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Reichmann J, Dobie K, Lister LM, Crichton JH, Best D, MacLennan M, Read D, Raymond ES, Hung CC, Boyle S, Shirahige K, Cooke HJ, Herbert M, Adams IR. Tex19.1 inhibits the N-end rule pathway and maintains acetylated SMC3 cohesin and sister chromatid cohesion in oocytes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201702123. [PMID: 32232464 PMCID: PMC7199850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent oocyte aneuploidy, a major cause of Down syndrome, is associated with declining sister chromatid cohesion in postnatal oocytes. Here we show that cohesion in postnatal mouse oocytes is regulated by Tex19.1. We show Tex19.1-/- oocytes have defects maintaining chiasmata, missegregate their chromosomes during meiosis, and transmit aneuploidies to the next generation. Furthermore, we show that mouse Tex19.1 inhibits N-end rule protein degradation mediated by its interacting partner UBR2, and that Ubr2 itself has a previously undescribed role in negatively regulating the acetylated SMC3 subpopulation of cohesin in mitotic somatic cells. Lastly, we show that acetylated SMC3 is associated with meiotic chromosome axes in mouse oocytes, and that this population of cohesin is specifically depleted in the absence of Tex19.1. These findings indicate that Tex19.1 regulates UBR protein activity to maintain acetylated SMC3 and sister chromatid cohesion in postnatal oocytes and prevent aneuploidy from arising in the female germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Reichmann
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Dobie
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa M. Lister
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James H. Crichton
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Best
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie MacLennan
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Read
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor S. Raymond
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chao-Chun Hung
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shelagh Boyle
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Herbert
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian R. Adams
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
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Crichton JH, Playfoot CJ, MacLennan M, Read D, Cooke HJ, Adams IR. Tex19.1 promotes Spo11-dependent meiotic recombination in mouse spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006904. [PMID: 28708824 PMCID: PMC5533463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis relies on the SPO11 endonuclease to generate the recombinogenic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) required for homologous chromosome synapsis and segregation. The number of meiotic DSBs needs to be sufficient to allow chromosomes to search for and find their homologs, but not excessive to the point of causing genome instability. Here we report that the mammal-specific gene Tex19.1 promotes Spo11-dependent recombination in mouse spermatocytes. We show that the chromosome asynapsis previously reported in Tex19.1-/- spermatocytes is preceded by reduced numbers of recombination foci in leptotene and zygotene. Tex19.1 is required for normal levels of early Spo11-dependent recombination foci during leptotene, but not for upstream events such as MEI4 foci formation or accumulation of H3K4me3 at recombination hotspots. Furthermore, we show that mice carrying mutations in Ubr2, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with TEX19.1, phenocopy the Tex19.1-/- recombination defects. These data suggest that Tex19.1 and Ubr2 are required for mouse spermatocytes to accumulate sufficient Spo11-dependent recombination to ensure that the homology search is consistently successful, and reveal a hitherto unknown genetic pathway promoting meiotic recombination in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Crichton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Playfoot
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marie MacLennan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Read
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Wu C, Wang L, Iqbal F, Jiang X, Bukhari I, Guo T, Yin G, Cooke HJ, Cao Z, Jiang H, Shi Q. Preferential Y-Y pairing and synapsis and abnormal meiotic recombination in a 47,XYY man with non obstructive azoospermia. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:9. [PMID: 26839593 PMCID: PMC4736128 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Back ground Men with 47, XYY syndrome are presented with varying physical attributes and degrees of infertility. Little information has been documented regarding the meiotic progression in patients with extra Y chromosome along with the synapses and recombination between the two Y chromosomes. Methods Spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining were applied to study the behavior of the extra Y chromosome during meiosis I in an azoospermia patient with 47, XYY syndrome and results were compared with five healthy controls with proven fertility. Results The extra Y chromosome was present in all the studied spermatocytes of the patient and preferentially paired and synapsed with the other Y chromosome. Consistently, gamma-H2AX staining completely disappeared from the synapsed regions of Y chromosomes. More interestingly, besides recombination on short arms, recombination on the long arms of Y chromosomes was also observed. No pairing and synapsis defects between homologous autosomes were detected, while significantly reduced recombination frequencies on autosomes were observed in the patient. The meiotic prophase I progression was disturbed with significantly increased proportion of leptotene, zygotene cells and decreased pachytene spermatocytes in the patient when compared with the controls. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of studies on meiotic behaviors in patients with an abnormal chromosomal constitution and provide an important framework for future studies, which may elucidate the impairment caused by extra Y chromosome in mammalian meiosis and fertility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0218-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wu
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China.,The Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Liu Wang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Tonghang Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Gengxin Yin
- Anhui Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Howard J Cooke
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhenyi Cao
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Hong Jiang
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical College of People's Liberation Army Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China.,The Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
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Wang Z, Yin H, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Yan Z, Jiang X, Bukhari I, Iqbal F, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. miR-214-mediated downregulation of RNF8 induces chromosomal instability in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3519-28. [PMID: 25483088 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.958413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA damage response (DDR) is frequently associated with carcinogenesis. Abrogation of DDR leads to chromosomal instability, a most common characteristic of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of DDR are still elusive. The ubiquitin ligase RNF8 mediates the ubiquitination of γH2AX and recruits 53BP1 and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites which promotes DDR and inhibits chromosomal instability. Though RNF8 is a key player involved in DDR, regulation of its expression is still poorly understood. Here, we show that miR-214 could abrogate DDR by repressing RNF8 expression through direct binding to 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR) of RNF8 mRNA in human ovarian cancer cells. Antagonizing miR-214 by expressing its inhibitors in A2780 cells significantly increased RNF8 expression and thus promoted DNA damage repair. Consistent with the role of miR-214 in regulating RNF8 expression, the impaired DNA repair induced by miR-214 overexpression can be rescued by overexpressing RNF8 mRNA lacking the 3' UTR. Together, our results indicate that down-regulation of RNF8 mediated by miR-214 impedes DNA damage response to induce chromosomal instability in ovarian cancers, which may facilitate the understanding of mechanisms underlying chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics; CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease; CAS Institute of Physics; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; School of Life Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China ; Hefei , China
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Jiang XH, Bukhari I, Zheng W, Yin S, Wang Z, Cooke HJ, Shi QH. Blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis: lessons from genetically-modified mice. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:572-80. [PMID: 24713828 PMCID: PMC4104086 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.125401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is found between adjacent Sertoli cells in the testis where it creates a unique microenvironment for the development and maturation of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in seminiferous tubes. It is a compound proteinous structure, composed of several types of cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs), adhesion junctions and gap junctions (GJs). Some of the junctional proteins function as structural proteins of BTB and some have regulatory roles. The deletion or functional silencing of genes encoding these proteins may disrupt the BTB, which may cause immunological or other damages to meiotic and postmeiotic cells and ultimately lead to spermatogenic arrest and infertility. In this review, we will summarize the findings on the BTB structure and function from genetically-modified mouse models and discuss the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing-Hua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,
