 microg/ml of the tannin relatives, polyspermy was significantly reduced by TA and EA (32 and 29%, respectively) compared with oocytes treated with or without GA (51 and 69%, respectively) under conditions that maintained a high sperm penetration rate (P<0.05). Interestingly, induction of the AR by treatment of preincubated sperm with progesterone was blocked by TA and GA as a result of their higher levels of ROS scavenging activity, while EA, which possessed weak ROS scavenging activity, did not disturb induction of the AR with progesterone. However, the incidence of AR induced by sperm-zona interaction was significantly decreased by the strong antihyaluronidase actions of TA and EA compared with that in the absence of these compounds. Treatment with the compounds caused neither a protective proteolytic modification of the zona pellucida matrix before fertilization nor a reduction in acrosomal proteolytic activity or the number of zona-bound sperm. These findings suggest that the antihyaluronidase action of EA effectively prevents polyspermy by suppression of AR functionality induced by sperm-zona interaction and that hyaluronidase intervention is therefore required during porcine IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tokeshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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42
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Almiñana C, Gil MA, Cuello C, Roca J, Vazquez JM, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Martinez EA. Adjustments in IVF system for individual boars: value of additives and time of sperm-oocyte co-incubation. Theriogenology 2006; 64:1783-96. [PMID: 15907993 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) in pigs is still considered sub-optimal, due to the variable occurrence of polyspermy, variability mainly related to sperm differences. The present study was conducted in an attempt to increase the efficiency of the in vitro production of porcine embryos by optimizing the in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol for individual males, with regard to the composition of the fertilization medium (experiments 1 and 2) and the length of gamete co-incubation time (experiment 3). A total of 5,943 COC's were in vitro matured (IVM) and inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa from 2 boars (A and B). Experiment 1 determined the effect of additives caffeine (2mM), hyaluronic acid (HA; [0.5mg/mL]) and adenosine (10 microM), alone or in combination, to the IVF-medium during sperm-oocyte co-incubation. Experiment 2 tested the addition of various HA (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/ml) and adenosine (0, 10, 20 and 40 microM) concentrations in the fertilization medium; while experiment 3 investigated the effect of two periods of sperm-oocyte co-incubation (10 min or 6h). In the case of 10 min sperm-oocyte co-incubation, oocytes with attaching spermatozoa were further cultured in IVF-medium containing no spermatozoa until the 6h of insemination was completed. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in embryo culture medium for 12-15 h to assess fertilization parameters. In experiment 1, only caffeine significantly influenced the outcome of fertilization, albeit being a clearly boar-dependent effect. In experiment 2, similar boar differences were seen for HA supplementation while presence of exogenous adenosine did not influence fertilization parameters in either boar. The results of experiment 3 demonstrated that a short co-incubation time significantly (P<0.001) increased penetration rate and mean number of spermatozoa per oocyte (74.9+/-3.9% versus 62.7+/-3.9% and 1.5+/-3.2 versus 1.3+/-3.5 for 10 min or 6h, respectively), but reduced mono-spermy (P<0.001, 57.9+/-2.5% versus 70.0+/-2.8%) when boar A was used. However, such effects were not seen with boar B, in which sperm-oocyte co-incubation time did not affect the efficiency of fertilization. In view of the present results, a preliminary screening for each individual male is required to select optimal conditions for IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almiñana
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Ziyyat A, Rubinstein E, Monier-Gavelle F, Barraud V, Kulski O, Prenant M, Boucheix C, Bomsel M, Wolf JP. CD9 controls the formation of clusters that contain tetraspanins and the integrin α6β1, which are involved in human and mouse gamete fusion. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:416-24. [PMID: 16418227 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of gamete fusion has been largely studied in the mouse and has revealed the crucial role of the tetraspanin CD9. By contrast, human gamete fusion remains largely unknown. We now show that an anti-α6 integrin mAb (GoH3) strongly inhibited human sperm-egg fusion in human zona-free eggs. Furthermore, a mAb directed against CD151, a tetraspanin known to associate with α6β1, partially inhibited sperm-egg fusion. By contrast, the addition of an anti-CD9 mAb to zona free eggs had no effect. The integrin α6β1, CD151 and CD9 tetraspanins were evenly distributed on human zona-intact oocytes. On zona-free eggs, the integrin α6β1 and tetraspanin CD151 patched and co-localized but the tetraspanin CD9 remained unchanged. CD9 mAb prevented α6β1 integrin clustering and gamete fusion when added prior to, but not after, zona removal. Antibody-mediated aggregation of integrin α6β1 yielded patches that were bigger and more heterogeneous in mouse oocytes lacking CD9. Moreover, a strong labelling of α6β1 could be observed at the sperm entry point. Altogether, these data show that CD9 controls the redistribution of some membrane proteins including the α6β1 integrin into clusters that may be necessary for gamete fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ziyyat
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, UPRES 3410, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
