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Mitchell H, Lucas C, Charlton K, McMahon A. Models of nutrition-focused continuing education programs for nurses: a systematic review of the evidence. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 24:101-108. [PMID: 29362024 DOI: 10.1071/py17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nurses are well-positioned to provide basic nutrition education and reinforce nutrition messages to patients in hospital and primary care settings. Despite this, nurses may not receive adequate training to provide this service, and there is limited opportunity for nurses to engage in nutrition-focused continuing education (CE). The aim of this review was to determine whether nurse nutrition education results in improved knowledge and practices; and explore which models of CE for nutrition may be most acceptable and effective in practice. Web of Science and Scopus were searched for case-series studies published between 2000 and 2016 that investigated changes in nutrition knowledge of nurses and midwives. Only studies that could transcend to nurses providing patient nutrition education were included. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Articles are explored in terms of mode of delivery, duration of intervention and educational strategies employed. Nutrition CE programs that are delivered face-to-face or by self-directed learning manuals, which utilise active learning strategies, are positively associated with improvements in nutrition knowledge. Web-based CE and self-directed learning may be favourable modes of delivery as they may assist in addressing resource and time contraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Catherine Lucas
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Karen Charlton
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anne McMahon
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Howson FFA, Sayer AA, Roberts HC. The Impact of Trained Volunteer Mealtime Assistants on Dietary Intake and Satisfaction with Mealtime Care in Adult Hospital Inpatients: A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1038-1049. [PMID: 29083446 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in hospital inpatients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Insufficient assistance at mealtimes can contribute to this and therefore trained volunteer mealtime assistants may be of benefit. OBJECTIVES To identify and review the current evidence for the impact of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on dietary intake and satisfaction with mealtime care in adult hospital inpatients. METHODS A systematic search of Medline, Embase and CINAHL was conducted to identify relevant articles. Articles of any methodology were considered. Quality assessment and data extraction were carried out by two reviewers independently. PARTICIPANTS Participants were inpatients in a hospital setting, including rehabilitation units. Participants in long term care facilities were excluded. INTERVENTION Articles that examined the effect of trained volunteer mealtime assistants on nutritional outcomes or satisfaction with mealtime care were included. RESULTS 5576 articles were identified, of which 14 were included in the review. Nine were small research studies and five were quality improvement initiatives. The quality of eight studies was moderate, with one study being of lower quality. Eight articles reported dietary intake and seven demonstrated an improvement, with protein intakes at volunteer mealtimes increasing by 4.3g-10.1g and energy intakes by 44-105kcal. Ten articles reported positive staff, patient and volunteer feedback. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION There is evidence from small studies and improvement projects that trained volunteer mealtime assistants are safe and improve satisfaction with mealtime care in hospital inpatients, although evidence for an effect on dietary intake was less consistent. Larger studies with robust methodology are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F A Howson
- F.F.A. Howson, University Hospital Southampton, Medicine for Older People, Tremona Rd, Southampton, Hants SO16 6YD, United Kingdom,
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Chapman C, Barker M, Lawrence W. Improving nutritional care: innovation and good practice. J Adv Nurs 2014; 71:881-94. [PMID: 25403616 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper presents examples of good practice in nutritional screening and care and identifies methods used to overcome contextual constraints and discusses the implications for nursing practice in hospitals. BACKGROUND Nutritional screening is an important step in identifying those at risk of malnutrition, but does not produce improved nutritional care unless it results in a care plan that is acted on. The importance of nutrition and implications for clinical care make it imperative to improve practice. DESIGN Qualitative investigation. METHODS Between January 2011-February 2012, focus groups were held using a semi-structured discussion guide with nine groups of health professionals (n = 80) from one hospital: four with nurses, three with doctors and two with dietitians. