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Association of X Chromosome Aberrations with Male Infertility. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Male infertility is caused by spermatogenetic failure, clinically noted as oligoor azoospermia. Approximately 20% of infertile patients carry a genetic defect. The most frequent genetic defect leading to azoospermia (or severe oligozoospermia) is Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), which is numerical chromosomal abnormality and Y- structural chromosome aberration. The human X chromosome is the most stable of all human chromosomes. The X chromosome is loaded with regions of acquired, rapidly evolving genes. The X chromosome may actually play an essential role in male infertility and sperm production. Here we will describe X chromosome aberrations, which are associated with male infertility.
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Macrozoospermia associated with mutations of AURKC gene: First case report in Latin America and literature review. Rev Int Androl 2020; 18:159-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Ferlin A, Dipresa S, Delbarba A, Maffezzoni F, Porcelli T, Cappelli C, Foresta C. Contemporary genetics-based diagnostics of male infertility. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:623-633. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1633917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Savina Dipresa
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Maffezzoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Teresa Porcelli
- Endocrinology, Montichiari Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Montichiari, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Ghieh F, Mitchell V, Mandon-Pepin B, Vialard F. Genetic defects in human azoospermia. Basic Clin Androl 2019; 29:4. [PMID: 31024732 PMCID: PMC6477738 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-019-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many other diseases, genetic testing in human azoospermia was initially restricted to karyotype analyses (leading to diagnostic chromosome rearrangement tests for Klinefelter and other syndromes). With the advent of molecular biology in the 1980s, genetic screening was broadened to analyses of Y chromosome microdeletions and the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Decades later, the emergence of whole-genome techniques has led to the identification of other genetic defects associated with human azoospermia. Although TEX11 and ADGRG2 defects are frequently described in men with azoospermia, most of the causal gene defects found to date are private (i.e. identified in a small number of consanguineous families). Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of all the types of genetic defects known to be linked to human azoospermia and try to give clinical practice guidelines according to azoospermia phenotype. Along with homozygous mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic defects are also briefly discussed. However, as these variations predispose to azoospermia, a specific review will be needed to compile data on all the particular genetic variations reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ghieh
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Mitchell
- 2CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France.,3EA4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - François Vialard
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Division, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, Poissy, France
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Röpke A, Tüttelmann F. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Aberrations of the X chromosome as cause of male infertility. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R249-R259. [PMID: 28611019 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is most commonly caused by spermatogenetic failure, clinically noted as oligo- or a-zoospermia. Today, in approximately 20% of azoospermic patients, a causal genetic defect can be identified. The most frequent genetic causes of azoospermia (or severe oligozoospermia) are Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), structural chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosomal microdeletions. Consistent with Ohno's law, the human X chromosome is the most stable of all the chromosomes, but contrary to Ohno's law, the X chromosome is loaded with regions of acquired, rapidly evolving genes, which are of special interest because they are predominantly expressed in the testis. Therefore, it is not surprising that the X chromosome, considered as the female counterpart of the male-associated Y chromosome, may actually play an essential role in male infertility and sperm production. This is supported by the recent description of a significantly increased copy number variation (CNV) burden on both sex chromosomes in infertile men and point mutations in X-chromosomal genes responsible for male infertility. Thus, the X chromosome seems to be frequently affected in infertile male patients. Four principal X-chromosomal aberrations have been identified so far: (1) aneuploidy of the X chromosome as found in Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY or mosaicism for additional X chromosomes). (2) Translocations involving the X chromosome, e.g. nonsyndromic 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development (XX-male syndrome) or X-autosome translocations. (3) CNVs affecting the X chromosome. (4) Point mutations disrupting X-chromosomal genes. All these are reviewed herein and assessed concerning their importance for the clinical routine diagnostic workup of the infertile male as well as their potential to shape research on spermatogenic failure in the next years.
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Flannigan R, Schlegel PN. Genetic diagnostics of male infertility in clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 44:26-37. [PMID: 28601348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of couples are infertile. Male factors contribute to infertility in over 50% of cases. Identifiable genetic abnormalities contribute to 15%-20% of the most severe forms of male infertility, azoospermia. In this chapter, we explore known genetic causes of male infertility such as Klinefelter syndrome, XYY men, Kallmann syndrome, y-microdeletions, Robertsonian translocations, autosomal inversions, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, x-linked and autosomal gene mutations, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator abnormalities. We also briefly comment on novel biomarkers for male infertility.
