1
|
Abedsaeidi M, Hojjati F, Tavassoli A, Sahebkar A. Biology of Tenascin C and its Role in Physiology and Pathology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2706-2731. [PMID: 37021423 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230404124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a multimodular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein hexameric with several molecular forms (180-250 kDa) produced by alternative splicing at the pre-mRNA level and protein modifications. The molecular phylogeny indicates that the amino acid sequence of TNC is a well-conserved protein among vertebrates. TNC has binding partners, including fibronectin, collagen, fibrillin-2, periostin, proteoglycans, and pathogens. Various transcription factors and intracellular regulators tightly regulate TNC expression. TNC plays an essential role in cell proliferation and migration. Unlike embryonic tissues, TNC protein is distributed over a few tissues in adults. However, higher TNC expression is observed in inflammation, wound healing, cancer, and other pathological conditions. It is widely expressed in a variety of human malignancies and is recognized as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, TNC increases both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been identified as an essential factor in tissue injuries such as damaged skeletal muscle, heart disease, and kidney fibrosis. This multimodular hexameric glycoprotein modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses regulating the expression of numerous cytokines. Moreover, TNC is an important regulatory molecule that affects the onset and progression of neuronal disorders through many signaling pathways. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and expression properties of TNC and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tavassoli
- Division of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sumioka T, Matsumoto KI, Reinach PS, Saika S. Tenascins and osteopontin in biological response in cornea. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:131-149. [PMID: 37209968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structural composition, integrity and regular curvature of the cornea contribute to the maintenance of its transparency and vision. Disruption of its integrity caused by injury results in scarring, inflammation and neovascularization followed by losses in transparency. These sight compromising effects is caused by dysfunctional corneal resident cell responses induced by the wound healing process. Upregulation of growth factors/cytokines and neuropeptides affect development of aberrant behavior. These factors trigger keratocytes to first transform into activated fibroblasts and then to myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts express extracellular matrix components for tissue repair and contract the tissue to facilitate wound closure. Proper remodeling following primary repair is critical for restoration of transparency and visual function. Extracellular matrix components contributing to the healing process are divided into two groups; a group of classical tissue structural components and matrix macromolecules that modulate cell behaviors/activities besides being integrated into the matrix structure. The latter components are designated as matricellular proteins. Their functionality is elicited through mechanisms which modulate the scaffold integrity, cell behaviors, activation/inactivation of either growth factors or cytoplasmic signaling regulation. We discuss here the functional roles of matricellular proteins in mediating injury-induced corneal tissue repair. The roles are described of major matricellular proteins, which include tenascin C, tenascin X and osteopontin. Focus is directed towards dealing with their roles in modulating individual activities of wound healing-related growth factors, e. g., transforming growth factor β (TGF β). Modulation of matricellular protein functions could encompass a potential novel strategy to improve the outcome of injury-induced corneal wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- Department of Biological. Sciences SUNY Optometry, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, 641-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsui K, Torii S, Hara S, Maruyama K, Arai T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C in Tissue Repair after Myocardial Infarction in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10184. [PMID: 37373332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is progressive ventricular dilatation associated with heart failure for weeks or months and is currently regarded as the most critical sequela of MI. It is explained by inadequate tissue repair due to dysregulated inflammation during the acute stage; however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Tenascin-C (TNC), an original member of the matricellular protein family, is highly up-regulated in the acute stage after MI, and a high peak in its serum level predicts an increased risk of adverse ventricular remodeling in the chronic stage. Experimental TNC-deficient or -overexpressing mouse models have suggested the diverse functions of TNC, particularly its pro-inflammatory effects on macrophages. The present study investigated the roles of TNC during human myocardial repair. We initially categorized the healing process into four phases: inflammatory, granulation, fibrogenic, and scar phases. We then immunohistochemically examined human autopsy samples at the different stages after MI and performed detailed mapping of TNC in human myocardial repair with a focus on lymphangiogenesis, the role of which has recently been attracting increasing attention as a mechanism to resolve inflammation. The direct effects of TNC on human lymphatic endothelial cells were also assessed by RNA sequencing. The results obtained support the potential roles of TNC in the regulation of macrophages, sprouting angiogenesis, the recruitment of myofibroblasts, and the early formation of collagen fibrils during the inflammatory phase to the early granulation phase of human MI. Lymphangiogenesis was observed after the expression of TNC was down-regulated. In vitro results revealed that TNC modestly down-regulated genes related to nuclear division, cell division, and cell migration in lymphatic endothelial cells, suggesting its inhibitory effects on lymphatic endothelial cells. The present results indicate that TNC induces prolonged over-inflammation by suppressing lymphangiogenesis, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying adverse post-infarct remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsui
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Sota Torii
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 3-52 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C in Heart Diseases-The Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115828. [PMID: 34072423 PMCID: PMC8198581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein and an original member of the matricellular protein family. TNC is transiently expressed in the heart during embryonic development, but is rarely detected in normal adults; however, its expression is strongly up-regulated with inflammation. Although neither TNC-knockout nor -overexpressing mice show a distinct phenotype, disease models using genetically engineered mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed multiple significant roles for TNC in responses to injury and myocardial repair, particularly in the regulation of inflammation. In most cases, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by aggravating inflammation/fibrosis. Furthermore, accumulating clinical evidence has shown that high TNC levels predict adverse ventricular remodeling and a poor prognosis in patients with various heart diseases. Since the importance of inflammation has attracted attention in the pathophysiology of heart diseases, this review will focus on the roles of TNC in various types of inflammatory reactions, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive fibrosis, myocarditis caused by viral infection or autoimmunity, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The utility of TNC as a biomarker for the stratification of myocardial disease conditions and the selection of appropriate therapies will also be discussed from a clinical viewpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yonebayashi S, Tajiri K, Hara M, Saito H, Suzuki N, Sakai S, Kimura T, Sato A, Sekimoto A, Fujita S, Okamoto R, Schwartz RJ, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Generation of Transgenic Mice that Conditionally Overexpress Tenascin-C. