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Khan MM, Sidorczuk K, Becker J, Aleksandrowicz A, Baraniewicz K, Ludwig C, Ali A, Kingsley RA, Schierack P, Kolenda R. Characterization of clumpy adhesion of Escherichia coli to human cells and associated factors influencing antibiotic sensitivity. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0260623. [PMID: 38530058 PMCID: PMC11064533 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02606-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli intestinal infection pathotypes are characterized by distinct adhesion patterns, including the recently described clumpy adhesion phenotype. Here, we identify and characterize the genetic factors contributing to the clumpy adhesion of E. coli strain 4972. In this strain, the transcriptome and proteome of adhered bacteria were found to be distinct from planktonic bacteria in the supernatant. A total of 622 genes in the transcriptome were differentially expressed in bacteria present in clumps relative to the planktonic bacteria. Seven genes targeted for disruption had variable distribution in different pathotypes and nonpathogenic E. coli, with the pilV and spnT genes being the least frequent or absent from most groups. Deletion (Δ) of five differentially expressed genes, flgH, ffp, pilV, spnT, and yggT, affected motility, adhesion, or antibiotic stress. ΔflgH exhibited 80% decrease and ΔyggT depicted 184% increase in adhesion, and upon complementation, adhesion was significantly reduced to 13%. ΔflgH lost motility and was regenerated when complemented, whereas Δffp had significantly increased motility, and reintroduction of the same gene reduced it to the wild-type level. The clumps produced by Δffp and ΔspnT were more resistant and protected the bacteria, with ΔspnT showing the best clump formation in terms of ampicillin stress protection. ΔyggT had the lowest tolerance to gentamicin, where the antibiotic stress completely eliminated the bacteria. Overall, we were able to investigate the influence of clump formation on cell surface adhesion and antimicrobial tolerance, with the contribution of several factors crucial to clump formation on susceptibility to the selected antibiotics. IMPORTANCE The study explores a biofilm-like clumpy adhesion phenotype in Escherichia coli, along with various factors and implications for antibiotic susceptibility. The phenotype permitted the bacteria to survive the onslaught of high antibiotic concentrations. Profiles of the transcriptome and proteome allowed the differentiation between adhered bacteria in clumps and planktonic bacteria in the supernatant. The deletion mutants of genes differentially expressed between adhered and planktonic bacteria, i.e., flgH, ffp, pilV, spnT, and yggT, and respective complementations in trans cemented their roles in multiple capacities. ffp, an uncharacterized gene, is involved in motility and resistance to ampicillin in a clumpy state. The work also affirms for the first time the role of the yggT gene in adhesion and its involvement in susceptibility against another aminoglycoside antibiotic, i.e., gentamicin. Overall, the study contributes to the mechanisms of biofilm-like adhesion phenotype and understanding of the antimicrobial therapy failures and infections of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moman Khan
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Sidorczuk
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Juliane Becker
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Adrianna Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Baraniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Aamir Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute for Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Frikha F, Jardak M, Aifa S, Mnif S. A novel perspective on eugenol as a natural anti-quorum sensing molecule against Serratia sp. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106576. [PMID: 38382626 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is commonly noted to be an opportunistic pathogen and is often associated with nosocomial infections. In addition to its high antibiotic resistance, it exhibits a wide range of virulence factors that confer pathogenicity. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) presents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating bacterial infections caused by S. marcescens, as it regulates the expression of various virulence factors. Inhibiting QS can effectively neutralize S. marcescens' bacterial virulence without exerting stress on bacterial growth, facilitating bacterial eradication by the immune system. In this study, the antibacterial and anti-virulence properties of eugenol against Serratia sp. were investigated. Eugenol exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of Serratia, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16.15 mM. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, eugenol also demonstrated antiadhesive and eradication activities by inhibiting biofilm formation. Furthermore, it reduced prodigiosin production and completely inhibited protease production. Additionally, eugenol effectively decreased swimming and swarming motilities in Serratia sp. This study demonstrated through molecular modeling, docking and molecular dynamic that eugenol inhibited biofilm formation and virulence factor production in Serratia by binding to the SmaR receptor and blocking the formation of the HSL-SmaR complex. The binding of eugenol to SmaR modulates biofilm formation and virulence factor production by Serratia sp. These findings highlight the potential of eugenol as a promising agent to combat S. marcescens infections by targeting its virulence factors through quorum sensing inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P O Box 1177, Sidi Mansour Road, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Marwa Jardak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P O Box 1177, Sidi Mansour Road, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Aifa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P O Box 1177, Sidi Mansour Road, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Mnif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P O Box 1177, Sidi Mansour Road, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ruan H, Wu Y, Zhang N, Tao Y, Wang K, Yan B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Gänzle MG, Chen W, Fan D. Serratia marcescens Causes the Brown Discoloration of Frozen Steamed Stuffed Buns during Resteaming. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4991-5002. [PMID: 38346801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Brown discoloration was observed in the crust of commercial frozen steamed stuffed buns (FSSBs) during resteaming. Culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses demonstrated that Serratia marcescens, a prodigiosin-producing species, was more abundant in spoiled samples than in unspoiled samples. Inoculation of experimental FSSBs with S. marcescens isolated from spoiled FSSBs confirmed that this species causes brown discoloration of FSSBs during resteaming. S. marcescens formed prodigiosin only between 15 and 28 °C but brown discoloration appeared only upon resteaming after storage at 4 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that prodigiosin was absent from yellow-brown FSSBs. The pigmentation observed during resteaming is thus likely attributable to the intermediate 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole. These findings provide valuable insights into the microbial contamination of FSSBs and will facilitate the prevention of spoilage of FSSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yejun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuxi Huashun Minsheng Food Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214218, China
| | - Bowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Daming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2655. [PMID: 38473900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global and highly synchronized way is a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that depends on the bacterial population density and is mediated by small signalling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, QS controls the biofilm formation through the global regulation of gene expression involved in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance and metabolic adaptation. Forming biofilm is one of the crucial mechanisms of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature of human pathogens is the ability to form biofilm, which poses a serious medical issue due to their high susceptibility to traditional antibiotics. Because QS is associated with virulence and biofilm formation, there is a belief that inhibition of QS activity called quorum quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress in biofilm research, focusing on the mechanisms by which biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, become resistant to antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, a potential alternative approach to QS inhibition highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies to control AMR and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Qi Y, Ji P, Yin K, Zheng Y, Niu J, Jia A, Zhou J, Li J. Phloretin Inhibits Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Serratia marcescens. Molecules 2023; 28:8067. [PMID: 38138556 PMCID: PMC10746122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antivirulence capacity and mechanism of apple-skin-derived phloretin against Serratia marcescens NJ01, a vegetable spoilage bacterium. At 0.5 to 2 mg/mL doses, phloretin considerably inhibited the secretion of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), indicating that phloretin disrupted quorum sensing (QS) in S. marcescens NJ01. The dysfunction of QS resulted in reduced biofilms and the decreased production of protease, prodigiosin, extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), and swimming and swarming motilities. Dysfunctional QS also weakened the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improved oxidative injury. The improved oxidative injury changed the composition of the membrane, improved membrane permeability, and eventually increased the susceptibility of biofilm cells to amikacin, netilmicin, and imipenem. The disrupted QS and enhanced oxidative stress also caused disorders of amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism, and ultimately attenuated the ability of S. marcescens NJ01 to induce spoilage. Our results indicated that phloretin can act as a potent drug to defend against spoilage by S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Qi
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 477150, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Pengcheng Ji
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Kunyuan Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Jiangxiu Niu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Aiqun Jia
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 477150, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 477150, China
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6
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Patel R, Soni M, Soyantar B, Shivangi S, Sutariya S, Saraf M, Goswami D. A clash of quorum sensing vs quorum sensing inhibitors: an overview and risk of resistance. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:107. [PMID: 36881156 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat microbial pathogens has caused emergence of multiple drug resistant strains. Most infectious diseases are caused by microbes that are capable of intercommunication using signaling molecules, which is known as quorum sensing (QS). Such pathogens express their pathogenicity through various QS-regulated virulence factors. Interference of QS could lead to decisive results in controlling such pathogenicity. Hence, QS inhibition has become an attractive new approach for the development of novel drugs. Many quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) of diverse origins have been reported. It is imperative that more such anti-QS compounds be found and studied, as they have significant effect on microbial pathogenicity. This review attempts to give a brief account of QS mechanism, its inhibition and describes some compounds with anti-QS potential. Also discussed is the possibility of emergence of quorum sensing resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mansi Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bilv Soyantar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Suruchi Shivangi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Swati Sutariya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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Lucero CT, Lorda GS, Halliday N, Ambrosino ML, Cámara M, Taurian T. Impact of quorum sensing from native peanut phosphate solubilizing Serratia sp. S119 strain on interactions with agronomically important crops. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pan X, You J, Tang M, Zhang X, Xu M, Yang T, Rao Z. Improving prodigiosin production by transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering in Serratia marcescens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977337. [PMID: 35992721 PMCID: PMC9382025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, has attracted attention due to its immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Although many studies have been used to dissect the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory network of prodigiosin production in S. marcescens, few studies have been focused on improving prodigiosin production through metabolic engineering in this strain. In this study, transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering was used to promote the production of prodigiosin in S. marcescens JNB5-1. Firstly, through construing of a Tn5G transposon insertion library of strain JNB5-1, it was found that the DNA-binding response regulator BVG89_19895 (OmpR) can promote prodigiosin synthesis in this strain. Then, using RNA-Seq analysis, reporter green fluorescent protein analysis and RT-qPCR analysis, the promoter P17 (PRplJ) was found to be a strong constitutive promoter in strain JNB5-1. Finally, the promoter P17 was used for overexpressing of prodigiosin synthesis activator OmpR and PsrA in strain JNB5-1 and a recombinant strain PG-6 was obtained. Shake flask analysis showed that the prodigiosin titer of this strain was increased to 10.25 g/L, which was 1.62-times that of the original strain JNB5-1 (6.33 g/L). Taken together, this is the first well-characterized constitutive promoter library from S. marcescens, and the transcription factor engineering and promoter engineering can be also useful strategies to improve the production of other high value-added products in S. marcescens.
