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Elmore J, Wright DK, Paradis M. Nurses’ moral experiences of assisted death: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Nurs Ethics 2016; 25:955-972. [DOI: 10.1177/0969733016679468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Legislative changes are resulting in assisted death as an option for people at the end of life. Although nurses’ experiences and perspectives are underrepresented within broader ethical discourses about assisted death, there is a small but significant body of literature examining nurses’ experiences of caring for people who request this option. Aim: To synthesize what has been learned about nurses’ experiences of caring for patients who request assisted death and to highlight what is morally at stake for nurses who undertake this type of care. Design: Qualitative meta-synthesis. Methods: Six databases were searched: CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, Joanna Briggs Institute, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search was completed on 22 October 2014 and updated in February 2016. Of 879 articles identified from the database searches, 16 articles were deemed relevant based on inclusion criteria. Following quality appraisal, 14 studies were retained for analysis and synthesis. Results: The moral experience of the nurse is (1) defined by a profound sense of responsibility, (2) shaped by contextual forces that nurses navigate in everyday end-of-life care practice, and (3) sustained by intra-team moral and emotional support. Discussion: The findings of this synthesis support the view that nurses are moral agents who are deeply invested in the moral integrity of end-of-life care involving assisted death. The findings further demonstrate that to fully appreciate the ethics of assisted death from a nursing standpoint, it is necessary to understand the broader constraints on nurses’ moral agency that operate in everyday end-of-life care. Ethical considerations: Research ethics board approval was not required for this synthesis of previously published literature. Conclusion: In order to understand how to enact ethical practice in the area of assisted death, the moral experiences of nurses should be investigated and foregrounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elmore
- St. Mary’s Research Centre, Canada; McGill University, Canada
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2
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Jones K. Diversities in approach to end-of-life: A view from Britain of the qualitative literature. J Res Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/174498710501000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically investigate qualitative literature on end-of-life issues and ethnicity/race/diversity, employing qualitative methods and philosophical concepts. Design: A database of 119 references was compiled using a range of techniques, including information foraging theory. Qualitative principles, such as ‘citation snowballing’ and ‘data saturation’, were utilised to gather and consolidate the literature. A model of ‘signal and noise’ was employed to balance methodological rigour against the strength of the message itself in the literature included in the final review. Results: Existing reviews of qualitative literature on palliative care are minimal, with little mention of ethnicity/race/diversity; palliative care generally pays little attention to qualitative methods. Concepts of ethnicity/race/diversity are socially constructed and these extend to the literature on end-of-life. Changing terminology of palliative care reflects emerging and competing ways to talk about the care provided to dying patients. Conclusions: The ‘cookbook’ approach to diversity creates new myths or stereotypes, compounding this with inaccuracies or misunderstandings. Aspects other than formal religious beliefs are overlooked and not all members of an ethnic group will routinely follow the beliefs of a specific faith. Healthcare providers must recognise that the basic values, principles and assumptions of Western medicine and bioethics are themselves historically situated and culturally determined. The rights of families to medical knowledge and their roles in decision-making are just as valid, inalienable and crucial to the cultural belief systems of many ethic minority communities as patient autonomy models are to Western medicine. A common theme emerging through the studies reviewed is a need for sensitivity to the varying expectations and mix of involvement of patients, practioners and families in end-of-life care and the need for information-sharing and decision-making amongst them, along a continuum of health and social care constructed by synthesis and integration of models emerging through this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kip Jones
- The UK Evidence Network for Policy and Practice, Centre for Evidence in Ethnicity, Health & Diversity, De Montfort and Warwick Universities,
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Kornhaber RA, de Jong AEE, McLean L. Rigorous, robust and systematic: Qualitative research and its contribution to burn care. An integrative review. Burns 2015; 41:1619-1626. [PMID: 25979797 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative methods are progressively being implemented by researchers for exploration within healthcare. However, there has been a longstanding and wide-ranging debate concerning the relative merits of qualitative research within the health care literature. This integrative review aimed to exam the contribution of qualitative research in burns care and subsequent rehabilitation. Studies were identified using an electronic search strategy using the databases PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) and Scopus of peer reviewed primary research in English between 2009 to April 2014 using Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method as a guide for analysis. From the 298 papers identified, 26 research papers met the inclusion criteria. Across all studies there was an average of 22 participants involved in each study with a range of 6-53 participants conducted across 12 nations that focussed on burns prevention, paediatric burns, appropriate acquisition and delivery of burns care, pain and psychosocial implications of burns trauma. Careful and rigorous application of qualitative methodologies promotes and enriches the development of burns knowledge. In particular, the key elements in qualitative methodological process and its publication are critical in disseminating credible and methodologically sound qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Anne Kornhaber
- University of Tasmania, Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, Australia; The University of Adelaide, School of Nursing, South Australia, Australia; Severe Burns Injury Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - A E E de Jong
- Burn Centre, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - L McLean
- Westmead Psychotherapy Program, Discipline of Psychiatry, and BMRI, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney West and Greater Southern Psychiatry Training Network, Australia
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4
