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Xu Y, Chen W, Yang H, Song Z, Wang Y, Su R, Mwacharo JM, Lv X, Sun W. miR-329b-5p Affects Sheep Intestinal Epithelial Cells against Escherichia coli F17 Infection. Vet Sci 2024; 11:206. [PMID: 38787178 PMCID: PMC11126089 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli. To elucidate the profound mechanisms of miRNA in E. coli F17 infections, methods such as E. coli F17 adhesion assay, colony counting assay, relative quantification of bacterial E. coli fimbriae gene expression, indirect immune fluorescence (IF), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Western blotting (WB), and scratch assay were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-329b-5p overexpression/knock-down on E. coli F17 susceptibility of sheep intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The findings indicated that miR-329b-5p enhances the E. coli F17 resistance of sheep IECs to E.coli F17 by promoting adhesion between E. coli F17 and IEC, as well as IEC proliferation and migration. In summary, miR-329b-5p plays a crucial role in the defense of sheep IECs against E. coli F17 infection, providing valuable insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
| | - Huiguo Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830013, China;
| | - Zhenghai Song
- Dongshan Animal Epidemic Prevention Station, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215100, China;
| | - Yeqing Wang
- Suzhou Taihu Dongshang Sheep Industry Development Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Rui Su
- Suzhou Stud Farm Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215200, China;
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia;
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.X.); (W.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Hancock SJ, Lo AW, Ve T, Day CJ, Tan L, Mendez AA, Phan MD, Nhu NTK, Peters KM, Richards AC, Fleming BA, Chang C, Ngu DHY, Forde BM, Haselhorst T, Goh KGK, Beatson SA, Jennings MP, Mulvey MA, Kobe B, Schembri MA. Ucl fimbriae regulation and glycan receptor specificity contribute to gut colonisation by extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010582. [PMID: 35700218 PMCID: PMC9236248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) belong to a critical priority group of antibiotic resistant pathogens. ExPEC establish gut reservoirs that seed infection of the urinary tract and bloodstream, but the mechanisms of gut colonisation remain to be properly understood. Ucl fimbriae are attachment organelles that facilitate ExPEC adherence. Here, we investigated cellular receptors for Ucl fimbriae and Ucl expression to define molecular mechanisms of Ucl-mediated ExPEC colonisation of the gut. We demonstrate differential expression of Ucl fimbriae in ExPEC sequence types associated with disseminated infection. Genome editing of strains from two common sequence types, F11 (ST127) and UTI89 (ST95), identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ucl promoter that changes fimbriae expression via activation by the global stress-response regulator OxyR, leading to altered gut colonisation. Structure-function analysis of the Ucl fimbriae tip-adhesin (UclD) identified high-affinity glycan receptor targets, with highest affinity for sialyllacto-N-fucopentose VI, a structure likely to be expressed on the gut epithelium. Comparison of the UclD adhesin to the homologous UcaD tip-adhesin from Proteus mirabilis revealed that although they possess a similar tertiary structure, apart from lacto-N-fucopentose VI that bound to both adhesins at low-micromolar affinity, they recognize different fucose- and glucose-containing oligosaccharides. Competitive surface plasmon resonance analysis together with co-structural investigation of UcaD in complex with monosaccharides revealed a broad-specificity glycan binding pocket shared between UcaD and UclD that could accommodate these interactions. Overall, our study describes a mechanism of adaptation that augments establishment of an ExPEC gut reservoir to seed disseminated infections, providing a pathway for the development of targeted anti-adhesion therapeutics. ExPEC infection of the urinary tract and bloodstream is frequently seeded from an intestinal reservoir, necessitating an understanding of the mechanisms that promote gut colonisation. Here we employed molecular and structural approaches to define the regulation and function of ExPEC Ucl fimbriae as a gut colonisation factor. We describe how mutations in the non-coding regulatory region of the ucl promoter cause increased Ucl fimbriae expression and promote enhanced gut colonisation via tuned induction by a global regulator that senses oxygen stress. We further define the glycan receptor targets of Ucl fimbriae and characterise the structural features of the Ucl adhesin that facilitate these interactions. These findings explain how ExPEC can adapt to survival in the gut to seed extra-intestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Hancock
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alvin W. Lo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lendl Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alejandra A. Mendez
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate M. Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda C. Richards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brittany A. Fleming
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Chyden Chang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dalton H. Y. Ngu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian M. Forde
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelvin G. K. Goh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott A. Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Mulvey
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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3
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An overview on mastitis-associated Escherichia coli: Pathogenicity, host immunity and the use of alternative therapies. Microbiol Res 2021; 256:126960. [PMID: 35021119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of bovine mastitis; it can cause sub-clinical, and clinical mastitis characterized by systemic changes, abnormal appearance of milk, and udder inflammation. E. coli pathogenicity in the bovine udder is due to the interaction between its virulence factors and the host factors; it was also linked to the presence of a new pathotype termed mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC). However, the presence of this pathotype is commonly debated. Its main virulence factor is the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is responsible for causing an endotoxic shock, and inducing a strong immune response by binding to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and stimulating the expression of chemokines (such as IL-8, and RANTES) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, and IL-1β). This strong immune response could be used to develop alternative and safe approaches to control E. coli causing bovine mastitis by targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines that can damage the host tissue. The need for alternative treatments against E. coli is due to its ability to resist many conventional antibiotics, which is a huge challenge for curing ill animals. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the pathogenicity of E. coli in the mammary gland, discuss the presence of the new putative pathotype, the mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype, study the host's immune response, and the alternative treatments that are used against mastitis-associated E. coli.
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4
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Fernández Riveras JA, Frontera A, Bauzá A. Selenium chalcogen bonds are involved in protein-carbohydrate recognition: a combined PDB and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17656-17662. [PMID: 34373871 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01929e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript the ability of selenium carbohydrates to undergo chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions with protein residues has been studied at the RI-MP2/def2-TZVP level of theory. An inspection of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) revealed SeA (A = O, C and S) intermolecular contacts involving Se-pyranose ligands and ASP, TYR, SER and MET residues. Theoretical models were built to analyse the strength and directionality of the interaction together with "Atoms in Molecules" (AIM), Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) and Non Covalent Interactions plot (NCIplot) analyses, which further assisted in the characterization of the ChBs described herein. We expect that the results from this study will be useful to expand the current knowledge regarding biological ChBs as well as to increase the visibility of the interaction among the carbohydrate chemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Fernández Riveras
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma (Baleares) 07122, Spain.
