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Reichmann J, Dobie K, Lister LM, Crichton JH, Best D, MacLennan M, Read D, Raymond ES, Hung CC, Boyle S, Shirahige K, Cooke HJ, Herbert M, Adams IR. Tex19.1 inhibits the N-end rule pathway and maintains acetylated SMC3 cohesin and sister chromatid cohesion in oocytes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201702123. [PMID: 32232464 PMCID: PMC7199850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent oocyte aneuploidy, a major cause of Down syndrome, is associated with declining sister chromatid cohesion in postnatal oocytes. Here we show that cohesion in postnatal mouse oocytes is regulated by Tex19.1. We show Tex19.1-/- oocytes have defects maintaining chiasmata, missegregate their chromosomes during meiosis, and transmit aneuploidies to the next generation. Furthermore, we show that mouse Tex19.1 inhibits N-end rule protein degradation mediated by its interacting partner UBR2, and that Ubr2 itself has a previously undescribed role in negatively regulating the acetylated SMC3 subpopulation of cohesin in mitotic somatic cells. Lastly, we show that acetylated SMC3 is associated with meiotic chromosome axes in mouse oocytes, and that this population of cohesin is specifically depleted in the absence of Tex19.1. These findings indicate that Tex19.1 regulates UBR protein activity to maintain acetylated SMC3 and sister chromatid cohesion in postnatal oocytes and prevent aneuploidy from arising in the female germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Reichmann
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Dobie
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa M. Lister
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James H. Crichton
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Best
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie MacLennan
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Read
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor S. Raymond
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chao-Chun Hung
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shelagh Boyle
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Howard J. Cooke
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Herbert
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Biomedicine West Wing, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian R. Adams
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
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MacLennan M, García-Cañadas M, Reichmann J, Khazina E, Wagner G, Playfoot CJ, Salvador-Palomeque C, Mann AR, Peressini P, Sanchez L, Dobie K, Read D, Hung CC, Eskeland R, Meehan RR, Weichenrieder O, García-Pérez JL, Adams IR. Mobilization of LINE-1 retrotransposons is restricted by Tex19.1 in mouse embryonic stem cells. eLife 2017; 6:e26152. [PMID: 28806172 PMCID: PMC5570191 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilization of retrotransposons to new genomic locations is a significant driver of mammalian genome evolution, but these mutagenic events can also cause genetic disorders. In humans, retrotransposon mobilization is mediated primarily by proteins encoded by LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons, which mobilize in pluripotent cells early in development. Here we show that TEX19.1, which is induced by developmentally programmed DNA hypomethylation, can directly interact with the L1-encoded protein L1-ORF1p, stimulate its polyubiquitylation and degradation, and restrict L1 mobilization. We also show that TEX19.1 likely acts, at least in part, through promoting the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR2 towards L1-ORF1p. Moreover, loss of Tex19.1 increases L1-ORF1p levels and L1 mobilization in pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells, implying that Tex19.1 prevents de novo retrotransposition in the pluripotent phase of the germline cycle. These data show that post-translational regulation of L1 retrotransposons plays a key role in maintaining trans-generational genome stability in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie MacLennan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Marta García-Cañadas
- Centro de Genómica e
Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Pfizer-Universidad de
Granada-Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada,
Spain
| | - Judith Reichmann
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Elena Khazina
- Department of
Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental
Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Wagner
- Department of
Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental
Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Playfoot
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Carmen Salvador-Palomeque
- Centro de Genómica e
Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Pfizer-Universidad de
Granada-Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada,
Spain
| | - Abigail R Mann
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Paula Peressini
- Centro de Genómica e
Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Pfizer-Universidad de
Granada-Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada,
Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Centro de Genómica e
Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Pfizer-Universidad de
Granada-Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada,
Spain
| | - Karen Dobie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - David Read
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Chao-Chun Hung
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of
Biosciences, University of Oslo,
Oslo,
Norway
- Norwegian Center for
Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo
University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
| | - Oliver Weichenrieder
- Department of
Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Developmental
Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose Luis García-Pérez
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
- Centro de Genómica e
Investigación Oncológica (GENYO), Pfizer-Universidad de
Granada-Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, Granada,
Spain
| | - Ian R Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit,
MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom