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Feng Z, Lu X, Chen C, Huo Y, Zhou D. Transboundary intercellular communications between Penicillium and bacterial communities during sludge bulking: Inspirations on quenching fungal dominance. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118829. [PMID: 35839592 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal bulking is caused by the evolution toward a fungi-dominant unbalanced sludge system, which is indeed the phenomenon of fungi competing against bacterial cells. We hypothesized that the cross-kingdom intercellular communication between fungi and bacteria was internal driving force that stimulated fungal bulking. In this study, we identified three signal molecules related to Penicillium fungi bulking under low-pH stress in an activated sludge reactor, which inspired us to propose a sludge bulking prevention strategy using the quorum quenching theory. When pH dropped from 7.0 to 4.5, the abundance of Penicillium increased from 12.5% to 44.8%. However, some functional bacterial genera, such as Nitrosomonas and Sphingopyxis, were washed out from the sludge. The production of quorum-sensing (QS) molecules N-Heptanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C7-HSL), N-Dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL), and N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C14-HSL) was regulated with sludge bulking; especially the response of the latter two was significantly negative to Penicillium blooming (P < 0.05). To test their roles, trace commercial C12-HSL and C14-HSL were added to Penicillium culture, successfully causing 8.3% and 30.2% inhibition of mycelial formation, respectively. They also contributed to the improvement of activated sludge settleability by 6.1% and 39.7%, respectively (represented by sludge volume index). The transcriptome technique further revealed the regulation of the expression of genes in |logFC| >1, involving signal transduction, mycelium synthesis, and metabolic pathways. Our study provided an innovative strategy for controlling fungal bulking from the perspective of microbial transboundary informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Feng
- Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Congli Chen
- Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yang Huo
- College of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties of prodigiosin produced by a newly isolated Serratia sp. C6LB from a milk collection center. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xiang T, Zhou W, Xu C, Xu J, Liu R, Wang N, Xu L, Zhao Y, Luo M, Mo X, Mao Z, Wan Y. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Competitive Growth Advantage of Non-pigmented Serratia marcescens Mutants. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:793202. [PMID: 35058908 PMCID: PMC8764370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a common bacterium well-known for the red secondary metabolite prodigiosin. However, color mutants have long been described. Non-pigmented strains can be found to exist both naturally and under laboratory conditions. It is unclear why S. marcescens loses prodigiosin synthesis capacity in certain conditions. In the present study, we find that the spontaneous color mutants arise within a few generations (about five passages) and rapidly replace the wild-type parent cells (about 24 passages), which indicates a growth advantage of the former. Although, the loss of prodigiosin synthesis genes (pigA-N) is frequently reported as the major reason for pigment deficiency, it was unexpected that the whole gene cluster is completely preserved in the different color morphotypes. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicates a dramatic variation at the transcriptional level. Most of the pig genes are significantly downregulated in the color morphotypes which directly lead to prodigiosin dyssynthesis. Besides, the transcriptional changes of several other genes have been noticed, of which transcriptional regulators, membrane proteins, and nearly all type VI secretion system (T6SS) components are generally downregulated, while both amino acid metabolite and transport systems are activated. In addition, we delete the transcription regulator slyA to generate a non-pigmented mutant. The ΔslyA strain loses prodigiosin synthesis capacity, but has a higher cell density, and surprisingly enhances the virulence as an entomopathogen. These data indicate that S. marcescens shuts down several high-cost systems and activates the amino acid degradation and transport pathways at the transcriptional level to obtain extra resources, which provides new insights into the competitive growth advantage of bacterial spontaneous color mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xiang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cailing Xu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minhui Luo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Mo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Mao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongji Wan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology and Applied Microbiology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mnif S, Jardak M, Bouizgarne B, Aifa S. Prodigiosin from Serratia: Synthesis and potential applications. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.345515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Pan X, Tang M, You J, Osire T, Sun C, Fu W, Yi G, Yang T, Yang ST, Rao Z. PsrA is a novel regulator contributes to antibiotic synthesis, bacterial virulence, cell motility and extracellular polysaccharides production in Serratia marcescens. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:127-148. [PMID: 34893884 PMCID: PMC8754645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family that can produce numbers of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind secondary metabolites biosynthesis in S. marcescens remains limited. In this study, we identified an uncharacterized LysR family transcriptional regulator, encoding gene BVG90_12635, here we named psrA, that positively controlled prodigiosin synthesis in S. marcescens. This phenotype corresponded to PsrA positive control of transcriptional of the prodigiosin-associated pig operon by directly binding to a regulatory binding site (RBS) and an activating binding site (ABS) in the promoter region of the pig operon. We demonstrated that L-proline is an effector for the PsrA, which enhances the binding affinity of PsrA to its target promoters. Using transcriptomics and further experiments, we show that PsrA indirectly regulates pleiotropic phenotypes, including serrawettin W1 biosynthesis, extracellular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, swarming motility and T6SS-mediated antibacterial activity in S. marcescens. Collectively, this study proposes that PsrA is a novel regulator that contributes to antibiotic synthesis, bacterial virulence, cell motility and extracellular polysaccharides production in S. marcescens and provides important clues for future studies exploring the function of the PsrA and PsrA-like proteins which are widely present in many other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weilai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363500, China
| | - Ganfeng Yi
- Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363500, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Jia X, Liu F, Zhao K, Lin J, Fang Y, Cai S, Lin C, Zhang H, Chen L, Chen J. Identification of Essential Genes Associated With Prodigiosin Production in Serratia marcescens FZSF02. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705853. [PMID: 34367107 PMCID: PMC8339205 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin is a promising secondary metabolite produced mainly by Serratia strains. To study the global regulatory mechanism of prodigiosin biosynthesis, a mutagenesis library containing 23,000 mutant clones was constructed with the EZ-Tn5 transposon, and 114 clones in the library showed altered prodigiosin production ability. For 37 of the 114 clones, transposon insertion occurred on the prodigiosin biosynthetic cluster genes; transposon inserted genes of the 77 clones belonged to 33 different outside prodigiosin biosynthetic cluster genes. These 33 genes can be divided into transcription-regulating genes, membrane protein-encoding genes, and metabolism enzyme-encoding genes. Most of the genes were newly reported to be involved in prodigiosin production. Transcriptional levels of the pigA gene were significantly downregulated in 22 mutants with different inserted genes, which was in accordance with the phenotype of decreased prodigiosin production. Functional confirmation of the mutant genes involved in the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway was carried out by adding orotate and uridylate (UMP) into the medium. Gene complementation confirmed the regulatory function of the EnvZ/OmpR two-component regulatory system genes envZ and ompR in prodigiosin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Jia
