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Insight into a Successful Development of Biocontrol Agents: Production, Formulation, Packaging, and Shelf Life as Key Aspects. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol agents (BCAs) have been proposed and studied over recent decades as a suitable alternative to diminish or substitute synthetic fungicides used to control pre- and postharvest diseases. However, the development of BCAs has many constraints and obstacles that would have to be overcome before they could be successfully implemented in the market. For the BCA commercial development, the microorganism should be mass-produced on a large-scale, and, independently of the method used for the production, a particular plan regarding the formulation of BCAs by multidisciplinary approaches (liquid or solid) is required to optimize the yield, efficacy, and shelf life of the developed product. Unfortunately, not all BCAs can survive the conditions imposed during the formulation process. Improved stability can be achieved by either using special conditions during growing or by adding protective substances to the formulation medium. Finally, BCAs should be formulated in such a way as to guarantee long-term stability and ease of application of the product. Therefore, an accurate range of the packaging conditions should be considered to extend the shelf life of the formulated product, preferably up to two years. Herein, we discussed the main aspects regarding the production, formulation, packaging, and shelf life of BCAs.
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Garcia-Riaño JL, Torres-Torres LA, Santos-Díaz AM, Grijalba-Bernal EP. In vitro compatibility with soybean agrochemicals and storage stability studies of the Beauveria bassiana biopesticide. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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NOOR E, YUSRON M, SITORUS RDMC. Proteus penneri encapsulation with maltodextrin and sodium alginate using a spray-drying method. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.49621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Maciag T, Krzyzanowska DM, Jafra S, Siwinska J, Czajkowski R. The Great Five-an artificial bacterial consortium with antagonistic activity towards Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp.: formulation, shelf life, and the ability to prevent soft rot of potato in storage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4547-4561. [PMID: 32215712 PMCID: PMC7190590 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract “The Great Five” (GF) is an artificial bacterial consortium developed to protect potato tubers from soft rot caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp. To investigate the commercialization potential of the GF, we developed liquid and powder formulations of the consortium and of each of the comprising strains (Serratia plymuthica strain A294, Enterobacter amnigenus strain A167, Rahnella aquatilis strain H145, Serratia rubidaea strain H440, and S. rubidaea strain H469). To form powders, the cells were lyophilized using a newly developed lyoprotectant: Reagent PS. The shelf life of the formulations stored at 8 and 22 °C was monitored for a period of 12 months. The longest shelf life was obtained for formulations stored at 8 °C; however, the viability of all formulations was negatively affected at 22 °C. For the consortium, a 2.5 log10 cfu (colony forming units) drop in cell number was recorded for the liquid formulation after 6 months, while in case of powders, the drop remained below 1 log10 cfu following 12 months. The ability of the powder formulations to preserve biocontrol activity of the consortium was tested on potato tubers treated with the formulations and a mixture of the soft rot pathogens. The inoculated tubers were stored for 6 months at 8 °C to mimic commercial storage conditions. Soft rot severity and incidence on potato tubers treated with formulations were significantly reduced (62–75% and 48–61%, respectively) in comparison to positive control with pathogens alone. The potential use of the newly developed formulations of “The Great Five” for the biocontrol of soft rot is discussed. Key Points • An innovative reagent to protect bacterial cells during lyophilization was developed. • Powder formulations of “The Great Five” prolonged its shelf life. • The powder-formulated “The Great Five” was active against soft rot bacteria on potato tubers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10550-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maciag
- Division of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota M Krzyzanowska
- Division of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Division of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Siwinska
- Division of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Division of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Wong CKF, Saidi NB, Vadamalai G, Teh CY, Zulperi D. Effect of bioformulations on the biocontrol efficacy, microbial viability and storage stability of a consortium of biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt of banana. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:544-555. [PMID: 31077517 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study sought to investigate the effect of bioformulation on the biocontrol efficacy, microbial viability and storage stability of a consortium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DRB1 and Trichoderma harzianum CBF2 against Foc Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4). MATERIALS AND RESULTS Four bioformulations consisting of dry (pesta granules, talc powder and alginate beads) and liquid formulations were evaluated for their ability to control Foc-TR4, sustain microbial populations after application and maintain microbial stability during storage. All tested bioformulations reduced disease severity (DS) by more than 43·00% with pesta granules producing the highest reduction in DS by 66·67% and the lowest area under the disease progress curve value (468·75) in a glasshouse trial. Microbial populations of DRB1 and CBF2 were abundant in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane and within the roots of bananas after pesta granules application as compared to talc powder, alginate beads and liquid formulations 84 days after inoculation (DAI). The stability of both microbial populations after 180 days of storage at 4°C was the greatest in the pesta granule formulation. CONCLUSION The pesta granule formulation was a suitable carrier of biological control agents (BCA) without compromising biocontrol efficacy, microbial population and storage stability as compared to other bioformulations used in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Pesta granules could be utilized to formulate BCA consortia into biofertilizers. This formulation could be further investigated for possible applications under agricultural field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K F Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N B Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - G Vadamalai