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620541. [PMID: 33763067 PMCID: PMC7982461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed during embryogenesis. It is not expressed in normal adults, but is up-regulated under pathological conditions. Although TNC knockout mice do not show a distinct phenotype, analyses of disease models using TNC knockout mice combined with in vitro experiments revealed the diverse functions of TNC. Since high TNC levels often predict a poor prognosis in various clinical settings, we developed a transgenic mouse that overexpresses TNC through Cre recombinase-mediated activation. Genomic walking showed that the transgene was integrated into and truncated the Atp8a2 gene. While homozygous transgenic mice showed a severe neurological phenotype, heterozygous mice were viable, fertile, and did not exhibit any distinct abnormalities. Breeding hemizygous mice with Nkx2.5 promoter-Cre or α-myosin heavy chain promoter Cre mice induced the heart-specific overexpression of TNC in embryos and adults. TNC-overexpressing mouse hearts did not have distinct histological or functional abnormalities. However, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines was significantly up-regulated and mortality rates during the acute stage after myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of the controls. Our novel transgenic mouse may be applied to investigations on the role of TNC overexpression in vivo in various tissue/organ pathologies using different Cre donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Yonebayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mari Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Saito
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Animal Genomics, Functional Genomics Institute, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyo Sekimoto
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.,Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsumoto KI, Aoki H. The Roles of Tenascins in Cardiovascular, Inflammatory, and Heritable Connective Tissue Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:609752. [PMID: 33335533 PMCID: PMC7736112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascins are a family of multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins with time- and tissue specific expression patterns during development, tissue homeostasis, and diseases. There are four family members (tenascin-C, -R, -X, -W) in vertebrates. Among them, tenascin-X (TNX) and tenascin-C (TNC) play important roles in human pathologies. TNX is expressed widely in loose connective tissues. TNX contributes to the stability and maintenance of the collagen network, and its absence causes classical-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (clEDS), a heritable connective tissue disorder. In contrast, TNC is specifically and transiently expressed upon pathological conditions such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. There is growing evidence that TNC is involved in inflammatory processes with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory activity in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize the roles of these two tenascins, TNX and TNC, in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and in clEDS, and we discuss the functional consequences of the expression of these tenascins for tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tawara I, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C in cardiac disease: a sophisticated controller of inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C781-C796. [PMID: 32845719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein classified as a matricellular protein that is generally upregulated at high levels during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling and is involved in important biological signaling pathways. In the heart, TNC is transiently expressed at several important steps during embryonic development and is sparsely detected in normal adult heart but is re-expressed in a spatiotemporally restricted manner under pathological conditions associated with inflammation, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive cardiac fibrosis, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Despite its characteristic and spatiotemporally restricted expression, TNC knockout mice develop a grossly normal phenotype. However, various disease models using TNC null mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed many important functions for TNC and multiple molecular cascades that control cellular responses in inflammation, tissue repair, and even myocardial regeneration. TNC has context-dependent diverse functions and, thus, may exert both harmful and beneficial effects in damaged hearts. However, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by proinflammatory and profibrotic effects in most cases. Its specific expression also makes TNC a feasible diagnostic biomarker and target for molecular imaging to assess inflammation in the heart. Several preclinical studies have shown the utility of TNC as a biomarker for assessing the prognosis of patients and selecting appropriate therapy, particularly for inflammatory heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Belviso I, Romano V, Sacco AM, Ricci G, Massai D, Cammarota M, Catizone A, Schiraldi C, Nurzynska D, Terzini M, Aldieri A, Serino G, Schonauer F, Sirico F, D'Andrea F, Montagnani S, Di Meglio F, Castaldo C. Decellularized Human Dermal Matrix as a Biological Scaffold for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:229. [PMID: 32266249 PMCID: PMC7099865 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and highly organized environment in which cells reside consists primarily of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that delivers biological signals and physical stimuli to resident cells. In the native myocardium, the ECM contributes to both heart compliance and cardiomyocyte maturation and function. Thus, myocardium regeneration cannot be accomplished if cardiac ECM is not restored. We hypothesize that decellularized human skin might make an easily accessible and viable alternate biological scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). To test our hypothesis, we decellularized specimens of both human skin and human myocardium and analyzed and compared their composition by histological methods and quantitative assays. Decellularized dermal matrix was then cut into 600-μm-thick sections and either tested by uniaxial tensile stretching to characterize its mechanical behavior or used as three-dimensional scaffold to assess its capability to support regeneration by resident cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) in vitro. Histological and quantitative analyses of the dermal matrix provided evidence of both effective decellularization with preserved tissue architecture and retention of ECM proteins and growth factors typical of cardiac matrix. Further, the elastic modulus of the dermal matrix resulted comparable with that reported in literature for the human myocardium and, when tested in vitro, dermal matrix resulted a comfortable and protective substrate promoting and supporting hCPC engraftment, survival and cardiomyogenic potential. Our study provides compelling evidence that dermal matrix holds promise as a fully autologous and cost-effective biological scaffold for CTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Terzini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aldieri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Serino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Schonauer
