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Gaudreau A, Watson DW, Flannagan RS, Roy P, Shen C, Abdelmoneim A, Beavers WN, Gillies ER, El-Halfawy OM, Heinrichs DE. Mechanistic insights and in vivo efficacy of thiosemicarbazones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107689. [PMID: 39159815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant threat in both community and hospital settings due to its infective and pathogenic nature combined with its ability to resist the action of chemotherapeutic agents. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) represents a critical challenge. Metal-chelating thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) have shown promise in combating MRSA and while previous studies hinted at the antimicrobial potential of TSCs, their mechanisms of action against MRSA are still under investigation. We screened a chemical library for anti-staphylococcal compounds and identified a potent molecule named R91 that contained the NNSN structural motif found within TSCs. We identified that R91 and several structural analogs exhibited antimicrobial activity against numerous S. aureus isolates as well as other Gram-positive bacteria. RNAseq analysis revealed that R91 induces copper and oxidative stress responses. Checkerboard assays demonstrated synergy of R91 with copper, nickel, and zinc. Mutation of the SrrAB two-component regulatory system sensitizes S. aureus to R91 killing, further linking the oxidative stress response to R91 resistance. Moreover, R91 was found to induce hydrogen peroxide production, which contributed to its antimicrobial activity. Remarkably, no mutants with elevated R91 resistance were identified, despite extensive attempts. We further demonstrate that R91 can be used to effectively treat an intracellular reservoir of S. aureus in cell culture and can reduce bacterial burdens in a murine skin infection model. Combined, these data position R91 as a potent TSC effective against MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria, with implications for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Gaudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paroma Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chenfangfei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Recent Advancements in Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols by Biochemical Means. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a reservoir of phytochemicals, which are known to possess several beneficial health properties. Along with all the secondary metabolites, polyphenols have emerged as potential replacements for synthetic additives due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. However, controlling microbial growth using these preservatives requires very high doses of plant-derived compounds, which limits their use to only specific conditions. Their use at high concentrations leads to unavoidable changes in the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, the biochemical modification of natural preservatives can be a promising alternative to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived compounds/polyphenols. Amongst these modifications, low concentration of ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu (II), degradation products of ascorbic acid (DPAA), Maillard reaction products (MRPs), laccase–mediator (Lac–Med) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 systems standout. This review reveals the importance of plant polyphenols, their role as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of the biochemical methods and the ways these methods may be used in enhancing the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenols. Ultimately, this study may act as a base for the development of potent antimicrobial agents that may find their use in food applications.
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Kara K, Guclu BK, Senturk M, Eren M, Baytok E. Effects of catechin and copper or their combination in diet on productive performance, egg quality, egg shelf-life, plasma 8-OHdG concentrations and oxidative status in laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1891074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Berrin Kocaoglu Guclu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meryem Senturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meryem Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erol Baytok
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Hudecova L, Jomova K, Lauro P, Simunkova M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Moncol J, Valko M. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of bifunctional cooper(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCooper(ii) complexes represent a promising group of compounds with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In the present work, a series of Cu(ii) complexes containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tolfenamic acid, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid as their redox-cycling functionalities, and 1,10-phenanthroline as an intercalating component, has been studied. The antibacterial activities of all three complexes, [Cu(tolf-O,O′)2(phen)] (1), [Cu(mef-O,O′)2(phen)] (2) and [Cu(fluf-O,O′)2(phen)] (3), were tested against the prokaryotic model organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and their antifungal activities were evaluated towards the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The antibacterial activity of both strains has been compared with the antibiotic Neomycin. The calculated IC50 values revealed slight differences in the antibacterial activities of the complexes in the order 1 ∼ 3 > 2. The most profound growth