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Rossler E, Signorini ML, Romero‐Scharpen A, Soto LP, Berisvil A, Zimmermann JA, Fusari ML, Olivero C, Zbrun MV, Frizzo LS. Meta‐analysis of the prevalence of thermotolerant
Campylobacter
in food‐producing animals worldwide. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:359-369. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rossler
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
| | - Marcelo L. Signorini
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University Esperanza Argentina
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela National Council of Scientific and Technical Research Rafaela Argentina
| | - Analía Romero‐Scharpen
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
| | - Lorena P. Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University Esperanza Argentina
| | - Ayelén Berisvil
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
| | - Marcia L. Fusari
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University Esperanza Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
| | - María V. Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University Esperanza Argentina
| | - Laureano S. Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral) National University of the Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET) Esperanza Argentina
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Science – Litoral National University Esperanza Argentina
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Ramachandran N, Ramlal S, Batra HV. Confirmed identification and toxin profiling of Campylobacter jejuni using a thermostabilized multiplex PCR formulation. APMIS 2017; 125:641-649. [PMID: 28574617 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) producing Campylobacter jejuni species are one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. The main intent of the study was to develop a multiplex PCR assay for the confirmed identification and toxin profiling of C. jejuni. The genes targeted were rpo B as genus specific, hip O for species; cdt A, cdt B, cdt C encoding respective subunit proteins of CDT with Internal Amplification Control (IAC). To enhance its application as a pre-mixed ready-to-use format, the master mix of developed mPCR was dried by lyophilization and stability was assessed. Thermostabilized reagents showed stability of 1.5 months at room-temperature and upto six months at 4 °C without any loss of functionality. The assay was evaluated on a number of presumptive Campylobacter isolates along with biochemical tests. Results obtained indicated the accurate identification of C. jejuni by developed mPCR format in contrast to misconception associated with biochemical assays. The assay was also tested on spiked samples for its real-time utility. Altogether, the room-temperature storable and ready-to- use mPCR format developed in this study could be preferred for rapid detection and confirmed identification of toxigenic strains of C. jejuni in place of conventional biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Ramachandran
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shylaja Ramlal
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsh Vardhan Batra
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Ayaz ND. Comparison of hipO and ceuE Gene Based PCR Assays for the Detection of Campylobacter Jejuni. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17352/jcmbt.000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abdi A, Harzandi N, Kalantar E. Comparative Study of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Children With Gastroenteritis in Bahonar Hospital, Karaj, Using PCR and RFLP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep33867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ahmed HA, El Hofy FI, Ammar AM, Abd El Tawab AA, Hefny AA. ERIC-PCR Genotyping of Some Campylobacter jejuni Isolates of Chicken and Human Origin in Egypt. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:713-7. [PMID: 26579615 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The public health importance of the genus Campylobacter is attributed to several species causing diarrhea in consumers. Poultry and their meat are considered the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, 287 samples from chicken (131 cloacal swabs, 39 chicken skin, 78 chicken meat, and 39 cecal parts) obtained from retail outlets as well as 246 stool swabs from gastroenteritis patients were examined. A representative number of the biochemically identified Campylobacter jejuni isolates were identified by real-time PCR, confirming the identification of the isolates as C. jejuni. Genotyping of the examined isolates (n = 31) by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) revealed a high discriminatory index of ERIC-PCR (D = 0.948), dividing C. jejuni isolates of chicken and human origins into 18 profiles and four clusters. The 18 profiles obtained indicated the heterogeneity of C. jejuni. Dendrogram analysis showed that four clusters were generated; all human isolates fell into clusters I and III. These observations further support the existence of a genetic relationship between human and poultry isolates examined in the present study. In conclusion, the results obtained support the speculation that poultry and poultry meat have an important role as sources of infection in the acquisition of Campylobacter infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- 1 Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma I El Hofy
- 2 Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University , Banha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ammar
- 3 Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Abd El Tawab
- 2 Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University , Banha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hefny
- 4 Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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Wagley S, Newcombe J, Laing E, Yusuf E, Sambles CM, Studholme DJ, La Ragione RM, Titball RW, Champion OL. Differences in carbon source utilisation distinguish Campylobacter jejuni from Campylobacter coli. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:262. [PMID: 25348335 PMCID: PMC4219013 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are human intestinal pathogens that are the most frequent causes of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans in the UK. In this study, we aimed to characterise the metabolic diversity of both C. jejuni and C. coli using a diverse panel of clinical strains isolated from the UK, Pakistan and Thailand, thereby representing both the developed and developing world. Our aim was to apply multi genome analysis and Biolog phenotyping to determine differences in carbon source utilisation by C. jejuni and C. coli strains. Results We have identified a core set of carbon sources (utilised by all strains tested) and a set that are differentially utilised for a diverse panel of thirteen C. jejuni and two C. coli strains. This study used multi genome analysis to show that propionic acid is utilised only by C. coli strains tested. A broader PCR screen of 16 C. coli strains and 42 C. jejuni confirmed the absence of the genes needed for propanoate metabolism. Conclusions From our analysis we have identified a phenotypic method and two genotypic methods based on propionic utilisation that might be applicable for distinguishing between C. jejuni and C. coli. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0262-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Jane Newcombe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Emma Laing
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Yusuf
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Christine M Sambles
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - David J Studholme
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK. .,Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Richard W Titball
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Olivia L Champion
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Zhang MJ, Qiao B, Xu XB, Zhang JZ. Development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction method for Campylobacter jejuni detection. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3090-3095. [PMID: 23716989 PMCID: PMC3662949 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect and quantify Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) from stool specimens.