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Gruchy N, Blondeel E, Le Meur N, Joly-Hélas G, Chambon P, Till M, Herbaux M, Vigouroux-Castera A, Coussement A, Lespinasse J, Amblard F, Jimenez Pocquet M, Lebel-Roy C, Carré-Pigeon F, Flori E, Mugneret F, Jaillard S, Yardin C, Harbuz R, Collonge-Rame MA, Vago P, Valduga M, Leporrier N, Vialard F. Pregnancy outcomes in prenatally diagnosed 47, XXX and 47, XYY syndromes: a 30-year French, retrospective, multicentre study. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:523-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gruchy
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen France
| | - Eleonore Blondeel
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Poissy France
| | | | - Géraldine Joly-Hélas
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction, Fédération de Génétique, Faculté de Médecine; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Pascal Chambon
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, cytogénétique et biologie de la reproduction, Fédération de Génétique, Faculté de Médecine; CHU de Rouen; Rouen France
| | - Marianne Till
- Service de cytogénétique; GHE, CBPE Hôpitaux de Lyon; Bron France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Amblard
- Service de Génétique Chromosomique; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | | | - Camille Lebel-Roy
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale et cytogénétique; Fort de France France
| | | | - Elisabeth Flori
- Service de Cytogénétique; Hôpital de Hautepierre; Strasbourg France
| | | | - Sylvie Jaillard
- Service de cytogénétique et biologie cellulaire; CHU Pontchaillou; Rennes France
| | - Catherine Yardin
- Cytologie et Cytogénétique, Service d'Histologie; Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, CHU de Limoges; Limoges France
| | - Radu Harbuz
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de génétique biologique; CHU de Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Service de génétique biologique, histologie, biologie du développement et de la reproduction; CHRU Besançon, Hôpital Saint-Jacques; Besançon France
| | - Philippe Vago
- UFR Médecine, Histologie Embryologie Cytogénétique; Univ Clermont 1; Clermont-Ferrand France
- Cytogénétique Médicale; CHU Clermont-Ferrand; Clermont-Ferrand France
- UFR Médecine; Univ Clermont 1; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Mylène Valduga
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Service de cytogénétique et génétique moléculaire; CHU de Nancy; Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy France
| | - Nathalie Leporrier
- Service de Génétique, Laboratoire de cytogénétique prénatale; CHU Côte de Nacre, UFR de Médecine Caen; Caen France
| | - François Vialard
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique et Génétique médicale; CHI Poissy Saint Germain; Poissy France
- EA7404, GIG, UFR des sciences de la Santé,; Montigny le bretonneux
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Kirkpatrick G, Ren H, Liehr T, Chow V, Ma S. Meiotic and sperm aneuploidy studies in three carriers of Robertsonian translocations and small supernumerary marker chromosomes. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1162-9.e7. [PMID: 25796321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the meiotic behaviour of one carrier of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC): 47,XY,+mar; one carrier of a Robertsonian translocation (ROB): 45,XY,rob(13;21) (q10;q10); and one carrier of both a sSMC and a ROB: 46,XY,rob(13;21) (q11.1;q11.1),+mar. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University-affiliated research center and hospital. PATIENT(S) Subfertile men with ROB and sSMC. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The chromosomal origin of the sSMC was assessed by multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization. The segregation of the ROB and sSMC in sperm and possible interchromosomal effects were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Synapsis, meiotic recombination, and meiotic inactivation were investigated in ejaculate spermatocytes of the 47,XY,+mar and 45,XY,rob(13;21) carriers using immunostaining. RESULT(S) In the 47,XY,+mar and 46,XY,rob(13;21),+mar carriers, the sSMC was found in 13.5% and 11.5 % of sperm, respectively. Analysis of meiotic segregation of chromosome 13 and 21 showed that 91.2% of sperm were normal/balanced in the 46,XY,rob(13;21),+mar case, whereas 88.4% of sperm were normal/balanced in the 45,XY,rob(13;21) case. Interchromosomal effects involving the sex chromosomes were found in both sSMC carriers. Both 47,XY,+mar and 45,XY,rob(13;21) carriers showed decreased global recombination, impaired synapsis, and an association of abnormal chromosomes with the XY body. CONCLUSION(S) Carriers of marker chromosomes produce sperm with markers at frequencies lower than theoretically expected. Carriers of ROB and sSMC showed decreased recombination, impaired synapsis, and association of abnormal chromosomes with the XY body, which may contribute to an interchromosomal effect. Using immunofluorescence techniques to analyze ejaculate-derived spermatocytes from subfertile men provides a novel technique for examining meiosis without the need for a testicular biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Kirkpatrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - He Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wang L, Xu Z, Iqbal F, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhou G, Jiang H, Bukhari I, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Decreased XY recombination and disturbed meiotic prophase I progression in an infertile 48, XYY, +sSMC man. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:267-76. [PMID: 25627925 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal rare chromosomes, difficult to characterize by karyotyping, and have been associated with minor dysmorphic features, azoospermia, and recurrent miscarriages. However, sSMC with a gonosomal trisomy has never been reported. Spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining were applied to detect meiotic prophase I progression, homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination. In all the analyzed spermatocytes of the patient, the extra Y chromosome was not detected while the sSMC was present. The recombination frequency on autosomes was not affected, while the recombination frequencies on XY chromosome was significantly lower in the patient than in the controls. The meiotic prophase I progression was disturbed with significantly increased proportion of zygotene and decreased pachytene spermatocytes in the patients as compared with the controls. These findings highlight the importance of studies on meiotic behaviors in patients with an abnormal chromosomal constitution and provide an important framework for future studies, which may elucidate the impairment caused by sSMC in mammalian meiosis and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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Nguyen MH, Morel F, Bujan L, May-Panloup P, De Braekeleer M, Perrin A. A study of aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa of three men with sex chromosome mosaicism including a 45,X cell line. HUM FERTIL 2014; 18:96-9. [PMID: 25545806 DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2014.988663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic segregation of mosaic males with a 45,X cell line has been little examined. In this study, we evaluated the risk of aneuploid gametes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA fragmentation in ejaculated spermatozoa of three men with sex chromosome mosaicism including a 45,X cell line. Triple- and dual-color FISH were performed. Sperm DNA fragmentation was detected using the TUNEL assay. A significantly increased frequency of XY disomic spermatozoa was observed for patients (P)1 and P2. A significant increase in diploidy and autosomal aneuploidy was found in P2 and P3, respectively. The rate of DNA fragmentation was not different from that observed in a control group. Data from the literature are scarce (only 3 cases reported), making comparison of the present data difficult, especially as the frequencies of the cell lines comprising the mosaicism differed between patients. Furthermore, the proportion of the different cell lines can differ from one tissue to another in the same patient. Whether the relative levels of the several cell lines present in the mosaicism can influence the rate of aneuploid spermatozoa remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huong Nguyen
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
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11
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Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies by semiconductor sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7415-20. [PMID: 24799683 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321997111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of cell-free fetal DNA from maternal plasma has revolutionized our ability to perform noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. This approach avoids the risk of fetal loss associated with more invasive diagnostic procedures. The present study developed an effective method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies using a benchtop semiconductor sequencing platform (SSP), which relies on the MPS platform but offers advantages over existing noninvasive screening techniques. A total of 2,275 pregnant subjects was included in the study; of these, 515 subjects who had full karyotyping results were used in a retrospective analysis, and 1,760 subjects without karyotyping were analyzed in a prospective study. In the retrospective study, all 55 fetal trisomy 21 cases were identified using the SSP with a sensitivity and specificity of 99.94% and 99.46%, respectively. The SSP also detected 16 trisomy 18 cases with 100% sensitivity and 99.24% specificity and 3 trisomy 13 cases with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, 15 fetuses with sex chromosome aneuploidies (10 45,X, 2 47,XYY, 2 47,XXX, and 1 47,XXY) were detected. In the prospective study, nine fetuses with trisomy 21, three with trisomy 18, three with trisomy 13, and one with 45,X were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale clinical study to systematically identify chromosomal aneuploidies based on cell-free fetal DNA using the SSP and provides an effective strategy for large-scale noninvasive screening for chromosomal aneuploidies in a clinical setting.