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6
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Hua J, Xu B, Yang Y, Ban R, Iqbal F, Cooke HJ, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Follicle Online: an integrated database of follicle assembly, development and ovulation. Database (Oxford) 2015; 2015:bav036. [PMID: 25931457 PMCID: PMC4414955 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is an important part of ovarian function as it provides the oocytes for female reproductive life. Characterizing genes/proteins involved in folliculogenesis is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms associated with this biological function and to cure the diseases associated with folliculogenesis. A large number of genes/proteins associated with folliculogenesis have been identified from different species. However, no dedicated public resource is currently available for folliculogenesis-related genes/proteins that are validated by experiments. Here, we are reporting a database ‘Follicle Online’ that provides the experimentally validated gene/protein map of the folliculogenesis in a number of species. Follicle Online is a web-based database system for storing and retrieving folliculogenesis-related experimental data. It provides detailed information for 580 genes/proteins (from 23 model organisms, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Mesocricetus auratus, Bos Taurus, Drosophila and Xenopus laevis) that have been reported to be involved in folliculogenesis, POF (premature ovarian failure) and PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). The literature was manually curated from more than 43 000 published articles (till 1 March 2014). The Follicle Online database is implemented in PHP + MySQL + JavaScript and this user-friendly web application provides access to the stored data. In summary, we have developed a centralized database that provides users with comprehensive information about genes/proteins involved in folliculogenesis. This database can be accessed freely and all the stored data can be viewed without any registration. Database URL:http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/sdap1/follicle/index.php
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hua
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Bo Xu
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Yifan Yang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rongjun Ban
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and
| | - Howard J Cooke
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan Molecular and Cell Genetics Laboratory, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and
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Wang L, Xu Z, Iqbal F, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Wu C, Zhou G, Jiang H, Bukhari I, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Decreased XY recombination and disturbed meiotic prophase I progression in an infertile 48, XYY, +sSMC man. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:267-76. [PMID: 25627925 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal rare chromosomes, difficult to characterize by karyotyping, and have been associated with minor dysmorphic features, azoospermia, and recurrent miscarriages. However, sSMC with a gonosomal trisomy has never been reported. Spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining were applied to detect meiotic prophase I progression, homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination. In all the analyzed spermatocytes of the patient, the extra Y chromosome was not detected while the sSMC was present. The recombination frequency on autosomes was not affected, while the recombination frequencies on XY chromosome was significantly lower in the patient than in the controls. The meiotic prophase I progression was disturbed with significantly increased proportion of zygotene and decreased pachytene spermatocytes in the patients as compared with the controls. These findings highlight the importance of studies on meiotic behaviors in patients with an abnormal chromosomal constitution and provide an important framework for future studies, which may elucidate the impairment caused by sSMC in mammalian meiosis and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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Jiang X, Ma T, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yin S, Zheng W, Wang L, Wang Z, Khan M, Sheikh SW, Bukhari I, Iqbal F, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Specific deletion of Cdh2 in Sertoli cells leads to altered meiotic progression and subfertility of mice. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:79. [PMID: 25631347 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.126334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CDH2 (cadherin 2, Neural-cadherin, or N-cadherin) is the predominant protein of testicular basal ectoplasmic specializations (basal ES; a testis-specific type of adhesion junction), one of the major cell junctions composing the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The BTB is found between adjacent Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules, which divides the tubules into basal and adluminal compartments and prevents the deleterious exchange of macromolecules between blood and seminiferous tubules. However, the exact roles of basal ES protein CDH2 in BTB function and spermatogenesis is still unknown. We thus generated mice with Cdh2 specifically knocked out in Sertoli cells by crossing Cdh2 loxP mice with Amh-Cre mice. Cdh2 deletion in Sertoli cells did not affect Sertoli cell counts, but led to compromised BTB function, delayed meiotic progression from prophase to metaphase I in testes, increased germ cell apoptosis, sloughing of meiotic cells, and, subsequently, reduced sperm counts in epididymides and subfertility of mice. However, the testes with Cdh2-specific deletion in germ cells did not show any difference from the normal control testes, and phenotypes observed in Sertoli cell and germ cell Cdh2 double-knockout mice were indistinguishable from those in mice with Cdh2 specifically knocked out only in Sertoli cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the adhesion junction component, Cdh2, functions just in Sertoli cells, but not in germ cells during spermatogenesis, and is essential for the integrity of BTB function, its deletion in Sertoli cells would lead to the BTB damage and subsequently meiosis and spermatogenesis failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Manan Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Salma W Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division. Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Howard J Cooke
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Zhang H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Xu B, Hua J, Ma T, Zheng W, Sun R, Shen W, Cooke HJ, Hao Q, Qiao J, Shi Q. microRNA 376a regulates follicle assembly by targeting Pcna in fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries. Reproduction 2014; 148:43-54. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the primordial follicle pool, providing all oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life, is established perinatally. Dysregulation of primordial follicle assembly results in female reproductive diseases, such as premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Female mice lackingDicer1(Dicer), a gene required for biogenesis of microRNAs, show abnormal morphology of follicles and infertility. However, the contribution of individual microRNAs to primordial follicle assembly remains largely unknown. Here, we report that microRNA 376a (miR-376a) regulates primordial follicle assembly by modulating the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna), a gene we previously reported to regulate primordial follicle assembly by regulating oocyte apoptosis in mouse ovaries. miR-376a was shown to be negatively correlated withPcnamRNA expression in fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries and to directly bind toPcnamRNA 3′ untranslated region. Cultured 18.5 days postcoitum mouse ovaries transfected with miR-376a exhibited decreasedPcnaexpression both in protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, miR-376a overexpression significantly increased primordial follicles and reduced apoptosis of oocytes, which was very similar to those in ovaries co-transfected with miR-376a and siRNAs targetingPcna. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-376a regulates primordial follicle assembly by modulating the expression ofPcna. To our knowledge, this is the first microRNA–target mRNA pair that has been reported to regulate mammalian primordial follicle assembly and further our understanding of the regulation of primordial follicle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Howard J Cooke
- CAS Institute of Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
| | - Qinghua Shi
- CAS Institute of Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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11
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Wang Z, Yin H, Lv L, Feng Y, Chen S, Liang J, Huang Y, Jiang X, Jiang H, Bukhari I, Wu L, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Unrepaired DNA damage facilitates elimination of uniparental chromosomes in interspecific hybrid cells. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1345-56. [PMID: 24608870 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of uniparental chromosomes occurs frequently in interspecific hybrid cells. For example, human chromosomes are always eliminated during clone formation when human cells are fused with mouse cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we show that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells is accompanied by continued cell division at the presence of DNA damage on human chromosomes. Deficiency in DNA damage repair on human chromosomes occurs after cell fusion. Furthermore, increasing the level of DNA damage on human chromosomes by irradiation accelerates human chromosome loss in hybrid cells. Our results indicate that the elimination of human chromosomes in human-mouse hybrid cells results from unrepaired DNA damage on human chromosomes. We therefore provide a novel mechanism underlying chromosome instability which may facilitate the understanding of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, China