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed and coded into themes and sub-themes, which were then depicted in a thematic map and illustrated with verbatim quotes. FINDINGS Three strategies for sustaining effective nutritional practice emerged: establishing routines to ensure screening was undertaken; re-organizing aspects of care to promote good practice; developing innovative approaches. Issues to be addressed were the perceived disconnection between mandatory screening and the delivery of effective care, a requirement for nutrition education, organizational constraints of a large university hospital and the complexities of multidisciplinary working. CONCLUSION Professionals seeking to improve nutritional care in hospitals need to understand the interaction of system and person to facilitate change. Nursing staff need to be able to exercise autonomy and the hospital system must offer enough flexibility to allow wards to organize nutritional screening and care in a way that meets the needs of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chapman
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Wellcome Trust Southampton Clinical Research Facility, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, MP 218 Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Khalaf A, Westergren A, Ekblom Ö, Al-Hazzaa HM, Berggren V. Nurses' views and experiences of caring for malnourished patients in surgical settings in Saudi Arabia - a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2014; 13:29. [PMID: 25317076 PMCID: PMC4196725 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6955-13-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the occurrence of malnutrition in hospitals is a growing concern, little is known about how hospital staff understand the care that nurses provide to patients with malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' views and experiences of caring for malnourished patients in Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS Using a qualitative explorative design, fifteen nurses were interviewed as part of a purposive sample hospital staff. The transcripts were analyzed using latent content analysis. RESULTS The nurses spontaneously and consistently linked malnutrition with physical inactivity. The two main categories, which emerged, were: 'Potentials for nurses to provide good nutrition and physical activity', and 'Having the ability but not the power to promote proper nutrition and physical activity'. These arose from the subcategories: Good nursing implies providing appropriate health education; Acknowledging the Mourafiq (sitter) as a potential resource for the nursing, but also as a burden; Inadequate control and lack of influence; Cultural diversity and lack of dialog; and Views of women's weight gain in KSA society. CONCLUSIONS The nurses felt they have the capacity and passion to further improve the nutrition and activity of their patients, but obstacles in the health care system are impeding these ambitions. The implications for nursing practice could be acknowledgement of the nurses' views in the clinical practice; culturally adjusted care, improved communication and enhanced language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Khalaf
- The PRO-CARE Group, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, S-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
- The Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Westergren
- The PRO-CARE Group, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, S-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Paediatric Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, College of Education and Obesity Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vanja Berggren
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Eide HD, Halvorsen K, Almendingen K. Barriers to nutritional care for the undernourished hospitalised elderly: perspectives of nurses. J Clin Nurs 2014; 24:696-706. [PMID: 24646060 PMCID: PMC4359674 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims and objectives To identify what nurses experience as barriers to ensuring adequate nutritional care for the undernourished hospitalized elderly. Background Undernutrition occurs frequently among the hospitalised elderly and can result in a variety of negative consequences if not treated. Nevertheless, undernutrition is often unrecognised and undertreated. Nurses have a great responsibility for nutritional care, as this is part of the patient's basic needs. Exploring nurses' experiences of preventing and treating undernourishment among older patients in hospitals is therefore highly relevant. Design A focus group study was employed based on a hermeneutic phenomenological methodological approach. Methods Four focus group interviews with totally 16 nurses working in one large university hospital in Norway were conducted in spring 2012. The nurses were recruited from seven somatic wards, all with a high proportion of older (≥70 years) inpatients. The data were analysed in the three interpretative contexts: self-understanding, a critical common-sense understanding and a theoretical understanding. Results We identified five themes that reflect barriers the nurses experience in relation to ensuring adequate nutritional care for the undernourished elderly: loneliness in nutritional care, a need for competence in nutritional care, low flexibility in food service practices, system failure in nutritional care and nutritional care is being ignored. Conclusions The results imply that nutritional care at the university hospital has its limits within the hospital structure and organisation, but also regarding the nurses' competence. Moreover, the barriers revealed that the undernourished elderly are not identified and treated properly as stipulated in the recommendations in the national guidelines on the prevention and treatment of undernutrition. Relevance to clinical practice The barriers revealed in this study are valuable when considering improvements to nutritional care practices on hospital wards to enable undernourished older inpatients to be identified and treated properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Dahl Eide