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Gambera L, Morgante G, Serafini F, Stendardi A, Orvieto R, De Leo V, Petraglia F, Piomboni P. Human sperm aneuploidy: FISH analysis in fertile and infertile men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Piomboni P, Stendardi A, Gambera L. Chromosomal Aberrations and Aneuploidies of Spermatozoa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 791:27-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7783-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Balsera AM, Estévez MN, Beltrán EB, Sánchez-Giralt P, García LG, Moreno TH, García de Cáceres M, Carbonell Pérez JM, Gómez EG, Rodríguez-López R. Distinct mechanism of formation of the 48, XXYY karyotype. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:25. [PMID: 23822881 PMCID: PMC3734011 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To expose the unusual nature of a coincident sex chromosomal aneuploidy in a patient and his father. Molecular mechanisms involved probably are based on the sperm chromosome of paternal origin, which determine the mode of formation. Conventional cytogenetics techniques and multiple Quantitative Fluorescent PCR of STR markers in sexual chromosomes in the patient and his parents. Results 48,XXYY and 47,XYY aneuploidies in the patient and his father, respectively, were identified. The additional X and Y chromosomes showed parental origin. Conclusions An infrequent origin of the 48,XXYY syndrome was demonstrated. Mostly, it is thought to result from an aneuploid sperm produced through two consecutive non disjunction events in both meiosis I and II in a chromosomally normal father, but in our father’s patient a 47,XYY was discovered. It is suggested that a higher incidence of 24,XY and 24,YY sperm may be possible in 47,XYY individuals andan increased risk for aneuploidy pregnancies may exist. Although 48,XXYY patients and Klinefelter syndrome are often compared, recently they are regarded as a distinct genetic and clinical entity.
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Jiang F, Ren J, Chen F, Zhou Y, Xie J, Dan S, Su Y, Xie J, Yin B, Su W, Zhang H, Wang W, Chai X, Lin L, Guo H, Li Q, Li P, Yuan Y, Pan X, Li Y, Liu L, Chen H, Xuan Z, Chen S, Zhang C, Zhang H, Tian Z, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Zhao L, Zheng W, Li S, Li Y, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang X. Noninvasive Fetal Trisomy (NIFTY) test: an advanced noninvasive prenatal diagnosis methodology for fetal autosomal and sex chromosomal aneuploidies. BMC Med Genomics 2012. [PMID: 23198897 PMCID: PMC3544640 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional prenatal screening tests, such as maternal serum tests and ultrasound scan, have limited resolution and accuracy. Methods We developed an advanced noninvasive prenatal diagnosis method based on massively parallel sequencing. The Noninvasive Fetal Trisomy (NIFTY) test, combines an optimized Student’s t-test with a locally weighted polynomial regression and binary hypotheses. We applied the NIFTY test to 903 pregnancies and compared the diagnostic results with those of full karyotyping. Results 16 of 16 trisomy 21, 12 of 12 trisomy 18, two of two trisomy 13, three of four 45, X, one of one XYY and two of two XXY abnormalities were correctly identified. But one false positive case of trisomy 18 and one false negative case of 45, X were observed. The test performed with 100% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for autosomal aneuploidies and 85.7% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity for sex chromosomal aneuploidies. Compared with three previously reported z-score approaches with/without GC-bias removal and with internal control, the NIFTY test was more accurate and robust for the detection of both autosomal and sex chromosomal aneuploidies in fetuses. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a powerful and reliable methodology for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
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16
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Li D, Zhang H, Wang R, Zhu H, Li L, Liu R. Chromosomal abnormalities in men with pregestational and gestational infertility in northeast China. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:829-36. [PMID: 22581431 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect incidences and the types of chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese men with infertility and determine chromosomal factors association with various phenotypes. METHODS Semen analysis and karyotype analysis by G-banding were carried out in 4,659 idiopathic infertile males; additionally, multiplex PCR using nine specific sequence-tagged sites (STSs) was used to detect azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in 412 patients with Y chromosomal abnormalities. RESULTS Male infertility was divided into pregestational infertility, characterized by failure to produce a fertilized ovum, and gestational infertility, characterized by embryo loss after fertilization. The former can result from azoospermia, oligozoospermia or oligoasthenozoospermia syndrome, while the latter is associated with developmental early pregnancy loss, habitual miscarriage and stillbirth. Among 4,659 male patients, 412 (8.84 %) showed abnormal chromosomal karyotypes, including 314 (6.74 %) with sex chromosomal abnormalities and 98 (2.10 %) with autosomal abnormalities. The prevalences of numerical and structural abnormalities among patients with chromosomal abnormalities were 259/412 (62.86 %) and 153/412 (37.14 %), respectively. Furthermore, structural sex chromosomal abnormalities were represented by various phenotypic profiles (46,XX, 47,XYY and 45,X/46,XY), and a prevalence of AZF microdeletions of 19/79 (24.05 %). AZF microdeletions were highly associated with Y chromosomal abnormalities (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Various chromosomal abnormalities that result in male infertility could affect spermatogenesis or embryonic development at different levels. Sex chromosomal and autosomal abnormalities were highly associated with pregestational and gestational infertility, respectively. AZF microdeletions may play an important role in lowering the stability of the Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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17
