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Tziourrou P, Vakros J, Karapanagioti HK. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and infrared (IR) measurements for studying biofilm formation on common plastic litter polymer (LDPE and PET) surfaces in three different laboratory aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67499-67512. [PMID: 37115440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Different species of microorganisms colonize the plastic surfaces and form biofilms depending on the aquatic environment. In the current investigation, characteristics of the plastic surface after exposure to three different aquatic environments based on visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance (DR) and infrared (IR)) techniques were examined in laboratory bioreactors with time. For both materials, there were no differences observed in the ultraviolet (UV) region among the reactors and several peaks were observed with fluctuating intensities and without any trends. For light density polyethylene (LDPE), peaks indicating the presence of biofilm could be observed in the visible region for activated sludge bioreactor, and for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), freshwater algae biofilm was also visible. PET in freshwater bioreactor is the most densely populated sample both under the optical microscope and SEM. Based on the DR spectra, different visible peaks for LDPE and PET were observed but, in both cases, the visible region peaks (~ 450 and 670 nm) correspond to the peaks found in the water samples of the bioreactors. The difference on these surfaces could not be identified with IR but the fluctuations observed in the UV wavelength region were also detectable using indices obtained from the IR spectra such as keto, ester, and vinyl. For instance, the virgin PET sample shows higher values in all the indices than the virgin LDPE sample [(virgin LDPE: ester Index (I) = 0.051, keto I = 0.039, vinyl I = 0.067), (virgin PET: ester I = 3.5, keto I = 19, vinyl I = 0.18)]. This suggests that virgin PET surface is hydrophilic as expected. At the same time, for all the LDPE samples, all the indices demonstrated higher values (especially for R2) than the virgin LDPE. On the other hand, ester and keto indices for PET samples demonstrated lower values than virgin PET. In addition, DRS technique was able to identify the formation of the biofilm both on wet and dry samples. Both DRS and IR can describe changes in the hydrophobicity during the initial formation of biofilm but DRS can better describe the fluctuations of biofilm in the visible spectra region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Tziourrou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - John Vakros
- School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Extended Post-Curing Light Exposure and Sandblasting Effects on Surface Hydrophobicity of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the surface hydrophobicity of 3D-printed denture base resin exposed to either an extended post-curing light exposure time or a sandblasting procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disk-shaped samples (diameter × height: 10 mm × 3 mm) were 3D-printed with stereolithography SLA technology using the denture-base resin. Samples were divided into three groups: control, extended UV-post-curing, and sandblasted. The surface roughness parameters for each group were calculated, and the surface hydrophobicity was evaluated by measuring the drop contact angle. Analysis was done using the T-test; significance was when p < 0.05. RESULTS: The comparison of surface roughness parameters showed significant differences between the control group and the sandblasted group (Sa: p = 0.001, Sz: p < 0.001, Str: p < 0.001, Spc: p = 0.044) as well as between the extended-cure group and the sandblasted group (Sa: p = 0.006, Sz: p < 0.001, Str: p < 0.001, Spc: p = 0.036) except for the Sdr measures. The surface hydrophobicity was also statistically lower in the sandblasted group compared to both the control and extended curing groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The sandblasting procedure created a less hydrophobic surface of the 3D-printed denture base resin, and the altered surface roughness could be a contributor to this observation.