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangchen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shouping Cai
- Institute of Forest Protection, Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenqiang Lin
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longjun Chen
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural and Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Hegazy WAH, Khayat MT, Ibrahim TS, Youns M, Mosbah R, Soliman WE. Repurposing of antidiabetics as Serratia marcescens virulence inhibitors. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:627-638. [PMID: 33686563 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serratia marcescens becomes an apparent nosocomial pathogen and causes a variety of infections. S. marcescens possess various virulence factors that are regulated by intercellular communication system quorum sensing (QS). Targeting bacterial virulence is a proposed strategy to overcome bacterial resistance. Sitagliptin anti-QS activity has been demonstrated previously and we aimed in this study to investigate the effects of antidiabetic drugs vildagliptin and metformin compared to sitagliptin on S. marcescens pathogenesis. METHODS We assessed the effects of tested drugs in subinhibitory concentrations phenotypically on the virulence factors and genotypically on the virulence encoding genes' expressions. The protection of tested drugs on S. marcescens pathogenesis was performed in vivo. Molecular docking study has been conducted to evaluate the interference capabilities of tested drugs to the SmaR QS receptor. RESULTS Vildagliptin reduced the expression of virulence encoding genes but did not show in vitro or in vivo anti-virulence activities. Metformin reduced the expression of virulence encoding genes and inhibited bacterial virulence in vitro but did not show in vivo protection. Sitagliptin significantly inhibited virulence factors in vitro, reduced the expression of virulence factors and protected mice from S. marcescens. Docking study revealed that sitagliptin is more active than metformin and fully binds to SmaR receptor, whereas vildagliptin had single interaction to SmaR. CONCLUSION The downregulation of virulence genes was not enough to show anti-virulence activities. Hindering of QS receptors may play a crucial role in diminishing bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A H Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Maan T Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Youns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mosbah
- Infection control Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Wafaa E Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, AL AHSA, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
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16
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Zaitseva YV, Lipasova VA, Koksharova OA, Plyuta VA, Demidyuk IV, Chernin LS, Khmel IA. Peculiarities of the SprIR Quorum Sensing System of Serratia proteamaculans 94 and Its Involvement in Regulation of Cellular Processes. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Regulator RcsB Controls Prodigiosin Synthesis and Various Cellular Processes in Serratia marcescens JNB5-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02052-20. [PMID: 33158890 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02052-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment normally secreted by Serratia marcescens, has received attention for its reported immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Although several genes have been shown to be important for prodigiosin synthesis, information on the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remains limited. In this work, we identified that the transcriptional regulator RcsB encoding gene BVG90_13250 (rcsB) negatively controlled prodigiosin biosynthesis in S. marcescens Disruption of rcsB conferred a remarkably increased production of prodigiosin. This phenotype corresponded to negative control of transcription of the prodigiosin-associated pig operon by RcsB, probably by binding to the promoter region of the prodigiosin synthesis positive regulator FlhDC. Moreover, using transcriptomics and further experiments, we revealed that RcsB also controlled some other important cellular processes, including swimming and swarming motilities, capsular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and acid resistance (AR), in S. marcescens Collectively, this work proposes that RcsB is a prodigiosin synthesis repressor in S. marcescens and provides insight into the regulatory mechanism of RcsB in cell motility, capsular polysaccharide production, and acid resistance in S. marcescens IMPORTANCE RcsB is a two-component response regulator in the Rcs phosphorelay system, and it plays versatile regulatory functions in Enterobacteriaceae However, information on the function of the RcsB protein in bacteria, especially in S. marcescens, remains limited. In this work, we illustrated experimentally that the RcsB protein was involved in diverse cellular processes in S. marcescens, including prodigiosin synthesis, cell motility, capsular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and acid resistance. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of the RcsB protein in these cellular processes was investigated. In conclusion, this work indicated that RcsB could be a regulator for prodigiosin synthesis and provides insight into the function of the RcsB protein in S. marcescens.
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18
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Sethupathy S, Sathiyamoorthi E, Kim YG, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Properties of Indoles Against Serratia marcescens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584812. [PMID: 33193228 PMCID: PMC7662412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole and its derivatives have been shown to interfere with the quorum sensing (QS) systems of a wide range of bacterial pathogens. While indole has been previously shown to inhibit QS in Serratia marcescens, the effects of various indole derivatives on QS, biofilm formation, and virulence of S. marcescens remain unexplored. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effects of 51 indole derivatives on S. marcescens biofilm formation, QS, and virulence factor production. The results obtained revealed that several indole derivatives (3-indoleacetonitrile, 5-fluoroindole, 6-fluoroindole, 7-fluoroindole, 7-methylindole, 7-nitroindole, 5-iodoindole, 5-fluoro-2-methylindole, 2-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde, and 5-methylindole) dose-dependently interfered with quorum sensing (QS) and suppressed prodigiosin production, biofilm formation, swimming motility, and swarming motility. Further assays showed 6-fluoroindole and 7-methylindole suppressed fimbria-mediated yeast agglutination, extracellular polymeric substance production, and secretions of virulence factors (e.g., proteases and lipases). QS assays on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 confirmed that indole derivatives interfered with QS. The current results demonstrate the antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of indole derivatives and their potentials in applications targeting S. marcescens virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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19
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Lau YY, How KY, Yin WF, Chan KG. Functional characterization of quorum sensing LuxR-type transcriptional regulator, EasR in Enterobacter asburiae strain L1. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10068. [PMID: 33150063 PMCID: PMC7585371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, Enterobacter spp. have been identified as challenging and important pathogens. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteria especially those that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase has been a very worrying health crisis. Although efforts have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenicity of different Enterobacter spp., there is very little information associated with AHL-type QS mechanism in Enterobacter spp. Signaling via N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) is the most common quorum sensing (QS) mechanism utilized by Proteobacteria. A typical AHL-based QS system involves two key players: a luxI gene homolog to synthesize AHLs and a luxR gene homolog, an AHL-dependent transcriptional regulator. These signaling molecules enable inter-species and intra-species interaction in response to external stimuli according to population density. In our recent study, we reported the genome of AHL-producing bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae strain L1. Whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis revealed the presence of a pair of luxI/R genes responsible for AHL-type QS, designated as easI/R, in strain L1. In a QS system, a LuxR transcriptional protein detects and responds to the concentration of a specific AHL controlling gene expression. In E. asburiae strain L1, EasR protein binds to its cognate AHLs, N-butanoyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N–hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), modulating the expression of targeted genes. In this current work, we have cloned the 693 bp luxR homolog of strain L1 for further characterization. The functionality and specificity of EasR protein in response to different AHL signaling molecules to activate gene transcription were tested and validated with β-galactosidase assays. Higher β-galactosidase activities were detected for cells harboring EasR, indicating EasR is a functional transcriptional regulator. This is the first report documenting the cloning and characterization of transcriptional regulator, luxR homolog of E. asburiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Lau