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Wiwanitkit V. Malnutrition in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 18:122. [PMID: 24678162 PMCID: PMC3943124 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.126097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Agarwal E, Ferguson M, Banks M, Bauer J, Capra S, Isenring E. An exploratory study to evaluate whether medical nutrition therapy can improve dietary intake in hospital patients who eat poorly. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 26:538-43. [PMID: 24147972 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australasian Nutrition Care Day Survey (ANCDS) reported that two-fifths of patients consume ≤50% of the offered food in Australian and New Zealand hospitals. After controlling for confounders (nutritional status, age, disease type and severity), the ANCDS also established an independent association between poor food intake and increased in-hospital mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate whether medical nutrition therapy (MNT) could improve dietary intake in hospital patients eating poorly. METHODS An exploratory pilot study was conducted in the respiratory, neurology and orthopaedic wards of an Australian hospital. At baseline, percentage food intake (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) was evaluated for each main meal and snack for a 24-h period in patients hospitalised for ≥2 days and not under dietetic review. Patients consuming ≤50% of offered meals as a result of nutrition-impact symptoms were referred to ward dietitians for MNT. Food intake was re-evaluated on the seventh day after recruitment (post-MNT). RESULTS One hundred and eighty-four patients were observed over 4 weeks; 32 patients were referred for MNT. Although baseline and post-MNT data for 20 participants [mean (SD) age 68 (17) years, 65% females] indicated a significant increase in median energy and protein intake post-MNT (3600 kJ day(-1) ; 40 g day(-1) ) versus baseline (2250 kJ day(-1) ; 25 g day(-1) ) (P < 0.05), the increased intake met only 50% of dietary requirements. Persistent nutrition impact symptoms affected intake. CONCLUSIONS In the present pilot study, although dietary intake improved, it remained inadequate to meet participants' estimated requirements as a result of ongoing nutrition-impact symptoms. Appropriate medical management and early enteral feeding could be a possible solution for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Agarwal
- Centre for Dietetic Research, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Buxton C, Davies A. Nutritional knowledge levels of nursing students in a tertiary institution: Lessons for curriculum planning. Nurse Educ Pract 2013; 13:355-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Merriweather J, Smith P, Walsh T. Nutritional rehabilitation after ICU - does it happen: a qualitative interview and observational study. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:654-62. [PMID: 23710614 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To compare and contrast current nutritional rehabilitation practices against recommendations from National Institute for Health and Excellence guideline Rehabilitation after critical illness (NICE) (2009, http://www.nice.org.uk/cg83). BACKGROUND Recovery from critical illness has gained increasing prominence over the last decade but there is remarkably little research relating to nutritional rehabilitation. DESIGN The study is a qualitative study based on patient interviews and observations of ward practice. METHODS Seventeen patients were recruited into the study at discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) of a large teaching hospital in central Scotland in 2011. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on transfer to the ward and weekly thereafter. Fourteen of these patients were followed up at three months post-ICU discharge, and a semi-structured interview was carried out. Observations of ward practice were carried out twice weekly for the duration of the ward stay. RESULTS Current nutritional practice for post-intensive care patients did not reflect the recommendations from the NICE guideline. A number of organisational issues were identified as influencing nutritional care. These issues were categorised as ward culture, service-centred delivery of care and disjointed discharge planning. Their influence on nutritional care was compounded by the complex problems associated with critical illness. CONCLUSIONS The NICE guideline provides few nutrition-specific recommendations for rehabilitation; however, current practice does not reflect the nutritional recommendations that are detailed in the rehabilitation care pathway. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nutritional care of post-ICU patients is problematic and strategies to overcome these issues need to be addressed in order to improve nutritional intake.