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Teh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D Zulperi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gotor-Vila A, Usall J, Torres R, Solsona C, Teixidó N. Enhanced shelf-life of the formulated biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 combining diverse packaging strategies and storage conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 290:205-213. [PMID: 30366262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two effective biocontrol products (named as BA3 and BA4) based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 have been reported as a potential alternative to chemical applications against brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. on stone fruit. To have practical use, this study aimed to describe the best packaging strategies (bags or flasks, atmosphere, and temperature of storage) to not only guarantee efficacy but also stability and ease of application of the products to be handled through the normal channels of distribution and storage. In terms of the viability neither the BA3 nor the BA4 product has been compromised after twelve months of storage. However, storage at 4 °C affected the stability and visual aspect of both CPA-8 formulations, mainly associated not only to the increase of RH but also aw. Moreover, it should be pointed out that flasks did not conserve refrigerated BA3 samples in a suitable way, since RH and aw increased noticeably making their visual properties unsightly after 10 months of cold storage. At that time, the BA4 products were better preserved at 4 °C when packaged in flasks. Finally, this study also demonstrated that the most suitable packaging conditions for long-term storability (stored at 22 °C) did not show any negative effect in the biocontrol efficacy of CPA-8 in nectarines artificially infected with M. fructicola and provide suitable product delivery and field application. In conclusion, these results contribute to the final stage of development of these two CPA-8 products, practically ready for registration, thus contributing to the environmental-friendly management of postharvest diseases in stone fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gotor-Vila
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Solsona
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Berninger T, González López Ó, Bejarano A, Preininger C, Sessitsch A. Maintenance and assessment of cell viability in formulation of non-sporulating bacterial inoculants. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:277-301. [PMID: 29205959 PMCID: PMC5812248 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of beneficial, plant-associated microorganisms is a sustainable approach to improving crop performance in agriculture. However, microbial inoculants are often susceptible to prolonged periods of storage and deleterious environmental factors, which negatively impact their viability and ultimately limit efficacy in the field. This particularly concerns non-sporulating bacteria. To overcome this challenge, the availability of protective formulations is crucial. Numerous parameters influence the viability of microbial cells, with drying procedures generally being among the most critical ones. Thus, technological advances to attenuate the desiccation stress imposed on living cells are key to successful formulation development. In this review, we discuss the core aspects important to consider when aiming at high cell viability of non-sporulating bacteria to be applied as microbial inoculants in agriculture. We elaborate the suitability of commonly applied drying methods (freeze-drying, vacuum-drying, spray-drying, fluidized bed-drying, air-drying) and potential measures to prevent cell damage from desiccation (externally applied protectants, stress pre-conditioning, triggering of exopolysaccharide secretion, 'helper' strains). Furthermore, we point out methods for assessing bacterial viability, such as colony counting, spectrophotometry, microcalorimetry, flow cytometry and viability qPCR. Choosing appropriate technologies for maintenance of cell viability and evaluation thereof will render formulation development more efficient. This in turn will aid in utilizing the vast potential of promising, plant beneficial bacteria as sustainable alternatives to standard agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Berninger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHCenter for Health and BioresourcesBioresources UnitKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430TullnAustria
| | - Óscar González López
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHCenter for Health and BioresourcesBioresources UnitKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430TullnAustria
| | - Ana Bejarano
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHCenter for Health and BioresourcesBioresources UnitKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430TullnAustria
| | - Claudia Preininger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHCenter for Health and BioresourcesBioresources UnitKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430TullnAustria
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHCenter for Health and BioresourcesBioresources UnitKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430TullnAustria