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5
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Chatterjee S, Basak AJ, Nair AV, Duraivelan K, Samanta D. Immunoglobulin-fold containing bacterial adhesins: molecular and structural perspectives in host tissue colonization and infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6045506. [PMID: 33355339 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) domains are one of the most widespread protein domains encoded by the human genome and are present in a large array of proteins with diverse biological functions. These Ig domains possess a central structure, the immunoglobulin-fold, which is a sandwich of two β sheets, each made up of anti-parallel β strands, surrounding a central hydrophobic core. Apart from humans, proteins containing Ig-like domains are also distributed in a vast selection of organisms including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, viruses and bacteria where they execute a wide array of discrete cellular functions. In this review, we have described the key structural deviations of bacterial Ig-folds when compared to the classical eukaryotic Ig-fold. Further, we have comprehensively grouped all the Ig-domain containing adhesins present in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we describe the role of these particular adhesins in host tissue attachment, colonization and subsequent infection by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli as well as other bacterial species. The structural properties of these Ig-domain containing adhesins, along with their interactions with specific Ig-like and non Ig-like binding partners present on the host cell surface have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chatterjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya J Basak
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Kheerthana Duraivelan
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
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7
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Exploiting pilus-mediated bacteria-host interactions for health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100998. [PMID: 34294411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface pili (or fimbriae) are an important but conspicuous adaptation of several genera and species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These long and non-flagellar multi-subunit adhesins mediate the initial contact that a bacterium has with a host or environment, and thus have come to be regarded as a key colonization factor for virulence activity in pathogens or niche adaptation in commensals. Pili in pathogenic bacteria are well recognized for their roles in the adhesion to host cells, colonization of tissues, and establishment of infection. As an 'anti-adhesive' ploy, targeting pilus-mediated attachment for disruption has become a potentially effective alternative to using antibiotics. In this review, we give a description of the several structurally distinct bacterial pilus types thus far characterized, and as well offer details about the intricacy of their individual structure, assembly, and function. With a molecular understanding of pilus biogenesis and pilus-mediated host interactions also provided, we go on to describe some of the emerging new approaches and compounds that have been recently developed to prevent the adhesion, colonization, and infection of piliated bacterial pathogens.
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8
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Fang J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhang X. Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:772-787. [PMID: 34002011 PMCID: PMC8178360 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which is composed of a mucin complex rich in O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients and habitat for intestinal microbes but also orchestrates the taming of germs. In turn, the gut microbiota modulates the production and secretion of mucins and stratification of the mucus layers. Active bidirectional communication between the microbiota and its 'slimy' partner, the mucus barrier, seems to be a continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis of the gut ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce a disorder in the gut community, thereby causing inflammatory damage. Our review mainly focuses on the complicated communication between the mucus barrier and gut microbiome to explore a promising new avenue for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.412551.60000 0000 9055 7865College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.415644.60000 0004 1798 6662Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing people’s Hospital, 568 North Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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9
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Wang B, Shang C, Miao Z, Guo S, Zhang Q. Lactose-containing glycopolymer grafted onto magnetic titanium dioxide nanomaterials for targeted capture and photocatalytic killing of pathogenic bacteria. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Bravo MF, Lema MA, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Flexible Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors as Inhibitors of Viral Attachment. Biochemistry 2020; 60:999-1018. [PMID: 33094998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-receptor interactions are often involved in the docking of viruses to host cells, and this docking is a necessary step in the virus life cycle that precedes infection and, ultimately, replication. Despite the conserved structures of the glycans involved in docking, they are still considered "undruggable", meaning these glycans are beyond the scope of conventional pharmacological strategies. Recent advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs), small molecules that bind carbohydrates, could bring carbohydrate-receptor interactions within the purview of druggable targets. Here we discuss the role of carbohydrate-receptor interactions in viral infection, the evolution of SCRs, and recent results demonstrating their ability to prevent viral infections in vitro. Common SCR design strategies based on boronic ester formation, metal chelation, and noncovalent interactions are discussed. The benefits of incorporating the idiosyncrasies of natural glycan-binding proteins-including flexibility, cooperativity, and multivalency-into SCR design to achieve nonglucosidic specificity are shown. These studies into SCR design and binding could lead to new strategies for mitigating the grave threat to human health posed by enveloped viruses, which are heavily glycosylated viroids that are the cause of some of the most pressing and untreatable diseases, including HIV, Dengue, Zika, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernando Bravo
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Manuel A Lema
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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11
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Jiang W, Ubhayasekera W, Breed MC, Norsworthy AN, Serr N, Mobley HLT, Pearson MM, Knight SD. MrpH, a new class of metal-binding adhesin, requires zinc to mediate biofilm formation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008707. [PMID: 32780778 PMCID: PMC7444556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative uropathogen, is a major causative agent in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae (MR/P) are crucially important for P. mirabilis infectivity and are required for biofilm formation and auto-aggregation, as well as for bladder and kidney colonization. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of the MR/P tip adhesin, MrpH, is reported. The structure has a fold not previously described and contains a transition metal center with Zn2+ coordinated by three conserved histidine residues and a ligand. Using biofilm assays, chelation, metal complementation, and site-directed mutagenesis of the three histidines, we show that an intact metal binding site occupied by zinc is essential for MR/P fimbria-mediated biofilm formation, and furthermore, that P. mirabilis biofilm formation is reversible in a zinc-dependent manner. Zinc is also required for MR/P-dependent agglutination of erythrocytes, and mutation of the metal binding site renders P. mirabilis unfit in a mouse model of UTI. The studies presented here provide important clues as to the mechanism of MR/P-mediated biofilm formation and serve as a starting point for identifying the physiological MR/P fimbrial receptor. Many bacteria use fimbriae to adhere to surfaces, and this function is often essential for pathogens to gain a foothold in the host. In this study, we examine the major virulence-associated fimbrial protein, MrpH, of the bacterial urinary tract pathogen Proteus mirabilis. This species is particularly known for causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections, in which it forms damaging urinary stones and crystalline biofilms that can block the flow of urine through indwelling catheters. MrpH resides at the tip of mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae and is required for MR/P-dependent adherence to surfaces. Although MR/P belongs to a well-known class of adhesive fimbriae encoded by the chaperone-usher pathway, we found that MrpH has a dramatically different structure compared with other tip-located adhesins in this family. Unexpectedly, MrpH was found to bind a zinc cation, which we show is essential for MR/P-mediated biofilm formation and adherence to red blood cells. Furthermore, MR/P-mediated adherence can be modified by controlling zinc levels. These findings have the potential to aid development of better anti-biofilm urinary catheters or other methods to prevent P. mirabilis infection of the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wimal Ubhayasekera