METHODS: Primers and a probe for real-time PCR were designed based on the specific DNA sequence of the hipO gene in C. jejuni. The specificity of the primers and probe were tested against a set of Campylobacter spp. and other enteric pathogens. The optimal PCR conditions were determined by testing a series of conditions with standard a C. jejuni template. The detection limits were obtained using purified DNA from bacterial culture and extracted DNA from the stool specimen. Two hundred and forty-two specimens were analyzed for the presence of C. jejuni by direct bacterial culture and real-time PCR.
RESULTS: The optimal PCR system was determined using reference DNA templates, 1 × uracil-DNA glycosylase, 3.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 1.25 U platinum Taq polymerase, 0.4 mmol/L PCR nucleotide mix, 0.48 μmol/L of each primer, 0.2 μmol/L of probe and 2 μL of DNA template in a final volume of 25 μL. The PCR reaction was carried as follows: 95 °C for 4 min, followed by 45 cycles of 10 s at 95 °C and 30 s at 59 °C. The detection limit was 4.3 CFU/mL using purified DNA from bacterial culture and 103 CFU/g using DNA from stool specimens. Twenty (8.3%, 20/242) C. jejuni strains were isolated from bacterial culture, while 41 (16.9%, 41/242) samples were found to be positive by real-time PCR. DNA sequencing of the PCR product indicated the presence of C. jejuni in the specimen. One mixed infection of C. jejuni and Salmonella was detected in one specimen and the PCR test for this specimen was positive.
CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of detection of C. jejuni from stool specimens was much higher using this PCR assay than using the direct culture method.
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Melero B, Cocolin L, Rantsiou K, Jaime I, Rovira J. Comparison between conventional and qPCR methods for enumerating Campylobacter jejuni in a poultry processing plant. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1353-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leblanc-Maridor M, Beaudeau F, Seegers H, Denis M, Belloc C. Rapid identification and quantification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by real-time PCR in pure cultures and in complex samples. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:113. [PMID: 21600037 PMCID: PMC3123193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli), are recognized as the leading human foodborne pathogens in developed countries. Livestock animals carrying Campylobacter pose an important risk for human contamination. Pigs are known to be frequently colonized with Campylobacter, especially C. coli, and to excrete high numbers of this pathogen in their faeces. Molecular tools, notably real-time PCR, provide an effective, rapid, and sensitive alternative to culture-based methods for the detection of C. coli and C. jejuni in various substrates. In order to serve as a diagnostic tool supporting Campylobacter epidemiology, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method for species-specific detection and quantification of C. coli and C. jejuni directly in faecal, feed, and environmental samples. Results With a sensitivity of 10 genome copies and a linear range of seven to eight orders of magnitude, the C. coli and C. jejuni real-time PCR assays allowed a precise quantification of purified DNA from C. coli and C. jejuni. The assays were highly specific and showed a 6-log-linear dynamic range of quantification with a quantitative detection limit of approximately 2.5 × 102 CFU/g of faeces, 1.3 × 102 CFU/g of feed, and 1.0 × 103 CFU/m2 for the environmental samples. Compared to the results obtained by culture, both C. coli and C. jejuni real-time PCR assays exhibited a specificity of 96.2% with a kappa of 0.94 and 0.89 respectively. For faecal samples of experimentally infected pigs, the coefficients of correlation between the C. coli or C. jejuni real-time PCR assay and culture enumeration were R2 = 0.90 and R2 = 0.93 respectively. Conclusion The C. coli and C. jejuni real-time quantitative PCR assays developed in this study provide a method capable of directly detecting and quantifying C. coli and C. jejuni in faeces, feed, and environmental samples. These assays represent a new diagnostic tool for studying the epidemiology of Campylobacter by, for instance, investigating the carriage and excretion of C. coli and C. jejuni by pigs from conventional herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mily Leblanc-Maridor
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, UMR 1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse des Risques, Nantes F-44307, France.