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Ruiz C, Gómez M, Villamizar L. Prototipo de formulación y atmósfera de empaque para la cepa antagonista Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps006. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v17n2.54282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>Título en ingles</strong>: Formulation prototype and atmosphere packaging for the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens PS006</p><p>El aislamiento Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps006 demostró alto potencial para ser usado como principio activo de un bioinsumo, por su capacidad para producir biosurfactantes, actividad solubilizadora de fósforo y antagonista ante diferentes fitopatógenos. Por tal razón, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos desarrollar y caracterizar un prototipo de formulación a base de P. fluorescens Ps006, estable bajo condiciones de almacenamiento. Inicialmente se caracterizó el principio activo y se seleccionaron los auxiliares de formulación compatibles con el mismo, evaluándose la estabilidad de su mezcla con tres soportes sólidos, a dos humedades diferentes (10% y 20%) durante tres meses de almacenamiento a temperaturas de 8, 18 y 28 ± 2°C. El principio activo demostró actividad antagonista in vitro sobre cuatro fitopatógenos y la temperatura y la humedad afectaron su estabilidad durante el almacenamiento. A los prototipos de formulación más estables en cuanto a viabilidad y actividad biocontroladora se les evaluó su estabilidad en presencia y ausencia de oxígeno y de protectores de membrana. Se seleccionó el soporte S1 al 20% de humedad mezclado con el principio activo sin adición de protectores de membrana y almacenado en presencia de oxígeno, por ser el tratamiento más estable durante seis meses de alamacenamiento a tres temperaturas, con pérdidas de viabilidad inferiores al 5%.</p>
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N'Guessan FK, Coulibaly HW, Alloue-Boraud MWA, Cot M, Djè KM. Production of freeze-dried yeast culture for the brewing of traditional sorghum beer, tchapalo. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:34-41. [PMID: 26788308 PMCID: PMC4708641 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze‐drying is a well‐known dehydration method widely used to preserve microorganisms. In order to produce freeze‐dried yeast starter culture for the brewing purpose of African sorghum beer, we tested protective agents (sucrose, glucose, glycerol) in combination with support materials (millet, maize, sorghum, and cassava flours) at 1:1 ratio (v/v). The yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae F12–7 and Candida tropicalis C0–7 previously isolated from sorghum beer were used in a mixed culture at a ratio of 2:1 (C. tropicalis/S. cerevisiae). After the freeze‐drying, the residual water contents were between 0.78 –2.27%, 0.55 –4.09%, and 0.40–2.61%, respectively, with sucrose, glucose and glycerol. The dried yeasts viabilities were between 4.0% and 10.6%. Among the protective agents used, sucrose was found to be the best protectant giving cell viabilities of 8.4–10.6%. Considering the support materials, millet flour was the best support after drying. When the freeze‐dried yeast powders were stored at 4°C and room temperature (25–28°C) for up to 3 months, the survival rates were the highest with cassava flour as the support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent K N'Guessan
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA) Université Nangui-Abrogoua 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Hermann W Coulibaly
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA) Université Nangui-Abrogoua 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 Côte d'Ivoire; Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA-Toulouse) 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Mireille W A Alloue-Boraud
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA) Université Nangui-Abrogoua 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle (CWBI) Unité de Bio-industries, Université de Liège Gembloux Agrobio-Tech Passage des Déportés 25030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Marlène Cot
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA-Toulouse) 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Koffi Marcellin Djè
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie des Aliments (UFR-STA) Université Nangui-Abrogoua 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 Côte d'Ivoire
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Soto-Muñoz L, Torres R, Usall J, Viñas I, Solsona C, Teixidó N. DNA-based methodologies for the quantification of live and dead cells in formulated biocontrol products based on Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 210:79-83. [PMID: 26114590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pantoea agglomerans strain CPA-2 is an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) against the major postharvest pathogens present on pome and citrus fruits. Dehydration, such as freeze-drying, spray-drying and fluidized bed drying is one of the best ways to formulate BCAs. In this work, the survival of CPA-2 cells after formulation was determined by dilution plating and molecular methods as qPCR alone and combined with a sample pretreatment with a propidium monoazide dye (PMA-qPCR) and they were used to calculate treatment concentrations in efficacy trials on postharvest oranges. Furthermore, no significant differences in CPA-2 survival were observed as determined by dilution plating and PMA-qPCR after both the freeze drying and fluidized bed drying processes; however, an interesting significant difference was observed in the spray dried product comparing all quantitative methods. A difference of 0.48 and 2.17 log10 CFU or cells g/dw was observed among PMA-qPCR with qPCR and dilution plating, respectively. According to our study, dilution plating was shown to be an unreliable tool for monitoring the survival of CPA-2 after spray drying. In contrast, the combination of PMA and qPCR enabled a quick and unequivocal methodology to enumerate viable and VBNC CPA-2 cells under stress-dried conditions. Efficacy trials showed that, after 3 days, spray drying formulation rehydrated with 10% non-fat skimmed milk (NFSM) was as effective as fresh cells to control Penicillium digitatum in oranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Soto-Muñoz