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Nutrition care practices in hospital wards: Results from the Nutrition Care Day Survey 2010. Clin Nutr 2012; 31:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Martinsen
- Department of Nursing Science; School of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus; Denmark
| | - Annelise Norlyk
- Department of Nursing Science; School of Public Health; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus; Denmark
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Manning F, Harris K, Duncan R, Walton K, Bracks J, Larby L, Vari L, Jukkola K, Bell J, Chan M, Batterham M. Additional feeding assistance improves the energy and protein intakes of hospitalised elderly patients. A health services evaluation. Appetite 2012; 59:471-7. [PMID: 22735333 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a serious issue that is prevalent in elderly hospitalised patients. Traditionally the role of feeding was designated to the nurse; however competing tasks mean that additional support for feeding assistance is needed. A program that utilises volunteers during weekday lunchtimes to assist, feed and socialise with patients at a Sydney hospital began during 2005. Twenty-three patients (mean age: 83.2±8.9years) participated in this study. Observations and weighed plate waste were recorded for each patient for all meals on two weekdays (when volunteers present) and two weekend days (when volunteers not present). Grip strength, Mini-Nutritional Assessments and interviews were conducted with patients, and surveys with volunteers and staff. Lunchtime energy and protein intakes increased significantly (396 kJ and 4.3g respectively) when volunteers were present. Volunteers spent an average of 12.3 min with each patient at lunchtime, compared to 4.7 min for nurses. Nurses indicated time barriers to feeding patients but were positive about the value of the program. Volunteers were commonly observed feeding, setting up meals and providing encouragement to patients. Additional feeding assistance is one effective strategy to increase the energy and protein intakes and combat malnutrition in elderly inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Manning
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
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WALTON K, WILLIAMS P, TAPSELL L. Improving food services for elderly, long-stay patients in Australian hospitals: Adding food fortification, assistance with packaging and feeding assistance. Nutr Diet 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2012.01587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martinsen B, Norlyk A. Observations of assisted feeding among people with language impairment. J Clin Nurs 2012; 21:2949-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.04011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Assessments of patients’ pain, nutrition and skin in clinical practice: Registered and enrolled nurses’ perceptions. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bjerrum M, Tewes M, Pedersen P. Nurses’ self-reported knowledge about and attitude to nutrition - before and after a training programme. Scand J Caring Sci 2011; 26:81-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ullrich S, McCutcheon H, Parker B. Reclaiming time for nursing practice in nutritional care: outcomes of implementing Protected Mealtimes in a residential aged care setting. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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ROSS LJ, MUDGE AM, YOUNG AM, BANKS M. Everyone's problem but nobody's job: Staff perceptions and explanations for poor nutritional intake in older medical patients. Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jefferies D, Johnson M, Ravens J. Nurturing and nourishing: the nurses’ role in nutritional care. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:317-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Johns N, Hartwell H, Morgan M. Improving the provision of meals in hospital. The patients’ viewpoint. Appetite 2010; 54:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim H, Choue R. Nurses' positive attitudes to nutritional management but limited knowledge of nutritional assessment in Korea. Int Nurs Rev 2009; 56:333-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martinsen B, Paterson BL, Harder I, Biering-Sørensen F. The nature of feeding completely dependent persons: A meta-ethnography. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17482620701296291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Porter J, Raja R, Cant R, Aroni R. Exploring issues influencing the use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool by nurses in two Australian hospitals. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009; 22:203-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Söderhamn U, Söderhamn O. A successful way for performing nutritional nursing assessment in older patients. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18:431-9. [PMID: 19191991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to obtain increased knowledge and understanding about what can be promoting and facilitating for nurses to perform nutritional nursing assessment in older patients. BACKGROUND The frequency of older patients at nutritional risk or suffering from undernutrition is high in hospitals. Studies have shown frequent lack of awareness about signs of undernutrition as all patients are, for example, not weighed. Nurses' descriptions about nutritional problems have also been found to be often vague and unspecific. DESIGN A qualitative design was used. METHODS Ten conveniently chosen registered nurses, working with older patients in two hospitals in western Sweden were interviewed. Four of the interviews were performed during 2003 and six during 2006. The interviews were analysed according to a Gadamerian-based hermeneutic research method. RESULTS The analyses revealed that promoting aspects for performing nutritional nursing assessment in older patients were to get information by dialogues, by observations and controls, by collaboration with other caregivers and professionals and by performing continuous follow-ups. Necessary conditions, beside knowledge and consciousness about nutritional issues, were to have interest, give time to listen to the patient's story and furthermore, be sensitive to the patient's wishes, be able to assess the patient's motivation to eat and have an ethical awareness. CONCLUSIONS A successful way that promoted the performance of nutritional nursing assessment in older patients was to use different approaches as interactive dialogues, observations, controls and collaboration in team. Such a nutritional nursing assessment was an ongoing process during the patient's hospital stay. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE These results highlight that nurses have an important role in identifying eating problems in older patients, which has to be a prioritized issue in the care of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Söderhamn
- University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport, Arendal, Norway.