| | - Junting Liang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, China
| | - Howard J Cooke
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China; MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Western General Hospital; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei, China
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12
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Shi YQ, Zhuang XJ, Xu B, Hua J, Liao SY, Shi Q, Cooke HJ, Han C. SYCP3-like X-linked 2 is expressed in meiotic germ cells and interacts with synaptonemal complex central element protein 2 and histone acetyltransferase TIP60. Gene 2013; 527:352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhong L, Xu B, Yang Y, Ban R, Zhu J, Cooke HJ, Hao Q, Shi Q. SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0: a resource for spermatogenesis based on manual literature curation and genome-wide data mining. Nucleic Acids Res 2012. [PMID: 23193286 PMCID: PMC3531227 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human infertility affects 10-15% of couples, half of which is attributed to the male partner. Abnormal spermatogenesis is a major cause of male infertility. Characterizing the genes involved in spermatogenesis is fundamental to understand the mechanisms underlying this biological process and in developing treatments for male infertility. Although many genes have been implicated in spermatogenesis, no dedicated bioinformatic resource for spermatogenesis is available. We have developed such a database, SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0 (http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/sdap1/spermgenes/), using manual curation from 30 233 articles published before 1 May 2012. It provides detailed information for 1666 genes reported to participate in spermatogenesis in 37 organisms. Based on the analysis of these genes, we developed an algorithm, Greed AUC Stepwise (GAS) model, which predicted 762 genes to participate in spermatogenesis (GAS probability >0.5) based on genome-wide transcriptional data in Mus musculus testis from the ArrayExpress database. These predicted and experimentally verified genes were annotated, with several identical spermatogenesis-related GO terms being enriched for both classes. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction analysis indicates direct interactions of predicted genes with the experimentally verified ones, which supports the reliability of GAS. The strategy (manual curation and data mining) used to develop SpermatogenesisOnline 1.0 can be easily extended to other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Lv L, Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang Y, Wang Z, Hou H, Zhang H, Zheng W, Hao Q, Guo Z, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Tetraploid cells from cytokinesis failure induce aneuploidy and spontaneous transformation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2864-75. [PMID: 22801546 PMCID: PMC3419060 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian cancers originate from the ovarian surface epithelium and are characterized by aneuploid karyotypes. Aneuploidy, a consequence of chromosome instability, is an early event during the development of ovarian cancers. However, how aneuploid cells are evolved from normal diploid cells in ovarian cancers remains unknown. In the present study, cytogenetic analyses of a mouse syngeneic ovarian cancer model revealed that diploid mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells (MOSECs) experienced an intermediate tetraploid cell stage, before evolving to aneuploid (mainly near-tetraploid) cells. Using long-term live-cell imaging followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we demonstrated that tetraploid cells originally arose from cytokinesis failure of bipolar mitosis in diploid cells, and gave rise to aneuploid cells through chromosome mis-segregation during both bipolar and multipolar mitoses. Injection of the late passage aneuploid MOSECs resulted in tumor formation in C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, we reveal a pathway for the evolution of diploid to aneuploid MOSECs and elucidate a mechanism for the development of near-tetraploid ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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15
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Yang C, Shi X, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Cooke HJ, Wang M, Shi Q. Rapid proliferation of daughter cells lacking particular chromosomes due to multipolar mitosis promotes clonal evolution in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2650-9. [PMID: 22732493 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy and chromosome instability (CIN) are hallmarks of the vast majority of solid tumors. However, the origins of aneuploid cells are unknown. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of how aneuploidy and/or CIN arise and of karyotype evolution in cancer cells. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on cells after long-term live cell imaging, we demonstrated that most (> 90%) of the newly generated aneuploid cells resulted from multipolar divisions. Multipolar division occurred in mononucleated and binucleated parental cells, resulting in variation of chromosome compositions in daughter cells. These karyotypes can have the same chromosome number as their mother clone or lack a copy of certain chromosomes. Interestingly, daughter cells that lost a chromosome were observed to survive and form clones with shorter cell cycle duration. In our model of cancer cell evolution, the rapid proliferation of daughter cells from multipolar mitosis promotes colonal evolution in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Yang Y, Ban R, Zhang H, Jiang X, Cooke HJ, Xue Y, Shi Q. CPSS: a computational platform for the analysis of small RNA deep sequencing data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 28:1925-7. [PMID: 22576177 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been widely used to document the small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) implicated in a variety of biological, physiological and pathological processes. An integrated computational tool is needed for handling and analysing the enormous datasets from small RNA deep sequencing approach. Herein, we present a novel web server, CPSS (a computational platform for the analysis of small RNA deep sequencing data), designed to completely annotate and functionally analyse microRNAs (miRNAs) from NGS data on one platform with a single data submission. Small RNA NGS data can be submitted to this server with analysis results being returned in two parts: (i) annotation analysis, which provides the most comprehensive analysis for small RNA transcriptome, including length distribution and genome mapping of sequencing reads, small RNA quantification, prediction of novel miRNAs, identification of differentially expressed miRNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs and other non-coding small RNAs between paired samples and detection of miRNA editing and modifications and (ii) functional analysis, including prediction of miRNA targeted genes by multiple tools, enrichment of gene ontology terms, signalling pathway involvement and protein-protein interaction analysis for the predicted genes. CPSS, a ready-to-use web server that integrates most functions of currently available bioinformatics tools, provides all the information wanted by the majority of users from small RNA deep sequencing datasets. AVAILABILITY CPSS is implemented in PHP/PERL+MySQL+R and can be freely accessed at http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/db/cpss/index.html or http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/sdap1/cpss/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Abstract
Mammalian male germ cells should be maintained below body temperature for proper development. Here, we investigated how male germ cells respond to heat stress. A short exposure of mouse testes to core body temperature induced phosphorylation of eIF2α and the formation of stress granules (SGs) in male germ cells. We observed that DAZL, a germ cell-specific translational regulator, was translocated to SGs upon heat stress. Furthermore, SG assembly activity was significantly diminished in the early male germ cells of Dazl-knockout mice. The DAZL-containing SGs played a protective role against heat stress-induced apoptosis by the sequestration of specific signaling molecules, such as RACK1, and the subsequent blockage of the apoptotic MAPK pathway. Based on these results, we propose that DAZL is an essential component of the SGs, which prevent male germ cells from undergoing apoptosis upon heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghyuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Pan Z, Yang Q, Ye N, Wang L, Li J, Yu D, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Complex relationship between meiotic recombination frequency and autosomal synaptonemal complex length per cell in normal human males. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:581-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Yi Q, Huang Y, Hou H, Zhang Y, Hao Q, Cooke HJ, Li L, Sun Q, Shi Q. Regulation of asymmetrical cytokinesis by cAMP during meiosis I in mouse oocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29735. [PMID: 22253767 PMCID: PMC3256179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes undergo an asymmetrical first meiotic division, extruding half of their chromosomes in a small polar body to preserve maternal resources for embryonic development. To divide asymmetrically, mammalian oocytes relocate chromosomes from the center of the cell to the cortex, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that upon the elevation of intracellular cAMP level, mouse oocytes produced two daughter cells with similar sizes. This symmetrical cell division could be rescued by the inhibition of PKA, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Live cell imaging revealed that a symmetrically localized cleavage furrow resulted in symmetrical cell division. Detailed analyses demonstrated that symmetrically localized cleavage furrows were caused by the inappropriate central positioning of chromosome clusters at anaphase onset, indicating that chromosome cluster migration was impaired. Notably, high intracellular cAMP reduced myosin II activity, and the microinjection of phospho-myosin II antibody into the oocytes impeded chromosome migration and promoted symmetrical cell division. Our results support the hypothesis that cAMP plays a role in regulating asymmetrical cell division by modulating myosin II activity during mouse oocyte meiosis I, providing a novel insight into the regulation of female gamete formation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Heli Hou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaomei Hao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qinghua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