inhibition of E. coli was observed, at its highest concentration, for the complex 1, which contains chlorine atoms in the ligand environment. The trend obtained from IC50 values is generally in agreement with the determined MIC values. Similarly, the complex 1 showed the greatest growth inhibition of the yeast S. cerevisiae and the overall antifungal activities of the Cu(ii) complexes were found to follow the order 1 > 3 ≫ 2. However, for complex 2, even at the highest concentration tested (150 μM), a 50% decrease in yeast growth was not achieved. It appears that the most potent antimicrobial and antifungal Cu(ii) complexes are those containing halogenated NSAIDs. The mechanisms by which Cu(ii) complexes cause antibacterial and antifungal activities can be understood on the basis of redox-cycling reactions between cupric and cuprous species which lead to the formation of free radicals. The higher efficacy of the Cu(ii) complexes against bacterial cells may be due to an absence of membrane-protected nuclear DNA, meaning that on entering a cell, they can interact directly with its DNA. Contrastingly, for the complexes to interact with the DNA in yeast cells, they must first penetrate through the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Moncol
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Chetan, Vijayalakshmi U. A systematic review of the interaction and effects generated by antimicrobial metallic substituents in bone tissue engineering. Metallomics 2020; 12:1458-1479. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes brought about by metal ions and metal nanoparticles within bacterial cells and the damage caused to the cellular membrane upon contact with negatively charged surface components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| | - Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
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Yan Y, Li C, Wu H, Du J, Feng J, Zhang J, Huang L, Tan S, Shi Q. Montmorillonite-Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Stabilizes Copper Nanoparticles and Enhances Bacterial Adsorption and Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1842-1849. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Yan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haoping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Du
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Langhuan Huang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaozao Tan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-Like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
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7
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Anwar H, Rana BC, Javed Y, Mustafa G, Ahmad MR, Jamil Y, Akhtar H. Effect of ZnO on Photocatalytic Degradation of Rh B and Its Inhibition Activity for C. coli Bacteria. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427218010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Holloway A, Mueller-Harvey I, Gould S, Fielder M, Naughton D, Kelly A. Heat treatment enhances the antimicrobial activity of (+)-Catechin when combined with copper sulphate. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Holloway
- School of Life Sciences; Kingston University; London UK
| | - I. Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S.W.J. Gould
- School of Life Sciences; Kingston University; London UK
| | - M.D. Fielder
- School of Life Sciences; Kingston University; London UK
| | - D.P. Naughton
- School of Life Sciences; Kingston University; London UK
| | - A.F. Kelly
- School of Life Sciences; Kingston University; London UK
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9
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Khodashenas B. The Influential Factors on Antibacterial Behaviour of Copper and Silver Nanoparticles. INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEER 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2015.1026950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Johns PW, Das A, Kuil EM, Jacobs WA, Schimpf KJ, Schmitz DJ. Cocoa polyphenols accelerate vitamin B12 degradation in heated chocolate milk. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Johns
- Abbott Nutrition Division; Abbott Laboratories; 3300 Stelzer Road Columbus OH 43219 USA
| | - Ananya Das
- Barclays Investment Bank; 190 South La Salle Street Chicago IL 60603 USA
| | - Esther M. Kuil
- Abbott Nutrition Division; Abbott Laboratories; Rieteweg 21 8041 AJ Zwolle The Netherlands
| | - Wesley A. Jacobs
- Abbott Nutrition Division; Abbott Laboratories; 3300 Stelzer Road Columbus OH 43219 USA
| | - Karen J. Schimpf
- Abbott Nutrition Division; Abbott Laboratories; 3300 Stelzer Road Columbus OH 43219 USA
| | - Daniel J. Schmitz
- Abbott Nutrition Division; Abbott Laboratories; 3300 Stelzer Road Columbus OH 43219 USA
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11
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Chudzik B, Tracz IB, Czernel G, Fiołka MJ, Borsuk G, Gagoś M. Amphotericin B-copper(II) complex as a potential agent with higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:850-7. [PMID: 23791641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus used for more than 50 years in the treatment of acute systemic fungal infections. It exhibits a broad spectrum of activity against fungal and protozoan pathogens with relatively rare resistance. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the utility of the AmB-Cu(2+) complex as a potential compound with a high fungicidal activity at lower concentrations, compared with conventional AmB. It was hypothesized that insertion of copper ions into fungal cell membranes, together with the AmB-Cu(2+) complex bypassing the natural homeostatic mechanisms of this element, may contribute to the increased fungicidal activity of AmB. The analysis of results indicates the increased antifungal activity of the AmB-Cu(2+) complex against Candida albicans in comparison with the pure AmB and Fungizone. Additionally, it was stated that the increased antifungal activity of the AmB-Cu(2+) complex is not the sum of the toxic effects of AmB and Cu(2+) ions, but is a result of the unique structure of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chudzik