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Detection, isolation, and characterization of helicobacter species from the gastrointestinal tract of the brushtail possum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1581-7. [PMID: 21216901 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01960-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Helicobacter species in Australian marsupials was examined systematically using microscopy, culture, and PCR in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and in the liver of brushtail possums (BTPs) (Trichosurus vulpecula), a common Australian marsupial that feeds on eucalyptus leaves. The spatial distribution of Helicobacter species in the GIT sections also was examined microscopically in silver-stained sections and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using a Helicobacter genus-specific probe. Helicobacter species were found colonizing the lower bowel of all BTPs studied. Good agreement was observed between the detection of Helicobacter species using culture and PCR, which was supported by the microscopic examination of silver-stained sections and FISH. The lower bowel of BTPs were colonized by one to three morphologically different (a comma-shaped species with no apparent flagella, a fusiform-shaped species entwined with periplasmic fibers and a bipolar sheathed flagella, and an S-shaped species with bipolar sheathed flagella) and potentially novel Helicobacter species, as well as in one case with a potentially novel Campylobacter species, which was a tightly coiled rod with bipolar unsheathed flagella. The isolation and characterization of these Helicobacter species in BTPs provides important information regarding the specific natural niche of these bacteria and their corelationship within their host, and it increases our understanding of the ecology of Helicobacter species.
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Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Deception Island, Antarctica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6013-6. [PMID: 20639356 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00316-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Campylobacter spp. was investigated in 41 Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and 9 Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) at Deception Island, Antarctica. Infections were encountered in six Antarctic fur seals. The isolates, the first reported from marine mammals in the Antarctic region, were identified as Campylobacter insulaenigrae and Campylobacter lari.
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WISESSOMBAT SUEPTRAKOOL, INTHAGARD JITWADEE, KITTINIYOM KANOKWAN, SRIMANOTE POTJANEE, WONGLUMSOM WIJIT, VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI SUPAYANGPIYAWAN. MULTIPLEX PCR FOR DIRECT IDENTIFICATION OF THERMOPHILICCAMPYLOBACTER,C. JEJUNI,C. COLI,C. LARIANDC. UPSALIENSISAND SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OFCDTBGENE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2009.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moran L, Scates P, Madden RH. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in raw retail poultry on sale in Northern Ireland. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1830-5. [PMID: 19777882 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.9.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A year-long survey of fresh, retail poultry products on sale in Northern Ireland was undertaken to define the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. by using protocols based on ISO (standard) 10272-1:2006. Incubation at 37 and 42 degrees C was undertaken to increase the diversity of isolates obtained. Overall, 652 isolates were identified as Campylobacter spp. by using PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphic typing. Phenotyping wrongly identified 21% of isolates. Prevalences of Campylobacter found were chicken, 91% (n = 336); turkey, 56% (n = 77); and duck, 100% (n = 17). Prevalence rates for chicken produced in Northern Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales were similar, with a mean value of 91%. The prevalences in product from the latter two countries were much higher than were found in two United Kingdom-wide surveys of chicken. The incubation temperature did not affect the relative proportions of the species isolated (P > 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni composed 64.6% of isolates, Campylobacter coli, 27.4%, and Campylobacter lari, 1%. Most cases of human campylobacteriosis are caused by C. jejuni and C. coli. The overall Campylobacter prevalence results are consistent with Northern Ireland surveys undertaken since 2000, and indicate that United Kingdom strategies to control Campylobacter in chicken have not had a significant effecton the prevalence of this pathogen in retail products on sale in Northern Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Moran
- Food Microbiology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
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Acke E, McGill K, Golden O, Jones BR, Fanning S, Whyte P. A comparison of different culture methods for the recovery of Campylobacter species from pets. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56:490-5. [PMID: 19243565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five culture methods for the recovery of Campylobacter species (spp.) were evaluated on 361 rectal swabs collected from cats and dogs in Ireland. Speciation using PCR methods was performed on all isolates to assess the sensitivity of each culture method for isolation of Campylobacter spp., and to establish the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. lari and C. helveticus. Overall 163 of 361 (45.2%) samples were confirmed Campylobacter spp. positive. Direct plating onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) with cefoperazone, amphotericin and teicoplanin (CAT) selective supplement yielded a significantly higher prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (33.0%) than each of the other four methods (P < or = 0.05). This method was also the most sensitive method for isolation of C. upsaliensis compared with any of the other four methods used in the current study (P < or = 0.05). A direct plating method onto