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Sirico
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Andrea
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vermeulen Z, Mateiu L, Dugaucquier L, De Keulenaer GW, Segers VFM. Cardiac endothelial cell transcriptome in neonatal, adult, and remodeling hearts. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:186-196. [PMID: 30978160 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00002.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) are the most numerous cells in the myocardium and orchestrate cardiogenesis during development, regulate adult cardiac function, and modulate pathophysiology of heart failure. It has been shown that the transcriptome of CMVECs differs from other endothelial cell types, but transcriptomic changes in cardiac endothelial cells during cardiac maturation and cardiac remodeling have not been studied. CMVECs were isolated from rat hearts based on CD31 expression and were immediately processed for RNA sequencing. We compared gene expression levels from primary CMVECs of neonatal hearts, normal adult hearts, and infarcted hearts. Between neonatal and adult CMVECs, 6,838 genes were differentially expressed, indicating that CMVECs undergo a substantial transformation during postnatal cardiac growth. A large fraction of genes upregulated in neonatal CMVECs are part of mitosis pathways, whereas a large fraction of genes upregulated in adult CMVECs are part of cellular response, secretory, signaling, and cell adhesion pathways. Between CMVECs of normal adult hearts and infarcted hearts, 159 genes were differentially expressed. We found a limited degree of overlap (55 genes) between the differentially expressed genes in neonatal and infarcted-hearts. Of 46 significantly upregulated genes in the infarcted heart, 46% were also upregulated in neonatal hearts relative to sham. Of 113 significantly downregulated genes in the infarcted-hearts, 30% were also downregulated in neonatal hearts relative to sham. These data demonstrate that CMVECs undergo dramatic changes from neonatal to adult and more subtle changes between normal state and cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarha Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Ligia Mateiu
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp , Belgium
| | | | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Middelheim Hospital , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of tenascin C in cardiovascular lesions of Kawasaki disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 38:25-30. [PMID: 30419479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To examine tenascin C (TN-C) expression in coronary artery lesions (CALs) and myocardial lesions (MLs) in Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five KD autopsy cases (post-KD-onset range of 6 days to 17 years) were examined in this study. Time-course analysis based on the disease day was performed of the histological findings for the CALs and MLs, as well as the localization and intensity of expression of TN-C. TN-C expression was observed to coincide with the areas where inflammatory cell infiltration was present in both coronary arteries and myocardium during the acute stage of KD, and the intensity of its expression correlated with the degree of inflammation. Obvious TN-C expression persisted in the thickened intima and media of CALs even after Disease Day 27. However, in spite of the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration, TN-C expression became weaker in the adventitia and surrounding connective tissue. After 8 months or more, TN-C was not expressed in the vasculitis scars of most cases, but expression was observed around newly formed vessels in the thickened intima and around recanalized vessels after thrombotic occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a correlation between the degree of inflammation and TN-C expression in the cardiovascular lesions of acute-stage Kawasaki disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Imanaka-Yoshida K, Matsumoto KI. Multiple Roles of Tenascins in Homeostasis and Pathophysiology of Aorta. Ann Vasc Dis 2018; 11:169-180. [PMID: 30116408 PMCID: PMC6094038 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.17-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascins are a family of large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. Four family members (tenascin-C, -R, -X, and -W) have been identified to date. Each member consists of the same types of structural domains and exhibits time- and tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting their specific roles in embryonic development and tissue remodeling. Among them, the significant involvement of tenascin-C (TNC) and tenascin-X (TNX) in the progression of vascular diseases has been examined in detail. TNC is strongly up-regulated under pathological conditions, induced by a number of inflammatory mediators and mechanical stress. TNC has diverse functions, particularly in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Recent studies suggest that TNC is involved in the pathophysiology of aneurysmal and dissecting lesions, in part by protecting the vascular wall from destructive mechanical stress. TNX is strongly expressed in vascular walls, and its distribution is often reciprocal to that of TNC. TNX is involved in the stability and maintenance of the collagen network and elastin fibers. A deficiency in TNX results in a form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Although their exact roles in vascular diseases have not yet been elucidated, TNC and TNX are now being recognized as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and risk stratification of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jamaluddin MFB, Nagendra PB, Nahar P, Oldmeadow C, Tanwar PS. Proteomic Analysis Identifies Tenascin-C Expression Is Upregulated in Uterine Fibroids. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:476-486. [PMID: 29730954 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118773420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most common gynecological tumors, which are enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroids are leading cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and hysterectomy. One of the major questions yet to be answered is the overproduction of specific ECM components in human uterine fibroids, particularly in relation to mutations in the driver gene mediator complex subunit 12 ( MED12). Surgical specimens from 14 patients with uterine leiomyoma having fibroids and corresponding adjacent normal myometrium (ANM) were utilized to analyze genetic and proteomic expression patterns in the tissue samples. MED12 mutations in the fibroids were screened by Sanger sequencing. iTRAQ was used to label the peptides in small-, medium-, and large-sized fibroid samples of annotated MED12 mutation from the same patient. The mixtures of the peptides were fractionated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the differential expression proteins. Using isobaric tagged-based quantitative mass spectrometry on 3 selected patients, ECM-related protein tenascin-C (TNC) was observed significantly upregulated (>1.5-fold) with a confidence corresponding to false discovery rate (FDR) <1% in small-, medium-, and large-sized fibroid samples regardless of MED12 mutation status. The TNC was validated on additional patient samples using Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confirmed significant overexpression of this protein in fibroids compared to matched ANM. Proteomic analyses have identified the increased ECM protein expression, TNC, as a hallmark of uterine fibroids regardless of MED12 mutations. Further functional studies focusing on the upregulated ECM proteins in leiomyogenesis will lead to the identification of novel ECM drug targets for fibroid treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fairuz B Jamaluddin
- 1 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prathima B Nagendra
- 1 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pravin Nahar