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael C. Breed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Allison N. Norsworthy
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nina Serr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Harry L. T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Melanie M. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMP); (SDK)
| | - Stefan D. Knight
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MMP); (SDK)
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Wyrsch ER, Chowdhury PR, Wallis L, Cummins ML, Zingali T, Brandis KJ, Djordjevic SP. Whole-genome sequence analysis of environmental Escherichia coli from the faeces of straw-necked ibis ( Threskiornis spinicollis) nesting on inland wetlands. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000385. [PMID: 32519939 PMCID: PMC7371105 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife, and birds in particular, play an increasingly recognized role in the evolution and transmission of Escherichia coli that pose a threat to humans. To characterize these lineages and their potential threat from an evolutionary perspective, we isolated and performed whole-genome sequencing on 11 sequence types (STs) of E. coli recovered from the desiccated faeces of straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) nesting on inland wetlands located in geographically different regions of New South Wales, Australia. Carriage of virulence-associated genes was limited, and no antimicrobial resistance genes were detected, but novel variants of an insertion element that plays an important role in capturing and mobilizing antibiotic resistance genes, IS26, were identified and characterized. The isolates belonged to phylogroups B1 and D, including types known to cause disease in humans and animals. Specifically, we found E. coli ST58, ST69, ST162, ST212, ST446, ST906, ST2520, ST6096 and ST6241, and a novel phylogroup D strain, ST10208. Notably, the ST58 strain hosted significant virulence gene carriage. The sequences of two plasmids hosting putative virulence-associated factors with incompatibility groups I1 and Y, an extrachromosomal integrative/conjugative element, and a variant of a large Escherichia phage of the family Myoviridae, were additionally characterized. We identified multiple epidemiologically relevant gene signatures that link the ibis isolates to sequences from international sources, plus novel variants of IS26 across different sequence types and in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R. Wyrsch
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Louise Wallis
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Max L. Cummins
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tiziana Zingali
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kate J. Brandis
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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13
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Wyrsch ER, Chowdhury PR, Jarocki VM, Brandis KJ, Djordjevic SP. Duplication and diversification of a unique chromosomal virulence island hosting the subtilase cytotoxin in Escherichia coli ST58. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000387. [PMID: 32519937 PMCID: PMC7371111 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The AB5 cytotoxins are important virulence factors in Escherichia coli. The most notable members of the AB5 toxin families include Shiga toxin families 1 (Stx1) and 2 (Stx2), which are associated with enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infections causing haemolytic uraemic syndrome and haemorrhagic colitis. The subAB toxins are the newest and least well understood members of the AB5 toxin gene family. The subtilase toxin genes are divided into a plasmid-based variant, subAB1, originally described in enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O113:H21, and distinct chromosomal variants, subAB2, that reside in pathogenicity islands encoding additional virulence effectors. Previously we identified a chromosomal subAB2 operon within an E. coli ST58 strain IBS28 (ONT:H25) taken from a wild ibis nest at an inland wetland in New South Wales, Australia. Here we show the subAB2 toxin operon comprised part of a 140 kb tRNA-Phe chromosomal island that co-hosted tia, encoding an outer-membrane protein that confers an adherence and invasion phenotype and additional virulence and accessory genetic content that potentially originated from known virulence island SE-PAI. This island shared a common evolutionary history with a secondary 90 kb tRNA-Phe pathogenicity island that was presumably generated via a duplication event. IBS28 is closely related [200 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] to four North American ST58 strains. The close relationship between North American isolates of ST58 and IBS28 was further supported by the identification of the only copy of a unique variant of IS26 within the O-antigen gene cluster. Strain ISB28 may be a historically important E. coli ST58 genome sequence hosting a progenitor pathogenicity island encoding subAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R. Wyrsch
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica M. Jarocki
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kate J. Brandis
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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14
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Glycosphingolipids Recognized by Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040612. [PMID: 32340400 PMCID: PMC7232171 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, and wound infections. Recognition of host cell surface carbohydrates plays a crucial role in adhesion and enables microbes to colonize different host niches. Here the potential glycosphingolipid receptors of A. baumannii were examined by binding of 35S-labeled bacteria to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. Thereby a selective interaction with two non-acid glycosphingolipids of human and rabbit small intestine was found. The binding-active glycosphingolipids were isolated and, on the basis of mass spectrometry, identified as neolactotetraosylceramide (Galβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) and lactotetraosylceramide (Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer). Further binding assays using reference glycosphingolipids showed that A. baumannii also bound to lactotriaosylceramide (GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) demonstrating that GlcNAc was the basic element recognized. In addition, the bacteria occasionally bound to galactosylceramide, lactosylceramide with phytosphingosine and/or hydroxy fatty acids, isoglobotriaosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, and gangliotetraosylceramide, in analogy with binding patterns that previously have been described for other bacteria classified as “lactosylceramide-binding”. Finally, by isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids from human skin, the presence of neolactotetraosylceramide was demonstrated in this A. baumannii target tissue.
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15
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Jiang W, Ubhayasekera W, Pearson MM, Knight SD. Structures of two fimbrial adhesins, AtfE and UcaD, from the uropathogenProteus mirabilis. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1053-1062. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The important uropathogenProteus mirabilisencodes a record number of chaperone/usher-pathway adhesive fimbriae. Such fimbriae, which are used for adhesion to cell surfaces/tissues and for biofilm formation, are typically important virulence factors in bacterial pathogenesis. Here, the structures of the receptor-binding domains of the tip-located two-domain adhesins UcaD (1.5 Å resolution) and AtfE (1.58 Å resolution) from twoP. mirabilisfimbriae (UCA/NAF and ATF) are presented. The structures of UcaD and AtfE are both similar to the F17G type of tip-located fimbrial receptor-binding domains, and the structures are very similar despite having only limited sequence similarity. These structures represent an important step towards a molecular-level understanding ofP. mirabilisfimbrial adhesins and their roles in the complex pathogenesis of urinary-tract infections.