mCCDA agar with CCDA selective supplement and a filtration method onto blood agar after pre-enrichment in CAT supplemented broth yielded lower Campylobacter spp. prevalences of 19.7% and 17.5% respectively. A filtration method onto CAT agar and pre-enrichment in Preston broth before plating onto mCCDA agar were less sensitive for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. Speciation results of Campylobacter isolates revealed the majority of Campylobacter isolates were C. upsaliensis (50.0%) and C. jejuni (41.9%). A small number of isolates were C. coli (2.6%), C. lari (1.5%) and C. helveticus (1.1%). The overall detection of Campylobacter spp. in the 361 pets sampled was significantly increased by using a combination of isolation methods (P < or = 0.05), producing a more accurate determination of the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in pets in Ireland and of the actual Campylobacter species. As the majority of Campylobacter spp. were recovered by direct plating onto mCCDA agar with CAT supplement, this method is the method of choice if only a single method is selected for isolation of the most common Campylobacter spp. detected in pets and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Acke
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Acke E, McGill K, Golden O, Jones BR, Fanning S, Whyte P. Prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter
species in household cats and dogs in Ireland. Vet Rec 2009; 164:44-7. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Acke
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory
| | - K. McGill
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory
| | | | - B. R. Jones
- Small Animal Clinical Studies; School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - S. Fanning
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory
| | - P. Whyte
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory
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The detection of hipO gene by real-time PCR in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. with very weak and negative reaction of hippurate hydrolysis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:527-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nakari UM, Puhakka A, Siitonen A. Correct identification and discrimination between Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by a standardized hippurate test and species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:513-8. [PMID: 18317822 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U-M Nakari
- National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland
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Khan I, Edge T. Development of a novel triplex PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of thermophilic species of Campylobacter using 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:2561-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stoddard RA, Miller WG, Foley JE, Lawrence J, Gulland FMD, Conrad PA, Byrne BA. Campylobacter insulaenigrae isolates from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1729-35. [PMID: 17259365 PMCID: PMC1828825 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01816-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are only two reports in the literature demonstrating the presence of Campylobacter spp. in marine mammals. One report describes the isolation of a new species, Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., from three harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Scotland, and the other describes the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari, and an unknown Campylobacter species from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California. In this study, 72 presumptive C. lari and unknown Campylobacter species strains were characterized using standard phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Phenotypic characterization of these isolates showed them to be variable in their ability to grow either at 42 degrees C or on agar containing 1% glycine and in their sensitivity to nalidixic acid and cephalothin. Based on both 16S rRNA PCR and MLST, all but 1 of the 72 isolates were C. insulaenigrae, with one isolate being similar to but distinct from both Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter helveticus. Phylogenetic analysis identified two C. insulaenigrae clades: the primary clade, containing exclusively California strains, and a secondary clade, containing some California strains and all of the original Scottish strains. This study demonstrates the inability of phenotypic characterization to correctly identify all Campylobacter species and emphasizes the importance of molecular characterization via 16S rRNA sequence analysis or MLST for the identification of Campylobacter isolates from marine mammals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- California
- Campylobacter/classification
- Campylobacter/genetics
- Campylobacter/isolation & purification
- Campylobacter/physiology
- Cephalothin/pharmacology
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Hot Temperature
- Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Seals, Earless/microbiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Stoddard
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Marine Mammal Center, Marin Headlands, 1065 Fort Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
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20
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Niwa H, Asai Y, Yamai S, Itoh K. Discrimination between <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> Using a Macrolide and Quinolone Line Probe Assay (MQ-LiPA). Biosci Microflora 2007. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.26.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Niwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshio Asai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory
| | - Shiro Yamai
- Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory
| | - Kikuji Itoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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21