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Lipp A, Fothergill A. A guide to critiquing a research paper. Methodological appraisal of a paper on nurses in abortion care. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:e14-e17. [PMID: 25638278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this paper, we have taken a previously published article on nurses' judgements in abortion care performing a systematic critique of the merits of this research using a recognised critiquing framework. OBJECTIVES DESIGN The qualitative paper chosen for the critique is a grounded theory design and the research terms and terminology associated with this method such as symbolic interactionism are defined. The published paper reported on findings from a study exploring the characteristics of nurses in abortion care. REVIEW METHODS A published critiquing tool has been applied. It was chosen because it is pragmatic, clearly laid out and accessible as full text to the people likely to need it. It comprises two stages, the first of which centres on the believability of the research. The second stage is more detailed and examines the research process and establishes the credibility of the research in its application to practice. OUTCOME Develop critical and analytical skills through methodically appraising the merits of published research. CONCLUSION Nursing as an evidence-based profession requires nurses at both pre- and post-registration levels to be able to understand, synthesise and critique research, this being a fundamental part of many nursing curricula. These have become core skills to acquire since implementing up to date evidence is the cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Lipp
- Principal lecturer, Adult, Room GTAB122, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Glyntaff, Pontypridd CF37 4BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Fothergill
- Principal Lecturer, Mental Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Glyntaff, Pontypridd CF37 4BD, United Kingdom.
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5
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Hui D, Parsons HA, Damani S, Fulton S, Liu J, Evans A, De La Cruz M, Bruera E. Quantity, design, and scope of the palliative oncology literature. Oncologist 2011; 16:694-703. [PMID: 21471275 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current state of the palliative oncology literature is unclear. We examined and compared the quantity, research design, and research topics of palliative oncology publications in the first 6 months of 2004 with the first 6 months of 2009. We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsychInfo, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and CINAHL for original studies, review articles, and systematic reviews related to "palliative care" and "cancer" during the first 6 months of 2004 and 2009. Two physicians reviewed the literature independently and coded the study characteristics with high inter-rater reliability. We found a consistent decrease in the proportion of oncology studies related to palliative care between 2004 and 2009, despite an absolute increase in the total number of palliative oncology studies. Combining the two time periods, the most common original study designs were case report/series, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative studies. Randomized controlled trials comprised 6% of all original studies. The most common topics were physical symptoms, health services research, and psychosocial issues. Communication, decision making, spirituality, education, and research methodologies all represented <5% of the literature. Comparing 2004 with 2009, we found an increase in the proportion of original studies among all palliative oncology publications but no significant difference in study design or research topic. We identified significant deficiencies in the quantity, design, and scope of the palliative oncology literature. Further effort and resources are necessary to improve the evidence base for this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hui
- Department of Palliative Care & Rehabilitation Medicine, Unit 008, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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6
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Experiences of living with a deteriorating body in late palliative phases of cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2010; 4:153-7. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32833b4f37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Mantzoukas S. The research evidence published in high impact nursing journals between 2000 and 2006: a quantitative content analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2009; 46:479-89. [PMID: 19187934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice has become an imperative for efficient, effective and safe practice. Furthermore, evidences emerging from published research are considered as valid knowledge sources to guiding practice. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to review all research articles published in the top 10 general nursing journals for the years 2000-2006 to identify the methodologies used, the types of evidence these studies produced and the issues upon which they endeavored. DESIGN Quantitative content analysis was implemented to study all published research papers of the top 10 general nursing journals for the years 2000-2006. METHODS The top 10 general nursing journals were included in the study. The abstracts of all research articles were analysed with regards the methodologies of enquiry, the types of evidence produced and the issues of study they endeavored upon. Percentages were developed as to enable conclusions to be drawn. RESULTS The results for the category methodologies used were 7% experimental, 6% quasi-experimental, 39% non-experimental, 2% ethnographical studies, 7% phenomenological, 4% grounded theory, 1% action research, 1% case study, 15% unspecified, 5.5% other, 0.5% meta-synthesis, 2% meta-analysis, 5% literature reviews and 3% secondary analysis. For the category types of evidence were 4% hypothesis/theory testing, 11% evaluative, 5% comparative, 2% correlational, 46% descriptive, 5% interpretative and 27% exploratory. For the category issues of study were 45% practice/clinical, 8% educational, 11% professional, 3% spiritual/ethical/metaphysical, 26% health promotion and 7% managerial/policy. CONCLUSIONS Published studies can provide adequate evidences for practice if nursing journals conceptualise evidence emerging from non-experimental and qualitative studies as relevant types of evidences for practice and develop appropriate mechanisms for assessing their validity. Also, nursing journals need to increase and encourage the publication of studies that implement RCT methodology, systematic reviews, meta-synthesis and meta-analysis methodologies. Finally, nursing journals need to encourage more high quality research evidence that derive from interpretative, theory testing and evaluative types of studies that are practice relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mantzoukas
- Department of Nursing, Highest Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Archimandriou 60, 45333 Ioannina, Greece.