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Wuttikonsammakit P, Tanawattanacharoen S, Uerpairojkit B. Monochorionic twins with the same blood karyotype of 46,XY/47,XYY but different phenotypes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 36:178-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Lodder EM, Eussen BH, van Hassel DACM, Hoogeboom AJM, Poddighe PJ, Coert JH, Oostra BA, de Klein A, de Graaff E. Implication of long-distance regulation of the HOXA cluster in a patient with postaxial polydactyly. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:737-44. [PMID: 19672683 PMCID: PMC2759026 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apparently balanced chromosomal inversions may lead to disruption of developmentally important genes at the breakpoints of the inversion, causing congenital malformations. Characterization of such inversions may therefore lead to new insights in human development. Here, we report on a de novo inversion of chromosome 7 (p15.2q36.3) in a patient with postaxial polysyndactyly. The breakpoints do not disrupt likely candidate genes for the limb phenotype observed in the patient. However, on the p-arm the breakpoint separates the HOXA cluster from a gene desert containing several conserved noncoding elements, suggesting that a disruption of a cis-regulatory circuit of the HOXA cluster could be the underlying cause of the phenotype in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Park JH, Burns-Cusato M, Dominguez-Salazar E, Riggan A, Shetty S, Arnold AP, Rissman EF. Effects of sex chromosome aneuploidy on male sexual behavior. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 7:609-17. [PMID: 18363850 PMCID: PMC2563427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2008.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidy in men is as high as 1:500. The predominant conditions are an additional Y chromosome (47,XYY) or an additional X chromosome (47,XXY). Behavioral studies using animal models of these conditions are rare. To assess the role of sex chromosome aneuploidy on sexual behavior, we used mice with a spontaneous mutation on the Y chromosome in which the testis-determining gene Sry is deleted (referred to as Y(-)) and insertion of a Sry transgene on an autosome. Dams were aneuploid (XXY(-)) and the sires had an inserted Sry transgene (XYSry). Litters contained six male genotypes, XY, XYY(-), XXSry, XXY(-)Sry, XYSry and XYY(-)Sry. In order to eliminate possible differences in levels of testosterone, all of the subjects were castrated and received testosterone implants prior to tests for male sex behavior. Mice with an additional copy of the Y(-) chromosome (XYY(-)) had shorter latencies to intromit and achieve ejaculations than XY males. In a comparison of the four genotypes bearing the Sry transgene, males with two copies of the X chromosome (XXSry and XXY(-)Sry) had longer latencies to mount and thrust than males with only one copy of the X chromosome (XYSry and XYY(-)Sry) and decreased frequencies of mounts and intromissions as compared with XYSry males. The results implicate novel roles for sex chromosome genes in sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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20
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Chantot-Bastaraud S, Ravel C, Siffroi JP. Underlying karyotype abnormalities in IVF/ICSI patients. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 16:514-22. [PMID: 18413060 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic investigations are performed in couples asking for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. These serve a diagnostic purpose because male or female infertility might have a chromosomal origin. Chromosomal aberrations found in these patients include numerical abnormalities, such as Klinefelter syndrome, XYY karyotype or Turner syndrome and its variants; sex reversions, such as XX males or XY females; and also structural abnormalities, such as Robertsonian or reciprocal translocations and inversions. Finding the chromosomal origin of infertility in a patient also has a prognostic value because it aids the management of pregnancies obtained after IVF or ICSI and may lead to a proposal of prenatal or preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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21
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Moretti E, Anichini C, Sartini B, Collodel G. Sperm ultrastructure and meiotic segregation in an infertile 47, XYY man. Andrologia 2008; 39:229-34. [PMID: 18076422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of 47, XYY males are fertile and contribute to produce chromosomally normal children. In 47, XYY carriers, most meiotic studies indicated that the extra Y chromosomes were lost in the pre-meiotic stages, but in some cases the presence of one X and the two Y chromosomes has been detected during prophase I as an X univalent plus a YY bivalent. The aim of this study was to describe sperm parameters and meiotic segregation in a case of an infertile man with a 47, XYY karyotype. Sperm morphology was evaluated for the first time by transmission electron microscopy highlighting apoptosis and necrosis as the most frequent pathologies. Meiotic segregation was explored by fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, which makes us capable of detecting aneuploidies of sex chromosomes. The fact that the frequency of 1818XY diploidy was very high reveals an error occurring during first meiotic division. Polymerase chain reaction analysis did not show any Y microdeletion. The combination of these two techniques led us to clarify the status of the spermatogenic process, showing an altered meiotic segregation concomitant with the presence of sperm apoptosis and necrosis in a patient 47, XYY.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moretti
- Department of General Surgery, Biology Section, Interdepartmental Centre for Research and Therapy of Male Infertility, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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22