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González A, Moreno Y, González R, Hernández J, Ferrús MA. Development of a simple and rapid method based on polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate Helicobacter, Campylobacter, and Arcobacter species. Curr Microbiol 2006; 53:416-21. [PMID: 17066337 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of amplified DNA fragment of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was performed on 35 Helicobacter, 24 Campylobacter, and 15 Arcobacter strains. PCR amplification generated a 1004-bp fragment of 16S rDNA and a 2.6-Kbp fragment of 23S rDNA from each strain. The amplicons were digested with DdeI and HpaII, respectively. For both assays, distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. 23S rDNA PCR-RFLP analysis with HpaII enzyme identified Campylobacter and Helicobacter strains at the species level. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene with DdeI enzyme was not useful for the specific identification of Campylobacter and Arcobacter, although it discriminated among Helicobacter species. The PCR-RFLP technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with only one restriction enzyme; therefore it can be a simple, rapid, and useful method for routine identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Vilardo MDCB, Thomé JDDS, Esteves WTC, Filgueiras ALL, de Oliveira SS. Application of biochemical and polymerase chain reaction assays for identification of Campylobacter isolates from non-human primates. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:499-501. [PMID: 17072452 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed on 167 thermophilic campylobacters isolated from non-human primates. Samples were first identified by phenotypic methods resulting in 64 Campylobacter jejuni and 103 C. coli strains. Four strains identified biochemically as C. coli, were then determined to be C. jejuni by PCR. Comparison of methodologies showed that the main discrepancies were attributed to the hippurate hydrolysis test and sensitivity to cephalothin and nalidixic acid. Analysis of data showed that the application of phenotypic methods should be supplemented by a molecular method to offer a more reliable Campylobacter identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica de Castro Britto Vilardo
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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23
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Malakauskas M, Jorgensen K, Nielsen EM, Ojeniyi B, Olsen JE. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from a pig slaughterhouse and analysis of cross-contamination. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 108:295-300. [PMID: 16556467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 10/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and possible contamination routes of Campylobacter spp. in a pig slaughterhouse. Swab samples were taken from the last part of rectum, from the carcasses surface before meat inspection and from slaughter line surface from 4 different pig herds during slaughtering. Identification of Campylobacter isolates was determined by the use of phase-contrast microscopy, hippurate hydrolysis, indoxyl acetate hydrolysis tests and PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing using two macro-restriction enzymes SmaI and SalI was applied to in-slaughterhouse contamination analysis of pig carcasses. The study showed that 28 (63.6%) of the 44 samples collected at slaughterhouse were contaminated by Campylobacter spp. Up to 5 different colonies were obtained from each swab sample and a total of 120 different isolates were collected. 23.4% (28 of 120) isolates were identified as C. jejuni (19 from carcasses and 9 from slaughter line surfaces) and 76.6% (92 of 120) isolates as C. coli (28 from faeces, 47 from carcasses and 17 from slaughter line surfaces). The typing results showed identity between isolates from successive flocks, different carcasses, and places in the slaughterhouse in contact with carcasses. The results suggest that cross-contamination originated in the gastro-intestinal tract of the slaughtered pigs and that cross-contamination happened during the slaughter process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Animal Hygiene, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Tilzes str. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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24
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Kos VN, Gibreel A, Keelan M, Taylor DE. Species identification of erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter isolates and optimization of a duplex PCR for rapid detection. Res Microbiol 2006; 157:503-7. [PMID: 16500085 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the approach used to verify the species identity of 23 erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter isolates whose identity was initially determined based mainly on the results of the rapid hippurate hydrolysis test or the results of the API-Campy identification system. Species identification of the isolates investigated was confirmed by repeating hippurate hydrolysis using a modification of the rapid hydrolysis test, in addition to performing three genetic-based assays. The original identification was verified in 69.6% of the isolates. The remaining isolates showed discrepancies in identity as determined by results of the identification assays performed. A duplex PCR assay, targeting the hipO and aspA genes, indicated the existence of mixed cultures of C. jejuni and C. coli in the frozen stocks of two of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica N Kos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1-41 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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25