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Kah Yan How
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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20
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Abbas HA, Hegazy WAH. Repurposing anti-diabetic drug "Sitagliptin" as a novel virulence attenuating agent in Serratia marcescens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231625. [PMID: 32298346 PMCID: PMC7162429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serratia marcescens is an emerging pathogen that causes a variety of health care associated infections. S. marcescens is equipped with an arsenal of virulence factors such as biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motilities, prodigiosin, protease and others which enable it to initiate and cause the infection. These virulence factors are orchestrated under the umbrella of an intercellular communication system named Quorum sensing (QS). QS allows bacterial population to synchronize the expression of virulence genes upon detection of a chemical signaling molecule. Targeting bacterial virulence is a promising approach to attenuate bacteria and enhances the ability of immune system to eradicate the bacterial infection. Drug repurposing is an advantageous strategy that confers new applications for drugs outside the scope of their original medical use. This promising strategy offers the use of safe approved compounds, which potentially lowers the costs and shortens the time than that needed for development of new drugs. Sitagliptin is dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is used to treat diabetes mellitus type II as it increases the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas. We aimed in this study to repurpose sitagliptin, investigating the anti-virulence activities of sitagliptin on S. marcescens. Methods The effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of sitagliptin on virulence factors; protease, prodigiosin, biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motilities was estimated phenotypically. The qRT-PCR was used to show the effect of sitagliptin on the expression of QS-regulated virulence genes. The in-vivo protective activity of sitagliptin on S. marcescens pathogenesis was evaluated on mice. Results Sitagliptin (1 mg/ml) significantly reduced the biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motilities, prodigiosin and protease. The qRT-PCR confirmed the effect on virulence as shown by down regulating the expression of fimA, fimC, flhC, flhD, bsmB, rssB, rsmA, pigP, and shlA genes. Moreover, the in-vivo findings showed the efficient ability of sitagliptin to weaken S. marcescens pathogenesis. Conclusion Sitagliptin is a promising anti-virulence agent against S. marcescens that may be beneficial in the control of healthcare associated infections caused by S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A. Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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21
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LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator MetR Controls Prodigiosin Production, Methionine Biosynthesis, Cell Motility, H 2O 2 Tolerance, Heat Tolerance, and Exopolysaccharide Synthesis in Serratia marcescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02241-19. [PMID: 31791952 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02241-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite produced by Serratia marcescens, has attracted attention due to its immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, information on the regulatory mechanism behind prodigiosin biosynthesis in S. marcescens remains limited. In this work, a prodigiosin-hyperproducing strain with the BVG90_22495 gene disrupted (ZK66) was selected from a collection of Tn5G transposon insertion mutants. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, β-galactosidase assays, transcriptomics analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), the LysR-type regulator MetR encoded by the BVG90_22495 gene was found to affect prodigiosin synthesis, and this correlated with MetR directly binding to the promoter region of the prodigiosin-synthesis positive regulator PigP and hence negatively regulated the expression of the prodigiosin-associated pig operon. More analyses revealed that MetR regulated some other important cellular processes, including methionine biosynthesis, cell motility, H2O2 tolerance, heat tolerance, exopolysaccharide synthesis, and biofilm formation in S. marcescens Although MetR protein is highly conserved in many bacteria, we report here on the LysR-type regulator MetR exhibiting novel roles in negatively regulating prodigiosin synthesis and positively regulating heat tolerance, exopolysaccharide synthesis, and biofilm formation.IMPORTANCE Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative bacterium, is found in a wide range of ecological niches and can produce several secondary metabolites, including prodigiosin, althiomycin, and serratamolide. Among them, prodigiosin shows diverse functions as an immunosuppressant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind prodigiosin synthesis in S. marcescens are not completely understood. Here, we adapted a transposon mutant library to identify the genes related to prodigiosin synthesis, and the BVG90_22495 gene encoding the LysR-type regulator MetR was found to negatively regulate prodigiosin synthesis. The molecular mechanism of the metR mutant hyperproducing prodigiosin was investigated. Additionally, we provided evidence supporting new roles for MetR in regulating methionine biosynthesis, cell motility, heat tolerance, H2O2 tolerance, and exopolysaccharide synthesis in S. marcescens Collectively, this work provides novel insight into regulatory mechanisms of prodigiosin synthesis and uncovers novel roles for the highly conserved MetR protein in regulating prodigiosin synthesis, heat tolerance, exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, and biofilm formation.
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Takayama Y, Kato N. Inhibition of quorum sensing in opportunistic pathogen, Serratia marcescens, using cyclodextrin-immobilized, multiple parallel gel filaments fabricated with dynamic flow of polymer blend solution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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SprI/SprR Quorum Sensing System of Serratia proteamaculans 94. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3865780. [PMID: 31915691 PMCID: PMC6930789 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3865780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the quorum sensing (QS) regulatory system of the psychrotrophic strain Serratia proteamaculans 94 isolated from spoiled refrigerated meat. The strain produced several N-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone (AHL) QS signal molecules, with N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone as two main types. The sprI and sprR genes encoding an AHL synthase and a receptor regulatory protein, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of their nucleotide sequence showed that these genes were transcribed convergently and that their reading frames partly overlapped by 23 bp in the terminal regions. The genes were highly similar to the luxI/luxR-type QS genes of other Gram-negative bacteria. An spr-box (analog of the lux-box) was identified upstream of the sprR gene and found to be overlapped with the sequence of -10 sequence site in the promoter region of this gene. Inactivation of the sprI gene led to the absence of AHL synthesis, chitinolytic activity, and swimming motility; decrease of extracellular proteolytic activity; affected the cellular fatty acid composition; and reduced suppression of the fungal plant pathogen mycelium growth by volatile compounds emitted by strain S. proteamaculans 94. The data obtained demonstrated the important role of the QS system in the regulation of cellular processes in S. proteamaculans 94.