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Solsona
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Torres R, Solsona C, Viñas I, Usall J, Plaza P, Teixidó N. Optimization of packaging and storage conditions of a freeze-dried Pantoea agglomerans
formulation for controlling postharvest diseases in fruit. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:173-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Torres
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - C. Solsona
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - I. Viñas
- Food Technology Department; Lleida University; XaRTA-Postharvest; Agrotecnio Center; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - J. Usall
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - P. Plaza
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - N. Teixidó
- IRTA; XaRTA-Postharvest; Lleida Catalonia Spain
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Soto-Muñoz L, Teixidó N, Usall J, Viñas I, Torres R. Detection and quantification by PCR assay of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 on apples. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 175:45-52. [PMID: 24534396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The registration of biological control agents requires the development of monitoring systems to detect and quantify the agent in the environment. Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 is an effective biocontrol agent for postharvest diseases of citrus and pome fruits. The monitoring of CPA-2 in postharvest semi-commercial trials was evaluated by Rodac impression plates and the colonies isolated were confirmed by conventional PCR using the SCAR primers PAGA1 and PAGB1. Samples were taken from different surfaces that had contact with CPA-2, the surrounding environment and working clothes worn by handlers. Moreover, population dynamics of the strain CPA-2 were determined on apple surfaces using both the classical plating technique and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A qPCR assay using a 3'-minor groove-binding (MGB) probe was developed for the specific detection and quantification of P. agglomerans strain CPA-2. Based on the nucleotide sequence of a SCAR fragment of CPA-2, one primer set and TaqMan MGB probe were designed. The primers SP2-F/SP2-R and the TaqMan MGB probe showed a specific detection of strain CPA-2 on apple surfaces, which was verified tested against purified DNA from 17 strains of P. agglomerans, 4 related Pantoea species, and 21 bacterial strains from other genera isolated from whole and also freshly-cut fruit and vegetables. The detection level was approximately 10(3) cells per reaction, and the standard curve was linear within a range of 5log units. Results from semi-commercial trials showed that CPA-2 had a low impact. The maximum persistence of P. agglomerans CPA-2 was not longer than 5days in plastic boxes stored at 0°C. Significant differences in CPA-2 population level dynamics were observed in results obtained by qPCR and dilution plating. These differences may indicate the presence of non-degraded DNA from non-viable cells. In conclusion, qPCR is a novel potential tool to quickly and specifically monitor recent surface colonisation by CPA-2 populations on apple surfaces during large-scale experiments that could ensure efficient and successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Soto-Muñoz
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center. Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center. Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Lopes RB, Martins I, Souza DA, Faria M. Influence of some parameters on the germination assessment of mycopesticides. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:236-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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[The effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of biopesticides based on two Colombian isolates of Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 and Trichoderma asperellum Th034]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2011; 29:150-6. [PMID: 22116019 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four biopesticide prototypes formulated as dispersible granules and dry powders based on 2 Colombian isolates of Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003) and T. asperellum (Th034) were developed. These microorganisms have antagonist activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani with a reduction in incidence of between 70 and 100% in tomato crops and potato crops, respectively. AIM To determine the effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of 4 biopesticides based on T. koningiopsis Th003 and Trichoderma asperellum Th034 at 3 different temperatures. METHODS The formulation effect was determined by evaluating the germination of unformulated and formulated conidia (dispersible granules and dry powder) stored at 8, 18 and 28°C for 18 months. Germination kinetics were used to estimate the shelf-life by using different mathematical models (zero order, first order, second order, Higuchi model, Korsmeyer-Peppas model and polynomial model). RESULTS The products showed high stability of the conidia germination when they were stored at 8 and 18° C, with shelf-lives of 14.4 and 13.9 months for dry powder based on Th003, and 12.0 and 10.8 months for dry powder based on Th034, respectively. Prototypes formulated as dispersible granules stored at the same temperatures (8 and 18°C) showed lower shelf-lives, with values of 11.6 and 10.9 months for the Th003 product, and 10.7 and 7.2 months for the dispersible granules based on Th034. Significant reductions in germination were observed on unformulated conidia at all storage temperatures evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The formulation type affected the conidia stability of the 2 Trichoderma spp. Colombian isolates. Dry powder was the prototype with the highest stability and shelf-life at all temperatures evaluated.