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Jensen AN, Andersen MT, Dalsgaard A, Baggesen DL, Nielsen EM. Development of real-time PCR and hybridization methods for detection and identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in pig faecal samples. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:292-300. [PMID: 16033460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a real-time (rt) PCR for species differentiation of thermophilic Campylobacter and to develop a method for assessing co-colonization of pigs by Campylobacter spp. METHODS AND RESULTS The specificity of a developed 5' nuclease rt-PCR for species-specific identification of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter upsaliensis and of a hipO gene nucleotide probe for detection of C. jejuni by colony-blot hybridization were determined by testing a total of 75 reference strains of Campylobacter spp. and related organisms. The rt-PCR method allowed species-specific detection of Campylobacter spp. in naturally infected pig faecal samples after an enrichment step, whereas the hybridization approach enhanced the specific isolation of C. jejuni (present in minority to C. coli) from pigs. CONCLUSIONS The rt-PCR was specific for Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis and the colony-blot hybridization approach provided an effective tool for isolation of C. jejuni from pig faecal samples typically dominated by C. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Species differentiation between thermophilic Campylobacter is difficult by phenotypic methods and the developed rt-PCR provides an easy and fast method for such differentiation. Detection of C. jejuni by colony hybridization may increase the isolation rate of this species from pig faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Jensen
- Department of Microbiological Food Safety, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Siemer BL, Nielsen EM, On SLW. Identification and molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter coli isolates from human gastroenteritis, food, and animal sources by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and Penner serotyping. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1953-8. [PMID: 15812025 PMCID: PMC1082514 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1953-1958.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter coli is an infrequently studied but important food-borne pathogen with a wide natural distribution. We investigated its molecular epidemiology by use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based genotyping and Penner serotyping. Serotype reference strains and 177 Danish isolates of diverse origin identified by routine phenotyping as C. coli were examined. Molecular tools identified some 12% of field isolates as Campylobacter jejuni, emphasizing the need for improved identification methods in routine laboratories. Cluster analysis of AFLP profiles of 174 confirmed C. coli isolates revealed a difference in the distribution of isolates from pig and poultry (chicken, duck, turkey, and ostrich) species and indicated the various poultry species, but not pigs, to be likely sources of human C. coli infection. A poor correlation was observed between serotyping and AFLP profiling, suggesting that the former method has limited value in epidemiological studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Siemer
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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27
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Ciantar M, Newman HN, Wilson M, Spratt DA. Molecular identification of Capnocytophaga spp. via 16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1894-901. [PMID: 15815015 PMCID: PMC1081330 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.4.1894-1901.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga spp. have been implicated as putative periodontal pathogens associated with various periodontal diseases. Although the genus is known to contain five human oral isolates, accurate identification to species level of these organisms recovered from subgingival plaque has been hampered by the lack of a reliable method. Hence, most studies to date have reported these isolates as Capnocytophaga spp. Previous attempts at identification were based on biochemical tests; however, the results were inconclusive. Considering the differing virulence features of the respective isolates, it is crucial to identify these isolates to species level. The universal and conservative nature of the 16S rRNA gene has provided an accurate method for bacterial identification. The aim of this study was to identify Capnocytophaga spp. via restriction enzyme analysis of this gene (16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). The results (backed up by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) showed that this method reliably identifies all named Capnocytophaga spp. to species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Ciantar
- Division of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, UCL, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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28
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Lehtola MJ, Loades CJ, Keevil CW. Advantages of peptide nucleic acid oligonucleotides for sensitive site directed 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 62:211-9. [PMID: 16009278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been performed with labeled DNA oligonucleotide probes. Here we present for the first time a high affinity peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligonucleotide sequence for detecting thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. using FISH. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp, including the species Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter lari, are important food and water borne pathogens. The designed PNA probe (CJE195) bound with higher affinity to a previously reported low affinity site on the 16S rRNA than the corresponding DNA probe. PNA also overcame the problem of the lack of affinity due to the location of the binding site and the variation of the target sequence within species. The PNA probe specificity was tested with several bacterial species, including other Campylobacter spp. and their close relatives. All tested C. coli, C. jejuni and C. lari strains were hybridized successfully. Aging of the Campylobacter cultures caused the formation of coccoid forms, which did not hybridize as well as bacteria in the active growth phase, indicating that the probe could be used to assess the physiological status of targeted cells. The PNA FISH methodology detected C. coli by membrane filtration method from C. coli spiked drinking water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku J Lehtola
- Environmental Healthcare Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7PX, United Kingdom.