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To have and to hold nutritional control: balancing between individual and routine care. A grounded theory study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2009; 25:155-62. [PMID: 19395264 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gaining insight into nutritional processes can help nurses and other staff in their work. The aim was to provide a theoretical understanding of the concerns and strategies of nutritional nursing care for patients with enteral nutrition in intensive care units. DESIGN A grounded theory approach was used. Observations of patient's nutritional care and twelve interviews with eight registered nurses and four enrolled nurses were conducted. SETTING The study was carried out in one intensive care unit at a medium sized hospital in Sweden. RESULTS The substantive theory developed included the core category "To have and to hold nutritional control - balancing between individual care and routine care". The core category was reflected in and related to the categories "knowing the patient", "facilitating the patient's involvement", "being a nurse in a team", "having professional confidence" and "having a supportive organisation". Finding a balance between individual care and routine care was a way of enhancing the patient's well-being, security and quality of care. CONCLUSION To have and to hold nutritional control over the patient's nutrition was found to be a balancing act between individual care and routine care. Organisation and teamwork are both challenging and supporting the provision, maintenance and development of nutritional care.
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Persenius MW, Hall-Lord ML, Bååth C, Larsson BW. Assessment and documentation of patients’ nutritional status: perceptions of registered nurses and their chief nurses. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17:2125-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aydin N, Karaöz S. Nutritional assessment of patients before gastrointestinal surgery and nurses’ approach to this issue. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17:608-17. [PMID: 17608631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of patients before gastrointestinal surgery and to reveal nurses' opinions about this issue. BACKGROUND Although there is increasing awareness that malnutrition constitutes an important problem, especially when it accompanies diseases, malnutrition in hospitalized patients is not being diagnosed or treated. DESIGN This study was descriptive. METHODS Subjective global assessment and anthropometric/biochemical measurements were used to evaluate the nutritional status of 57 patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal surgery. Related opinions of eight nurses were obtained via semi-structured interviews. RESULTS The malnutrition rate was high in patients before gastrointestinal surgery, and the nurses were not able to evaluate nutritional status properly. Furthermore, the nurses lacked knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the importance of evaluating the nutritional status of patients before surgery and the necessity of developing nutritional support plans. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our study showed that subjective global assessment is an easy and useful scale for evaluating the nutritional status of patients. Nurses are suitable team members for continuous nutritional care and therefore must not delegate this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursel Aydin
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Kocaeli University School of Nursing, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Söderhamn U, Bachrach-Lindström M, Ek AC. Nutritional screening and perceived health in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients. J Clin Nurs 2007; 16:1997-2006. [PMID: 17331091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (i) To perform a nutritional screening using the Nutritional Form For the Elderly and relate the results to perceived health in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients; and (ii) to compare the screening results and nurses' nutritional notes in the nursing documentation. BACKGROUND Undernutrition is an under-recognized problem among older patients. Using a screening instrument is a way to detect patients at risk for undernutrition. DESIGN A cross-sectional study conducted in Sweden. METHODS A sample of 147 geriatric rehabilitation patients was consecutively included and was interviewed with the screening instrument, questions about background variables, perceived health and health-related issues. Higher screening scores indicate higher risk for undernutrition. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used. When nurses' nutritional notes in the nursing documentation were corresponding to the content in any of the response alternatives for each screening item, the notes were marked as existent. RESULTS The screening results showed that 55% of the patients were at medium risk and 14% at high risk for undernutrition. Patients in perceived ill health had higher screening scores than those in perceived good health. Associations were also found between receiving help, perceiving helplessness, not being active and not feeling satisfied and higher screening scores. The content of nine of 15 items in the instrument was mentioned in a number of nursing records. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of older patients at medium or high risk for undernutrition was high. To be at high risk for undernutrition was associated with perceived ill health. Nurses' nutritional notes in the nursing documentation showed deficiencies, indicating that all patients at medium or high risk for undernutrition were not identified. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results suggest that nurses need a screening instrument to highlight older nutritional at-risk patients in need of further awareness and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Söderhamn
- Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medicine and Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Bachrach-Lindström M, Jensen S, Lundin R, Christensson L. Attitudes of nursing staff working with older people towards nutritional nursing care. J Clin Nurs 2007; 16:2007-14. [PMID: 17419794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine attitudes of the nursing staff in geriatric care towards factors of importance for nutritional nursing care. BACKGROUND Studies show that nutritional risk assessment is seldom performed on older patients as routine and very few patients have a nutritional care plan. Patients in long-term care who are easy to feed are also found to be looked upon more positively than those with high feeding needs. METHODS A total of 252 registered nurses and nurse aids working at geriatric rehabilitation and medical care clinics and resident homes participated in the study. Attitudes were examined using the Staff Attitudes to Nutritional Nursing Care Geriatric scale. The scale includes 18 items and was designed as a one to five-point Lickert-type scale. It gives a total score and five subscales representing the dimensions 'Norms', 'Habits', 'Assessment', 'Intervention' and 'Individualization'. A higher score indicates a more positive attitude. RESULTS Of all nursing staff, 53% displayed a positive attitude towards factors of importance for nutritional nursing care and the rest displayed a neutral or negative attitude. The 'Intervention' dimension, dealing with nutritional problems and how to manage them, reflected the highest level of positive attitudes, which represents 71% of the nursing staff. The 'Norms' dimension had the lowest relative frequency of positive attitudes, 27%. The registered nurses held significantly more positive attitudes than the nurse aids did. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional issues comprise an important and time-consuming responsibility in geriatric care; however, nursing staff do not show an unequivocal positive attitude regarding this responsibility. The consequences this entails for the older patient need to be examined further. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing staff play an important role in caring for patients who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Positive attitudes might hinder the development of undernourishment or the further worsening of an already undernourished patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Bachrach-Lindström
- Department of Medicine and Care, Division of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden.
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Malnutrition in acute care patients: A narrative review. Int J Nurs Stud 2007; 44:1036-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Larsson M, Hedelin B, Athlin E. A supportive nursing care clinic: Conceptions of patients with head and neck cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2007; 11:49-59. [PMID: 17185036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2006.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck cancer have complex long-lasting physical and psychosocial needs due to illness and treatment, and studies have shown deficiencies concerning support in these respects. The purpose of this study was to describe how head and neck cancer patients with eating problems conceived the significance of a supportive nursing care clinic before, during and after completion of radiotherapy. Thematic interviews were carried out in an open dialogue with 12 patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The phenomenologischer method was used in the analyses. The findings showed that the nurse clinic could meet head and neck cancer patients' needs of safety and security, which was especially important before and after completion of treatment when no other regular contacts in the health care system existed. The significance of the nurse clinic varied depending on where in the trajectory the patients were, what needs and problems they experienced, and how severe these were experienced by the individual patient. The supportive nursing care clinic could meet these patients' needs of knowledge, care and support both concerning practical measures related to the disease and its treatment, and emotional needs. This way of organising the care can contribute to these patients' health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larsson
- Department of Nursing, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.
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Walton K, Williams P, Tapsell L. What do stakeholders consider the key issues affecting the quality of foodservice provision for long-stay patients? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4506.2006.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
AIM This paper describes the findings of a descriptive study about what nurses do at mealtimes in relation to monitoring/assisting the eating practices of older patients in an acute care facility. BACKGROUND The prevalence of under nutrition is known to be high in hospitalized older patients and insufficient dietary intake is regarded as a major cause. However, most of the research tends to concentrate on the nursing home setting. Little is known about the situation in acute care facilities. METHODS Two medical wards participated in the study. Ward 1 had introduced a change of nurses' meal break time and ward 2 continued with normal practice. Convenience sampling was used. Fifty nurses and 48 patients were observed at different mealtimes during two weeks. Four nurses and four patients who were observed were also interviewed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. RESULTS Kitchen staff delivered all meals and collected the majority of the meal trays. Older patients did not receive enough assistance during mealtimes. Interruptions happened frequently and social interaction was neglected. About one-third of patients observed left more than two-third of their meals. CONCLUSION Nutrition issues appeared to receive less priority in the ward than other nursing care activities and nurses' assistance was generally insufficient and not provided in a timely manner. Relevance to clinical practice. Findings highlight the deficiency in practice that should suggest to nurses that they examine their practice and put into place strategies to ensure older patients are properly/adequately hydrated and receive sufficient nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfan Xia
- Registered Nurse, Rose Court Aged Care Facility, Gites Plains, SA, Australia.