- 2 School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,3 Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- 4 Clinical Research Design, Information Technology and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- 1 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Levels of Circulating mRNA for the Tenascin-X (TNXB) Gene in Maternal Plasma at the Second Trimester in Pregnancies with Isolated Congenital Ventricular Septal Defects. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:235-240. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Bone Marrow-Derived Tenascin-C Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Controlling Inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1601-1615. [PMID: 28935038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenascin-C (TNC) is a highly conserved matricellular protein with a distinct expression pattern during development and disease. Remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in response to pressure overload leads to the re-expression of the fetal gene program. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the function of TNC in cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. METHODS Pressure overload was induced in TNC knockout and wild-type mice by constricting their abdominal aorta or by infusion of angiotensin II. Echocardiography, immunostaining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and reciprocal bone marrow transplantation were used to evaluate the effect of TNC deficiency. RESULTS Echocardiographic analysis of pressure overloaded hearts revealed that all LV parameters (LV end-diastolic and -systolic dimensions, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening) deteriorated in TNC-deficient mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. Cardiomyocyte size and collagen accumulation were significantly greater in the absence of TNC. Mechanistically, TNC deficiency promoted rapid accumulation of the CCR2+/Ly6Chi monocyte/macrophage subset into the myocardium in response to pressure overload. Further, echocardiographic and immunohistochemical analyses of recipient hearts showed that expression of TNC in the bone marrow, but not the myocardium, protected the myocardium against excessive remodeling of the pressure-overloaded heart. CONCLUSIONS TNC deficiency further impaired cardiac function in response to pressure overload and exacerbated fibrosis by enhancing inflammation. In addition, expression of TNC in the bone marrow, but not the myocardium, protected the myocardium against excessive remodeling in response to mild pressure overload.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang KL, Parnall M, Loughna S. Effect of altered haemodynamics on the developing mitral valve in chick embryonic heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:114-126. [PMID: 28576718 PMCID: PMC5529288 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracardiac haemodynamics is crucial for normal cardiogenesis, with recent evidence showing valvulogenesis is haemodynamically dependent and inextricably linked with shear stress. Although valve anomalies have been associated with genetic mutations, often the cause is unknown. However, altered haemodynamics have been suggested as a pathogenic contributor to bicuspid aortic valve disease. Conversely, how abnormal haemodynamics impacts mitral valve development is still poorly understood. In order to analyse altered blood flow, the outflow tract of the chick heart was constricted using a ligature to increase cardiac pressure overload. Outflow tract-banding was performed at HH21, with harvesting at crucial valve development stages (HH26, HH29 and HH35). Although normal valve morphology was found in HH26 outflow tract banded hearts, smaller and dysmorphic mitral valve primordia were seen upon altered haemodynamics in histological and stereological analysis at HH29 and HH35. A decrease in apoptosis, and aberrant expression of a shear stress responsive gene and extracellular matrix markers in the endocardial cushions were seen in the chick HH29 outflow tract banded hearts. In addition, dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibrillin-2, type III collagen and tenascin were further demonstrated in more mature primordial mitral valve leaflets at HH35, with a concomitant decrease of ECM cross-linking enzyme, transglutaminase-2. These data provide compelling evidence that normal haemodynamics are a prerequisite for normal mitral valve morphogenesis, and abnormal blood flow could be a contributing factor in mitral valve defects, with differentiation as a possible underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kar Lai Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Matthew Parnall
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Development of coronary vessels is a complex process in developmental biology and it may have clinical implications. Although coronary vessels develop as a form of vasculogenesis followed by angiogenesis, the cells of the entire coronary system do not arise from the developing heart. The key events of the coronary system formation include the generation of primordium and proepicardial organ; formation of epicardium; generation of subepicardial mesenchymal cells, and the formation, remodeling and maturation of the final vascular plexus. These events represent a complex regulation of the cell fate determination, cellular migration, epicardial/mesenchymal transformation, and patterning of vasculatures. Recent studies suggest that several transcription factors, adhesion molecules, growth factors and signaling molecules play essential roles in these events. This article reviews the literature on the development of coronary vessels, and discusses current advances and controversies of molecular and cellular mechanisms, thereby directing future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mu
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gaber R, Ibrahim WS, Nofal HES, Mahran DS. Value of serum tenascin-C in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Gaber
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Wesam Salah Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Hanaa El-sayed Nofal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Dina Shafik Mahran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptFaculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Detection of Soluble ED-A(+) Fibronectin and Evaluation as Novel Serum Biomarker for Cardiac Tissue Remodeling. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:3695454. [PMID: 27635109 PMCID: PMC5007333 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3695454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Fibronectin containing the extra domain A (ED-A+ Fn) was proven to serve as a valuable biomarker for cardiac remodeling. The study was aimed at establishing an ELISA to determine ED-A+ Fn in serum of heart failure patients. Methods. ED-A+ Fn was quantified in serum samples from 114 heart failure patients due to ischemic (ICM, n = 44) and dilated (DCM, n = 39) cardiomyopathy as well as hypertensive heart disease (HHD, n = 31) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). Results. In comparison to healthy volunteers, heart failure patients showed significantly increased levels of ED-A+ Fn (p < 0.001). In particular in ICM patients there were significant associations between ED-A+ Fn serum levels and clinical parameters, for example, increased levels with rising NYHA class (p = 0.013), a negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.026, r: −0.353), a positive correlation with left atrial diameter (p = 0.008, r: 0.431), and a strong positive correlation with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.002, r: 0.485). In multivariate analysis, ED-A+ Fn was identified as an independent predictor of an ischemic heart failure etiology. Conclusions. The current study could clearly show that ED-A+ Fn is a promising biomarker in cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure patients due to an ICM. We presented a valid ELISA method, which could be applied for further studies investigating the value of ED-A+ Fn.