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del Río MJ, Puigvert A, Maria Pomerol J. Síndrome 47, XYY e infertilidad: a propósito de un caso clínico. Rev Int Androl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(07)74075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Aneuploidy study in sperm and preimplantation embryos from nonmosaic 47,XYY men. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:600-6. [PMID: 17517402 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine gonosomal and autosomal aneuploidy rate in sperm and preimplantation embryos from nonmosaic 47,XYY males. DESIGN Sperm and blastomere analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization. SETTING Fertility clinic, academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Two 47,XYY men undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and eight 46,XY males distributed in two control groups (fertile and infertile). INTERVENTION(S) Sperm-sample collection for fluorescence in situ hybridization and PGD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Aneuploidy frequencies for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 16, 18, 21, and 22 in sperm and embryos. RESULT(S) Patients with 47,XYY presented global sperm gonosomal and autosomal aneuploidy frequency of 37.23%-37.80%, with XY disomy being the most frequent abnormality (16.70%-19.01%). This aneuploidy rate was statistically significantly different from that found in both 46,XY infertile controls (1.07%) and 46,XY fertile controls (1.04%). In total, 47 preimplantation embryos were analyzed, of which 32 were classified as normal (68%) and 15 as aneuploid (32%). Among the abnormal embryos, 9 presented gonosomal abnormalities, and 6, autosomal abnormalities. CONCLUSION(S) High rate of gonosomal and autosomal aneuploidy was observed in sperm and preimplantation embryos from nonmosaic 47,XYY males. The offspring of this category of patients may be at higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities, and therefore PGD can be suggested to these patients.
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Pacchierotti F, Adler ID, Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Mailhes JB. Gender effects on the incidence of aneuploidy in mammalian germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 104:46-69. [PMID: 17292877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy occurs in 0.3% of newborns, 4% of stillbirths, and more than 35% of all human spontaneous abortions. Human gametogenesis is uniquely and gender-specific susceptible to errors in chromosome segregation. Overall, between 1% and 4% of sperm and as many as 20% of human oocytes have been estimated by molecular cytogenetic analysis to be aneuploid. Maternal age remains the paramount aetiological factor associated with human aneuploidy. The majority of extra chromosomes in trisomic offspring appears to be of maternal origin resulting from nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division. Differences in the recombination patterns between male and female meiosis may partly account for the striking gender- and chromosome-specific differences in the genesis of human aneuploidy, especially in aged oocytes. Nondisjunction of entire chromosomes during meiosis I as well as premature separation of sister chromatids or homologues prior to meiotic anaphase can contribute to aneuploidy. During meiosis, checkpoints at meiotic prophase and the spindle checkpoint at M-phase can induce meiotic arrest and/or cell death in case of disturbances in pairing/recombination or spindle attachment of chromosomes. It has been suggested that gender differences in aneuploidy may result from more permissive checkpoints in females than males. Furthermore, age-related loss of chromosome cohesion in oocytes as a cause of aneuploidy may be female-specific. Comparative data about the susceptibility of human male and female germ cells to aneuploidy-causing chemicals is lacking. Increases of aneuploidy frequency in sperm have been shown after exposure to therapeutic drugs, occupational agents and lifestyle factors. Conversely, data on oocyte aneuploidy caused by exogenous agents is limited because of the small numbers of oocytes available for analysis combined with potential maternal age effects. The vast majority of animal studies on aneuploidy induction in germ cells represent cause and effect data. Specific studies designed to evaluate possible gender differences in induction of germ cell aneuploidy have not been found. However, the comparison of rodent data available from different laboratories suggests that oocytes are more sensitive than male germ cells when exposed to chemicals that effect the meiotic spindle. Only recently, in vitro experiments, analyses of transgenic animals and knockdown of expression of meiotic genes have started to address the molecular mechanisms underlying chromosome missegregation in mammalian germ cells whereby striking differences between genders could be shown. Such information is needed to clarify the extent and the mechanisms of gender effects, including possible differential susceptibility to environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pacchierotti
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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25