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Sakamoto A, Iwata H, Sato H, Hayashi T, Kuwayama T, Monji Y. Effect of Modification of Ovary Preservation Solution by Adding Glucose on the Maturation and Development of Pig Oocytes after Prolonged Storage. J Reprod Dev 2006; 52:669-74. [PMID: 16873990 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes lose their developmental competence during prolonged storage of the ovary. In the present study, we supplemented the preservation solution for pig ovaries (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) with glucose and preserved the ovaries for 6 h at 25 C. Subsequently, we examined the glucose concentration of the follicular fluid (FF), pH of the FF, survival rate of the granulosa cells, and maturation and developmental competence of oocytes after storage. During storage, the glucose concentration of the FF (2.1 mM), pH of the FF (7.4), and survival rate of the granulosa cells (69.5%) rapidly decreased (glucose concentration: under 1.1 mM; pH: 6.8; and survival rate: 43%). On the other hand, when the preservation solution was supplemented with glucose (15 mM), the glucose concentration of the FF increased and the survival rate of the granulosa cells improved, although the pH of the FF decreased further (from 6.8 to 6.6). In addition, supplementation with glucose significantly improved the rates of oocytes at metaphase II (0 h: 65.0%; 6 h without glucose: 23.8%; and 6 h with glucose: 43.8%) and attenuated the decline in the rates of fertilization and development that resulted from prolonged storage, although there were no significant differences. In conclusion, modification of the preservation solution by the addition of glucose increased the glucose concentration of the FF and improved the rate of maturation of pig oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Sakamoto
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Park CY, Uhm SJ, Song SJ, Kim KS, Hong SB, Chung KS, Park C, Lee HT. Increase of ICSI efficiency with hyaluronic acid binding sperm for low aneuploidy frequency in pig. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1158-69. [PMID: 16125559 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of hyaluronic acid binding sperm (HABS) in increasing the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in terms of the production of chromosomally normal porcine embryos. Porcine embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF), ICSI and ICSI using hyaluronic acid binding sperm (ICSI-HABS). Chromosome aneuploidy in sperm and embryos was evaluated using chromosome 1 submetacentric probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. No significant differences were observed in the blastocysts rates (18.6, 23.6 and 23.8%) and cell numbers (61.8+/-12.5, 55.5+/-7.3 and 59.3+/-9.6) among embryos derived from IVF, ICSI, and ICSI-HABS. However, the frequency of normal diploidy in ICSI-HABS (75.5%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in IVF (57.0%) and ICSI (68.2%). Embryos from ICSI-HABS showed significantly lower chromosome abnormality rate (P<0.05). Both ICSI and IVF embryos showed higher rates of polyploidy, and hence chromosomally abnormal embryos, in comparison to ICSI-HABS embryos. In addition, we investigated the chromosomal complement of porcine spermatozoa by FISH. The rate of chromosome number abnormality in porcine sperm was found to be 6.25% (70/1120). Thus, we conclude that the use of hyaluronic acid binding sperm is superior to morphological sperm selection for ICSI in producing chromosomally normal embryos and increasing the ICSI efficiency by lowering the aneuploidy frequency. Our results indicate that the selection of normal sperm with hyaluronic acid binding assay might help to reduce the early embryonic mortality due to chromosomal aneuploidy thereby increasing the success rate of embryo transfer technology in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Young Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Tienthai P, Kimura N, Heldin P, Sato E, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Expression of hyaluronan synthase-3 in porcine oviducal epithelium during oestrus. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005; 15:99-105. [PMID: 12895406 DOI: 10.1071/rd02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Accepted: 03/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been related to fertilization and embryo development in the pig. Furthermore, HA is present in pig oviduct fluid and the lining epithelium, particularly of the pre-ovulatory sperm reservoir. Because the mechanisms that regulate HA synthesis have not yet been clarified, semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression of mRNAs of two HA-synthesizing enzymes (has2 and has3) in the oviduct epithelium (uterotubal junction, isthmus, ampullary-isthmic junction and ampulla segments) of non-inseminated (control) and inseminated (treatment) sows at pre-, peri- and post-ovulatory oestrus. Only has3 mRNA was detected; it was present in all tubal segments of both control and treatment samples. The level of has3 expression did not vary significantly between non-inseminated and inseminated specimens, but there was a tendency (NS) for increased mean values during the peri- and post-ovulatory stages compared with pre-ovulation. It is concluded that has3 is expressed by the porcine endosalpinx epithelium and the levels of expression do not vary during the critical periods of sperm transport and fertilization, despite fluctuating levels of HA in the tubal fluid at corresponding periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisan Tienthai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rodríguez-Martínez H, Saravia F, Wallgren M, Tienthai P, Johannisson A, Vázquez JM, Martínez E, Roca J, Sanz L, Calvete JJ. Boar spermatozoa in the oviduct. Theriogenology 2005; 63:514-35. [PMID: 15626414 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the pig, a functional tubal sperm reservoir (SR) is established before ovulation to ensure availability of suitable numbers of viable spermatozoa for fertilization. The boar's large ejaculate is split: most spermatozoa are