Collapse
|
19
|
Curti A, Lapucci C, Berto S, Prandstraller D, Perolo A, Rizzo N, Farina A. Maternal plasma mRNA species in fetal heart defects: a potential for molecular screening. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:738-43. [PMID: 27257136 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the hypothesis that aberrant placental mRNA genes related to cardiogenesis can be detected in maternal plasma at the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS NanoString technology was used to identify aberrant genes, comparing 39 women carrying a fetus with a congenital heart defect (CHD) to 31 controls at 19-24 weeks of gestation. The genes with differential expression were subsequently tested using real time polymerase chain reaction. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to combine all the mRNA species with discriminant ability for CHD. A multivariable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve having the estimated discriminant score as an explanatory variable was generated. RESULTS Six genes with differential expression, namely FALZ, PAPP-A, PRKACB, SAV1, STK4 and TNXB2, were found. The ROC curve yielded a detection rate of 66.7% at a false positive rate of 10%. A higher discriminant score (>75(th) centile) was reached for 14 CHD cases (82.4%) and only 1 control (5.8%). Two cases (11.8%) of heart rhythm disorders also yielded a discriminant score value >75(th) centile. CONCLUSION These data represent a step forward in the screening of CHDs. Additional studies are needed to detect more mRNAs with discriminant ability and to move the first trimester screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Curti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Prandstraller
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Perolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yokokawa T, Sugano Y, Nakayama T, Nagai T, Matsuyama TA, Ohta-Ogo K, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Nakatani T, Yasuda S, Takeishi Y, Ogawa H, Anzai T. Significance of myocardial tenascin-C expression in left ventricular remodelling and long-term outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:375-85. [PMID: 26763891 PMCID: PMC5066704 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has a variety of causes, and no useful approach to predict left ventricular (LV) remodelling and long‐term outcome has yet been established. Myocardial tenascin‐C (TNC) is known to appear under pathological conditions, possibly to regulate cardiac remodelling. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of myocardial TNC expression in LV remodelling and the long‐term outcome in DCM. Methods and results One hundred and twenty‐three consecutive DCM patients who underwent endomyocardial biopsy for initial diagnosis were studied. Expression of TNC in biopsy sections was analysed immunohistochemically to quantify the ratio of the TNC‐positive area to the whole myocardial tissue area (TNC area). Clinical parameters associated with TNC area were investigated. The patients were divided into two groups based on receiver operating characteristic analysis of TNC area to predict death: high TNC group with TNC area ≥2.3% (22 patients) and low TNC group with TNC area <2.3% (101 patients). High TNC was associated with diabetes mellitus. Comparing echocardiographic findings between before and 9 months after endomyocardial biopsy, the low TNC group was associated with decreased LV end‐diastolic diameter and increased LV ejection fraction, whereas the high TNC group was not. Survival analysis revealed a worse outcome in the high TNC group than in the low TNC group (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that TNC area was independently associated with poor outcome (HR = 1.347, P = 0.032). Conclusions Increased myocardial TNC expression was associated with worse LV remodeling and long‐term outcome in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Yokokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohta-Ogo
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Nakatani
- Department of Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Miyagawa-Tomita S. Tenascin-C in development and disease of blood vessels. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 297:1747-57. [PMID: 25125186 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular glycoprotein categorized as a matricellular protein. It is highly expressed during embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer invasion, and has a wide range of effects on cell response in tissue morphogenesis and remodeling including the cardiovascular system. In the heart, TNC is sparsely detected in normal adults but transiently expressed at restricted sites during embryonic development and in response to injury, playing an important role in myocardial remodeling. Although TNC in the vascular system appears more complex than in the heart, the expression of TNC in normal adult blood vessels is generally low. During embryonic development, vascular smooth muscle cells highly express TNC on maturation of the vascular wall, which is controlled in a way that depends on the embryonic site of cell origin. Strong expression of TNC is also linked with several pathological conditions such as cerebral vasospasm, intimal hyperplasia, pulmonary artery hypertension, and aortic aneurysm/ dissection. TNC synthesized by smooth muscle cells in response to developmental and environmental cues regulates cell responses such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in an autocrine/paracrine fashion and in a context-dependent manner. Thus, TNC can be a key molecule in controlling cellular activity in adaptation during normal vascular development as well as tissue remodeling in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shinohara Y, Okamoto K, Goh Y, Kiga N, Tojyo I, Fujita S. Inhibition of fibrous adhesion formation in the temporomandibular joint of tenascin-C knockout mice. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2337. [PMID: 25578971 PMCID: PMC4289843 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in developing organs and tumors. It has been reported that TNC is expressed in inflamed synovial membranes and deformed discs of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. However, the role of TNC in TMJ is not fully known. In this study, the role of TNC in fibrous adhesion formation of TMJ was examined using TNC knockout (TNCKO) mice. Hypermobility was produced by excessive mouth opening method on the TMJ of both wild-type (WT) and TNCKO mice. TMJ wound healing was compared histologically, and the expression of TNC, fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the wounded TMJ was examined by immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses. Based on histologic analysis, fibrous adhesions were observed in the TMJ of both TNCKO and wild-type (WT) mice after excessive mouth opening. However, fibrous adhesion formation in TNCKO mice occurred later than in WT mice. TNC was expressed in the wounded TMJ disc and mandibular fossa. Although FN and α-SMA expression in the TMJ of TNCKO and WT mice was up-regulated after excessive mouth opening, FN and α-SMA protein levels were higher in WT mice at the same time points. In the wounded TMJ, TNC appears to enhance the expression of FN and α-SMA, and a lack of TNC may reduce fibrous adhesion formation in the TMJ. TNC plays an important role in TMJ wound healing, especially for wounds generated by mechanical stress.