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Holloway AC, Mueller-Harvey I, Gould SWJ, Fielder MD, Naughton DP, Kelly AF. The effect of copper(II), iron(II) sulphate, and vitamin C combinations on the weak antimicrobial activity of (+)-catechin against Staphylococcus aureus and other microbes. Metallomics 2012; 4:1280-6. [PMID: 23138340 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Few attempts have been made to improve the activity of plant compounds with low antimicrobial efficacy. (+)-Catechin, a weak antimicrobial tea flavanol, was combined with putative adjuncts and tested against different species of bacteria. Copper(II) sulphate enhanced (+)-catechin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis or Escherichia coli. Attempts to raise the activity of (+)-catechin against two unresponsive species, S. aureus and E. coli, with iron(II) sulphate, iron(III) chloride, and vitamin C, showed that iron(II) enhanced (+)-catechin against S. aureus, but not E. coli; neither iron(III) nor combined iron(II) and copper(II), enhanced (+)-catechin activity against either species. Vitamin C enhanced copper(II) containing combinations against both species in the absence of iron(II). Catalase or EDTA added to active samples removed viability effects suggesting that active mixtures had produced H(2)O(2)via the action of added metal(II) ions. H(2)O(2) generation by (+)-catechin plus copper(II) mixtures and copper(II) alone could account for the principal effect of bacterial growth inhibition following 30 minute exposures as well as the antimicrobial effect of (+)-catechin-iron(II) against S. aureus. These novel findings about a weak antimicrobial flavanol contrast with previous knowledge of more active flavanols with transition metal combinations. Weak antimicrobial compounds like (+)-catechin within enhancement mixtures may therefore be used as efficacious agents. (+)-Catechin may provide a means of lowering copper(II) or iron(II) contents in certain crop protection and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Holloway
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK
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Pu F, Liu X, Xu B, Ren J, Qu X. Miniaturization of Metal-Biomolecule Frameworks Based on Stereoselective Self-Assembly and Potential Application in Water Treatment and as Antibacterial Agents. Chemistry 2012; 18:4322-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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QIAO G, SU J, HE M. Effect of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate on electrochemical behavior and surface film composition of Co-Cr alloy used in dental restorations. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:564-74. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Holloway AC, Gould SWJ, Fielder MD, Naughton DP, Kelly AF. Enhancement of antimicrobial activities of whole and sub-fractionated white tea by addition of copper (II) sulphate and vitamin C against Staphylococcus aureus; a mechanistic approach. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 11:115. [PMID: 22093997 PMCID: PMC3239241 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancement of antimicrobial plant products e.g. pomegranate extract by copper (II) sulphate is known. Such combinations have applications in various settings, including the identification of novel compositions to study, treat and control infection. METHODS A combination of white tea (WT) (made allowing 10 minutes infusion time at 100°C) was combined with 4.8 mM copper (II) sulphate and tested for antimicrobial effect on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 06571. Comparisons were made with green (GT) and black (BT) teas. A WT sub-fraction (WTF < 1000 Da) was tested with copper (II) sulphate and 4.8 mM vitamin C. pH measurements of samples were taken for controls and to observe any changes due to tea/agent interaction. Catalase was used to investigate hydrogen peroxide release. UV-vis. was used to compare WT and WTF. RESULTS A 30 minute incubation at room temperature of copper (II) sulphate alone and combined with WT reduced the viability of S. aureus NCTC 06571 by c.a 1 log10 cfu mL-1. GT and BT with copper (II) sulphate negated activity to buffer values. Combined with copper (II) sulphate, vitamin C, WTF and, vitamin C plus WTF all reduced the viability of S. aureus NCTC 06571 by c.a. 3.5 log10 cfu mL-1. Independent experiments showed the results were not due to pH effects. Adding WT or WTF to copper (II) sulphate resulted in increased acidity. Copper (II) sulphate alone and combined with WT required c.a 300 μg mL-1 (final concentration) catalase to restore S. aureus viability, WTF with copper (II) sulphate and added vitamin C required c.a 600 μg mL-1. WT and WTF UV-visible spectra were similar. CONCLUSIONS WT showed no efficacy in the combinations tested. WTF was enhanced with copper (II) sulphate and further with vitamin C. WT and WTF increased acidity of copper (II) sulphate possibly via the formation of chemical complexes. The difference in WT/WTF absorbance possibly represented substances less concentrated or absent in WTF. Investigations to establish which WTF component/s and in what proportions additives are most effective against target organisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Holloway