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Pan X, Sun C, Tang M, Liu C, Zhang J, You J, Osire T, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu M, Yang T, Rao Z. Loss of Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase DacA Enhances Prodigiosin Production in Serratia marcescens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:367. [PMID: 31850328 PMCID: PMC6901396 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens, a gram-negative bacterium, found in a wide range of ecological niches can produce several high-value products, including prodigiosin, althiomycin, and serratamolide. Among them, prodigiosin has attracted attention due to its immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind prodigiosin synthesis in Serratia marcescens remains limited. Here, a transposon mutant library was constructed to identify the genes related to prodigiosin synthesis, and BVG90_02415 gene encoding a peptidoglycan synthesizing enzyme D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase DacA was found to negatively regulates prodigiosin synthesis. Quantitative measurements revealed that disruption of dacA increased prodigiosin production 1.46-fold that of the wild-type strain JNB5-1 in fermentation medium. By comparing differences in cell growth, pigA gene expression level, cell morphology, membrane permeability, and intracellular prodigiosin concentration between wild-type strain JNB5-1 and dacA mutant SK4-72, results revealed that the mechanism for hyper-producing of prodigiosin by the dacA mutant was probably that dacA disruption enhanced prodigiosin leakage, which in turn alleviated feedback inhibition of prodigiosin and increased expression of pig gene cluster. Collectively, this work provides a novel insight into regulatory mechanisms of prodigiosin synthesis and uncovers new roles of DacA protein in regulating cell growth, cell morphology, and membrane permeability in Serratia marcescens. Finally, this study offers a new strategy for improving production of high-value compounds in Serratia marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Youxi Zhao
- Biochemical Engineering College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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Sakuraoka R, Suzuki T, Morohoshi T. Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Genes Involved in Quorum Sensing and Prodigiosin Biosynthesis in the Complete Genome Sequences of Serratia marcescens. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:931-936. [PMID: 30840067 PMCID: PMC6433178 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression. N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (AHL) is a major quorum-sensing signaling molecule in gram-negative bacteria and synthesized by the LuxI family protein. The genus Serratia is known as a producer of the red pigment, prodigiosin, whose biosynthesis is dependent on the pig gene cluster. Some Serratia strains regulate prodigiosin production via AHL-mediated quorum sensing, whereas there is red-pigmented Serratia strains without quorum-sensing system. In addition, nonpigmented Serratia marcescens, which does not produce prodigiosin, has also been isolated from natural and clinical environments. In this study, we aim to reveal the distribution and genetic diversity of quorum-sensing genes and pig gene cluster in the complete genome sequences of S. marcescens. We previously demonstrated that S. marcescens AS-1 regulates the production of prodigiosin via AHL-mediated quorum sensing. We sequenced the genomes of AS-1 and compared with the complete genomes of AS-1 and the other 34 strains of S. marcescens. The luxI homolog was present on 25 complete genome sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the luxI homolog were divided into three phylogenetic classes. In contrast, the pig gene cluster was present in the genome of seven S. marcescens strains and only two strains, AS-1 and N4-5 contained both the luxI homolog and pig gene cluster in their genome. It is therefore assumed that prodigiosin production and its regulation by quorum sensing are not essential for the life cycle of S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sakuraoka
- Department of Innovation Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morohoshi
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Japan
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Ravindran A, Sunderrajan S, Pennathur G. Phylogenetic Studies on the Prodigiosin Biosynthetic Operon. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:597-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou JW, Ruan LY, Chen HJ, Luo HZ, Jiang H, Wang JS, Jia AQ. Inhibition of Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Serratia marcescens by Hordenine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:784-795. [PMID: 30609368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens NJ01 is a pathogenic bacterium isolated from diseased tomato leaves. Here, we report on the development of a tomato- S. marcescens host-pathogen system as a model to evaluate the effects of hordenine on quorum sensing (QS)-mediated pathogenicity under native conditions. Exposure to hordenine at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL significantly inhibited the production of acyl-homoserine lactones and the formation of biofilms. Hordenine treatment notably enhanced the susceptibility of the preformed biofilms to ciprofloxacin by reducing the production of extracellular polysaccharides, destroying the architecture of biofilms, and changing the permeability of membranes, as evidenced by the scattered appearance and dominant red fluorescence in the combination-treated biofilms. Furthermore, the addition of hordenine affected the production of virulence factors, influenced the intracellular metabolites, and downregulated the expressions of QS- and biofilm-related genes. The plant infection model indicated that hordenine could significantly attenuate the pathogenicity of S. marcescens NJ01 in tomato plants. Thus, hordenine could act as a potential pesticide or pesticide accelerant in treating crop infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Zhi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210094 , People's Republic of China
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Liu L, Yan Y, Feng L, Zhu J. Quorum sensing asaI mutants affect spoilage phenotypes, motility, and biofilm formation in a marine fish isolate of Aeromonas salmonicida. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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The Quorum Sensing System of Yersinia enterocolitica 8081 Regulates Swimming Motility, Host Cell Attachment, and Virulence Plasmid Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060307. [PMID: 29925778 PMCID: PMC6027161 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Yersinia enterocolitica genomes are highly heterogeneous, they contain a conserved N-acylhomoserine lactone-dependent (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) system consisting of the luxR and luxI orthologs yenR and yenI respectively. Certain hypervirulent strains also contain a putative orphan luxR gene, ycoR, that is not linked to an AHL synthase. To explore the contribution of yenR/yenI/ycoR to QS-dependent phenotypes in Yersinia enterocolitica strain 8081, single and multiple mutants were constructed. AHL profiling identified N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone, N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone, and N-(3-oxoseptanoyl) homoserine lactone as the most abundant. The AHL profiles of the yenR, ycoR and yenR/ycoR mutants were similar to the parent suggesting that the two LuxR homologues do not regulate AHL production while the yenI mutants were AHL-negative. A role for QS in swimming motility and cell attachment was demonstrated. Down-regulation of the virulence plasmid partition gene, spyA, in yenI and yenI/yenR/ycoR mutants is consistent with the greater loss of the Y. enterocolitica pYVe virulence plasmid in the yenI mutant during serial passage at 37 °C but not at 22 °C. A role for QS-regulated spyA in virulence plasmid maintenance is suggested.
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Liu J, Fu K, Wu C, Qin K, Li F, Zhou L. "In-Group" Communication in Marine Vibrio: A Review of N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones-Driven Quorum Sensing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:139. [PMID: 29868495 PMCID: PMC5952220 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (N-AHLs) are an important group of small quorum-sensing molecules generated and released into the surroundings by Gram-negative bacteria. N-AHLs play a crucial role in various infection-related biological processes of marine Vibrio species, including survival, colonization, invasion, and pathogenesis. With the increasing problem of antibiotic abuse and subsequently the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, studies on AHLs are therefore expected to bring potential new breakthroughs for the prevention and treatment of Vibrio infections. This article starts from AHLs generation in marine Vibrio, and then discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and trends in the future development of various detection methods for AHLs characterization. In addition to a detailed classification of the various marine Vibrio-derived AHL types that have been reported over the years, the regulatory mechanisms of AHLs and their roles in marine Vibrio biofilms, pathogenicity and interaction with host cells are also highlighted. Intervention measures for AHLs in different stages are systematically reviewed, and the prospects of their future development and application are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifei Fu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Qin
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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31
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Ravindran D, Ramanathan S, Arunachalam K, Jeyaraj G, Shunmugiah K, Arumugam V. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles as antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm agent against the nosocomial pathogen Serratia marcescens
: an in vitro
study. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1425-1440. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology; Science Campus; Alagappa University; Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Ramanathan
- Department of Biotechnology; Science Campus; Alagappa University; Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology; Science Campus; Alagappa University; Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India
| | - G.P. Jeyaraj
- TIL Biosciences - Animal Health Division of Tablets (India) Limited; Jhaver Centre; Egmore Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - K.P. Shunmugiah
- Department of Biotechnology; Science Campus; Alagappa University; Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India
| | - V.R. Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology; Science Campus; Alagappa University; Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India
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An IgaA/UmoB Family Protein from Serratia marcescens Regulates Motility, Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis, and Secondary Metabolite Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02575-17. [PMID: 29305504 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02575-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are an important source of pharmaceuticals and key modulators of microbe-microbe interactions. The bacterium Serratia marcescens is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of eubacteria and produces a number of biologically active secondary metabolites. In this study, we screened for novel regulators of secondary metabolites synthesized by a clinical isolate of S. marcescens and found mutations in a gene for an uncharacterized UmoB/IgaA family member here named gumB Mutation of gumB conferred a severe loss of the secondary metabolites prodigiosin and serratamolide. The gumB mutation conferred pleiotropic phenotypes, including altered biofilm formation, highly increased capsular polysaccharide production, and loss of swimming and swarming motility. These phenotypes corresponded to transcriptional changes in fimA, wecA, and flhD Unlike other UmoB/IgaA family members, gumB was found to be not essential for growth in S. marcescens, yet igaA from Salmonella enterica, yrfF from Escherichia coli, and an uncharacterized predicted ortholog from Klebsiella pneumoniae complemented the gumB mutant secondary metabolite defects, suggesting highly conserved function. These data support the idea that UmoB/IgaA family proteins are functionally conserved and extend the known regulatory influence of UmoB/IgaA family proteins to the control of competition-associated secondary metabolites and biofilm formation.IMPORTANCE IgaA/UmoB family proteins are found in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria, which are of environmental and public health importance. IgaA/UmoB family proteins are thought to be inner membrane proteins that report extracellular stresses to intracellular signaling pathways that respond to environmental challenge. This study introduces a new member of the IgaA/UmoB family and demonstrates a high degree of functional similarity between IgaA/UmoB family proteins. Moreover, this study extends the phenomena controlled by IgaA/UmoB family proteins to include the biosynthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites.