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Zand E, Pfanner H, Domig KJ, Sinn G, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Jaeger H. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Microbacterium lacticum and Staphylococcus capitis Considering Physicochemical and Topographical Surface Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030611. [PMID: 33805651 PMCID: PMC8001712 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm characteristics of Microbacterium lacticum D84 (M. lacticum) and Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis (S. capitis) on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. M. lacticum biofilm structure was more developed compared to S. capitis, representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. S. capitis showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and S. capitis surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and S. capitis surface coverage (r = 0.89), while M. lacticum remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make M. lacticum D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Hedwig Pfanner
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Sinn
- Institute of Physics and Material Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
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Tziourrou P, Vakros J, Karapanagioti HK. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) technique for studying biofilm formation on LDPE and PET surfaces: laboratory and field experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12055-12064. [PMID: 31981035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on plastic debris needs to be further investigated, because microorganisms attached to plastics are transferred in all three dimensions to new regions by ocean currents. The current study aims to investigate biofilm formation on plastic strips in aquatic ecosystems using a simple physicochemical method commonly used to characterize solid surfaces, namely, the diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DRS) method. Using virgin polymers that have not being exposed to the environment as a reference, DRS peaks can be attributed to the microorganisms attached to the polymer surface with time. The polymers tested were low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For LDPE strips for all sampling times in the field, the development of the peaks among 10 similar samples was rather uniform in terms of peak wavelength with time. For PET strips during the early sampling time, the development of the peaks among 10 similar samples was rather uniform in terms of peak wavelength but varied in terms of intensity. This last observation phased out with longer exposure times that the peaks had similar distribution in terms of peak wavelength and intensity. Similar experiments were run for longer exposure times both in an oligotrophic laboratory bioreactor and in the marine environment. In both cases, the biofilm on PET samples seems to reach a steady state faster than LDPE with similar peaks found on both samples DRS proved to be a robust and useful tool to study the formation of biofilm on plastic samples without any pretreatment and without sample destruction. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Tziourrou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - John Vakros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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Ma L, Feng S, Fuente-Núñez CDL, Hancock REW, Lu X. Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers To Block Quorum Sensing and Inhibit Bacterial Biofilm Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18450-18457. [PMID: 29767954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are responsible for most clinical infections and show increased antimicrobial resistance. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed to specifically capture prototypical quorum sensing autoinducers [i.e., N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12AHL)], interrupt quorum sensing, and subsequently inhibit biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human nosocomial pathogen. The synthesis of MIPs was optimized by considering the amount and type of the functional monomers itaconic acid (IA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). IA-based MIPs showed high adsorption affinity toward 3-oxo-C12AHL with an imprinting factor of 1.68. Compared to IA-based MIPs, the adsorption capacity of HEMA-based MIPs was improved fivefold. HEMA-based MIPs significantly reduced biofilm formation (by ∼65%), whereas biofilm suppression by IA-based MIPs was neutralized because of increased bacterial attachment. The developed MIPs represent promising alternative biofilm intervention agents that can be applied to surfaces relevant to clinical settings and food processing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Shaolong Feng
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - César de la Fuente-Núñez
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
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Deng Q, Pu Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang R, Liao J, Xu D, Liu Y, Ye R, Fang Z, Gooneratne R. Antimicrobial peptide AMPNT-6 from Bacillus subtilis inhibits biofilm formation by Shewanella putrefaciens and disrupts its preformed biofilms on both abiotic and shrimp shell surfaces. Food Res Int 2017; 102:8-13. [PMID: 29196015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens biofilm formation is of great concern for the shrimp industry because it adheres easily to food and food-contact surfaces and is a source of persistent and unseen contamination that causes shrimp spoilage and economic losses to the shrimp industry. Different concentrations of an antimicrobial lipopeptide, the fermentation product of Bacillus subtilis, AMPNT-6, were tested for the ability to reduce adhesion and disrupt S. putrefaciens preformed biofilms on two different contact surfaces (shrimp shell, stainless steel sheet). AMPNT-6 displayed a marked dose- and time-dependent anti-adhesive effect>biofilm removal. 3MIC AMPNT-6 was able both to remove biofilm and prevent bacteria from forming biofilm in a 96-well polystyrene microplate used as the model surface. 2MIC AMPNT-6 prevented bacteria from adhering to the microplate surface to form biofilm for 3h and removed already existing biofilm within 24h. Secretion of extracellular polymeric substances incubated in LB broth for 24h by S. putrefaciens was minimal at 3× MIC AMPNT-6. Scanning electron microscopy showed that damage to S. putrefaciens bacteria by AMPNT-6 possibly contributed to the non-adherence to the surfaces. Disruption of the mature biofilm structure by AMPNT-6 contributed to biofilm removal. It is concluded that AMPNT-6 can be used effectively to prevent attachment and also detach S. putrefaciens biofilms from shrimp shells, stainless steel sheets and polystyrene surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuehua Pu