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Yi Q, Zhao X, Huang Y, Ma T, Zhang Y, Hou H, Cooke HJ, Yang DQ, Wu M, Shi Q. p53 dependent centrosome clustering prevents multipolar mitosis in tetraploid cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27304. [PMID: 22076149 PMCID: PMC3208627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p53 abnormality and aneuploidy often coexist in human tumors, and tetraploidy is considered as an intermediate between normal diploidy and aneuploidy. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how p53 influences the transformation from tetraploidy to aneuploidy. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Live cell imaging was performed to determine the fates and mitotic behaviors of several human and mouse tetraploid cells with different p53 status, and centrosome and spindle immunostaining was used to investigate centrosome behaviors. We found that p53 dominant-negative mutation, point mutation, or knockout led to a 2∼ 33-fold increase of multipolar mitosis in N/TERT1, 3T3 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), while mitotic entry and cell death were not significantly affected. In p53-/- tetraploid MEFs, the ability of centrosome clustering was compromised, while centrosome inactivation was not affected. Suppression of RhoA/ROCK activity by specific inhibitors in p53-/- tetraploid MEFs enhanced centrosome clustering, decreased multipolar mitosis from 38% to 20% and 16% for RhoA and ROCK, respectively, while expression of constitutively active RhoA in p53+/+ tetraploid 3T3 cells increased the frequency of multipolar mitosis from 15% to 35%. CONCLUSIONS p53 could not prevent tetraploid cells entering mitosis or induce tetraploid cell death. However, p53 abnormality impaired centrosome clustering and lead to multipolar mitosis in tetraploid cells by modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Yi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Heli Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Da-Qing Yang
- Sanford Research/University of South Dakota, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Mian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhuang XJ, Hou XJ, Liao SY, Wang XX, Cooke HJ, Zhang M, Han C. SLXL1, a novel acrosomal protein, interacts with DKKL1 and is involved in fertilization in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20866. [PMID: 21698294 PMCID: PMC3115956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spermatogenesis is a complex cellular developmental process which involves diverse families of genes. The Xlr (X-linked, lymphocyte regulated) family includes multiple members, only a few of which have reported functions in meiosis, post-meiotic maturation, and fertilization of germ cells. Slx-like1 (Slxl1) is a member of the Xlr family, whose expression and function in spermatogenesis need to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings The mRNA and protein expression and localization of Slxl1 were investigated by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in different tissues and at different stages of spermatogenesis. The interacting partner of SLXL1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization. Assessment of the role of SLXL1 in capacitation, acrosome reaction, zona pellucida binding/penetration, and fertilization was carried out in vitro using blocking antisera. The results showed that Slxl1 mRNA and protein were specifically expressed in the testis. SLXL1 was exclusively located in the acrosome of post-meiotic germ cells and interacts with DKKL1 (Dickkopf-like1), which is an acrosome-associated protein and plays an important role in fertilization. The rates of zona pellucida binding/penetration and fertilization were significantly reduced by the anti-SLXL1 polyclonal antiserum. Conclusions/Significance SLXL1 is the first identified member of the XLR family that is associated with acrosome and is involved in zona pellucid binding/penetration and subsequent fertilization. These results, together with previous studies, suggest that Xlr family members participate in diverse processes from meiosis to fertilization during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-jie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-jun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Yang Q, Zhang D, Leng M, Yang L, Zhong L, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Synapsis and meiotic recombination in male Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi). PLoS One 2011; 6:e19255. [PMID: 21559438 PMCID: PMC3084798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The muntjacs (Muntiacus, Cervidae) have been extensively studied in terms of chromosomal and karyotypic evolution. However, little is known about their meiotic chromosomes particularly the recombination patterns of homologous chromosomes. We used immunostained surface spreads to visualise synaptonemal complexes (SCs), recombination foci and kinetochores with antibodies against marker proteins. As in other mammals pachytene was the longest stage of meiotic prophase. 39.4% of XY bivalents lacked MLH1 foci compared to less than 0.5% of autosomes. The average number of MLH1 foci per pachytene cell in M. reevesi was 29.8. The distribution of MLH1 foci differed from other mammals. On SCs with one focus, the distribution was more even in M. reevesi than in other mammals; for SCs that have two or more MLH1 foci, usually there was a larger peak in the sub-centromere region than other regions on SC in M. reevesi. Additionally, there was a lower level of interference between foci in M. reevesi than in mouse or human. These observations may suggest that the regulation of homologous recombination in M. reevesi is slightly different from other mammals and will improve our understanding of the regulation of meiotic recombination, with respect to recombination frequency and position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bengbu Medical Collage, Bengbu, China
| | - Mei Leng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangwen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Jiang X, Xu B, Xue Y, Cao Y, Zhai Q, Zhai Y, Xu M, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Prediction of novel pre-microRNAs with high accuracy through boosting and SVM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 27:1436-7. [PMID: 21436129 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-throughput deep-sequencing technology has generated an unprecedented number of expressed short sequence reads, presenting not only an opportunity but also a challenge for prediction of novel microRNAs. To verify the existence of candidate microRNAs, we have to show that these short sequences can be processed from candidate pre-microRNAs. However, it is laborious and time consuming to verify these using existing experimental techniques. Therefore, here, we describe a new method, miRD, which is constructed using two feature selection strategies based on support vector machines (SVMs) and boosting method. It is a high-efficiency tool for novel pre-microRNA prediction with accuracy up to 94.0% among different species. AVAILABILITY miRD is implemented in PHP/PERL+MySQL+R and can be freely accessed at http://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/rpg/mird/mird.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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24
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Xu B, Hua J, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhang H, Ma T, Zheng W, Sun R, Shen W, Sha J, Cooke HJ, Shi Q. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) regulates primordial follicle assembly by promoting apoptosis of oocytes in fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16046. [PMID: 21253613 PMCID: PMC3017099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicles, providing all the oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life, assemble in perinatal ovaries with individual oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells. In mammals including the mouse, most oocytes die by apoptosis during primordial follicle assembly, but factors that regulate oocyte death remain largely unknown. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a key regulator in many essential cellular processes, was shown to be differentially expressed during these processes in mouse ovaries using 2D-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF methodology. A V-shaped expression pattern of PCNA in both oocytes and somatic cells was observed during the development of fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries, decreasing from 13.5 to 18.5 dpc and increasing from 18.5 dpc to 5 dpp. This was closely correlated with the meiotic prophase I progression from pre-leptotene to pachytene and from pachytene to diplotene when primordial follicles started to assemble. Inhibition of the increase of PCNA expression by RNA interference in cultured 18.5 dpc mouse ovaries strikingly reduced the apoptosis of oocytes, accompanied by down-regulation of known pro-apoptotic genes, e.g. Bax, caspase-3, and TNFα and TNFR2, and up-regulation of Bcl-2, a known anti-apoptotic gene. Moreover, reduced expression of PCNA was observed to significantly increase primordial follicle assembly, but these primordial follicles contained fewer granulosa cells. Similar results were obtained after down-regulation by RNA interference of Ing1b, a PCNA-binding protein in the UV-induced apoptosis regulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that PCNA regulates primordial follicle assembly by promoting apoptosis of oocytes in fetal and neonatal mouse ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Hua