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Zhan Y, Xu Q, Yang MM, Yang HT, Liu HX, Wang YP, Guo JH. Screening of freeze-dried protective agents for the formulation of biocontrol strains, Bacillus cereus AR156, Burkholderia vietnamiensis B418 and Pantoea agglomerans 2Re40. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:10-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morales H, Marín S, Ramos AJ, Sanchis V. Influence of post-harvest technologies applied during cold storage of apples in Penicillium expansum growth and patulin accumulation: A review. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li BQ, Tian SP. Effect of intracellular trehalose in Cryptococcus laurentii and exogenous lyoprotectants on its viability and biocontrol efficacy on Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:437-42. [PMID: 17397484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To improve viability and biocontrol efficacy of Cryptococcus laurentii after freeze drying and in subsequent storage. METHODS AND RESULTS Viability of C. laurentii was improved after freeze drying and in subsequent storage at 4 or 25 degrees C by using skimmed milk (SM) and sugars (glucose, galactose, sucrose and trehalose) as protectants. Sugars and SM mixed together showed better protection than when they were used separately. Citric acid used as carbon source could induce accumulation of intracellular trehalose in the yeast. The yeast cells with high trehalose level (HT cells) had higher viability than those with low trehalose level (LT cells) after freeze drying and storage for 90 days. After storage for 90 days at 4 degrees C, the HT cells plus SM and sugars as protectant showed a similar biocontrol effect against blue mould rot in apple fruit caused by Penicillium expansum as fresh cells. CONCLUSIONS Increasing intracellular trehalose content of C. laurentii and adding exogenous protectant (sugars + SM) could improve its viability and maintain its biocontrol efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results have a potential value for commercial application of C. laurentii.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Li
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hamoudi L, Goulet J, Ratti C. Effect of Protective Agents on the Viability of Geotrichum candidum during Freeze-Drying and Storage. J Food Sci 2007; 72:M45-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Morgan CA, Herman N, White PA, Vesey G. Preservation of micro-organisms by drying; A review. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 66:183-93. [PMID: 16632005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of micro-organisms by different drying methodologies has been used for decades. Freeze drying in particular is the preferred method for transporting and storing vast culture collections of micro-organism strain types. The literature on drying and preserving micro-organisms is extensive, but is often specific to one particular strain. This review attempts to draw some similar concepts and findings together in one paper, to compare different drying techniques, with specific reference to microorganisms. The main topics covered are cell growth phases and concentration, inducing drying tolerance in microbial cells, drying methods, rehydration of dried cells and packaging and storage conditions. Also, particular attention has been paid to the use of freeze drying and the protective matrices used to improve microbial cell viability after drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Morgan
- BTF Pty Ltd, PO Box 599, North Ryde BC, NSW 1670, Australia
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Abadias M, Teixidó N, Usall J, Viñas I. Optimization of growth conditions of the postharvest biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 in a lab-scale fermenter. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:301-9. [PMID: 12859762 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To maximize the growth (expressed as number of viable cells per millilitre) of the postharvest biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA(-1) at laboratory scale conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Growth conditons (aeration, agitation speed and inoculum size) were studied in batch conditions in a 5 l fermenter using molasses and urea as growth medium. Consumption of sugars and urea were analysed. Fed-batch studies were also carried out. Glucose and fructose were consumed during the exponential growth phase and were depleted after 18 h of growth. On the contrary, C. sake cells assimilated sucrose during the stationary phase. There was not growth improvement when fed-batch technology was used. Addition of an extra amount of glucose or molasses after 18 h of growth did not contribute to increase final population. CONCLUSIONS Maximum growth (about 8 x 10(8 )CFU ml(-1)) was obtained at batch fermentation after 30 h growth at 400 rev min(-1), 150 l h(-1) of air and initial concentration of 106 CFU ml(-1). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results obtained in this study are an approach for further upscaling of C. sake production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abadias
- Postharvest Area, CeRTA, Centre UdL-IRTA, 177 Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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