Collapse
|
23
|
Imanaka-Yoshida K, Aoki H. Tenascin-C and mechanotransduction in the development and diseases of cardiovascular system. Front Physiol 2014; 5:283. [PMID: 25120494 PMCID: PMC4114189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Living tissue is composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the heart and blood vessels, which are constantly subjected to mechanical stress, ECM molecules form well-developed fibrous frameworks to maintain tissue structure. ECM is also important for biological signaling, which influences various cellular functions in embryonic development, and physiological/pathological responses to extrinsic stimuli. Among ECM molecules, increased attention has been focused on matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins are a growing group of non-structural ECM proteins highly up-regulated at active tissue remodeling, serving as biological mediators. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a typical matricellular protein, which is highly expressed during embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer invasion. The expression is tightly regulated, dependent on the microenvironment, including various growth factors, cytokines, and mechanical stress. In the heart, TNC appears in a spatiotemporal-restricted manner during early stages of development, sparsely detected in normal adults, but transiently re-expressed at restricted sites associated with tissue injury and inflammation. Similarly, in the vascular system, TNC is strongly up-regulated during embryonic development and under pathological conditions with an increase in hemodynamic stress. Despite its intriguing expression pattern, cardiovascular system develops normally in TNC knockout mice. However, deletion of TNC causes acute aortic dissection (AAD) under strong mechanical and humoral stress. Accumulating reports suggest that TNC may modulate the inflammatory response and contribute to elasticity of the tissue, so that it may protect cardiovascular tissue from destructive stress responses. TNC may be a key molecule to control cellular activity during development, adaptation, or pathological tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu, Japan ; Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hao H, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Nishida N, Kawakami R, Tsukamoto Y, Tsujimoto M, Hirota S. Distribution of myofibroblast and tenascin-C in cystic adventitial disease: Comparison with ganglion. Pathol Int 2014; 63:591-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hao
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda
- Department of Pathology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Pathology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | - Yoshitane Tsukamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology; Hyogo College of Medicine; Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Erer HB, Guvenc TS, Kemik AS, Yilmaz H, Kul S, Altay S, Oz D, Zeren G, Ekmekci A, Zencirci AE, Sayar N, Eren M. Assessment of tenascin-C levels in ventricular noncompaction/hypertrabeculation patients: a cross-sectional study. Echocardiography 2013; 31:203-8. [PMID: 23895622 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ventricular noncompaction/hypertrabeculation (NC/HT) is a rare form of congenital cardiomyopathy. We aimed to investigate the presence of serum tenascin-C (TN-C) in adult patients with NC/HT and evaluate its value. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum TN-C levels were measured by ELISA in 50 NC/HT patients both with/without systolic dysfunction and in 23 normal controls. Systolic dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40. Mann-Whitney U-test and ROC curve analysis were done. Of 49 NC/HT patients, 24 (49%) patients had systolic dysfunction (mean age 36 ± 15) and 25 patients (51%) had normal systolic function (mean age 36 ± 17). The ages between groups were not different. The mean levels of serum TN-C in patients with or without systolic dysfunction were 26 ± 10 ng/mL and 26 ± 8 ng/mL respectively, compared to normal controls, 7 ± 2 ng/mL (P < 0.001). No significance was observed between 2 groups of NC/HT patients regarding TN-C levels (P = 0.8). The ROC curve analysis revealed that a TN-C value of 11.7 ng/mL identified patients with NC/HT with 100% sensitivity and specifity. CONCLUSION High serum TN-C levels are present in adult NC/HT cardiomyopathy even when left ventricular systolic function remains normal. Also, serum TN-C levels could be regarded as a candidate biomarker in the diagnosis of NC/HT which needs to be tested in larger prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Betul Erer
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cardiac fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (biomatrix) as a model for the studies of cardiac primitive cell biological properties in normal and pathological adult human heart. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:352370. [PMID: 23738325 PMCID: PMC3659651 DOI: 10.1155/2013/352370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue regeneration is guided by stem cells and their microenvironment. It has been recently described that both cardiac stem/primitive cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) change in pathological conditions. This study describes the method for the production of ECM typical of adult human heart in the normal and pathological conditions (ischemic heart disease) and highlights the potential use of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM for in vitro studies of the interactions between ECM components and cardiac primitive cells responsible for tissue regeneration. Fibroblasts isolated from adult human normal and pathological heart with ischemic cardiomyopathy were cultured to obtain extracellular matrix (biomatrix), composed of typical extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, and matricellular proteins, laminin, and tenascin. After decellularization, this substrate was used to assess biological properties of cardiac primitive cells: proliferation and migration were stimulated by biomatrix from normal heart, while both types of biomatrix protected cardiac primitive cells from apoptosis. Our model can be used for studies of cell-matrix interactions and help to determine the biochemical cues that regulate cardiac primitive cell biological properties and guide cardiac tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nicholson TB, Singh AK, Su H, Hevi S, Wang J, Bajko J, Li M, Valdez R, Goetschkes M, Capodieci P, Loureiro J, Cheng X, Li E, Kinzel B, Labow M, Chen T. A hypomorphic lsd1 allele results in heart development defects in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60913. [PMID: 23637775 PMCID: PMC3634827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1/Aof2/Kdm1a), the first enzyme with specific lysine demethylase activity to be described, demethylates histone and non-histone proteins and