- Bureau of Quality and technology Supervise of Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- National Marine Products Quality Supervision & Inspection Center, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianmeng Liao
- Zhanjiang Food and Drug Administration, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Riying Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Kregiel D. Health safety of soft drinks: contents, containers, and microorganisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:128697. [PMID: 25695045 PMCID: PMC4324883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/128697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft drinks consumption is still a controversial issue for public health and public policy. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted into the possible links between soft drink intake and medical problems, the results of which, however, remain highly contested. Nevertheless, as a result, increasing emphasis is being placed on the health properties of soft drinks, by both the industry and the consumers, for example, in the expanding area of functional drinks. Extensive legislation has been put in place to ensure that soft drinks manufacturers conform to established national and international standards. Consumers trust that the soft drinks they buy are safe and their quality is guaranteed. They also expect to be provided with information that can help them to make informed decisions about the purchase of products and that the information on product labels is not false or misleading. This paper provides a broad overview of available scientific knowledge and cites numerous studies on various aspects of soft drinks and their implications for health safety. Particular attention is given to ingredients, including artificial flavorings, colorings, and preservatives and to the lesser known risks of microbiological and chemical contamination during processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Kukulka DJ, Smith R, Zaepfel J. Development and evaluation of vipertex enhanced heat transfer tubes for use in fouling conditions. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579512060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huguet L, Carteret C, Gantzer C. A comparison of different concentration methods for the detection of viruses present in bottled waters and those adsorbed to water bottle surfaces. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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The Effectiveness of Poly-(4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridiniumbromide) as an Antibacterial Implant Coating: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2011; 2011:859140. [PMID: 22229031 PMCID: PMC3249688 DOI: 10.1155/2011/859140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of osseointegrated dental implants depends on the strong attachment of the surrounding hard and soft tissues. Bacterial adhesion on implant surfaces can cause inflammatory reactions and may influence healing and long-term success of dental implants. Promising implant coatings should minimize bacterial adhesion, but allow epithelial and connective tissue attachment. Therefore, the present study has examined the bioactive effect of poly-(4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridiniumbromide) regarding typical oral bacteria as well as cytotoxicitiy to human cells considering different methods of connecting polymers to silicate-containing surfaces. The results revealed that the application of putative antibacterial and biocompatible polymer in coating strategies is affected by a variety of parameters. Published findings regarding reduced bacterial adhesion could not be verified using oral pathogens whereas hexylated polymers seem problematic for strong adhesion of soft tissue. Concerning innovative coatings for dental implants basic aspects (surface roughness, thickness, alkylation, combination with other polymers) have to be considered in further investigations.
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Frade JP, Arthington-Skaggs BA. Effect of serum and surface characteristics on Candida albicans biofilm formation. Mycoses 2010; 54:e154-62. [PMID: 20337936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Candida spp. biofilms can be established on a wide range of materials, including implanted medical devices, and can display a resistant phenotype to antifungal drugs. Several factors, including host and surface properties, may influence the establishment and the development of Candida albicans biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. We therefore selected a collection of C. albicans clinical isolates to evaluate the effect of surface and serum on biofilm attachment and development. Disc coupons from the CDC biofilm reactor were used in a well plate assay to study biofilm production on six different surfaces with or without the addition of serum: polycarbonate, polystyrene, stainless steel, Teflon, polyvinyl chloride or hydroxyapatite. Our results showed that serum increases in vitro C. albicans biofilm formation on a wide range of distinct surfaces including metallic and non-metallic materials, and that roughness and hydrophobicity can modulate C. albicans biofilm formation. These findings were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and it revealed the deposition of extracellular material on hyphae attached to a solid surface. Interestingly, adhesion can be significantly increased in the early stages of colonisation when serum is provided as a conditioning film in a surface-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Frade
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Food-borne Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Chia T, Goulter R, McMeekin T, Dykes G, Fegan N. Attachment of different Salmonella serovars to materials commonly used in a poultry processing plant. Food Microbiol 2009; 26:853-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hahn T, O’Sullivan CK, Drese KS. Microsystem for Field-Amplified Electrokinetic Trapping Preconcentration of DNA at Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Membranes. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2904-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hahn
- Fluidics and Simulation, Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Carl Zeiss Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Nanobiotechnology and Bioanalysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalan, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ciara K. O’Sullivan