delivered in a sperm-rich fraction (SRF) followed by a post-SRF fraction containing increasing amounts of the spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II-rich seminal vesicle secretion. This heterodimer acts as leukocyte chemoattractant both in vitro and in vivo, contributing to the phagocytosis of those spermatozoa not reaching the SR. Sequential ejaculate deposition of marked spermatozoa and SR screening showed that most spermatozoa in the SR arose from the fortuitous PSP-poor, first portion of the SRF fraction, escaping phagocytosis and replenishing the SR within 2-3 h. The SR-sperm numbers diminish gradually in relation to ovulation, spermatozoa being continuously redistributed toward the upper isthmus. In vitro, only uncapacitated spermatozoa bind to epithelial explants, suggesting that the SR influences sperm capacitation. In vivo, most viable spermatozoa--usually harbored in the deep furrows in the pre- or peri-ovulatory SR during spontaneous standing estrus--are uncapacitated, but capacitation significantly increases after ovulation. Pre-/peri-ovulatory SR spermatozoa promptly capacitate in vitro when exposed to the effector bicarbonate, an influence that can be reversed by co-incubation with SR fluid or its component hyaluronan. Fluid collected from the ampullar segment (rich in bicarbonate) induces capacitation in vitro. In conclusion, the lack of massive sperm capacitation in the SR and the diverse individual response to capacitation shown by tubal spermatozoa would relate both to the insurance of full sperm viability before ovulation and the presence of spermatozoa at different stages of capacitation in the upper oviduct, thus maximizing the chances of normal fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ullsvägen 14C, Clinical Centre, Ultuna, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Funahashi H, Romar R. Reduction of the incidence of polyspermic penetration into porcine oocytes by pretreatment of fresh spermatozoa with adenosine and a transient co-incubation of the gametes with caffeine. Reproduction 2004; 128:789-800. [PMID: 15579597 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the incidence of polyspermic penetration, the effects of transient exposure of washed fresh spermatozoa to caffeine in a brief co-culturein vitrofertilization (IVF) system were examined. A pretreatment effect of spermatozoa with adenosine was also examined. When 5 mmol caffeine/l was supplemented during periods of co-culture and additional culture periods until 8 h after insemination, a shortened co-incubation period of gametes (30 denuded oocytes in 100 μl modified Medium 199-suspended spermatozoa at 2.5 ×105sperm/ml) from 30 to 5 min increased the monospermy rate in total mature oocytes examined. The number of spermatozoa binding to the zona surface was significantly lower in oocytes co-cultured for 5 min (33.1 ± 2.2) than 8 h (207.6 ± 13.7). A limited exposure of gametes to 5 mmol caffeine/l only during a transient co-culture period for 5 or 30 min significantly reduced the mean number of sperm cells that penetrated into the oocyte. Transient exposure of spermatozoa to caffeine for only 5 min increased the percentage of capacitated cells but not acrosome-reacted cells, as compared with a whole exposure treatment. Furthermore, preincubation of spermatozoa with 10 μmol adenosine/l for 90 min increased both the incidence of capacitated cells and the monospermy rate and consequently decreased the number of sperm cells that penetrated into the oocyte. In conclusion, these results have demonstrated that a new transient co-incubation IVF system, in which denuded oocytes are co-cultured with spermatozoa in medium containing caffeine for 5 to 30 min and then continuing the culture in caffeine-free medium, will reduce the incidence of polyspermic penetration. Preincubation of fresh spermatozoa with adenosine before the transient co-incubation IVF can also improve the monospermy rate. Furthermore, asynchrony in the morphology of sperm nuclei in polyspermic oocytes was reduced by the pretreatment with adenosine and a brief exposure to caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Funahashi
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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49
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Effect of cumulus cell removal on the fertilization and the day 3 embryo quality in human IVF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Sun QY, Fuchimoto D, Nagai T. Regulatory roles of ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in pig oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization. Theriogenology 2004; 62:245-55. [PMID: 15159117 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/02/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the degradation of proteins related to cell cycle progression including cyclins. The present study, using two specific proteasome inhibitors, for the first time investigated the roles of ubiquitin-proteasome in cell cycle progression during pig oocyte meiotic maturation and after fertilization. In contrast to its effect in rodent oocytes, proteasome inhibition strongly prevented germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). After GVBD, proteasome inhibition disrupted meiotic apparatus organization, cell cycle progression, and first polar body (PB1) extrusion. Sperm penetration into the oocytes was completely inhibited when proteasome inhibitors were added at the beginning of insemination. However, sperm chromatin decondensation and metaphase-interphase transition were not affected when inhibitors were added once sperm penetrated. The results suggest that ubiquin-proteasome complex is one of the critical regulators of meiotic cell cycle, but proteasome inhibitors do not affect major fertilization events when added after sperm penetration into the oocytes in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Sun
- Developmental Biology Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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