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Furman EF. Undernutrition in older adults across the continuum of care: nutritional assessment, barriers, and interventions. J Gerontol Nurs 2006; 32:22-7. [PMID: 16475461 DOI: 10.3928/0098-9134-20060101-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Undernutrition can be a significant deterrent to healthy aging and can nega tively affect health outcomes in older adults. Researchers have identified the prevalence of undernutrition in older adults and the need for intervention yet the incidence remains high. The purpose of this article is twofold: to emphasize the need for nutritional assessment across the continuum of care a experienced by older adults, and to identify possible barriers to effective treatment. The assessment of nutritional status and the implementation of effective nutritional interventions are essential to the health of older adults.
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Larsson M, Hedelin B, Johansson I, Athlin E. Eating Problems and Weight Loss for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2005; 28:425-35. [PMID: 16330963 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200511000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to examine the occurrence and treatment of eating problems, and their causes and consequences during the trajectory of care for patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy. The method used was a review of patient records, conducted by means of an audit instrument developed for the study. The instrument audits demographic data and documented eating problems, their causes and consequences, and undertaken interventions in medical and nursing records from diagnosis until 1 year after completion of treatment. Data were collected prior to treatment, each week during radiotherapy and at the follow-up visits to the physician 1, 6, and 12 months after completion of treatment. The results show that eating problems were common before treatment started, and at the end of radiotherapy every patient suffered from eating problems. One year after treatment the majority still had eating problems. Weight loss occurred early during radiotherapy and became aggravated after treatment, but was not treated to an adequate extent. Implications of this study are that nutritional interventions must be initiated before the treatment starts and they need to be ongoing after completion of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larsson
- Division for Health and Caring Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
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Schaller C, James EL. The nutritional knowledge of Australian nurses. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2005; 25:405-12. [PMID: 15946775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sound nutrition is an essential component of good health. A number of health professionals, including nurses, provide nutritional information to the community. However, little research exists which measures the nutrition knowledge of nurses in Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge of nurses in regional Victoria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with 103 nurses (81% currently practicing in an acute regional hospital). The nurses answered 48 multiple choice general knowledge questions (using a valid and reliable questionnaire) and provided educational and demographic details. Each multiple choice question was scored as correct or incorrect and given the value of one point (maximum possible 48 points). The mean knowledge score for all nurses was 60.2% (SD = 8.4). Older nurses, those with more years of experience, and nurses with general training (rather than a degree) scored higher average knowledge scores. Respondents reported requests for nutrition information from patients and clients, and indicated that the most frequently used nutrition information sources were dietitians, other nurses, professional journals, books and literature from the National Heart Foundation. The nutrition knowledge score reported in this study is low to moderate by definition from previous studies using the same questionnaire. It is recommended that the Australian nursing profession determines its own nutrition knowledge standard and the nutrition knowledge needs of nurses working in particular areas of practice. Further work is required to determine the validity and reliability of an Australian knowledge instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schaller
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Anne Caudle Campus, Bendigo Health Care Group, P.O. Box 126, Bendigo, Vic. 3552, Australia.