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Simon WJ Gould
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Mark D Fielder
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Declan P Naughton
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Alison F Kelly
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, London KT1 2EE, UK
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Raffi M, Mehrwan S, Bhatti TM, Akhter JI, Hameed A, Yawar W, ul Hasan MM. Investigations into the antibacterial behavior of copper nanoparticles against Escherichia coli. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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García-de Los Santos A, López E, Cubillas CA, Noel KD, Brom S, Romero D. Requirement of a plasmid-encoded catalase for survival of Rhizobium etli CFN42 in a polyphenol-rich environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:2398-403. [PMID: 18310436 PMCID: PMC2293148 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02457-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively called rhizobia are adapted to live in polyphenol-rich environments. The mechanisms that allow these bacteria to overcome toxic concentrations of plant polyphenols have not been clearly elucidated. We used a crude extract of polyphenols released from the seed coat of the black bean to simulate a polyphenol-rich environment and analyze the response of the bean-nodulating strain Rhizobium etli CFN42. Our results showed that the viability of the wild type as well as that of derivative strains cured of plasmids p42a, p42b, p42c, and p42d or lacking 200 kb of plasmid p42e was not affected in this environment. In contrast, survival of the mutant lacking plasmid p42f was severely diminished. Complementation analysis revealed that the katG gene located on this plasmid, encoding the only catalase present in this bacterium, restored full resistance to testa polyphenols. Our results indicate that oxidation of polyphenols due to interaction with bacterial cells results in the production of a high quantity of H(2)O(2), whose removal by the katG-encoded catalase plays a key role for cell survival in a polyphenol-rich environment.
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Subramanian M, Chander R, Krishna M, Chattopadhyay S. Involvement of cytoplasmic membrane damage in the copper (II)-dependent cytotoxicity of a novel naturally occurring tripyrrole. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1770:143-9. [PMID: 17113233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a nonlethal concentration of Cu(II), washed Escherichia coli ATCC8739 cells were killed by a novel tripyrrole 1, isolated as a red pigment from the Serratia sp. Cell killing was accompanied by a depletion in the potassium pools of the cells due to the damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, without any detectable DNA damage as revealed by the transformed plasmid DNA and phage induction assay. This revealed that the bactericidal activity of compound 1 in the presence of Cu(II) results from membrane damage. Induction of endogenous catalase in the E. coli cells increased their resistance against the combination of compound 1 and Cu(II). Although compound 1 alone generated large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it did not show any cell killing against E. coli in the absence of Cu(II). The Cu(II)-dependent bactericidal activity of compound 1 was suppressed by ethylenediaminetetraacetate, bathocuproine, catalase and superoxide disumutase (SOD), but not by dimethyl sulfoxide. These findings suggest that recycling redox reactions between Cu(II) and Cu(I), involving compound 1 and hydrogen peroxide on the cell surface, must be important in the mechanism of the killing. Compound 1 alone showed selective bactericidal activity against the gram positive bacterium, Bacillus cereus ATCC 6630, possibly due to its differential cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Subramanian
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Smith AH, Imlay JA, Mackie RI. Increasing the oxidative stress response allows Escherichia coli to overcome inhibitory effects of condensed tannins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3406-11. [PMID: 12788743 PMCID: PMC161476 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.6.3406-3411.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial effects. The mechanism of tannin toxicity towards Escherichia coli was determined by using an extract from Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle) as a source of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). E. coli growth was inhibited by tannins only when tannins were exposed to oxygen. Tannins auto-oxidize, and substantial hydrogen peroxide was generated when they were added to aerobic media. The addition of exogenous catalase permitted growth in tannin medium. E. coli mutants that lacked HPI, the major catalase, were especially sensitive to tannins, while oxyR mutants that constitutively overexpress antioxidant enzymes were resistant. A tannin-resistant mutant was isolated in which a promoter-region point mutation increased the level of HPI by 10-fold. Our results indicate that wattle condensed tannins are toxic to E. coli in aerobic medium primarily because they generate H(2)O(2). The oxidative stress response helps E. coli strains to overcome their inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Denyer S, Maillard JY. Cellular impermeability and uptake of biocides and antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.19.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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