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16
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Sato K, Kakuda S, Yukitake H, Kondo Y, Shoji M, Takebe K, Narita Y, Naito M, Nakane D, Abiko Y, Hiratsuka K, Suzuki M, Nakayama K. Immunoglobulin‐like domains of the cargo proteins are essential for protein stability during secretion by the type IX secretion system. Mol Microbiol 2018; 110:64-81. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565‐0871Japan
| | - Hideharu Yukitake
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
| | - Yoshio Kondo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
| | - Katsuki Takebe
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565‐0871Japan
| | - Yuka Narita
- Department of Functional Bioscience, Infection Biology Fukuoka Dental College Matsudo, Tamura, Sawara, Fukuoka 814‐0913Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Gakushuin University Toshima‐ku, Tokyo 171‐8588Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Chiba 271‐8587Japan
| | - Koichi Hiratsuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Matsudo Chiba 271‐8587Japan
| | - Mamoru Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565‐0871Japan
| | - Koji Nakayama
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Infection Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Nagasaki 852‐8588Japan
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17
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do Carmo FLR, Rabah H, De Oliveira Carvalho RD, Gaucher F, Cordeiro BF, da Silva SH, Le Loir Y, Azevedo V, Jan G. Extractable Bacterial Surface Proteins in Probiotic-Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:645. [PMID: 29670603 PMCID: PMC5893755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Gram-positive bacteria, including probiotic ones, are covered with an external proteinaceous layer called a surface-layer. Described as a paracrystalline layer and formed by the self-assembly of a surface-layer-protein (Slp), this optional structure is peculiar. The surface layer per se is conserved and encountered in many prokaryotes. However, the sequence of the corresponding Slp protein is highly variable among bacterial species, or even among strains of the same species. Other proteins, including surface layer associated proteins (SLAPs), and other non-covalently surface-bound proteins may also be extracted with this surface structure. They can be involved a various functions. In probiotic Gram-positives, they were shown by different authors and experimental approaches to play a role in key interactions with the host. Depending on the species, and sometime on the strain, they can be involved in stress tolerance, in survival within the host digestive tract, in adhesion to host cells or mucus, or in the modulation of intestinal inflammation. Future trends include the valorization of their properties in the formation of nanoparticles, coating and encapsulation, and in the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe L R do Carmo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France.,Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Rennes, France
| | | | - Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France.,Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Barbara F Cordeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara H da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
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18
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Moonens K, Remaut H. Evolution and structural dynamics of bacterial glycan binding adhesins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Sommer R, Hauck D, Varrot A, Imberty A, Künzler M, Titz A. O-Alkylated heavy atom carbohydrate probes for protein X-ray crystallography: Studies towards the synthesis of methyl 2- O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2828-2833. [PMID: 28144356 PMCID: PMC5238581 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoglycosides are used as reactive glycosyl donors in the syntheses of oligosaccharides. In addition, such heavy atom analogs of natural glycosides are useful tools for structure determination of their lectin receptors using X-ray crystallography. Some lectins, e.g., members of the tectonin family, only bind to carbohydrate epitopes with O-alkylated ring hydroxy groups. In this context, we report the first synthesis of an O-methylated selenoglycoside, specifically methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside, a ligand of the lectin tectonin-2 from the mushroom Laccaria bicolor. The synthetic route required a strategic revision and further optimization due to the intrinsic lability of alkyl selenoglycosides, in particular for the labile fucose. Here, we describe a successful synthetic access to methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside in 9 linear steps and 26% overall yield starting from allyl L-fucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sommer
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annabelle Varrot
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301), CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-UPR5301), CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP53, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Markus Künzler
- Institute of Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Molecular simulations of lactose-bound and unbound forms of the FaeG adhesin reveal critical amino acids involved in sugar binding. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 70:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Dubreuil JD, Isaacson RE, Schifferli DM. Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2016; 7:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2016. [PMID: 27735786 PMCID: PMC5123703 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0006-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of E. coli diarrhea in farm animals. ETEC are characterized by the ability to produce two types of virulence factors: adhesins that promote binding to specific enterocyte receptors for intestinal colonization and enterotoxins responsible for fluid secretion. The best-characterized adhesins are expressed in the context of fimbriae, such as the F4 (also designated K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F17, and F18 fimbriae. Once established in the animal small intestine, ETEC produce enterotoxin(s) that lead to diarrhea. The enterotoxins belong to two major classes: heat-labile toxins that consist of one active and five binding subunits (LT), and heat-stable toxins that are small polypeptides (STa, STb, and EAST1). This review describes the disease and pathogenesis of animal ETEC, the corresponding virulence genes and protein products of these bacteria, their regulation and targets in animal hosts, as well as mechanisms of action. Furthermore, vaccines, inhibitors, probiotics, and the identification of potential new targets by genomics are presented in the context of animal ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Dubreuil
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Richard E Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dieter M Schifferli
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Lectin-Glycan Interaction Network-Based Identification of Host Receptors of Microbial Pathogenic Adhesins. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00584-16. [PMID: 27406561 PMCID: PMC4958244 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00584-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the infection of humans by microbial pathogens is their adherence to host tissue cells, which is frequently based on the binding of carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectin-like adhesins) to human cell receptors that expose glycans. In only a few cases have the human receptors of pathogenic adhesins been described. A novel strategy—based on the construction of a lectin-glycan interaction (LGI) network—to identify the potential human binding receptors for pathogenic adhesins with lectin activity was developed. The new approach is based on linking glycan array screening results of these adhesins to a human glycoprotein database via the construction of an LGI network. This strategy was used to detect human receptors for virulent Escherichia coli (FimH adhesin), and the fungal pathogens Candida albicans (Als1p and Als3p adhesins) and C. glabrata (Epa1, Epa6, and Epa7 adhesins), which cause candidiasis. This LGI network strategy allows the profiling of potential adhesin binding receptors in the host with prioritization, based on experimental binding data, of the most relevant interactions. New potential targets for the selected adhesins were predicted and experimentally confirmed. This methodology was also used to predict lectin interactions with envelope glycoproteins of human-pathogenic viruses. It was shown that this strategy was successful in revealing that the FimH adhesin has anti-HIV activity. Microbial pathogens may express a wide range of carbohydrate-specific adhesion proteins that mediate adherence to host tissues. Pathogen attachment to host cells is achieved through the binding of these lectin-like adhesins to glycans on human glycoproteins. In only a few cases have the human receptors of pathogenic adhesins been described. We developed a new strategy to predict these interacting receptors. Therefore, we developed a novel LGI network that would allow the mapping of potential adhesin binding receptors in the host with prioritization, based on the experimental binding data, of the most relevant interactions. New potential targets for the selected adhesins (bacterial uroepithelial FimH from E. coli and fungal Epa and Als adhesins from C. glabrata and C. albicans) were predicted and experimentally confirmed. This methodology was also used to predict lectin interactions with human-pathogenic viruses and to discover whether FimH adhesin has anti-HIV activity.
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Divergent Evolution of the repFII Replicon of IncF Plasmids Carrying Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor cnf2, Cytolethal Distending Toxin cdtIII, and f17Ae Fimbrial Variant Genes in Type 2 Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:510-7. [PMID: 26546422 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02641-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the pathovars of Escherichia coli in cattle, necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC) is defined by the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNFs). In particular, type 2 NTEC (NTEC2) strains are frequent in diarrheic and septicemic calves and usually coproduce CNF type 2 (CNF2), cytolethal distending toxin type III (CDTIII), and fimbrial adhesins of the F17 family, whose genetic determinants have frequently been reported on the same Vir-like plasmid. In this study, we investigated the genetic environment of the cnf2, f17Ae, and cdtIII genes in a collection of fecal E. coli isolates recovered from 484 French and 58 Iranian calves. In particular, we highlighted the spread of cnf2, f17Ae, and cdtIII on similar 150-kb IncF plasmids harboring the newly assigned repFII replicon allele F74 in NTEC2 isolates. Interestingly, this 150-kb IncF plasmid differed from the 140-kb IncF plasmid harboring the newly assigned repFII replicon allele F75 and carrying cnf2 alone. These results suggest two divergent lineages of cnf2-carrying IncF plasmids depending on the presence of the f17Ae and cdtIII genes. This partition was observed in E. coli strains of unrelated backgrounds, suggesting two different evolutionary paths of cnf2-carrying IncF plasmids rather than divergent evolutions of NTEC2 clones. The driving forces for such divergent evolutions are not known, and further studies are required to clarify the selection of plasmid subtypes spreading virulence determinants in E. coli, in particular, plasmids of the IncF family.