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33
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Srinivasan R, Mohankumar R, Kannappan A, Karthick Raja V, Archunan G, Karutha Pandian S, Ruckmani K, Veera Ravi A. Exploring the Anti-quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Phytol against Serratia marcescens Associated Acute Pyelonephritis Infection in Wistar Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:498. [PMID: 29259923 PMCID: PMC5723315 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism, a bacterial density-dependent gene expression system, governs the Serratia marcescens pathogenesis through the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The present study demonstrates the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), antibiofilm potential and in vivo protective effect of phytol, a diterpene alcohol broadly utilized as food additive and in therapeutics fields. In vitro treatment of phytol (5 and 10 μg/ml) showed decreasing level of biofilm formation, lipase and hemolysin production in S. marcescens compared to their respective controls. More, microscopic analyses confirmed the antibiofilm potential of phytol. The biofilm related phenomenons such as swarming motility and exopolysccharide productions were also inhibited by phytol. Furthermore, the real-time analysis elucidated the molecular mechanism of phytol which showed downregulation of fimA, fimC, flhC, flhD, bsmB, pigP, and shlA gene expressions. On the other hand, the in vivo rescue effect of phytol was assessed against S. marcescens associated acute pyelonephritis in Wistar rat. Compared to the infected and vehicle controls, the phytol treated groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed decreased level of bacterial counts in kidney, bladder tissues and urine samples on the 5th post infection day. As well, the phytol treatment showed reduced level of virulence enzymes such as lipase and protease productions compared to the infected and vehicle controls. Further, the infected and vehicle controls showed increasing level of inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) productions. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed decreasing level of inflammatory markers. In histopathology, the uninfected animal showed normal kidney and bladder structure, wherein, the infected animals showed extensive infiltration of neutrophils in kidney and bladder tissues. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed normal kidney and bladder tissues. Additionally, the toxic effect of phytol (200 mg/kg) was assessed by single dose toxicity analysis. No changes were observed in hematological, biochemical profiles and histopathological analysis of vital organs in phytol treated animals compared to the untreated controls. Hence, this study suggested the potential use of phytol for its anti-QS, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties against S. marcescens infections and their associated inflammation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramar Mohankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | | | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Centre for Pheromone Technology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Kandasamy Ruckmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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34
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Vanillic acid from Actinidia deliciosa impedes virulence in Serratia marcescens by affecting S-layer, flagellin and fatty acid biosynthesis proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16328. [PMID: 29180790 PMCID: PMC5703977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is one of the important nosocomial pathogens which rely on quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of biofilm and several virulence factors. Hence, blocking of QS has become a promising approach to quench the virulence of S. marcescens. For the first time, QS inhibitory (QSI) and antibiofilm potential of Actinidia deliciosa have been explored against S. marcescens clinical isolate (CI). A. deliciosa pulp extract significantly inhibited the virulence and biofilm production without any deleterious effect on the growth. Vanillic acid was identified as an active lead responsible for the QSI activity. Addition of vanillic acid to the growth medium significantly affected the QS regulated production of biofilm and virulence factors in a concentration dependent mode in S. marcescens CI, ATCC 14756 and MG1. Furthermore vanillic acid increased the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans upon S. marcescens infection. Proteomic analysis and mass spectrometric identification of differentially expressed proteins revealed the ability of vanillic acid to modulate the expression of proteins involved in S-layers, histidine, flagellin and fatty acid production. QSI potential of the vanillic acid observed in the current study paves the way for exploring it as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat S. marcescens infections.
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35
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Shanks RMQ, Stella NA, Lahr RM, Aston MA, Brothers KM, Callaghan JD, Sigindere C, Liu X. Suppressor analysis of eepR mutant defects reveals coordinate regulation of secondary metabolites and serralysin biosynthesis by EepR and HexS. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:280-288. [PMID: 28270264 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The EepR transcription factor positively regulates secondary metabolites and tissue-damaging metalloproteases. To gain insight into mechanisms by which EepR regulates pigment and co-regulated factors, genetic suppressor analysis was performed. Suppressor mutations that restored pigment to the non-pigmented ∆eepR mutant mapped to the hexS ORF. Mutation of hexS also restored haemolysis, swarming motility and protease production to the eepR mutant. HexS is a known direct and negative regulator of secondary metabolites in Serratia marcescens and is a LysR family regulator and an orthologue of LrhA. Here, we demonstrate that HexS directly controls eepR and the serralysin gene prtS. EepR was shown to directly regulate eepR expression but indirectly regulate hexS expression. Together, these data indicate that EepR and HexS oppose each other in controlling stationary phase-associated molecules and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Q Shanks
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Stella
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roni M Lahr
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marissa A Aston
- Present address: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Brothers
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jake D Callaghan
- Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cihad Sigindere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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36
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Liu J, Fu K, Wang Y, Wu C, Li F, Shi L, Ge Y, Zhou L. Detection of Diverse N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones in Vibrio alginolyticus and Regulation of Biofilm Formation by N-(3-Oxodecanoyl) Homoserine Lactone In vitro. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1097. [PMID: 28670299 PMCID: PMC5472671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system based on the exchange of small intercellular signal molecules, such as N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), which act as cell-density mediators of QS gene expression, and are highly variable both in types and amounts in most Gram-negative Proteobacteria. Understanding the regulation of AHLs may contribute to the elucidation of cell density-dependent phenomena, such as biofilm formation. Vibrio alginolyticus is among the most frequently observed marine opportunistic Vibrio pathogens. However, AHL production of this species and its effects on biofilm formation remain to be understood. Here, our study reported the diverse AHL profiles of 47 marine-isolated V. alginolyticus strains and the effects of exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL on biofilm formation under different temperature conditions (16°C and 28°C). A total of 11 detected AHLs were produced by the isolates, of which 3-OH-C4-HSL, 3-oxo-C10-HSL and 3-oxo-C14-HSL comprised the largest proportions. We also observed that moderate levels of exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL (10 and 20 μM) could induce or enhance biofilm formation and alter its structure, while high levels (40 and 100 μM) did not significantly improve and even inhibited biofilm formation in V. alginolyticus. Further, regulation by exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL was both concentration- and temperature-dependent in V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China.,Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Kaifei Fu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yinlin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
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37
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Ji Y, Pan T, Zhang Y, Xiong G, Yu Y. Functional analysis of a novel repressor LuxR in Comamonas testosteroni. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:113-120. [PMID: 28274720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni (C. testosteroni) ATCC11996 is a gram negative bacterium which can use steroid as a carbon and energy source. 3,17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3,17β-HSD) is a key enzyme for the degradation of steroid hormones in C. testosteroni. The LuxR regulation family is a group of regulatory proteins which play important role in gram negative bacterium. The luxr gene is located on 58 kb upstream of 3,17β-HSD gene with the opposite transcription orientation in the chromosomal DNA of C. testosteroni. An open reading frame of this putative luxr gene consists of 1125 bp and is translated into a protein containing 374 amino acids. The luxr gene was cloned into plasmid pK18 and plasmid pK-LuxR1 was obtained. E. coli HB101 was co-transformed by pK-LuxR1 and pUC912-10, pUC1128-5 or pUC3.2-4 (which contain βhsd gene and different length promoter, repeat sequences). The result of ELISA showed that LuxR protein is a negative regulator for 3,17β-HSD expression. The luxr gene in C. testosteroni was knock-out by homologous integration. 3,17β-HSD expression was increased in the mutant (C.T.-L-KO1) comparing to that in wild-type C. testosteroni (C.T.) after 0.5 mM testosterone induction. The mutant C.T.-L-KO1 and wild-type C. testosteroni were cultured at 27 °C and 37 °C. The result of growth curve proved that LuxR has also effect on the bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of Family Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, China; Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yang Zhang
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yuanhua Yu
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, 130022 Changchun, China.