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiahao Sha
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
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Wojtasz L, Daniel K, Roig I, Bolcun-Filas E, Xu H, Boonsanay V, Eckmann CR, Cooke HJ, Jasin M, Keeney S, McKay MJ, Toth A. Mouse HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, two conserved meiotic chromosomal proteins, are depleted from synapsed chromosome axes with the help of TRIP13 AAA-ATPase. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000702. [PMID: 19851446 PMCID: PMC2758600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are produced when programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by recombination from homologous chromosomes (homologues). In a wide variety of organisms, meiotic HORMA-domain proteins are required to direct DSB repair towards homologues. This inter-homologue bias is required for efficient homology search, homologue alignment, and crossover formation. HORMA-domain proteins are also implicated in other processes related to crossover formation, including DSB formation, inhibition of promiscuous formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC), and the meiotic prophase checkpoint that monitors both DSB processing and SCs. We examined the behavior of two previously uncharacterized meiosis-specific mouse HORMA-domain proteins—HORMAD1 and HORMAD2—in wild-type mice and in mutants defective in DSB processing or SC formation. HORMADs are preferentially associated with unsynapsed chromosome axes throughout meiotic prophase. We observe a strong negative correlation between SC formation and presence of HORMADs on axes, and a positive correlation between the presumptive sites of high checkpoint-kinase ATR activity and hyper-accumulation of HORMADs on axes. HORMADs are not depleted from chromosomes in mutants that lack SCs. In contrast, DSB formation and DSB repair are not absolutely required for depletion of HORMADs from synapsed axes. A simple interpretation of these findings is that SC formation directly or indirectly promotes depletion of HORMADs from chromosome axes. We also find that TRIP13 protein is required for reciprocal distribution of HORMADs and the SYCP1/SC-component along chromosome axes. Similarities in mouse and budding yeast meiosis suggest that TRIP13/Pch2 proteins have a conserved role in establishing mutually exclusive HORMAD-rich and synapsed chromatin domains in both mouse and yeast. Taken together, our observations raise the possibility that involvement of meiotic HORMA-domain proteins in the regulation of homologue interactions is conserved in mammals. Generation of haploid gametes in most organisms requires that homologues become connected via crossovers during meiosis. Efficient formation of crossovers depends on HORMA-domain proteins in diverse taxa. These proteins ensure that programmed meiotic DSBs are preferentially repaired from homologues, rather than from sister chromatids. This inter-homologue bias is crucial for homology search and crossovers formation. HORMA-domain proteins have been also implicated in DSB formation, in suppression of synaptonemal complex formation between non-homologous chromosomes, and in the meiotic prophase checkpoint that monitors DSB repair. Despite the importance of HORMA-domain proteins in various organisms, a role for these proteins in mammalian meiosis hasn't been reported. We examined the behaviour of meiotic mouse HORMA-domain proteins—HORMAD1 and HORMAD2—in wild-type and meiotic mutants. HORMAD1/2 preferentially accumulate on unsynapsed chromosome axes. Our data suggest that HORMAD1/2 depletion from chromosomes is a response to synaptonemal complex formation and it that is a conserved process supported by TRIP13/Pch2 AAA-ATPase. Assuming that HORMA-domain functions are conserved in mammals, we speculate that depletion of HORMADs from axes might contribute to the down-regulation of inter-homologue bias and the prophase checkpoint once homology search is completed and synaptonemal complexes form between aligned homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wojtasz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Daniel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Huiling Xu
- Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Verawan Boonsanay
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Howard J. Cooke
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. McKay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Australian National University and the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Attila Toth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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26
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Öllinger R, Childs AJ, Burgess HM, Speed RM, Lundegaard PR, Reynolds N, Gray NK, Cooke HJ, Adams IR. Deletion of the pluripotency-associated Tex19.1 gene causes activation of endogenous retroviruses and defective spermatogenesis in mice. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000199. [PMID: 18802469 PMCID: PMC2531233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As genetic information is transmitted through successive generations, it passes between pluripotent cells in the early embryo and germ cells in the developing foetus and adult animal. Tex19.1 encodes a protein of unknown function, whose expression is restricted to germ cells and pluripotent cells. During male spermatogenesis, Tex19.1 expression is highest in mitotic spermatogonia and diminishes as these cells differentiate and progress through meiosis. In pluripotent stem cells, Tex19.1 expression is also downregulated upon differentiation. However, it is not clear whether Tex19.1 has an essential function in germ cells or pluripotent stem cells, or what that function might be. To analyse the potential role of Tex19.1 in pluripotency or germ cell function we have generated Tex19.1(-/-) knockout mice and analysed the Tex19.1(-/-) mutant phenotype. Adult Tex19.1(-/-) knockout males exhibit impaired spermatogenesis. Immunostaining and histological analysis revealed defects in meiotic chromosome synapsis, the persistence of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis, and a loss of post-meiotic germ cells in the testis. Furthermore, expression of a class of endogenous retroviruses is upregulated during meiosis in the Tex19.1(-/-) testes. Increased transposition of endogenous retroviruses in the germline of Tex19.1(-/-) mutant mice, and the concomitant increase in DNA damage, may be sufficient to disrupt the normal processes of recombination and chromosome synapsis during meiosis and cause defects in spermatogenesis. Our results suggest that Tex19.1 is part of a specialised mechanism that operates in the germline to repress transposable genetic elements and maintain genomic stability through successive generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Öllinger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Childs
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Burgess
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Speed
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pia R. Lundegaard
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Reynolds
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K. Gray
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Hamer G, Wang H, Bolcun-Filas E, Cooke HJ, Benavente R, Höög C. Progression of meiotic recombination requires structural maturation of the central element of the synaptonemal complex. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2445-51. [PMID: 18611960 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex is an elaborate meiosis-specific supramolecular protein assembly that promotes chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination. We inactivated the meiosis-specific gene Tex12 and found that TEX12 is essential for progression of meiosis in both male and female germ cells. Structural analysis of the synaptonemal complex in Tex12-/- meiocytes revealed a disrupted central element structure, a dense structure residing between the synapsed homologous chromosomes. Chromosome synapsis is initiated at multiple positions along the paired homologous chromosomes in Tex12-/- meiotic cells, but fails to propagate along the chromosomes. Furthermore, although meiotic recombination is initiated in Tex12-/- meiotic cells, these early recombination events do not develop into meiotic crossovers. Hence, the mere initiation of synapsis is not sufficient to support meiotic crossing-over. Our results show that TEX12 is a component of the central element structure of the synaptonemal complex required for propagation of synapsis along the paired homologous chromosomes and maturation of early recombination events into crossovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Hamer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Wunderlich JE, Needleman BJ, Chen Z, Yu JG, Wang Y, Grants I, Mikami DJ, Melvin WS, Cooke HJ, Christofi FL. Dual purinergic synaptic transmission in the human enteric nervous system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G554-66. [PMID: 18079280 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00500.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on findings in rodents, we sought to test the hypothesis that purinergic modulation of synaptic transmission occurs in the human intestine. Time series analysis of intraneuronal free Ca(2+) levels in submucosal plexus (SMP) from Roux-en-Y specimens was done using Zeiss LSM laser-scanning confocal fluo-4 AM Ca(2+) imaging. A 3-s fiber tract stimulation (FTS) was used to elicit a synaptic Ca(2+) response. Short-circuit current (I(sc) = chloride secretion) was recorded in mucosa-SMP in flux chambers. A distension reflex or electrical field stimulation was used to study I(sc) responses. Ca(2+) imaging was done in 1,222 neurons responding to high-K(+) depolarization from 61 surgical cases. FTS evoked synaptic Ca(2+) responses in 62% of recorded neurons. FTS caused frequency-dependent Ca(2+) responses (0.1-100 Hz). FTS Ca(2+) responses were inhibited by Omega-conotoxin (70%), hexamethonium (50%), TTX, high Mg(2+)/low Ca(2+) (< or = 100%), or capsaicin (25%). A P2Y(1) receptor (P2Y(1)R) antagonist, MRS-2179 or PLC inhibitor U-73122, blocked FTS responses (75-90%). P2Y(1)R-immunoreactivity occurred in 39% of vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive neurons. The selective adenosine A(3) receptor (AdoA(3)R) agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide (2-Cl-IBMECA) caused concentration- and frequency-dependent inhibition of FTS Ca(2+) responses (IC(50) = 8.5 x 10(-8) M). The AdoA(3)R antagonist MRS-1220 augmented such Ca(2+) responses; 2-Cl-IBMECA competed with MRS-1220. Knockdown of AdoA(1)R with 8-cyclopentyl-3-N-(3-{[3-(4-fluorosulphonyl)benzoyl]-oxy}-propyl)-1-N-propyl-xanthine did not prevent 2-Cl-IBMECA effects. MRS-1220 caused 31% augmentation of TTX-sensitive distension I(sc) responses. The SMP from Roux-en-Y patients is a suitable model to study synaptic transmission in human enteric nervous system (huENS). The P2Y(1)/Galphaq/PLC/inositol 1,3,5-trisphosphate/Ca(2+) signaling pathway, N-type Ca(2+) channels, nicotinic receptors, and extrinsic nerves contribute to neurotransmission in huENS. Inhibitory AdoA(3)R inhibit nucleotide or cholinergic transmission in the huENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wunderlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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29