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Abstract
The first described adhesive antigen of Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals was the K88 antigen, expressed by strains from diarrheic pigs. The K88 antigen was visible by electron microscopy as a surface-exposed filament that was thin and flexible and had hemagglutinating properties. Many different fimbriae have been identified in animal enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and have been discussed in this article. The role of these fimbriae in the pathogenesis of ETEC has been best studied with K88, K99, 987P, and F41. Each fimbrial type carries at least one adhesive moiety that is specific for a certain host receptor, determining host species, age, and tissue specificities. ETEC are the most frequently diagnosed pathogens among neonatal and post-weaning piglets that die of diarrhea. Immune electron microscopy of animal ETEC fimbriae usually shows that the minor subunits are located at the fimbrial tips and at discrete sites along the fimbrial threads. Since fimbriae most frequently act like lectins by binding to the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins or glycolipids, fimbrial receptors have frequently been studied with red blood cells of various animal species. Identification and characterization of the binding moieties of ETEC fimbrial adhesins should be useful for the design of new prophylactic or therapeutic strategies. Some studies describing potential receptor or adhesin analogues that interfere with fimbria-mediated colonization have been described in the article.
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Abstract
Proteinaceous, nonflagellar surface appendages constitute a variety of structures, including those known variably as fimbriae or pili. Constructed by distinct assembly pathways resulting in diverse morphologies, fimbriae have been described to mediate functions including adhesion, motility, and DNA transfer. As these structures can represent major diversifying elements among Escherichia and Salmonella isolates, multiple fimbrial classification schemes have been proposed and a number of mechanistic insights into fimbrial assembly and function have been made. Herein we describe the classifications and biochemistry of fimbriae assembled by the chaperone/usher, curli, and type IV pathways.
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26
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Nishiyama K, Ueno S, Sugiyama M, Yamamoto Y, Mukai T. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG SpaC pilin subunit binds to the carbohydrate moieties of intestinal glycoconjugates. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:809-15. [PMID: 26434750 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a well-established probiotic strain. The beneficial properties of this strain are partially dependent on its prolonged residence in the gastrointestinal tract, and are likely influenced by its adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. The pilin SpaC subunit, located within the Spa pili structure, is the most well studied LGG adhesion factor. However, the binding epitopes of SpaC remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the binding properties of SpaC to the carbohydrate moieties of intestinal glycoconjugates using a recombinant SpaC protein. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, SpaC binding was markedly reduced by addition of purified mucin and the mucin oligosaccharide fraction. Histochemical staining revealed that the binding of SpaC was drastically reduced by periodic acid treatment. Moreover, in the surface plasmon resonance-based Biacore assay, SpaC bound strongly to the carbohydrate moieties containing β-galactoside at the non-reducing terminus of glycolipids. We here provide the first demonstration that SpaC binds to the oligosaccharide chains of mucins, and that the carbohydrate moieties containing β-galactoside at the non-reducing termini of glycoconjugates play a crucial role in this binding. Our results demonstrate the importance of carbohydrates of SpaC for mucus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nishiyama
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada.,Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ueno
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada
| | - Takao Mukai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada
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Chahales P, Thanassi DG. Structure, Function, and Assembly of Adhesive Organelles by Uropathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2015; 3:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0018-2013. [PMID: 26542038 PMCID: PMC4638162 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria assemble a wide range of adhesive proteins, termed adhesins, to mediate binding to receptors and colonization of surfaces. For pathogenic bacteria, adhesins are critical for early stages of infection, allowing the bacteria to initiate contact with host cells, colonize different tissues, and establish a foothold within the host. The adhesins expressed by a pathogen are also critical for bacterial-bacterial interactions and the formation of bacterial communities, including biofilms. The ability to adhere to host tissues is particularly important for bacteria that colonize sites such as the urinary tract, where the flow of urine functions to maintain sterility by washing away non-adherent pathogens. Adhesins vary from monomeric proteins that are directly anchored to the bacterial surface to polymeric, hair-like fibers that extend out from the cell surface. These latter fibers are termed pili or fimbriae, and were among the first identified virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Studies since then have identified a range of both pilus and non-pilus adhesins that contribute to bacterial colonization of the urinary tract, and have revealed molecular details of the structures, assembly pathways, and functions of these adhesive organelles. In this review, we describe the different types of adhesins expressed by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens, what is known about their structures, how they are assembled on the bacterial surface, and the functions of specific adhesins in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chahales
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - David G Thanassi
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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Coppens F, Iyyathurai J, Ruer S, Fioravanti A, Taganna J, Vereecke L, De Greve H, Remaut H. Structural and adhesive properties of the long polar fimbriae protein LpfD from adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1615-26. [PMID: 26249343 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by an exaggerated immune response to commensal microbiota in the intestines of patients. Metagenomic studies have identified specific bacterial species and strains with increased prevalence in CD patients, amongst which is the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strain LF82. AIEC strains express long polar fimbriae (LPF), which are known to target Peyer's patches in a mouse CD model. Here, the recombinant production of a soluble, self-complemented construct of the LpfD protein of E. coli LF82 is reported and it is demonstrated that it forms the adhesive tip subunit of LPF. The LpfD crystal reveals an N-terminal adhesin domain and a C-terminal pilin domain that connects the adhesin to the minor pilus subunit LpfE. Surface topology and sequence conservation in the adhesin domain hint at a putative receptor-binding pocket as found in the Klebsiella pneumoniae MrkD and E. coli F17-G (GafD) adhesins. Immunohistostaining of murine intestinal tissue sections revealed that LpfD specifically binds to the intestinal mucosa and submucosa. LpfD binding was found to be resistant to treatment with O- or N-glycosidases, but was lost in collagenase-treated tissue sections, indicating the possible involvement of an intestinal matrix-associated protein as the LpfD receptor. LpfD strongly adhered to isolated fibronectin in an in vitro assay, and showed lower levels of binding to collagen V and laminin and no binding to collagens I, III and IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Coppens
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ségolène Ruer
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joemar Taganna
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Moonens K, Van den Broeck I, De Kerpel M, Deboeck F, Raymaekers H, Remaut H, De Greve H. Structural and functional insight into the carbohydrate receptor binding of F4 fimbriae-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8409-19. [PMID: 25631050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.618595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are important causes of intestinal disease in humans and lead to severe production losses in animal farming. A range of fimbrial adhesins in ETEC strains determines host and tissue tropism. ETEC strains expressing F4 fimbriae are associated with neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Three naturally occurring variants of F4 fimbriae (F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad) exist that differ in the primary sequence of their major adhesive subunit FaeG, and each features a related yet distinct receptor binding profile. Here the x-ray structure of FaeGad bound to lactose provides the first structural insight into the receptor specificity and mode of binding by the poly-adhesive F4 fimbriae. A small D'-D″-α1-α2 subdomain grafted on the immunoglobulin-like core of FaeG hosts the carbohydrate binding site. Two short amino acid stretches Phe(150)-Glu(152) and Val(166)-Glu(170) of FaeGad bind the terminal galactose in the lactosyl unit and provide affinity and specificity to the interaction. A hemagglutination-based assay with E. coli expressing mutant F4ad fimbriae confirmed the elucidated co-complex structure. Interestingly, the crucial D'-α1 loop that borders the FaeGad binding site adopts a different conformation in the two other FaeG variants and hints at a heterogeneous binding pocket among the FaeG serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Imke Van den Broeck
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Maia De Kerpel
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Francine Deboeck