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Chang E, Chenoweth L, Hancock K. Nursing Needs of Hospitalized Older Adults Consumer and Nurse Perceptions. J Gerontol Nurs 2003; 29:32-41; quiz 55-6. [PMID: 14528747 DOI: 10.3928/0098-9134-20030901-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of older adults is increasing in Australia, and the proportion of older adults requiring medical care is expected to increase in the future. At the same time, budget restrictions are a reality for Australia's health system. Increasing need and decreasing resources suggest the need to focus on the quality aspect of treatment and care for older adults. Little research has been conducted in the area of perceived nursing needs of elderly patients during hospitalization. This is an important area of research because it is increasingly recognized that elderly patients have specialized needs and are the major consumers of health care. Even less research has compared patient and carer perceptions with those of nursing staff. This article is a literature review and an investigation of the quality of care elderly patients receive, and of patient and nurse perceptions of the importance of various nursing activities. Quality of care is reviewed in terms of perceptions of nursing care priorities and elderly patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care they receive. Research examining nurses' perceptions related to why they are unable to consistently provide quality nursing care to all elderly patients is also reviewed. By identifying the nursing needs of elderly patients and educating nursing staff about these needs, professional practice can be guided and improvements in quality of care, patient satisfaction, and patient outcomes may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chang
- University of Western Sydney, School of Nursing, Family and Community Health, Building ER, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC NSW 1797, Australia
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Borbasi S, Cameron K, Quested B, Olver I, To B, Evans D. More than a sore mouth: patients' experience of oral mucositis. Oncol Nurs Forum 2002; 29:1051-7. [PMID: 12183754 DOI: 10.1188/02.onf.1051-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore patients' experience of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. DESIGN Interpretive descriptive, phenomenologic. SETTING The cancer center of a metropolitan teaching hospital in South Australia. SAMPLE A purposive sample of six participants undergoing intensive cytotoxic therapy associated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS Patients were interviewed at different stages of their treatment trajectory and asked to relate their experience of oral mucositis as it developed and resolved. FINDINGS Participants' reports indicated three distinct phases representing linear time in the course of their mucositis: the preparatory phase, the peak phase, and the persisting phase. Five themes further abstracted were the presence of nurses, therapeutic interventions, manifestations of mucositis, the distress of eating (and not eating), and whether the treatment was worthwhile. CONCLUSIONS Oral mucositis is much more than a sore mouth. The effects of mucositis are widespread and can have a marked effect on patients' psychological well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Care centers often focus on pain control through pharmacologic intervention and overlook the effects of other sequelae. Nurses' role in helping patients to cope with mucositis should encompass more than providing pharmacologic pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Borbasi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore eating, feeding and nutrition among stroke patients in nursing homes as described by their nurses and by assessments. Registered Nurses were interviewed about an individual stroke patient's state of health, care needs and nursing care received and nursing records were reviewed. Information on eating, feeding and nutrition was extracted from the interviews and nursing records. A comprehensive instrument, the Resident Assessment Instrument, was also used to assess these patients' state of health. The domains of eating, feeding and nutrition were focused on in this study. Manifest content analysis was used. The results showed that more than 80% of the stroke patients in nursing homes were assessed as having some sort of dependence in eating. According to the Registered Nurses, 22 out of 40 patients demonstrated different eating disabilities. The number of eating disabilities in individual patients ranged from 1 to 7, which emphasized the complexity of eating disabilities in stroke patients. Dysphagia was reported in almost one-fourth of the patients and 30% were described and/or assessed as having a poor food intake or poor appetite. The Registered Nurses' descriptions of the eating disabilities, nutritional problems and their care were often vague and unspecific. Only six weights were documented in the nursing records and there were no nutritional records. The findings highlight the importance of making careful observations and assessments, and of maintaining documentation about eating and nutrition early after a patient's arrival in the nursing home to enable appropriate care and promotion of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Kumlien
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Occupational Therapy and Elderly Care Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
There have been numerous reports that the nutritional intake of many hospitalized patients is sub-optimal, but there is little published information about patients' diets in Australian hospitals. In this study, the nutritional intake of patients in general medical wards of an Australian acute care hospital was assessed. Although the hospital diet can provide adequate energy and nutrients, many patients may not consume sufficient food to meet their needs. The estimated energy intake of about one-third of patients was very low, and vitamin C, calcium and zinc intakes were also of concern. The implications are discussed and recommendations for improved nutritional care are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kowanko
- School of Nursing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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