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Rubes J, Pagacova E, Kopecna O, Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Vahala J, Di Berardino D. Karyotype, centric fusion polymorphism and chromosomal aberrations in captive-born mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula). Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 116:263-8. [PMID: 17431324 DOI: 10.1159/000100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes of fourteen captive-born mountain reedbucks (Redunca fulvorufula) have been investigated. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 56 (FN = 60). The mountain reedbuck karyotype consists of 26 acrocentric and two biarmed chromosome pairs resulting from two centric fusions involving chromosomes 2 and 25, and 6 and 10, respectively. In some animals, 57 chromosomes were detected. Variation in the diploid number was found to be due to polymorphism for the centric fusion 6;10. Both X and Y chromosomes are large and acrocentric. The entire Y chromosome and the proximal part of the X chromosome consist of heterochromatin. The chromosomes X, 9 and 14 appeared to be of caprine type. Chromosome aberrations have been detected in two of the 14 animals investigated. A de novo formed Robertsonian translocation rob(6;13) was found in one female heterozygous for the fusion 6;10. CBG-banding revealed one block of centromeric heterochromatin in the de novo formed translocation rob(6;13) and also in the evolutionarily fixed centric fusions 6;10 and 2;25. One examined male homozygous for fusion 6;10, had a mosaic 56,XY/57,XYY karyotype, with 11% of analyzed cells containing two Y chromosomes. The findings were confirmed by cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with bovine (Bos taurus L.) chromosome painting probes. The study demonstrates the relevance of cytogenetic screening in captive animals from zoological gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rubes
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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26
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Milazzo JP, Rives N, Mousset-Siméon N, Macé B. Chromosome constitution and apoptosis of immature germ cells present in sperm of two 47,XYY infertile males. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1749-58. [PMID: 16497695 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to assess sperm alterations observed in some XYY males, we analysed the chromosome constitution as well as apoptosis expression in germ cells from two oligozoospermic males with high count of immature germ cells in their semen. METHODS Sex chromosome number and distribution were assessed at pachytene stage by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Immature germ cells and spermatozoa were examined by FISH and TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end (TUNEL) assay, combined with immunocytochemistry using the proacrosin-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 4D4). RESULTS For patients 1 and 2, two Y chromosomes were present in respectively 60.0 and 39.6% of pachytenes. The three sex chromosomes were always in close proximity and partially or totally condensed in a sex body. XYY spermatocytes I escape the pachytene checkpoint and achieve meiosis. Nevertheless, nuclear division and/or cytokinesis were often impaired during meiosis leading to diploid (mainly 47,XYY cells) and tetraploid (94,XXYYYY) meiocytes. The presence of binucleated (23,Y)(24,XY) immature germ cells resulting from cytokinesis failure agree with a preferential segregation of the two Y chromosomes during meiosis I. In addition, 69.6% (patient 1) and 53.12% (patient 2) of post-reductional round germ cells were XY. However, high level of apoptotic round germ cells (94.9% for patient 1 and 93.3% for patient 2) was detected and may explain the moderate increase of hyperhaploid XY spermatozoa. Segregation errors also occurred in the XY cell line responsible for disomic 18 and X, as well as 46,XY diploid spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS Our data are in agreement with the persistence of the extra Y chromosome during meiosis in XYY oligozoospermic males responsible for spermatogenesis impairment and a probable elimination via apoptosis of most XYY germ cells not solely during but also after meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Milazzo
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory - CECOS, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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27
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Mau-Holzmann UA. Somatic chromosomal abnormalities in infertile men and women. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 111:317-36. [PMID: 16192711 DOI: 10.1159/000086906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility--the inability to achieve conception or sustain a pregnancy through to live birth--is very common and affects about 15% of couples. While chromosomal or genetic abnormalities associated with azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia or primary ovarian failure were of no importance for reproduction prior to the era of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), advances in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) now enable many infertile couples to have children. These developments have raised the question of the genetic consequences of ICSI: concerns of the potential harm of the invasive procedure and concerns about the genetic risk. The infertile male and female definitely have an increased risk to carry a chromosomal abnormality. Detection of such an abnormality is of fundamental importance for the diagnosis of infertility, the following treatment, the evaluation of the risk for the future child and the appropriate management of the pregnancy to be obtained. Therefore, cytogenetic screening of both partners is mandatory prior to any type of ART. The present review is based on several surveys on male and female infertility and analyzes the types and frequencies of the different reported chromosome abnormalities according to the type of impairment of spermatogenesis and the type of treatment planned or performed. With regard to assisted reproductive techniques (especially ICSI) the main types of chromosomal abnormalities are discussed and their potential risks for ICSI. If available, reported cases of performed ICSI and its outcome are presented. The detection of an abnormal karyotype should lead to comprehensive genetic counselling, which should include all well-known information about the individual type of anomaly, its clinical relevance, its possible inheritance, the genetic risk of unbalanced offspring, and the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis. Only this proceeding allows at-risk couples to make an informed decision regarding whether or not to proceed with ART. These decisions can be made only when both partners have clearly understood the genetic risks and possible consequences when ART is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Mau-Holzmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, Tubingen, Germany.