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Wilson R, Dobie K, Hunter N, Casalone C, Baron T, Barron RM. Presence of subclinical infection in gene-targeted human prion protein transgenic mice exposed to atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2819-2827. [PMID: 24045112 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans, leading to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has demonstrated that cattle transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can pose a risk to human health. Until recently, TSE disease in cattle was thought to be caused by a single agent strain, BSE, also known as classical BSE, or BSE-C. However, due to the initiation of a large-scale surveillance programme throughout Europe, two atypical BSE strains, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE, also named BSE-L) and BSE-H have since been discovered. To model the risk to human health, we previously inoculated these two forms of atypical BSE (BASE and BSE-H) into gene-targeted transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein (PrP) (HuTg) but were unable to detect any signs of TSE pathology in these mice. However, despite the absence of TSE pathology, upon subpassage of some BASE-challenged HuTg mice, a TSE was observed in recipient gene-targeted bovine PrP Tg (Bov6) mice but not in HuTg mice. Disease transmission from apparently healthy individuals indicates the presence of subclinical BASE infection in mice expressing human PrP that cannot be identified by current diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of transmission to HuTg mice on subpassage, the efficiency of mouse-to-mouse transmission of BASE appears to be low when mice express human rather than bovine PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Wilson
- Neurobiology Division, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Karen Dobie
- Neurobiology Division, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Nora Hunter
- Neurobiology Division, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Thierry Baron
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, Lyon, France
| | - Rona M Barron
- Neurobiology Division, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta s in dentin matrix provide a pool of bioactive molecules, but association with latency-associated peptides (LAPs) may influence their activity. We investigated TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 LAP expression in sound and carious human teeth. Teeth were fixed and processed immediately following extraction prior to staining with rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the TGF-beta LAPs. A soluble dentin matrix fraction was prepared from dissected human dentin and sequential extraction of pulpal ECM was performed prior to purification. Fractions were Western blotted and probed with the LAP antibodies. All three LAPs were present in odontoblasts, cells of the pulp, and predentin; however, no staining of mineralized dentin matrix was seen. Similar patterns of expression were seen in carious tissue. Expression of TGF-beta LAPs in cells and pulpal matrix of healthy and carious teeth will be important in regulation of TGF-beta activity and may modulate the tissue response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sloan
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the use of alginate hydrogels to present either exogenous or endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 to the dentin-pulp complex to signal reparative processes. Hydrogels were prepared, applied to cultured human tooth slices and the effects on tertiary dentinogenesis examined histologically. Both TGF-beta 1-containing and acid-treated alginate hydrogels, but not untreated hydrogels, upregulated dentin matrix secretion and induced odontoblast-like cell differentiation with subsequent secretion of regular tubular dentin matrix on cut pulpal surfaces. It is concluded that TGF-beta 1 can signal both induction of odontoblast-like cell differentiation and upregulation of their matrix secretion in the human dentin-pulp complex. Alginate hydrogels provide an appropriate matrix in which dental regeneration can take place and may also be useful for delivery of growth factors, including TGF-beta s, to enhance the natural regenerative capacity of the dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobie
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK
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Haworth RS, Brooks G, Cummins P, Dobie K, Chilton DC, Avkiran M. Differential changes in transforming growth factor-beta isoform expression during postnatal cardiac growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 245:923-7. [PMID: 9588216 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is synthesised as an inactive precursor protein; this is cleaved to produce the mature peptide and a latency associated protein (LAP), which remains associated with the mature peptide until activation by LAP degradation. Isoform specific antibodies raised against the LAPs for TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 were used to determine the myocardial levels of LAP (activatable TGF-beta) and full length precursor (inactive TGF-beta) forms during post-natal development in the rat. TGF-beta 2 was present predominantly as the precursor in 2 day old myocardium. There was an age-dependent shift from precursor protein to LAP between 2 and 28 days. A corresponding increase in the level of mature (activatable) TGF-beta 2 was found. TGF-beta 3 was detected in significant quantities only as LAP. However, a four-fold increase in the expression of TGF-beta 3 LAP was observed between 2 and 28 days. The substantial increases in activatable forms of TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 that occur in myocardium during the first 28 days of life in the rat support a role for these proteins in post-natal cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Haworth
- Cardiovascular Research, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Dobie K, Cummins P. Changes in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) expression in the myocardium. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:443S. [PMID: 9388667 DOI: 10.1042/bst025443s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Dobie
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, U.K
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobie
- Centre for Genome Research, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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