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29
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Kärenlampi RI, Tolvanen TP, Hänninen ML. Phylogenetic analysis and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism identification of Campylobacter species based on partial groEL gene sequences. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 42:5731-8. [PMID: 15583306 PMCID: PMC535295 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.12.5731-5738.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of 12 Campylobacter species and reference strains of Arcobacter butzleri and Helicobacter pylori was studied based on partial 593-bp groEL gene sequences. The topology of the phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree based on the groEL gene was similar to that of the tree based on the 16S rRNA gene. However, groEL was found to provide a better resolution for Campylobacter species, with lower interspecies sequence similarities (range, 65 to 94%) compared with those for the 16S rRNA gene (range, 90 to 99%) and high intraspecies sequence similarities (range, 95 to 100%; average, 99%). A new universal reverse primer that amplifies a 517-bp fragment of the groEL gene was developed and used for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 68 strains representing 11 Campylobacter species as well as reference strains of A. butzlerii and H. pylori. Digestion with the AluI enzyme discriminated all Campylobacter species included in the study but showed more intraspecies diversity than digestion with the ApoI enzyme. A hippurate-negative variant of Campylobacter jejuni with a high level of groEL sequence similarity to both C. jejuni (96%) and C. coli (94%) gave a unique AluI profile and an ApoI profile identical to those of other C. jejuni strains. In conclusion, groEL gene sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis are recommended as valuable tools for the identification of Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Kärenlampi
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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30
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LaGier MJ, Joseph LA, Passaretti TV, Musser KA, Cirino NM. A real-time multiplexed PCR assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:275-82. [PMID: 15271389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are the leading agents of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. C. jejuni and C. coli together are responsible for more than 95% of all cases of Campylobacter-induced diarrheal disease in the United States. Detection of campylobacteria in clinical samples by conventional culture is problematic and slow due to their complex taxonomy, fastidious growth requirements, and biochemical inertness. The current study describes a rapid, sensitive, and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of detecting and differentiating C. jejuni (hippuricase gene, hipO) and C. coli (serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene, glyA) in a single reaction, directly from clinical isolates and human feces. The analytical specificity of the assay was demonstrated with a diverse range of Campylobacter species, related organisms, and other diarrhea-inducing bacterial pathogens. The analytical sensitivity of the multiplexed, PCR assay was 10 genome copies for both C. jejuni and C. coli. Following a rapid DNA extraction method (QIAGEN QIAamp DNA stool Mini Kit), the multiplexed PCR identified C. jejuni or C. coli in 100% of fecal samples containing 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU) per gram of feces. This assay represents the first real-time PCR method capable of detecting and differentiating C. jejuni and C. coli in a single reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaGier
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center-Axelrod Institute, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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31
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Stern NJ, Bannov VA, Svetoch EA, Mitsevich EV, Mitsevich IP, Volozhantsev NV, Gusev VV, Perelygin VV. Distribution and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from Russian poultry. J Food Prot 2004; 67:239-45. [PMID: 14968953 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of Campylobacter spp. on 13 poultry farms (broiler chicken, quail, pheasant, peacock, and turkey) from eight regions (Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Kaluga, Liptsk, Moscow, Orenburg, and Orel) in Russia was surveyed. Intestinal materials were plated onto Campylobacter-selective medium and plates were incubated microaerobically at 42 degrees C for 24 or 48 h. Identification was based on colonial morphology, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests; latex agglutination assays were used for confirmation. In total, 116 isolates were derived from 370 samples. Isolation rates were similar, regardless of whether the birds were from small or large broiler production farms. Susceptibility of 48 representative (from these production sources) strains of Campylobacter spp. to 38 antimicrobial compounds was determined by disk diffusion assays. All strains tested were sensitive to amikacin, gentamycin, sisomycin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, oleandomycin, erythromycin, azitromycin, and ampicillin. The strains were also sensitive to 100 microg/disk of carbenicillin, fluoroquinolones, and to nitrofurans. Fluoroquinolone sensitivity was most notable and may be related to its limited application in poultry production within Russia. Hippurate and ribosomal RNA gene primers were developed and used to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and to provide a measure of strain discrimination. The combination of PCR analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing were conducted for selected isolates. The various poultry species and the different locations yielded Campylobacter isolates with discrete randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. The distribution and substantial diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolates appears similar to that previously reported in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Stern
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA.