- the Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Raymaekers
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Han Remaut
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
| | - Henri De Greve
- From the Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Structural Biology Research Center, 1050 Brussels, the Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, and
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30
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Nait Chabane Y, Marti S, Rihouey C, Alexandre S, Hardouin J, Lesouhaitier O, Vila J, Kaplan JB, Jouenne T, Dé E. Characterisation of pellicles formed by Acinetobacter baumannii at the air-liquid interface. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111660. [PMID: 25360550 PMCID: PMC4216135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical importance of Acinetobacter baumannii is partly due to its natural ability to survive in the hospital environment. This persistence may be explained by its capacity to form biofilms and, interestingly, A. baumannii can form pellicles at the air-liquid interface more readily than other less pathogenic Acinetobacter species. Pellicles from twenty-six strains were morphologically classified into three groups: I) egg-shaped (27%); II) ball-shaped (50%); and III) irregular pellicles (23%). One strain representative of each group was further analysed by Brewster’s Angle Microscopy to follow pellicle development, demonstrating that their formation did not require anchoring to a solid surface. Total carbohydrate analysis of the matrix showed three main components: Glucose, GlcNAc and Kdo. Dispersin B, an enzyme that hydrolyzes poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) polysaccharide, inhibited A. baumannii pellicle formation, suggesting that this exopolysaccharide contributes to pellicle formation. Also associated with the pellicle matrix were three subunits of pili assembled by chaperon-usher systems: the major CsuA/B, A1S_1510 (presented 45% of identity with the main pilin F17-A from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pili) and A1S_2091. The presence of both PNAG polysaccharide and pili systems in matrix of pellicles might contribute to the virulence of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Nait Chabane
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sara Marti
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- * E-mail: (SM); (ED)
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Stéphane Alexandre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of “Microbiologie Signaux et Micro-Environnement” - Equipe d’Accueil 4312, University of Rouen, Evreux, France
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS - Laboratory “Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces”, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- * E-mail: (SM); (ED)
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31
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Porcine intestinal glycosphingolipids recognized by F6-fimbriated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2014; 76:51-60. [PMID: 25241919 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One important virulence factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is their ability to adhere via fimbrial adhesins to specific receptors located on the intestinal mucosa. Here, the potential glycosphingolipid receptors of enterotoxigenic F6-fimbriated E. coli were examined by binding of purified F6 fimbriae, and F6-expressing bacteria, to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms. When intestinal mucosal non-acid glycosphingolipids from single pigs were assayed for F6 binding capacity, a selective interaction with two glycosphingolipids was observed. The binding-active glycosphingolipids were isolated and characterized as lactotriaosylceramide (GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer) and lactotetraosylceramide (Galβ3GlcNAcβ3Galβ4Glcβ1Cer). Further binding assays using a panel of reference glycosphingolipids showed a specific interaction between the F6 fimbriae and a number of neolacto core chain (Galβ4GlcNAc) glycosphingolipids. In addition, an occasional binding of the F6 fimbriae to sulfatide, galactosylceramide, lactosylceramide with phytosphingosine and/or hydroxy fatty acids, isoglobotriaosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, and gangliotetraosylceramide was obtained. From the results we conclude that lactotriaosylceramide and lactotetraosylceramide are major porcine intestinal receptors for F6-fimbriated E. coli.
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32
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Bihannic M, Ghanbarpour R, Auvray F, Cavalié L, Châtre P, Boury M, Brugère H, Madec JY, Oswald E. Identification and detection of three new F17 fimbrial variants in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle. Vet Res 2014; 45:76. [PMID: 25106491 PMCID: PMC4267768 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
F17 fimbriae are produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli involved in diarrhea and septicemia outbreaks in calves and lambs. These proteins result from the expression of four different clustered genes, namely f17A, f17D, f17C and f17G, encoding a pilin protein, a periplasmic protein, an anchor protein and an adhesin protein, respectively. Several variants of f17A and f17G genes have been reported and found genetically associated with typical virulence factors of bovine pathogenic E. coli strains. In this study, a new F17e-A variant, closely related to F17b-A, was identified from a collection of 58 E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran. While highly prevalent in Iranian F17-producing clinical isolates from calves, this variant was rare among E. coli from a French healthy adult bovine population, suggesting a possible association with virulence. The f17Ae gene was also found in the genome of the Shiga-like toxin variant Stx1d-producing bovine E. coli strain MHI813, and belonged to a gene cluster also encoding a new F17-G3 variant, which greatly differed from F17-G1 and F17-G2. This gene cluster was located on a pathogenicity island integrated in the tRNA pheV gene. The gene coding for a third new F17f-A variant corresponding to a combination of F17c-A and F17d-A was also identified on the pVir68 plasmid in the bovine pathogenic E. coli strain 6.0900. In conclusion, we identified three new F17-A and F17-G variants in cattle E. coli, which may also have significant impact on the development of new diagnostics and vaccination tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Geibel S, Waksman G. The molecular dissection of the chaperone–usher pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Han Q, Liu N, Robinson H, Cao L, Qian C, Wang Q, Xie L, Ding H, Wang Q, Huang Y, Li J, Zhou Z. Biochemical characterization and crystal structure of a GH10 xylanase from termite gut bacteria reveal a novel structural feature and significance of its bacterial Ig-like domain. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:3093-103. [PMID: 23794438 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial Ig-like (Big) domains are commonly distributed in glycoside hydrolases (GH), but their structure and function remains undefined. Xylanase is a GH, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the internal β-xylosidic linkages of xylan. In this study, we report the molecular cloning, biochemical and biophysical characterization, and crystal structure of a termite gut bacterial xylanase, Xyl-ORF19, which was derived from gut bacteria of a wood-feeding termite (Globitermes brachycerastes). The protein architecture of Xyl-ORF19 reveals that it has two domains, a C-terminal GH10 catalytic domain and an N-terminal Big_2 non-catalytic domain. The catalytic domain folds in an (α/β)8 barrel as most GH10 xylanases do, but it has two extra β-strands. The non-catalytic domain is structurally similar to an immunoglobulin-like domain of intimins. The recombinant enzyme without the non-catalytic domain has fairly low catalytic activity, and is different from the full-length enzyme in kinetic parameters, pH and temperature profiles, which suggests the non-catalytic domain could affect the enzyme biochemical and biophysical properties as well as the role for enzyme localization. This study provides a molecular basis for future efforts in xylanase bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061
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35
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Structural Sampling of Glycan Interaction Profiles Reveals Mucosal Receptors for Fimbrial Adhesins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:894-917. [PMID: 24833052 PMCID: PMC3960879 DOI: 10.3390/biology2030894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fimbriae are long, proteinaceous adhesion organelles expressed on the bacterial envelope, evolutionarily adapted by Escherichia coli strains for the colonization of epithelial linings. Using glycan arrays of the Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG), the lectin domains were screened of the fimbrial adhesins F17G and FedF from enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and of the FimH adhesin from uropathogenic E. coli. This has led to the discovery of a more specific receptor for F17G, GlcNAcβ1,3Gal. No significant differences emerged from the glycan binding profiles of the F17G lectin domains from five different E. coli strains. However, strain-dependent amino acid variations, predominantly towards the positively charged arginine, were indicated by sulfate binding in FedF and F17G crystal structures. For FedF, no significant binders could be observed on the CFG glycan array. Hence, a shotgun array was generated from microvilli scrapings of the distal jejunum of a 3-week old piglet about to be weaned. On this array, the blood group A type 1 hexasaccharide emerged as a receptor for the FedF lectin domain and remarkably also for F18-fimbriated E. coli. F17G was found to selectively recognize glycan species with a terminal GlcNAc, typifying intestinal mucins. In conclusion, F17G and FedF recognize long glycan sequences that could only be identified using the shotgun approach. Interestingly, ETEC strains display a large capacity to adapt their fimbrial adhesins to ecological niches via charge-driven interactions, congruent with binding to thick mucosal surfaces displaying an acidic gradient along the intestinal tract.