is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Lsd1 interacts with numerous proteins through several different domains, most notably the tower domain, an extended helical structure that protrudes from the core of the protein. While there is evidence that Lsd1-interacting proteins regulate the activity and specificity of Lsd1, the significance and roles of such interactions in developmental processes remain largely unknown. Here we describe a hypomorphic Lsd1 allele that contains two point mutations in the tower domain, resulting in a protein with reduced interaction with known binding partners and decreased enzymatic activity. Mice homozygous for this allele die perinatally due to heart defects, with the majority of animals suffering from ventricular septal defects. Molecular analyses revealed hyperphosphorylation of E-cadherin in the hearts of mutant animals. These results identify a previously unknown role for Lsd1 in heart development, perhaps partly through the control of E-cadherin phosphorylation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/genetics
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/metabolism
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/pathology
- Histone Demethylases
- Homozygote
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/genetics
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Point Mutation
- Pregnancy
- Protein Binding
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Nicholson
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui Su
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hevi
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeff Bajko
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mei Li
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reginald Valdez
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Margaret Goetschkes
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paola Capodieci
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - En Li
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Labow
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taiping Chen
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fujita S, Shimojo N, Terasaki F, Otsuka K, Hosotani N, Kohda Y, Tanaka T, Nishioka T, Yoshida T, Hiroe M, Kitaura Y, Ishizaka N, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Atrial natriuretic peptide exerts protective action against angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by attenuating inflammation via endothelin-1/endothelin receptor A cascade. Heart Vessels 2013; 28:646-57. [PMID: 23277455 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-012-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) attenuates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial remodeling and to clarify the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Thirty-five 8-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into control, Ang II, Ang II + ANP, and ANP groups. The Ang II and Ang II + ANP rats received 1 μg/kg/min Ang II for 14 days. The Ang II + ANP and ANP rats also received 0.1 μg/kg/min ANP intravenously. The Ang II and Ang II + ANP rats showed comparable blood pressure. Left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction were lower in the Ang II rats than in controls; these indices were higher (P < 0.001) in the Ang II + ANP rats than in the Ang II rats. In the Ang II rats, the peak velocity of mitral early inflow and its ratio to atrial contraction-related peak flow velocity were lower, and the deceleration time of mitral early inflow was significantly prolonged; these changes were decreased by ANP. Percent fibrosis was higher (P < 0.001) and average myocyte diameters greater (P < 0.01) in the Ang II rats than in controls. ANP decreased both myocardial fibrosis (P < 0.01) and myocyte hypertrophy (P < 0.01). Macrophage infiltration, expression of mRNA levels of collagen types I and III, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and a profibrotic/proinflammatory molecule, tenascin-C (TN-C) were increased in the Ang II rats; ANP significantly decreased these changes. In vitro, Ang II increased expression of TN-C and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in cardiac fibroblasts, which were reduced by ANP. ET-1 upregulated TN-C expression via endothelin type A receptor. These results suggest that ANP may protect the heart from Ang II-induced remodeling by attenuating inflammation, at least partly through endothelin 1/endothelin receptor A cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The term matricellular proteins describes a family of structurally unrelated extracellular macromolecules that, unlike structural matrix proteins, do not play a primary role in tissue architecture, but are induced following injury and modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. When released to the matrix, matricellular proteins associate with growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive effectors and bind to cell surface receptors transducing signaling cascades. Matricellular proteins are upregulated in the injured and remodeling heart and play an important role in regulation of inflammatory, reparative, fibrotic and angiogenic pathways. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1, -2, and -4 as well as tenascin-C and -X secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), osteopontin, periostin, and members of the CCN family (including CCN1 and CCN2/connective tissue growth factor) are involved in a variety of cardiac pathophysiological conditions, including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, aging-associated myocardial remodeling, myocarditis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. This review discusses the properties and characteristics of the matricellular proteins and presents our current knowledge on their role in cardiac adaptation and disease. Understanding the role of matricellular proteins in myocardial pathophysiology and identification of the functional domains responsible for their actions may lead to design of peptides with therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niebroj-Dobosz I. Tenascin-C in human cardiac pathology. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1516-8. [PMID: 22687648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C), a hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is a pleiotropic regulator of a variety of cell functions associated with embryogenesis, wound healing, cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and nerve regeneration. Due to its role in remodeling processes, TN-C is involved with many pathologic states including cardiac and vascular diseases as well as inflammation and cancer. Assessment of circulating TN-C may help with identification of heart disease, especially in conjunction other cardiac biomarkers. It may be considered a specific biomarker useful in detecting cardiac pathology, especially in early disease stages and subsequent monitoring of cardiologic therapy. This review will highlight the biochemistry and usefulness of TN-C in clinical laboratory diagnostics to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Niebroj-Dobosz