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Abstract
In many organisms completion of the first meiotic cell division depends on the correct assembly and disassembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC). This is a structure discovered a little over 50 years ago, which is formed by the close association of axes of homologous sister chromatid pairs. Its structure varies between organisms, although it retains a common tripartite organization in species as evolutionarily distant as budding yeast and humans. In mammals it is essential for crossover formation and completion of meiosis. Components of the mammalian SC have been identified only in the last 15 years, and mouse genetic approaches have started revealing the importance for this structure only in the past 5 years. Here we discuss the progress that has been made in the field of the mammalian SC and what approaches could be considered for its further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Costa
- Division of Developmental Genetics and Stem Cell Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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30
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Reynolds N, Collier B, Bingham V, Gray NK, Cooke HJ. Translation of the synaptonemal complex component Sycp3 is enhanced in vivo by the germ cell specific regulator Dazl. RNA 2007; 13:974-81. [PMID: 17526644 PMCID: PMC1894923 DOI: 10.1261/rna.465507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
DAZ-related genes are essential for gametogenesis in diverse metazoa: in human males, a loss of DAZ genes is associated with infertility. These genes, expressed only in germ cells, regulate the translation of a yet undefined set of specific transcripts, and loss of function results in numerous defects throughout the mitotic and meiotic process of germ cell development. In a mouse model, absence of the autosomal Dazl gene results in a final block at zygotene of meiotic prophase. Sycp3 is also essential for meiosis, specifically for the formation of the synaptonemal complex lateral element with a mouse knockout model displaying a block in meiotic prophase similar to the Dazl knock out. Sycp3 was identified as a potential target for translational regulation by Dazl in male mouse germ cells. This was confirmed by both RNA binding and translation assays. In the Dazl knockout mouse model, Sycp3 protein levels were decreased, indicating that Dazl is required for efficient translation of the Sycp3 mRNA in vivo. Taken together these data support Sycp3 as a biologically relevant target of Dazl-mediated translation in mammals. This suggests that azoospermia associated with a decrease in DAZ gene function in humans may in part be a consequence of failure at synapsis caused by reduced levels of SYCP3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Reynolds
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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31
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Kim M, Christofi FL, Xue J, Robinson JM, Cooke HJ. Mechanically evoked 5-hydroxytryptamine release is mediated by caveolin-associated cholesterol rich membrane domains. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007; 19:309-17. [PMID: 17391247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from enterochromaffin cells activates neural reflexes that govern intestinal motility and secretion. Mechanical stimulation of human enterochromaffin cell-derived BON cells activates a G alpha q-signalling pathway coupled to 5-HT release. Molecular mechanisms identifying elements of mechanosensory transduction are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of caveolin and caveolin-associated cholesterol rich microdomains in mechanically stimulated 5-HT release from BON cells. Caveolin-1 transcripts and immunofluorescence were found in BON cells. In the static state, caveolins-1 and -2 co-precipitated with G alpha q in cholesterol rich cell fractions, but not with G alpha s, G alpha i/o and G beta. Mechanical stimulation transiently uncoupled G alpha q from caveolin-1 and increased 5-HT release. Disassembly of caveolin-associated membrane microdomains by filipin or by cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin decreased mechanically evoked 5-HT release. These results suggest that caveolin and caveolin-associated cholesterol rich membrane microdomains are key regulators in mechanically evoked 5-HT release from enterochromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Bolcun-Filas E, Costa Y, Speed R, Taggart M, Benavente R, De Rooij DG, Cooke HJ. SYCE2 is required for synaptonemal complex assembly, double strand break repair, and homologous recombination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:741-7. [PMID: 17339376 PMCID: PMC2064047 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200610027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synapsis is the process by which paired chromosome homologues closely associate in meiosis before crossover. In the synaptonemal complex (SC), axial elements of each homologue connect through molecules of SYCP1 to the central element, which contains the proteins SYCE1 and -2. We have derived mice lacking SYCE2 protein, producing males and females in which meiotic chromosomes align and axes form but do not synapse. Sex chromosomes are unaligned, not forming a sex body. Additionally, markers of DNA breakage and repair are retained on the axes, and crossover is impaired, culminating in both males and females failing to produce gametes. We show that SC formation can initiate at sites of SYCE1/SYCP1 localization but that these points of initiation cannot be extended in the absence of SYCE2. SC assembly is thus dependent on SYCP1, SYCE1, and SYCE2. We provide a model to explain this based on protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bolcun-Filas
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
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Costa Y, Speed RM, Gautier P, Semple CA, Maratou K, Turner JMA, Cooke HJ. Mouse MAELSTROM: the link between meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin and microRNA pathway? Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2324-34. [PMID: 16787967 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC) is a key mechanism in spermatogenesis and a model system to study the dynamics of gene silencing. Here we show that MAEL, the ortholog of Drosophila's high mobility group box protein Maelstrom, is associated not only with the silenced XY body, but also with unsynapsed autosomes. Characterization of MAEL revealed that it interacts directly with the chromatin remodeler SNF5/INI1 and chromatin-associated protein SIN3B, which we also find localized to the XY body. This is the first time that a chromatin remodeler has been shown to associate with whole chromosomes. In addition, we show that MAEL is a component of the mouse meiotic nuage and its haploid cell counterpart, the chromatoid body. This is a site of accumulation of RNA and RNA processing enzymes, including proteins involved in the microRNA (miRNA) pathway. Furthermore, in the nuage, MAEL is present in a complex with germ cell specific MVH, an RNA helicase and Argonaute family members, MILI and MIWI. The presence of MAEL in these critical compartments of male germ cells and its interactions provide a link suggesting the involvement of the miRNA pathway in MSUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Costa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Reynolds N, Collier B, Maratou K, Bingham V, Speed RM, Taggart M, Semple CA, Gray NK, Cooke HJ. Dazl binds in vivo to specific transcripts and can regulate the pre-meiotic translation of Mvh in germ cells. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3899-909. [PMID: 16278232 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a complex process subject to strict controls at both levels of transcription and translation. Members of a family of conserved RNA-binding proteins encoded by the DAZ genes are required for the translational regulation of gene expression essential for this process. Although loss of DAZ family genes is associated with infertility in several organisms including humans, the identity of the transcripts regulated in vivo is unknown. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis, we have identified a number of mRNAs that are bound by the murine Dazl protein both in vivo and in vitro. Sequence analysis shows that these transcripts contain binding sites for Dazl, which have been conserved during evolution between human, rat and mouse. We have focussed on mouse vasa homologue (Mvh), a gene that is essential for male gametogenesis, and show that Dazl stimulates translation via the Mvh 3'-UTR. Finally, we show that germ cells of Dazl null mice contain reduced levels of Mvh protein, indicating that Dazl-mediated regulation of Mvh translation is crucial for mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Reynolds