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Abstract
The aspiration to design and conduct high-quality research in palliative care has been an important but elusive goal. The article evaluates the nature of research methodologies presented in published research within the broad remit of palliative care. A systematic search of the Medline database between 1997 and 2006, using the keywords 'palliative care' or 'end-of-life care' and 'research methodology', identified over 318 publications. A bibliometric analysis indicates an incremental increase in published outputs per year, from 27 countries, with articles widely distributed across 108 journals. The heterogeneity of the research methodologies and the journals publishing them, present challenges in defining what constitutes 'high quality'. We argue that although this diversity leads to a lack of coherence for a single disciplinary paradigm for palliative care, there is a greater acknowledgement of the differing epistemological and theoretical frameworks used by researchers. This could be regarded as enriching our understanding of what it means to be dying in contemporary society.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Payne
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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Larkin PJ, de Casterlé BD, Schotsmans P. A Relational Ethical Dialogue With Research Ethics Committees. Nurs Ethics 2008; 15:234-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0969733007086021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to take relational ethics concepts and apply them to the context of application to research ethics committees for approval to carry out research. The process of a multinational qualitative research application is described. The article suggests that a relational ethics approach can address two issues: how qualitative proposals are interpreted by research ethics committees and how this safeguards potentially vulnerable respondents. In relational terms, the governance of a research project may be enhanced by shared ownership and willingness to engage in mutual dialogue. This challenges both researchers and research ethics committees to reframe their understanding of roles and functions in the assessment of research protocols, particularly those of a qualitative nature and those that address end-of-life issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Larkin
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland,
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10
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Abstract
Qualitative research methods are an appropriate way to address questions on understandings, feelings and experiences of people in the context of palliative care. They make an assumption that language reflects objective reality. An alternative position is taken by discourse analysis methods, which are concerned with investigating how language and written texts are used to shape and influence behaviours, and provide ways of constructing the world. This paper argues that discourse analysis has benefits in revealing taken-for-granted and hidden aspects of palliative care. These advantages include revealing how common words and terms are used to invoke social practices, knowledge and power, which shape the meaning and delivery of palliative care in different contexts. Advice on conducting discourse analysis is provided, along with two exemplar studies. Finally, we indicate the potential contributions, the disadvantages and the ethical considerations required in using this approach to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O'Connor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
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Molassiotis A, Gibson F, Kelly D, Richardson A, Dabbour R, Ahmad AMA, Kearney N. A Systematic Review of Worldwide Cancer Nursing Research. Cancer Nurs 2006; 29:431-40. [PMID: 17135815 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200611000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the cancer nursing research papers published in the past decade; identify their characteristics in terms of country of origin, participants, settings, diagnostic foci, and methodologic choices; and evaluate their quality. A systematic review was carried out of all published papers in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature between the years 1994 and 2003, using the keywords "cancer," "nursing," and "research." A total of 619 papers met inclusion criteria and were evaluated by 5 researchers. Almost half the papers were derived from the United States (49.1%), followed by the UK, Sweden, Canada, and Australia. In more than half of the published papers (52.2%), health professionals (mostly nurses) were the studies' participants. Also, much of the published research used patients with mixed diagnosis, or patients with breast or hematologic cancers. Two-thirds of the studies were quantitative, whereas most studies were descriptive in nature. The quality of both quantitative and qualitative studies was low, with only a small percentage meeting the highest quality criteria. Studies reporting funding and those published in journals with an impact factor showed a higher quality score than those not reporting funding or not published in journals with an impact factor. Cancer nursing research is still in a developmental stage, although it has made a considerable contribution to the evidence base of the discipline. A number of issues need to be tackled before we improve our output, such as organizational or workforce issues, infrastructure support, funding, and methodologic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molassiotis
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Coupland III, Coupland Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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12
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Silveira CS, Zago MMF. Pesquisa brasileira em enfermagem oncológica: uma revisão integrativa. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2006; 14:614-9. [PMID: 16967170 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692006000400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de caracterizar as pesquisas produzidas pela enfermagem brasileira em oncologia. O levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu as publicações nacionais em enfermagem, de 1980 a 2004, sendo identificados 84 artigos que compuseram a amostra do estudo. Os resultados apontaram a falta de esclarecimentos para demonstrar o rigor dos estudos nos artigos analisados. Sugerimos identificar prioridades de pesquisa, refinar estratégias de síntese de resultados de pesquisa, conduzir com rigor os estudos, respeitando-se as etapas do método científico e maior cuidado na elaboração dos relatórios encaminhados para publicação.