- Fluidics and Simulation, Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Carl Zeiss Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Nanobiotechnology and Bioanalysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalan, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus S. Drese
- Fluidics and Simulation, Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, Carl Zeiss Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany, Nanobiotechnology and Bioanalysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalan, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain, and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Tatchou-Nyamsi-König JA, Dague E, Mullet M, Duval JFL, Gaboriaud F, Block JC. Adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni and Mycobacterium avium onto polyethylene terephtalate (PET) used for bottled waters. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:4751-4760. [PMID: 18929388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and Mycobacterium avium onto polyethylene terephtalate (PET), a polymer widely used within the bottled water industry was measured in two different groundwater solutions. From this, it was found that whilst the percentage cell adhesion for a given strain did not change between groundwater types, substantial variation was obtained between the two bacterial species tested: M. avium (10-30% adhered cells) and C. jejuni (1-2%) and no major variations were measured as a function of groundwater composition for a given strain. To explain this, the interfacial electro-hydrodynamic properties of the bacteria were investigated by microelectrophoresis, with the resultant data analysed on the basis of electrokinetic theory for soft biocolloidal particles. The results obtained showed that M. avium carries a significant volume charge density and that its peripheral layer exhibits limited hydrodynamic flow permeation compared to that of C. jejuni. It was also demonstrated that steric hindrance to flow penetration and the degree of hydrophobicity within/of the outer bacterial interface are larger for M. avium cells. In line with this, the larger amount of M. avium cells deposited onto PET substrates as compared to that of C. jejuni can be explained by hydrophobic attraction and chemical binding between hydrophobic PET and outer soft surface layer of the bacteria. Hydrophobicity of PET was addressed by combining contact angle analyses and force spectroscopy using CH(3)-terminated AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane-Aurore Tatchou-Nyamsi-König
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for the Environment, Nancy-University, CNRS, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, F-54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
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Butot S, Putallaz T, Croquet C, Lamothe G, Meyer R, Joosten H, Sánchez G. Attachment of enteric viruses to bottles. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5104-10. [PMID: 17586668 PMCID: PMC1950998 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00450-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Storage of water that was deliberately contaminated with enteric viruses in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles led to a rapid decrease of the apparent viral load, thereby hampering the development of samples for a collaborative evaluation of viral detection methods for bottled water. To determine if this decrease was due to spontaneous inactivation or to adhesion, an elution protocol was developed and combined with a rapid and sensitive real-time reverse transcription-PCR-based method to quantify adsorbed norovirus (NV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and rotavirus (RV) on bottle walls. The NV retention on PET bottle walls after 20 and 62 days reached an average level of 85% and 95% of the recovered inoculum, respectively. HAV and RV also showed adsorption onto PET bottles, reaching 90% and 80%, respectively, after 20 days of storage. NV and RV attachment was demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of autochthonous flora, whereas HAV adsorption was independent of it. Application of the elution and viral detection protocol to 294 commercially available water bottles obtained from 25 different countries did not give any positive result, thereby providing further evidence that the sources used for this product are free from enteric viruses and support for the theory that bottled water is not a vehicle for viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butot
- Quality & Safety Assurance Department, Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Chandra J, Patel JD, Li J, Zhou G, Mukherjee PK, McCormick TS, Anderson JM, Ghannoum MA. Modification of surface properties of biomaterials influences the ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 71:8795-801. [PMID: 16332875 PMCID: PMC1317330 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.12.8795-8801.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms form on indwelling medical devices (e.g., denture acrylic or intravenous catheters) and are associated with both oral and invasive candidiasis. Here, we determined whether surface modifications of polyetherurethane (Elasthane 80A [E80A]), polycarbonateurethane, and poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) can influence fungal biofilm formation. Polyurethanes were modified by adding 6% polyethylene oxide (6PEO), 6% fluorocarbon, or silicone, while the PET surface was modified to generate hydrophilic, hydrophobic, cationic, or anionic surfaces. Formation of biofilm was quantified by determining metabolic activity and total biomass (dry weight), while its architecture was analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The metabolic activity of biofilm formed by C. albicans on 6PEO-E80A was significantly reduced (by 78%) compared to that of biofilm formed on the nonmodified E80A (optical densities of 0.054 +/- 0.020 and 0.24 +/- 0.10, respectively; P = 0.037). The total biomass of Candida biofilm formed on 6PEO-E80A was 74% lower than that on the nonmodified E80A surface (0.46 +/- 0.15 versus 1.76 +/- 0.32 mg, respectively; P = 0.003). Fungal cells were easily detached from the 6PEO-E80A surface, and we were unable to detect C. albicans biofilm on this surface by CSLM. All other surface modifications allowed formation of C. albicans biofilm, with some differences in thearchitecture. Correlation between contact angle and biofilm formation was observed for polyetherurethane substrates (r = 0.88) but not for PET biomaterials (r = -0.40). This study illustrates that surface modification is a viable approach for identifying surfaces that have antibiofilm characteristics. Investigations into the clinical utility of the identified surfaces are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Chandra