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Costa Y, Speed R, Ollinger R, Alsheimer M, Semple CA, Gautier P, Maratou K, Novak I, Höög C, Benavente R, Cooke HJ. Two novel proteins recruited by synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SYCP1) are at the centre of meiosis. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:2755-62. [PMID: 15944401 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Completion of meiosis in mammals depends on the formation of the synaptonemal complex, a tripartite structure that physically links homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Several components of the synaptonemal complex are known, including constituents of the cohesin core, the axial/lateral element and the transverse filaments. No protein has previously been identified as an exclusive component of the central element. Mutations in some synaptonemal-complex proteins results in impaired meiosis. In humans, cases of male infertility have been associated with failure to build the synaptonemal complex. To search for new components of the meiotic machinery, we have used data from microarray expression profiling and found two proteins localising solely to the central element of the mammalian synaptonemal complex. These new proteins, SYCE1 and CESC1, interact with the transverse filament protein SYCP1, and their localisation to the central element appears to depend on recruitment by SYCP1. This suggests a role for SYCE1 and CESC1 in synaptonemal-complex assembly, and perhaps also stability and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Costa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Collier B, Gorgoni B, Loveridge C, Cooke HJ, Gray NK. The DAZL family proteins are PABP-binding proteins that regulate translation in germ cells. EMBO J 2005; 24:2656-66. [PMID: 16001084 PMCID: PMC1176464 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DAZL proteins are germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins essential for gametogenesis. The precise molecular role of these proteins in germ-cell development remains enigmatic; however, they appear to function in the cytoplasm. In order to directly address the function of vertebrate DAZL proteins, we have used Xenopus laevis oocytes as a model system. Here we demonstrate that members of this family, including Xdazl, mouse Dazl, human DAZL, human DAZ and human BOULE, have the ability to stimulate translation and function at the level of translation initiation. We show that DAZL proteins interact with poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs), which are critical for the initiation of translation. Mapping and tethered function experiments suggest that these interactions are physiologically important. This leads to an attractive hypothesis whereby DAZL proteins activate translationally silent mRNAs during germ cell development through the direct recruitment of PABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Collier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Barbara Gorgoni
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Carolyn Loveridge
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Howard J Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicola K Gray
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK. Tel.: +44 131 3322471; Fax: +44 131 4678456; E-mail:
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Abstract
Males contribute to about 50% of infertility in humans and Y chromosome deletions are the major known genetic contribution to this. Amongst the genes encompassed by these deletions are the DAZ genes. The DAZ family of genes (consisting of homologues of BOULE, DAZL and DAZ) encode highly conserved RNA-binding proteins that are essential for gametogenesis in metazoans. They join the ranks of proteins that act to control this complex developmental process by regulating the translation of specific mRNAs. Advances in knowledge of how this gene family acts to regulate key meiotic events in model organisms will lead to a fuller understanding of their function in human fertility.
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Maratou K, Forster T, Costa Y, Taggart M, Speed RM, Ireland J, Teague P, Roy D, Cooke HJ. Expression profiling of the developing testis in wild-type and Dazl knockout mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2004; 67:26-54. [PMID: 14648873 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic understanding of male-factor infertility requires knowledge of gene expression patterns associated with normal germ cell differentiation. The mouse is one of the best models of mammalian fertility due to its well-characterized genetics and the existence of many infertile mutants both naturally occurring and experimentally induced. We used cDNA microarrays firstly to investigate normal gene expression in the wild-type (wt) testis and secondly to gain a better insight into the effect of the disruption of the Dazl gene on spermatogenesis. We constructed a cDNA microarray from a subtracted and normalized adult testis library and focused on six developmental time-points during the initial synchronous wave of spermatogenesis. The results suggest that in the wild-type testis, 89.5% of genes on our chip change expression dramatically during the time-course. To identify patterns in the gene-expression data, a k-means clustering algorithm and principal component analysis were used. In the Dazl knockout testes, the majority of genes remain at baseline levels of expression, because absence of Dazl has a severe effect on cell-types present in the testis. Although in the prepubescent Dazl-null mice the final point reached in germ cell development is the leptotene-zygotene stage, the microarray results suggest that lack of Dazl expression has a detectable effect on the mRNA complement of germ cells as early as day 5 when only type A spermatogonia are present. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 26-54, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klio Maratou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Centromeres are a conundrum; although many proteins associated with centomeres are conserved from yeast to humans, the underlying DNA sequence is not. A proposed solution to this problem is that an epigenetic, largely heterochromatic, state be imposed by these proteins. Recent analysis of a human neocentromere and the complete sequence of a rice centromere suggest that this epigenetic state can enable transcription of at least some genes within a centromere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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Abstract
The enteric nervous system in combination with inputs from parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves regulate the contractile, secretory and vasomotor activity of the gastrointestinal track via neural reflexes. Sensory elements which may be present in specialized neurones, enteroendocrine cells or mast cells detect changes in force, chemical composition or even foreign antigens. Sensory elements signal the enteric nervous system to correct these changes by altering contractile activity, secretion and blood flow. Advances have been made in understanding the sensory mechanisms that are involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release from enterochromaffin cells (EC) or a model for EC cells. These advances relate to roles for ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine in mechanotransduction and a role for a sodium glucose cotransporter, a SGLT-like protein, in chemotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
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Saunders PTK, Turner JMA, Ruggiu M, Taggart M, Burgoyne PS, Elliott D, Cooke HJ. Absence of mDazl produces a final block on germ cell development at meiosis. Reproduction 2004; 126:589-97. [PMID: 14611631 DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1260589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The autosomal gene DAZL is a member of a family of genes (DAZL, DAZ, BOULE), all of which contain a consensus RNA binding domain and are expressed in germ cells. Adult male and female mice null for Dazl lack gametes. In order to define more precisely the developmental stages in germ cells that require Dazl expression, the patterns of germ cell loss in immature male and female wild-type (+/+, WT) and Dazl -/- (DazlKO) mice were analysed. In females, loss of germ cells occurred during fetal life and was coincident with progression of cells through meiotic prophase. In males, testes were recovered from WT and DazlKO males obtained before and during the first wave of spermatogenesis (days 2-19). Mitotically active germ cells were present up to and including day 19. Functional differentiation of spermatogonia associated with detection of c-kit positive cells did not depend upon expression of Dazl. RBMY-positive cells (A, intermediate, B spermatogonia, zygotene and preleptotene spermatocytes) were reduced in DazlKO compared with WT testes. Staining of cell squashes from day 19 testes with anti-gamma-H2AX and anti-SCP3 antibodies showed that germ cells from DazlKO males were unable to progress beyond the leptotene stage of meiotic prophase I. It was concluded that in the absence of Dazl, germ cells can complete mitosis, and embark on functional differentiation but that, in both sexes, progression through meiotic prophase requires this RNA binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T K Saunders
- Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
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Abstract
Dazl knockout male mice are infertile because their germ cells are unable to complete the first meiotic prophase in the first wave of spermatogenesis and thereafter decrease in number due to a block at the A-aligned to A1 transition. The ability of the surviving somatic components of the testes to retain their function in the absence of mature germ cells was tested by injecting marked wild-type germ cell suspensions containing spermatogonial stem cells. Comparison of the frequency and extent of colonization of Dazl knockout testes with that of testes chemically depleted of germ cells showed little if any difference. It was concluded that Dazlko testes seem unimpaired in their ability to support spermatogenesis. Therefore, Dazlko testes provide a useful and reliable recipient in which to evaluate spermatogonial stem cells. The results furthermore demonstrate that the somatic compartment of the testis of these animals retains functionality.