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Quintero-Villegas MI, Aam BB, Rupnow J, Sørlie M, Eijsink VGH, Hutkins RW. Adherence inhibition of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by chitooligosaccharides with specific degrees of acetylation and polymerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2748-2754. [PMID: 23428168 DOI: 10.1021/jf400103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Some oligosaccharides are known to act as molecular decoys by inhibiting pathogen adherence to epithelial cells. The present study was aimed at analyzing whether chitooligosaccharides (CHOS), that is, oligomers of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, have such antiadherence activity. CHOS of varied degree of polymerization (DP) and fraction of acetylation (F(A)) were produced. Adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to the surface of a human HEp-2 cell line was determined in the absence or presence of the various CHOS fractions. Adherence was assessed by microscopic counting and image analysis of bacterial clusters and cells. The results showed that all CHOS fractions inhibited adherence of EPEC to HEp-2 cells. Hydrolysates with lower F(A) were more effective at reducing adherence. This effect is greater than that obtained with other oligosaccharides, such as galactooligosaccharides, applied at the same concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Quintero-Villegas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0919, United States
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Bodelón G, Palomino C, Fernández LÁ. Immunoglobulin domains inEscherichia coliand other enterobacteria: from pathogenesis to applications in antibody technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:204-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lo AW, Moonens K, Remaut H. Chemical attenuation of pilus function and assembly in Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Voigt B, Hieu CX, Hempel K, Becher D, Schlüter R, Teeling H, Glöckner FO, Amann R, Hecker M, Schweder T. Cell surface proteome of the marine planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica. Proteomics 2012; 12:1781-91. [PMID: 22623273 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The surface proteome (surfaceome) of the marine planctomycete Rhodopirellula baltica SH1(T) was studied using a biotinylation and a proteinase K approach combined with SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. 52 of the proteins identified in both approaches could be assigned to the group of potential surface proteins. Among them are some high molecular weight proteins, potentially involved in cell-cell attachment, that contain domains shown before to be typical for surface proteins like cadherin/dockerin domains, a bacterial adhesion domain or the fasciclin domain. The identification of proteins with enzymatic functions in the R. baltica surfaceome provides further clues for the suggestion that some degradative enzymes may be anchored onto the cell surface. YTV proteins, which have been earlier supposed to be components of the proteinaceous cell wall of R. baltica, were detected in the surface proteome. Additionally, 8 proteins with a novel protein structure combining a conserved type IV pilin/N-methylation domain and a planctomycete-typical DUF1559 domain were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Voigt
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
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40
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Gagic D, Wen W, Collett MA, Rakonjac J. Unique secreted-surface protein complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, identified by phage display. Microbiologyopen 2012; 2:1-17. [PMID: 23233310 PMCID: PMC3584209 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are the most diverse structures on bacterial surfaces; hence, they are candidates for species- and strain-specific interactions of bacteria with the host, environment, and other microorganisms. Genomics has decoded thousands of bacterial surface and secreted proteins, yet the function of most cannot be predicted because of the enormous variability and a lack of experimental data that would allow deduction of function through homology. Here, we used phage display to identify a pair of interacting extracellular proteins in the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. A secreted protein, SpcA, containing two bacterial immunoglobulin-like domains type 3 (Big-3) and a domain distantly related to plant pathogen response domain 1 (PR-1-like) was identified by screening of an L. rhamnosus HN001 library using HN001 cells as bait. The SpcA-"docking" protein, SpcB, was in turn detected by another phage display library screening, using purified SpcA as bait. SpcB is a 3275-residue cell-surface protein that contains general features of large glycosylated Serine-rich adhesins/fibrils from gram-positive bacteria, including the hallmark signal sequence motif KxYKxGKxW. Both proteins are encoded by genes within a L. rhamnosus-unique gene cluster that distinguishes this species from other lactobacilli. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a secreted-docking protein pair identified in lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Gagic
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Thanassi DG, Bliska JB, Christie PJ. Surface organelles assembled by secretion systems of Gram-negative bacteria: diversity in structure and function. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:1046-82. [PMID: 22545799 PMCID: PMC3421059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria express a wide variety of organelles on their cell surface. These surface structures may be the end products of secretion systems, such as the hair-like fibers assembled by the chaperone/usher (CU) and type IV pilus pathways, which generally function in adhesion to surfaces and bacterial-bacterial and bacterial-host interactions. Alternatively, the surface organelles may be integral components of the secretion machinery itself, such as the needle complex and pilus extensions formed by the type III and type IV secretion systems, which function in the delivery of bacterial effectors inside host cells. Bacterial surface structures perform functions critical for pathogenesis and have evolved to withstand forces exerted by the external environment and cope with defenses mounted by the host immune system. Given their essential roles in pathogenesis and exposed nature, bacterial surface structures also make attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will describe the structure and function of surface organelles assembled by four different Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems: the CU pathway, the type IV pilus pathway, and the type III and type IV secretion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Thanassi
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA.