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28
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Sarrate Z, Blanco J, Anton E, Egozcue S, Egozcue J, Vidal F. FISH studies of chromosome abnormalities in germ cells and its relevance in reproductive counseling. Asian J Androl 2005; 7:227-36. [PMID: 16110350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2005.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome abnormalities are one of the major causes of human infertility. In infertile males, abnormal karyotypes are more frequent than in the general population. Furthermore, meiotic disorders affecting the germ cell-line have been observed in men with normal somatic karyotypes consulting for infertility. In both cases, the production of unbalanced spermatozoa has been demonstrated. Basically addressed to establish reproductive risks, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on decondensed sperm heads has become the most frequently used method to evaluate the chromosomal constitution of spermatozoa in carriers of numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, carriers of structural chromosome reorganizations and infertile males with normal karyotype. The aim of this review is to present updated figures of the information obtained through sperm FISH studies with an emphasis on its clinical significance. Furthermore, the incorporation of novel FISH-based techniques (Multiplex-FISH; Multi-FISH) in male infertility studies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Sarrate
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Science Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Rives N, Milazzo JP, Miraux L, North MO, Sibert L, Macé B. From spermatocytes to spermatozoa in an infertile XYY male. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:304-10. [PMID: 16128991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosome distribution and aneuploidy as well as germ cell degeneration were evaluated in meiotic and post-meiotic cells from an infertile XYY male. Sex chromosome distribution was assessed by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization on meiotic preparations. Post-meiotic cell aneuploidy was characterized by a method combining multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry using the proacrosin-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 4D4). TUNEL assay was carried out on seminiferous tubules to evaluate germ cell degeneration. At the prophase stage of the first meiotic division, 63.64% of cells at the pachytene stage carried three sex chromosomes. The ratio of X-bearing to Y-bearing spermatids and spermatozoa differed significantly from 1 : 1 with an excess of Y-bearing spermatids and spermatozoa. The frequency of hyperhaploid XY spermatids was increased in the XYY male, as well as the incidence of YY, XY and disomic 18 ejaculated spermatozoa. A preferential elimination of germ cells by apoptosis occurred in spermatocytes I. The persistence of the extra Y chromosome during meiosis of an XYY male is associated with a high rate of spermatocyte I degeneration and a low rate of aneuploid spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rives
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, CECOS, Rouen, France.
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30
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Vogt PH. AZF deletions and Y chromosomal haplogroups: history and update based on sequence. Hum Reprod Update 2005; 11:319-36. [PMID: 15890785 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AZF deletions are genomic deletions in the euchromatic part of the long arm of the human Y chromosome (Yq11) associated with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Consequently, it can be assumed that these deletions remove Y chromosomal genes required for spermatogenesis. However, these 'classical' or 'complete' AZF deletions, AZFa, AZFb and AZFc, represent only a subset of rearrangements in Yq11. With the benefit of the Y chromosome sequence, more rearrangements (deletions, duplications, inversions) inside and outside the classical AZF deletion intervals have been elucidated and intra-chromosomal non-allelic homologous recombinations (NAHRs) of repetitive sequence blocks have been identified as their major cause. These include duplications in AZFa, AZFb and AZFc and the partial AZFb and AZFc deletions of which some were summarized under the pseudonym 'gr/gr' deletions. At least some of these rearrangements are associated with distinct Y chromosomal haplogroups and are present with similar frequencies in fertile and infertile men. This suggests a functional redundancy of the AZFb/AZFc multi-copy genes. Alternatively, the functional contribution(s) of these genes to human spermatogenesis might be different in men of different Y haplogroups. That raises the question whether, the frequency of Y haplogroups with different AZF gene contents in distinct human populations leads to a male fertility status that varies between populations or whether, the presence of the multiple Y haplogroups implies a balancing selection via genomic deletion/amplification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Vogt
- Section of Molecular Genetics & Infertility, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Reproductive Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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