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13
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Reeves S, Lewin S, Zwarenstein M. Using qualitative interviews within medical education research: why we must raise the 'quality bar'. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2006; 40:291-2. [PMID: 16573662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Reeves
- Wilson Centre for Research in Education, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Carlson LE, Feldman-Stewart D, Tishelman C, Brundage MD. Patient-professional communication research in cancer: an integrative review of research methods in the context of a conceptual framework. Psychooncology 2005; 14:812-28; discussion 829-30. [PMID: 16200512 DOI: 10.1002/pon.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper uses the conceptual framework of Feldman-Stewart et al. to organize and review the types of research methodologies used to investigate various aspects of patient-health care professional communication in the context of cancer. Research methods employed are classified as either non-experimental or experimental. Non-experimental designs include naturalistic observational studies (e.g. participant observation, audio- or videotaping of interactions) and retrospective introspective descriptions (e.g. self-report questionnaires, qualitative interview methods). Experimental designs often involve interventions aimed at improving communication, such as physician or patient training, and the use of technology to enhance communication (e.g. audiotapes, computers). Using the conceptualization of the communication framework description, we argue that the outcome measures used in these studies address either primary goals, enabling goals, or secondary communication outcomes. Outcomes that are related to primary goals of the communication exchange include assessing the level of understanding of information conveyed, aspects of decision making, planning around treatments, or general provision of care. Outcomes related to enabling goals focus on elements that affect the ability to achieve primary goals. Outcomes secondary to the communication do not relate directly to what the communication is attempting to achieve. We conclude by identifying priority areas for further research, such as identifying the goals of both participants, understanding how particular aspects of the communication process affect their ability to achieve their goals, and examining the external environment in which communication takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Carlson
- Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Mira JJ, Pérez-Jover V, Lorenzo S, Aranaz J, Vitaller J. [Qualitative research: a valid alternative]. Aten Primaria 2004; 34:161-6. [PMID: 15388062 PMCID: PMC7669179 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(04)78902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the main qualitative research techniques through systematic review of Spanish studies published during the previous 5 years. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES The Indice Médico Español (bibliographic database of items published in Spanish health sciences journals) was searched, and systematic searches of the journals Atención Primaria, Gaceta Sanitaria, and Revista de Calidad Asistencial were done. Study selection. We included studies carried out with any type of qualitative research technique. Also included were studies that reviewed qualitative research techniques. We excluded studies that used a qualitative technique but were based mainly on quantitative research techniques. The review was done during the period from April 1997 to April 2002. RESULTS Most of the studies we reviewed used only one technique (80.5%). When more than one technique was used in combination (19.5% of the articles we reviewed), focus groups and interviews were usually used. The techniques identified were focus group (used in 34% of the articles reviewed), interview (24%), the Delphi technique (10%), content analysis (8%), nominal group (8%), metaplan (2%), and Philips 6/6 (2%). CONCLUSIONS Qualitative research is a valid alternative, and if used with appropriate methodological rigor it can be of considerable use to health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mira
- Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Abstract
Sadness is a normal reaction to the fears, anxieties, and uncertainties during any stage of cancer but is especially problematic during the advanced stage. Depressive symptoms and syndromes frequently coexist during this time and affect quality of life. Depression is an overlooked and undertreated symptom during late-stage cancer. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, neurophysiology, diagnostic and screening approaches, risk factors, and treatment modalities for depression in patients with advanced cancer.
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Froggatt KA, Field D, Bailey C, Krishnasamy M. Qualitative research in palliative care 1990-1999: a descriptive review. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003; 9:98-104. [PMID: 12682571 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2003.9.3.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A collaborative, evaluative review of qualitative research in palliative care published between 1990 and 1999 has been conducted. Nearly 30,000 articles in 48 journals from specialist palliative care, oncology, death studies, medicine, nursing, gerontology, health and the social sciences were examined. From these journals, 138 articles (0.5%) reporting qualitative research with a focus on palliative care in the context of death, dying or bereavement were identified. These articles were reviewed using a proforma designed by the group. This article describes the review process, and the following findings: the distribution of different forms of qualitative research in palliative care; the location of such papers; the focus of the research; and the research methodology and methods adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Froggatt
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
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