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Funken H, Bartels KM, Wilhelm S, Brocker M, Bott M, Bains M, Hancock REW, Rosenau F, Jaeger KE. Specific association of lectin LecB with the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of outer membrane protein OprF. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46857. [PMID: 23056489 PMCID: PMC3466170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fucose binding lectin LecB affects biofilm formation and is involved in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LecB resides in the outer membrane and can be released specifically by treatment of an outer membrane fraction with fucose suggesting that it binds to specific ligands. Here, we report that LecB binds to the outer membrane protein OprF. In an OprF-deficient P. aeruginosa mutant, LecB is no longer detectable in the membrane but instead in the culture supernatant indicating a specific interaction between LecB and OprF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Funken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Kai-Malte Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Susanne Wilhelm
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
| | - Melanie Brocker
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Manjeet Bains
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Juelich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Rêgo AT, Johnson JG, Gelbel S, Enguita FJ, Clegg S, Waksman G. Crystal structure of the MrkD1P receptor binding domain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and identification of the human collagen V binding interface. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:882-93. [PMID: 22988966 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella species are members of the family enterobacteriaceae, opportunistic pathogens that are among the eight most prevalent infectious agents in hospitals. Among other virulence factors in Klebsiella, type 3 pili exhibit a unique binding pattern in the human kidney via interaction of two MrkD adhesion variants 1C1 and 1P to type IV and/or V collagen. However, very little is known about the nature of this recognition. Here we present the crystal structure of the plasmid born MrkD1P receptor domain (MrkDrd). The structure reveals a jelly-roll β-barrel fold comprising 17 β-strands very similar to the receptor domain of GafD, the tip adhesin from the F17 pilus that recognizes n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Analysis of collagen V binding of different MrkD1P mutants revealed that two regions were responsible for its binding: a pocket, that aligns approximately with the GlcNAc binding pocket of GafD involving residues R105 and Y155, and a transversally oriented patch that spans strands β2a, β9b and β6 including residues V49, T52, V91, R102 and I136. Taken together, these data provide structural and functional insights on MrkD1P recognition of host cells, providing a tool for future development of rationally designed drugs with the prospect of blocking Klebsiella adhesion to collagen V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Toste Rêgo
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
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Moonens K, Bouckaert J, Coddens A, Tran T, Panjikar S, De Kerpel M, Cox E, Remaut H, De Greve H. Structural insight in histo-blood group binding by the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:82-95. [PMID: 22812428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
F18-positive enterotoxigenic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are responsible for post-weaning diarrhoea and oedema disease in pigs and lead to severe production losses in the farming industry. F18 fimbriae attach to the small intestine of young piglets by latching onto glycosphingolipids with A/H blood group determinants on type 1 core. We demonstrate the N-terminal domain of the F18 fimbrial subunit FedF to be responsible for ABH-mediated attachment and present its X-ray structure in ligand-free form and bound to A and B type 1 hexaoses. The FedF lectin domain comprises a 10-stranded immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich. Three linear motives, Q(47) -N(50), H(88) -S(90) and R(117) -T(119), form a shallow glycan binding pocket near the tip of the domain that is selective for type 1 core glycans in extended conformation. In addition to the glycan binding pocket, a polybasic loop on the membrane proximal surface of FedF lectin domain is shown to be required for binding to piglet enterocytes. Although dispensable for ABH glycan recognition, the polybasic surface adds binding affinity in the context of the host cell membrane, a mechanism that is proposed to direct ABH-glycan binding to cell-bound glycosphingolipids and could allow bacteria to avoid clearance by secreted glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
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Juge N. Microbial adhesins to gastrointestinal mucus. Trends Microbiol 2011; 20:30-9. [PMID: 22088901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is lined by a layer of mucus formed by mucin glycoproteins. This layer constitutes a physical and chemical barrier between the intestinal contents and the underlying epithelia. In addition to this protective role, mucins harbor glycan-rich domains that provide preferential binding sites for pathogens and commensal bacteria. Although mucus-microbial interactions in the GIT play a crucial role in determining the outcome of relationships of both commensal and pathogens with the host, the adhesins and ligands involved in the interaction are poorly delineated. This review focuses on the current knowledge of microbial adhesins to gastrointestinal mucus and mucus components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Juge
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Rapid probing of biological surfaces with a sparse-matrix peptide library. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23551. [PMID: 21858167 PMCID: PMC3156232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding unique peptides to target specific biological surfaces is crucial to basic research and technology development, though methods based on biological arrays or large libraries limit the speed and ease with which these necessary compounds can be found. We reasoned that because biological surfaces, such as cell surfaces, mineralized tissues, and various extracellular matrices have unique molecular compositions, they present unique physicochemical signatures to the surrounding medium which could be probed by peptides with appropriately corresponding physicochemical properties. To test this hypothesis, a naïve pilot library of 36 peptides, varying in their hydrophobicity and charge, was arranged in a two-dimensional matrix and screened against various biological surfaces. While the number of peptides in the matrix library was very small, we obtained “hits” against all biological surfaces probed. Sequence refinement of the “hits” led to peptides with markedly higher specificity and binding activity against screened biological surfaces. Genetic studies revealed that peptide binding to bacteria was mediated, at least in some cases, by specific cell-surface molecules, while examination of human tooth sections showed that this method can be used to derive peptides with highly specific binding to human tissue.
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A glycobiology review: carbohydrates, lectins and implications in cancer therapeutics. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:236-47. [PMID: 20199800 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended for general readers who would like a basic foundation in carbohydrate structure and function, lectin biology, and the implications of glycobiology in human health and disease, particularly in cancer therapeutics. These topics are among the hundreds included in the field of glycobiology and are treated here because they form the cornerstone of glycobiology or the focus of many advances in this rapidly expanding field.
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Geibel S, Waksman G. Crystallography and Electron Microscopy of Chaperone/Usher Pilus Systems. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 715:159-74. [PMID: 21557063 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0940-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Geibel
- Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, London, UK.
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Korea CG, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. The sweet connection: Solving the riddle of multiple sugar-binding fimbrial adhesins in Escherichia coli. Bioessays 2011; 33:300-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ledesma-Osuna AI, Ramos-Clamont G, Guzman-Partida AM, Vazquez-Moreno L. Conjugates of bovine serum albumin with chitin oligosaccharides prepared through the Maillard reaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12000-12005. [PMID: 21043451 DOI: 10.1021/jf102869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitin neoglycoconjugates (BSA-CO) were obtained by the conjugation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with chitin oligosaccharides (CO) through the Maillard reaction (nonenzymatic glycation). CO produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin were fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane system (1-3 kDa cutoff). The Maillard reaction was carried out by heating a freeze-dried mixture containing BSA and CO at 60 °C (under 43% relative humidity for 6 and 12 h). BSA-CO were characterized by available amino groups content, intrinsic tryptophan emission spectra, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Biological assays included interaction with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and with bacterial adhesins of Escherichia coli K88+ and Salmonella choleraesuis. Glycation of BSA was revealed by reduction of available amino groups and fluorescence intensity and also retarded migration through SDS-PAGE. Conjugation of BSA with chitin oligomers appeared to be time dependent and was confirmed by mass spectrometry, by which molecular mass increase for monomers and dimers was observed. Monomers were estimated to contain either one or two glycation sites (at 6 and 12 h of treatment, respectively), with one or two tetrasaccharide units attached. Consequently, dimers showed two or four glycation sites. BSA-CO presented biological recognition by WGA and E. coli K88+ and S. cholerasuis adhesins. The strategy used in this work represents a simple method to obtain glycoconjugates to study applications involving protein-carbohydrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ledesma-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico CP 83000
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