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38
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Patel NM, Moore JD, Blackwell HE, Amador-Noguez D. Identification of Unanticipated and Novel N-Acyl L-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) Using a Sensitive Non-Targeted LC-MS/MS Method. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163469. [PMID: 27706219 PMCID: PMC5051804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acyl L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) constitute a predominant class of quorum-sensing signaling molecules used by Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report a sensitive and non-targeted HPLC-MS/MS method based on parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify and quantitate known, unanticipated, and novel AHLs in microbial samples. Using a hybrid quadrupole-high resolution mass analyzer, this method integrates MS scans and all-ion fragmentation MS/MS scans to allow simultaneous detection of AHL parent-ion masses and generation of full mass spectra at high resolution and high mass accuracy in a single chromatographic run. We applied this method to screen for AHL production in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria (i.e. B. cepacia, E. tarda, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, and R. sphaeroides) and discovered that nearly all of them produce a larger set of AHLs than previously reported. Furthermore, we identified production of an uncommon AHL (i.e. 3-oxo-C7-HL) in E. carotovora and P. stewartii, whose production has only been previously observed within the genera Serratia and Yersinia. Finally, we used our method to quantitate AHL degradation in B. cepacia, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, the non-AHL producer E. coli, and the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis. We found that AHL degradation ability varies widely across these microbes, of which B. subtilis and E. carotovora are the best degraders, and observed that there is a general trend for AHLs containing long acyl chains (≥10 carbons) to be degraded at faster rates than AHLs with short acyl chains (≤6 carbons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaben M. Patel
- Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Master of Science in Bacteriology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rastegari B, Karbalaei-Heidari HR. Sulfate as a pivotal factor in regulation of Serratia sp. strain S2B pigment biosynthesis. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:638-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu C, Liu D, Yang X, Wu R, Zhang J, Huang J, He H. Improving Production of Protease from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423 by Random Mutagenesis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:610-618. [PMID: 27752851 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423, a marine strain, can express a major protease designated as E423 and it was secreted into the supernatant. To improve the protease E423 yield, Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423 was subjected to mutagenesis using UV irradiation. Mutant strain with 5.1-fold higher protease yield was isolated and named as Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423-M. Three protease bands were detected by zymography with casein as substrate, and results of mass spectrometry (MS) showed that two lower molecular weight protein bands were the same protease but with different mature forms. The entire protease operon was sequenced and no mutation was found. Mutant strain-associated changes of expression levels of protease synthesis and secretion-related genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mutant strain had higher expression of e423 than wild-type strain. Such result was consistent with protease activity profiles. Moreover, the mutant strain had higher transcriptional levels of citrate synthase (cs), α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase (kgd), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), tolC, hlyD (membrane protein), luxR3, luxO, and luxT (transcriptional regulator). However, hexokinase (hk), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 (pd-e1), epsD (membrane protein), and luxR1 remained unchanged, and luxR2 decreased sharply in the mutant. These results suggested that the redox pathway was promoted in the mutant strain, and LuxR family transcriptional regulators in Pseudoalteromonas spp. may play some role in regulating protease expression. Meanwhile, the secretion of extracellular protease was closely related to ABC transport system. These results may shed some light on the molecular mechanism underlying higher yield of protease E423 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CSN423-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Wu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xinghao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ribang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Takayama Y, Kato N. In vitro analysis of essential binding sites on the promoter of the Serratia marcescens spn operon with the quorum-sensing receptor SpnR. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2513-7. [PMID: 27217017 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) receptor SpnR is a LuxR family protein that acts as a negative regulator of AHL-dependent quorum sensing (QS). SpnR binds to DNA in Serratia marcescens AS-1 via the spn box; however, the binding affinity of SpnR with the nucleotides on the spn box has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used an spn-box-modified sensor electrode, and quartz crystal microbalance analysis demonstrated a drastic reduction of the uptake of SpnR. The nucleotides G5 and C16 at the AHL-receptor complex-binding site are conserved in Gram-negative bacteria, including the lux box in Vibrio fischeri, the tra box in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the spn box in S. marcescens. Indeed, the affinity of SpnR to DNA was reduced to 8% by G5C substitution of the spn box. The affinity of SpnR tagged with maltose-binding protein to the immobilized gene promoter was reduced in the order of C16G and G5C substitutions, which corresponded with previous reports on the lux box. These results suggest that formation of hydrogen bonds at amino acid residues containing guanine at position 5 on a lux-box-like promoter universally contributes to the stability of the receptor complex, whose interaction initiates a sequential QS process in the LuxR family. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2513-2517. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Takayama
- Department of Innovation Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan. .,Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
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42
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Staphylococcus aureus forms spreading dendrites that have characteristics of active motility. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17698. [PMID: 26680153 PMCID: PMC4683532 DOI: 10.1038/srep17698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is historically regarded as a non-motile organism. More recently it has been shown that S. aureus can passively move across agar surfaces in a process called spreading. We re-analysed spreading motility using a modified assay and focused on observing the formation of dendrites: branching structures that emerge from the central colony. We discovered that S. aureus can spread across the surface of media in structures that we term ‘comets’, which advance outwards and precede the formation of dendrites. We observed comets in a diverse selection of S. aureus isolates and they exhibit the following behaviours: (1) They consist of phenotypically distinct cores of cells that move forward and seed other S. aureus cells behind them forming a comet ‘tail’; (2) they move when other cells in the comet tail have stopped moving; (3) the comet core is held together by a matrix of slime; and (4) the comets etch trails in the agar as they move forwards. Comets are not consistent with spreading motility or other forms of passive motility. Comet behaviour does share many similarities with a form of active motility known as gliding. Our observations therefore suggest that S. aureus is actively motile under certain conditions.
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Koul S, Prakash J, Mishra A, Kalia VC. Potential Emergence of Multi-quorum Sensing Inhibitor Resistant (MQSIR) Bacteria. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 56:1-18. [PMID: 26843692 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of certain bacterial genes only at a high bacterial cell density is termed as quorum-sensing (QS). Here bacteria use signaling molecules to communicate among themselves. QS mediated genes are generally involved in the expression of phenotypes such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, competence, nodulation, and virulence. QS systems (QSS) vary from a single in Vibrio spp. to multiple in Pseudomonas and Sinorhizobium species. The complexity of QSS is further enhanced by the multiplicity of signals: (1) peptides, (2) acyl-homoserine lactones, (3) diketopiperazines. To counteract this pathogenic behaviour, a wide range of bioactive molecules acting as QS inhibitors (QSIs) have been elucidated. Unlike antibiotics, QSIs don't kill bacteria and act at much lower concentration than those of antibiotics. Bacterial ability to evolve resistance against multiple drugs has cautioned researchers to develop QSIs which may not generate undue pressure on bacteria to develop resistance against them. In this paper, we have discussed the implications of the diversity and multiplicity of QSS, in acting as an arsenal to withstand attack from QSIs and may use these as reservoirs to develop multi-QSI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Koul
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Jyotsana Prakash
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Charlesworth J, Kimyon O, Manefield M, Burns BP. Detection and characterization of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones using GFP-based biosensors in conjunction with thin-layer chromatography. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 118:164-7. [PMID: 26407505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many microorganisms use quorum sensing to regulate several complex phenotypes, and this is accomplished by the release of a signal molecule(s) into the environment. N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are a common class of signalling molecule utilized by a range of microorganisms (primarily Gram negative bacteria but most recently also archaea) and are often detected through the use of bacterial biosensors. Biosensors can be limited by both their specificity and sensitivity, and the aim of this study was to modify and improve current AHL detection strategies. The biosensor employed in the present study was Escherichia coli MT102 harbouring a plasmid containing a LuxR based biosensor, which produces green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporting mechanism. A new method of visualizing the GFP based biosensor overlaid on silica sheets for the purpose of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is presented. This new method vastly improves sensitivity of AHL detection by a GFP biosensor than previously reported and as such represents a powerful new tool in AHL research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Charlesworth
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
| | - Onder Kimyon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Manefield
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia.