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Forster T, Costa Y, Roy D, Cooke HJ, Maratou K. Triple-target microarray experiments: a novel experimental strategy. BMC Genomics 2004; 5:13. [PMID: 15018645 PMCID: PMC365026 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-throughput, parallel gene expression analysis by means of microarray technology has become a widely used technique in recent years. There are currently two main dye-labelling strategies for microarray studies based on custom-spotted cDNA or oligonucleotides arrays: (I) Dye-labelling of a single target sample with a particular dye, followed by subsequent hybridisation to a single microarray slide, (II) Dye-labelling of two different target samples with two different dyes, followed by subsequent co-hybridisation to a single microarray slide. The two dyes most frequently used for either method are Cy3 and Cy5. We propose and evaluate a novel experiment set-up utilising three differently labelled targets co-hybridised to one microarray slide. In addition to Cy3 and Cy5, this incorporates Alexa 594 as a third dye-label. We evaluate this approach in line with current data processing and analysis techniques for microarrays, and run separate analyses on Alexa 594 used in single-target, dual-target and the intended triple-target experiment set-ups (a total of 18 microarray slides). We follow this by pointing out practical applications and suitable analysis methods, and conclude that triple-target microarray experiments can add value to microarray research by reducing material costs for arrays and related processes, and by increasing the number of options for pragmatic experiment design. Results The addition of Alexa 594 as a dye-label for an additional – third – target sample works within the framework of more commonplace Cy5/Cy3 labelled target sample combinations. Standard normalisation methods are still applicable, and the resulting data can be expected to allow identification of expression differences in a biological experiment, given sufficient levels of biological replication (as is necessary for most microarray experiments). Conclusion The use of three dye-labelled target samples can be a valuable addition to the standard repertoire of microarray experiment designs. The method enables direct comparison between two experimental populations as well as measuring these two populations in relation to a third reference sample, allowing comparisons within the slide and across slides. These benefits are only offset by the added level of consideration required in the experimental design and data processing of a triple-target study design. Common methods for data processing and analysis are still applicable, but there is scope for the development of custom models for triple-target data. In summary, we do not consider the triple-target approach to be a new standard, but a valuable addition to the existing microarray study toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Forster
- Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, College of Medicine, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Yael Costa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Department of Chromosome Biology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Douglas Roy
- Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, College of Medicine, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Howard J Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Department of Chromosome Biology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Klio Maratou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The Department of Chromosome Biology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Rovio AT, Abel J, Ahola AL, Andres AM, Bertranpetit J, Blancher A, Bontrop RE, Chemnick LG, Cooke HJ, Cummins JM, Davis HA, Elliott DJ, Fritsche E, Hargreave TB, Hoffman SMG, Jequier AM, Kao SH, Kim HS, Marchington DR, Mehmet D, Otting N, Poulton J, Ryder OA, Schuppe HC, Takenaka O, Wei YH, Wichmann L, Jacobs HT. A prevalent POLG CAG microsatellite length allele in humans and African great apes. Mamm Genome 2004; 15:492-502. [PMID: 15181541 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-3049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 02/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The human nuclear gene for the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma ( POLG) contains within its coding region a CAG microsatellite encoding a polyglutamine repeat. Previous studies demonstrated an association between length variation at this repeat and male infertility, suggesting a mechanism whereby the prevalent (CAG)(10) allele, which occurs at a frequency of >80% in different populations, could be maintained by selection. Sequence analysis of the POLG CAG microsatellite region of more than 1000 human chromosomes reveals that virtually all allelic variation at the locus is accounted for by length variation of the CAG repeat. Analysis of POLG from African great apes shows that a prevalent length allele is present in each species, although its exact length is species-specific. In common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) a number of different sequence variants contribute to the prevalent length allele, strongly supporting the idea that the length of the POLG microsatellite region, rather than its exact nucleotide or amino acid sequence, is what is maintained. Analysis of POLG in other primates indicates that the repeat has expanded from a shorter, glutamine-rich sequence, present in the common ancestor of Old and New World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja T Rovio
- Institute of Medical Technology and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FIN-33014, Finland
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Allshire RC, Cooke HJ. Chromosome substructure investigation. Telomeres. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 29:493-503. [PMID: 8032424 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-289-2:493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Allshire
- Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves stem-cell renewal, genome reorganization and genome repackaging, and that culminates in the production of motile gametes. Problems at all stages of spermatogenesis contribute to human infertility, but few of them can be modelled in vitro or in cell culture. Targeted mutagenesis in the mouse provides a powerful method to analyse these steps and has provided new insights into the origins of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Cooke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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48
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Abstract
Y-chromosomal DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) and autosomal DAZ-like (DAZL) comprise a gene family involved in gametogenesis. Y-chromosomal and autosomal genes only co-exist in humans and old world monkeys, indicating that DAZ genes are a recent acquisition of the Y chromosome. In most mammals, the ancestral Dazl alone is sufficient to complete gametogenesis. It is not yet understood why humans and old world monkeys have a second set of genes that are apparently necessary for spermatogenesis, since deletions removing the Y-chromosomal DAZ are often associated with azoo- or oligospermia. We used transgenic mice carrying either human DAZL or human DAZ on a mouse Dazl null background to investigate the functions of the human homologues. Both transgenes enabled prophase spermatocytes to be produced, mainly of the leptonema/zygonema stage, but failed to promote differentiation into mid- to late pachytenes. The presence of human DAZL resulted in a larger amount of early germ cells compared with that observed in DAZ. The degree of rescue was independent of copy number, integration site or presence of the DAZ repeat region for the DAZ transgenes. These findings confirm that DAZL and DAZ can only substitute for early functions of the murine homologue resulting in the establishment of the germ cell population and partial progression into meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vogel
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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49
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Abstract
Classical cytogenetic mapping has identified a locus on the long arm of the human Y chromosome that is required for spermatogenesis and is termed AZF, an acronym for the hypothetical azoospermia factor encoded by this locus. Recent molecular attempts to identify the gene corresponding to this locus have revealed that there are at least three genes in three separate microdeletion intervals. Two of these microdeletion intervals contain genes encoding proteins with potential roles in RNA metabolism. These genes are members of Y-encoded gene families with autosomal homologues. The cell biology of one of these genes, RBM (an acronym of RNA binding motif), is complex and suggests a role in pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Elliott
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is released from enterochromaffin cells and activates neural reflex programs regulating motility and secretion. Although sugars are reported to release 5-HT in vivo, it is unclear whether they act directly on enterochromaffin cells or indirectly through an intermediary messenger. The aim was to determine if D-glucose is a stimulus for 5-HT release. METHODS Human BON cells, derived from enterochromaffin cells, were treated with D-glucose, galactose, and the nonmetabolizable methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, or with fructose. RESULTS Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction together with Western blot analysis revealed an SGLT-like protein. D-glucose caused a concentration-dependent increase in 5-HT release, which was mimicked by methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside and galactose but not fructose. D-glucose-stimulated 5-HT release was significantly reduced by phloridzin. Concentrations of mannitol below 75 mmol/L were ineffective in releasing 5-HT. Brefeldin A abolished forskolin-stimulated 5-HT release without affecting basal or constitutive release. CONCLUSIONS The results show that high concentrations of metabolizable and nonmetabolizable hexoses activate signal transduction pathways, leading to release of 5-HT. These findings imply a role for enterochromaffin cells as "glucose sensors" during ingestion of a meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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