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5028, USA
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Gassilloud B, Gantzer C. Adhesion-aggregation and inactivation of poliovirus 1 in groundwater stored in a hydrophobic container. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:912-20. [PMID: 15691948 PMCID: PMC546705 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.2.912-920.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral inactivation and adhesion-aggregation in water are often studied as separate phenomena. When the focus is placed on viral adhesion-aggregation, inactivation is neglected because the phenomena under investigation occur over a short period measured in days. When viral inactivation is studied, adhesion-aggregation phenomena are considered to be negligible because viral survival is traced over several days or months. In the present work, we took a global approach, examining the relative contributions of each of these processes in a complex system composed of groundwater, Poliovirus 1, and a hydrophobic container (polypropylene) maintained in a dark environment at 20 degrees C. We demonstrated that infectious viral load fell off 2.8 log(10) during the first 20 days. During this time, adhesion was far from negligible because it accounted for most of the decline, 1.5 log(10). Adhesion was undoubtedly favored by the presence of divalent ions in the groundwater. After 20 days, aggregation may also have been the cause of 0.66 to 0.92 log(10) of viral loss. Finally, viral inactivation was quantitatively the lowest phenomena because it only explained 0.38 to 0.64 log(10) of the viral loss. This study thus clearly demonstrated that estimates of viral survival in a given system must always take into account adhesion-aggregation phenomena which may be responsible for the majority of viral loss in the aqueous phase. Adhesion and aggregation are reversible processes which may lead to an underestimation of viral load in certain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Gassilloud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, UMR 7564 CNRS/Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy I, Faculté de pharmacie, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54001 Nancy, France
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Rickard AH, McBain AJ, Ledder RG, Handley PS, Gilbert P. Coaggregation between freshwater bacteria within biofilm and planktonic communities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 220:133-40. [PMID: 12644239 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coaggregation ability of bacteria isolated from a freshwater biofilm was compared to those derived from the coexisting planktonic population. Twenty-nine morphologically distinct bacterial strains were isolated from a 6-month-old biofilm, established in a glass tank under high-shear conditions, and 15 distinct strains were isolated from the associated re-circulating water. All 44 strains were identified to genus or species level by 16S rDNA sequencing. The 29 biofilm strains belonged to 14 genera and 23.4% of all the possible pair-wise combinations coaggregated. The 15 planktonic strains belonged to seven genera and only 5.8% of all the possible pair-wise combinations coaggregated. Therefore, compared to the planktonic population, a greater proportion of the biofilm strains coaggregated. It is proposed that coaggregation influences biofilm formation and species diversity in freshwater under high shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Rickard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University, Coupland III Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Chmielewski RAN, Frank JF. Biofilm Formation and Control in Food Processing Facilities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2003; 2:22-32. [PMID: 33451238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms on wet surfaces have the ability to aggregate, grow into microcolonies, and produce biofilm. Growth of biofilms in food processing environments leads to increased opportunity for microbial contamination of the processed product. These biofilms may contain spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms within biofilms are protected from sanitizers increasing the likelihood of survival and subsequent contamination of food. This increases the risk of reduced shelf life and disease transmission. Extracellular polymeric substances associated with biofilm that are not removed by cleaning provide attachment sites for microorganisms newly arrived to the cleaned system. Biofilm formation can also cause the impairment of heat transfer and corrosion to metal surfaces. Some of the methods used to control biofilm formation include mechanical and manual cleaning, chemical cleaning and sanitation, and application of hot water.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A N Chmielewski
- The authors are with the Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Direct inquiries to author Frank (E-mail: )
| | - J F Frank
- The authors are with the Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Direct inquiries to author Frank (E-mail: )
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Abstract
Natural mineral water originates from groundwater, an oligotrophic ecosystem where the level of organic matter is low and of a very limited bioavailability. The bacterial populations that evolve in these ecosystems are heterotrophic and in starvation-survival state resulting from an insufficient amount of nutrients; for this reason they enter a viable but non-culturable state. After bottling, the number of viable counts increases rapidly, attaining 10(4)-10(5) colony-forming units ml(-1) within 3-7 days. These bacterial communities, identified by culture or with specific probes, are primarily aerobic, saprophytic, Gram-negative rods. Groundwater sources for natural mineral waters are selected such that they are not vulnerable to fecal contamination. Ecological data, especially the diversity and physiological properties of bacterial communities, are essential together with epidemiological studies in order to perform a risk analysis for natural mineral waters. On a continuing basis, the management of microbial risks has to rely on assessment of the heterotrophic plate count and, more specially, on detection of marker organisms, i.e. the classic fecal contamination indicators that have to be absent, and vulnerability indicators for which the occurrence should be as low as possible. It is also recommended to search regularly, but not routinely, for viral and protozoan pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Leclerc
- Faculté de Médecine de Lille et Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
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