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32
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Wainø M, Bang DD, Lund M, Nordentoft S, Andersen JS, Pedersen K, Madsen M. Identification of campylobacteria isolated from Danish broilers by phenotypic tests and species-specific PCR assays. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:649-55. [PMID: 12969276 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To validate a phenotypic Campylobacter species identification method employed to identify campylobacters in broilers by comparison with campylobacterial species identification using various species-specific PCR analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS From a collection of 2733 phenotypically identified campylobacterial cultures, 108 Campylobacter jejuni cultures and 351 campylobacterial cultures other than Camp. jejuni were subjected to various species-specific PCR assays. On the basis of the genotypic tests, it was demonstrated that Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli constituted approx. 99% of all cultures, while other species identified were Helicobacter pullorum, Camp. lari and Camp. upsaliensis. However, 29% of the 309 Camp. coli cultures identified by phenotypic tests were hippurate-variable or negative Camp. jejuni cultures, whereas some Camp. lari cultures and unspeciated campylobacter cultures belonged to H. pullorum. It was also notable that 2-6% of the cultures were, in fact, mixed cultures. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic identification scheme employed failed to appropriately differentiate Campylobacter species and particularly to identify the closely related species, H. pullorum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Future phenotypic test schemes should be designed to allow a more accurate differentiation of Campylobacter and related species. Preferably, the phenotypic tests should be supplemented with a genotypic strategy to disclose the true campylobacterial species diversity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wainø
- Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, Danish Veterinary Institute, Arhus N, Denmark.
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33
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Ertaş HB, Ozbey G, Kiliç A, Muz A. Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from the gall bladder samples of sheep and identification by polymerase chain reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 50:294-7. [PMID: 14629001 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 100 gall bladder samples of sheep slaughtered at an abattoir in Elaziğ province were examined for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Preston Campylobacter Agar supplemented with 7% horse blood and Preston Selective Supplement (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used for isolation of the agents. Campylobacter spp. were isolated in 66 samples, and they were identified as 34% C. jejuni and 32% C. coli. A multiplex PCR based upon the use of ceuE gene-specific primers was applied on DNA samples extracted from C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. All C. jejuni and C. coli strains that were positive by culture were also detected to be positive by PCR. This study shows that PCR can be used an alternative, rapid and sensitive test for the identification of C. jejuni and C. coli which threaten human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Ertaş
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey.
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34
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Wang G, Clark CG, Taylor TM, Pucknell C, Barton C, Price L, Woodward DL, Rodgers FG. Colony multiplex PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, and C. fetus subsp. fetus. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4744-7. [PMID: 12454184 PMCID: PMC154608 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4744-4747.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay was used to simultaneously detect genes from the five major clinically relevant Campylobacter spp. Those genes selected were hipO and 23S rRNA from Campylobacter jejuni; glyA from each of C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis; and sapB2 from C. fetus subsp. fetus. The assay was evaluated with 137 clinical and environmental isolates and was found to be rapid and easy to perform and had a high sensitivity and specificity for characterizing isolates, even in mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Wang
- National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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35
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Sandberg M, Bergsjø B, Hofshagen M, Skjerve E, Kruse H. Risk factors for Campylobacter infection in Norwegian cats and dogs. Prev Vet Med 2002; 55:241-53. [PMID: 12392875 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(02)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rectal swabs from healthy cats and dogs, and from dogs and cats with clinical diarrhoea were collected approximately every third month from May 2000 to June 2001 from six small-animal practices throughout Norway. A questionnaire was filled in for each animal. Of the 301 healthy cats sampled, 54 (18%) were positive for Campylobacter, compared to 5 out of 31 (16%) cats with diarrhoea. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 11 (3%), C. upsaliensis from 42 (13%) and C. coli from 2 (0.6%) of the cats sampled. Isolates from four cats (1%) could not be specified. Of the 529 healthy dogs, 124 (23%) were positive for Campylobacter, compared to 18 of 66 (27%) dogs with diarrhoea. C. jejuni was isolated from 20 (3%) and C. upsaliensis from 117 (20%) of the dogs sampled. Isolates from five dogs (0.8%) could not be specified. Eighteen out of the 20 investigated C. upsaliensis samples were resistant to streptomycin. The clinically healthy animals were included in the analysis to identify factors associated with Campylobacter prevalence. The cat model had low classification ability. The dog-data model indicated increased odds of infection with Campylobacter for dogs </=1 year, and in dogs sampled during the spring. No difference was observed between the prevalence of Campylobacter infections in cats and dogs with diarrhoea and healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sandberg
- The National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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