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45
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Takayama Y, Nasuno E, Iimura KI, Morohoshi T, Kato N. Quartz Crystal Microbalance Analyses of SpnR Binding Constants as a Negative Regulator ofN-Acylhomoserine Lactone-dependent Quorum Sensing inSerratia marcescensAS-1. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Takayama
- Department of Innovation Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Eri Nasuno
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
| | - Ken-ichi Iimura
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
| | - Tomohiro Morohoshi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
| | - Norihiro Kato
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University
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46
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Iguchi A, Nagaya Y, Pradel E, Ooka T, Ogura Y, Katsura K, Kurokawa K, Oshima K, Hattori M, Parkhill J, Sebaihia M, Coulthurst SJ, Gotoh N, Thomson NR, Ewbank JJ, Hayashi T. Genome evolution and plasticity of Serratia marcescens, an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 6:2096-110. [PMID: 25070509 PMCID: PMC4231636 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an important nosocomial pathogen that can cause an array of infections, most notably of the urinary tract and bloodstream. Naturally, it is found in many environmental niches, and is capable of infecting plants and animals. The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains producing extended-spectrum or metallo beta-lactamases now pose a threat to public health worldwide. Here we report the complete genome sequences of two carefully selected S. marcescens strains, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate (strain SM39) and an insect isolate (strain Db11). Our comparative analyses reveal the core genome of S. marcescens and define the potential metabolic capacity, virulence, and multidrug resistance of this species. We show a remarkable intraspecies genetic diversity, both at the sequence level and with regards genome flexibility, which may reflect the diversity of niches inhabited by members of this species. A broader analysis with other Serratia species identifies a set of approximately 3,000 genes that characterize the genus. Within this apparent genetic diversity, we identified many genes implicated in the high virulence potential and antibiotic resistance of SM39, including the metallo beta-lactamase and multiple other drug resistance determinants carried on plasmid pSMC1. We further show that pSMC1 is most closely related to plasmids circulating in Pseudomonas species. Our data will provide a valuable basis for future studies on S. marcescens and new insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie the emergence of pathogens highly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, JapanPresent address: Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagaya
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, JapanPresent address: Kashima ONC QC, Oncology DCU, Eisai Demand Chain Systems, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Pradel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, FranceINSERM, U1104, Marseille, FranceCNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, FrancePresent address: CIIL-Inserm U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, JapanDepartment of Genomics and Bioenvironmental Science, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katsura
- Department of Genomics and Bioenvironmental Science, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Oshima
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Sebaihia
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Coulthurst
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Naomasa Gotoh
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, FranceINSERM, U1104, Marseille, FranceCNRS, UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, JapanDepartment of Genomics and Bioenvironmental Science, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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The dependence of quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens JG on the transcription of luxS gene. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:715-21. [PMID: 25731898 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria communicate with one another using chemical signal molecules. This phenomenon termed quorum sensing enables the bacteria to monitor the environment for other bacteria and to alter behavior on a population-wide scale in response to cell density. Serratia marcescens JG, a quorum sensing bacterium, can secrete a furanosyl borate diester autoinducer (AI-2) in the exponential phase of growth. In this study, to further investigate the regulation of AI-2 production in S. marcescens JG, the pfs and luxS promoter fusions to an operon luxCDABE reporter were constructed in a low-copy-number vector pBR322K, which allows an examination of transcription of the genes in the pathway for signal synthesis. The results show that the luxS expression is constitutive, and the transcription of luxS is tightly correlated with AI-2 production in S. marcescens JG because the peaks of AI-2 production and transcriptional level of luxS appear at the same time point. The close relation of the profiles of luxS transcription and AI-2 production was also confirmed with real-time PCR technology. These results support the hypothesis that the quorum sensing in S. marcescens JG is luxS dependent.
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Song XN, Cheng YY, Li WW, Li BB, Sheng GP, Fang CY, Wang YK, Li XY, Yu HQ. Quorum quenching is responsible for the underestimated quorum sensing effects in biological wastewater treatment reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:472-476. [PMID: 25182424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) and quorum quenching (QQ) are two antagonistic processes coexisting in various bacterial communities in bioreactors, e.g., activated sludge for biological wastewater treatment. Although QS signal molecules are detected in activated sludge reactors and known to affect sludge properties and reactor performance, there has been no direct evidence to prove the endogenous existence of QQ effects in activated sludge. In this study, for the first time, acyl homoserine lactones-degrading enzymatic activity, a typical QQ effect, was discovered in activated sludge and found to considerably affect the QS detection results. The coexistence of QS and QQ bacteria in activated sludge was further confirmed by bacterial screening and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. The method developed in this study could also be used to evaluate QQ activities in bioreactors, and a possible way is provided to tune bioreactor performance through balancing the QS and QQ processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ning Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cai-Yun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yun-Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Hidalgo-Romano B, Gollihar J, Brown SA, Whiteley M, Valenzuela E, Kaplan HB, Wood TK, McLean RJC. Indole inhibition of N-acylated homoserine lactone-mediated quorum signalling is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:2464-2473. [PMID: 25165125 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.081729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The LuxI/R quorum-sensing system and its associated N-acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) signal is widespread among Gram-negative bacteria. Although inhibition by indole of AHL quorum signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter oleivorans has been reported previously, it has not been documented among other species. Here, we show that co-culture with wild-type Escherichia coli, but not with E. coli tnaA mutants that lack tryptophanase and as a result do not produce indole, inhibits AHL-regulated pigmentation in Chromobacterium violaceum (violacein), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (phenazine) and Serratia marcescens (prodigiosin). Loss of pigmentation also occurred during pure culture growth of Chro. violaceum, P. chlororaphis and S. marcescens in the presence of physiologically relevant indole concentrations (0.5-1.0 mM). Inhibition of violacein production by indole was counteracted by the addition of the Chro. violaceum cognate autoinducer, N-decanoyl homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of exogenous indole or co-culture with E. coli also affected Chro. violaceum transcription of vioA (violacein pigment production) and chiA (chitinase production), but had no effect on pykF (pyruvate kinase), which is not quorum regulated. Chro. violaceum AHL-regulated elastase and chitinase activity were inhibited by indole, as was motility. Growth of Chro. violaceum was not affected by indole or C10-HSL supplementation. Using a nematode-feeding virulence assay, we observed that survival of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to Chro. violaceum, P. chlororaphis and S. marcescens was enhanced during indole supplementation. Overall, these studies suggest that indole represents a general inhibitor of AHL-based quorum signalling in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hidalgo-Romano
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jimmy Gollihar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stacie A Brown
- Department of Biology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX 78626, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ernesto Valenzuela
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heidi B Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA
| | - Robert J C McLean
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing with special reference to use of quorum quenching bacteria in membrane biofouling control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:162584. [PMID: 25147787 PMCID: PMC4131561 DOI: 10.1155/2014/162584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane biofouling remains a severe problem to be addressed in wastewater treatment systems affecting reactor performance and economy. The finding that many wastewater bacteria rely on N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing to synchronize their activities essential for biofilm formations; the quenching bacterial quorum sensing suggests a promising approach for control of membrane biofouling. A variety of quorum quenching compounds of both synthetic and natural origin have been identified and found effective in inhibition of membrane biofouling with much less environmental impact than traditional antimicrobials. Work over the past few years has demonstrated that enzymatic quorum quenching mechanisms are widely conserved in several prokaryotic organisms and can be utilized as a potent tool for inhibition of membrane biofouling. Such naturally occurring bacterial quorum quenching mechanisms also play important roles in microbe-microbe interactions and have been used to develop sustainable nonantibiotic antifouling strategies. Advances in membrane fabrication and bacteria entrapment techniques have allowed the implication of such quorum quenching bacteria for better design of membrane bioreactor with improved antibiofouling efficacies. In view of this, the present paper is designed to review and discuss the recent developments in control of membrane biofouling with special emphasis on quorum quenching bacteria that are applied in membrane bioreactors.
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