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Halter M, Sisan DR, Chalfoun J, Stottrup BL, Cardone A, Dima AA, Tona A, Plant AL, Elliott JT. Cell cycle dependent TN-C promoter activity determined by live cell imaging. Cytometry A 2012; 79:192-202. [PMID: 22045641 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C plays a critical role in development, wound healing, and cancer progression, but how it is controlled and how it exerts its physiological responses remain unclear. By quantifying the behavior of live cells with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, the dynamic regulation of TN-C promoter activity is examined. We employ an NIH 3T3 cell line stably transfected with the TN-C promoter ligated to the gene sequence for destabilized green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fully automated image analysis routines, validated by comparison with data derived from manual segmentation and tracking of single cells, are used to quantify changes in the cellular GFP in hundreds of individual cells throughout their cell cycle during live cell imaging experiments lasting 62 h. We find that individual cells vary substantially in their expression patterns over the cell cycle, but that on average TN-C promoter activity increases during the last 40% of the cell cycle. We also find that the increase in promoter activity is proportional to the activity earlier in the cell cycle. This work illustrates the application of live cell microscopy and automated image analysis of a promoter-driven GFP reporter cell line to identify subtle gene regulatory mechanisms that are difficult to uncover using population averaged measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Halter
- Cell Systems Science Group/Biochemical Science Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nicholson TB, Su H, Hevi S, Wang J, Bajko J, Li M, Valdez R, Loureiro J, Cheng X, Li E, Kinzel B, Labow M, Chen T. Defective heart development in hypomorphic LSD1 mice. Cell Res 2011:cr2011194. [PMID: 22143567 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/AOF2/KDM1A), the first enzyme with specific lysine demethylase activity to be described, demethylates histone and non-histone proteins and is essential for mouse embryogenesis. LSD1 interacts with numerous proteins through several different domains, most notably the tower domain, an extended helical structure that protrudes from the core of the protein. While there is evidence that LSD1-interacting proteins regulate the activity and specificity of LSD1, the significance and roles of such interactions in developmental processes remain largely unknown. Here we describe a hypomorphic LSD1 allele that contains two point mutations in the tower domain, resulting in a protein with reduced interaction with known binding partners and decreased enzymatic activity. Mice homozygous for this allele die perinatally due to heart defects, with the majority of animals suffering from ventricular septal defects. Transcriptional profiling revealed altered expression of a limited subset of genes in the hearts. This includes an increase in calmodulin kinase (CK) 2β, the regulatory subunit of the CK2 kinase, which correlates with E-cadherin hyperphosphorylation. These results identify a previously unknown role for LSD1 in heart development, perhaps partly through the control of E-cadherin phosphorylation.Cell Research advance online publication 6 December 2011; doi:10.1038/cr.2011.194.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Nicholson
- 1] Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [2] Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Su
- 1] Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [2] Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Hevi
- 1] Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [2] Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeff Bajko
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mei Li
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Reginald Valdez
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Loureiro
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - En Li
- Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bernd Kinzel
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG Forum 1 Novartis Campus CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Labow
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taiping Chen
- 1] Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [2] Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [3] Current address: Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Advances in tenascin-C biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3175-99. [PMID: 21818551 PMCID: PMC3173650 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is specifically and transiently expressed upon tissue injury. Upon tissue damage, tenascin-C plays a multitude of different roles that mediate both inflammatory and fibrotic processes to enable effective tissue repair. In the last decade, emerging evidence has demonstrated a vital role for tenascin-C in cardiac and arterial injury, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as in modulating stem cell behavior. Here we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which tenascin-C mediates these effects and discuss the implications of mis-regulated tenascin-C expression in driving disease pathology.
Collapse
|
34
|
Okamoto H, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Matricellular proteins: new molecular targets to prevent heart failure. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:e198-209. [PMID: 21884011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are highly expressed in reparative responses to pressure and volume overload, ischemia, oxidative stress after myocardial injury, and modulate the inflammatory and fibrotic process in ventricular remodeling, which leads to cardiac dysfunction and eventually overt heart failure. Generally, matricellular proteins loosen strong adhesion of cardiomyocytes to extracellular matrix, which would help cells to move for rearrangement and allow inflammatory cells and capillary vessels to spread during tissue remodeling. Among matricellular proteins, osteopontin (OPN) and tenascin-C (TN-C) are de-adhesion proteins and upregulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases. These matricellular proteins could be key molecules to diagnose cardiac remodeling and also might be targets for the prevention of adverse ventricular remodeling. This review provides an overview of the role of matricellular proteins such as OPN and TN-C in cardiac function and remodeling, as determined by both in basic and in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan. okamotoh@ med.hokudai.ac.jp
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Niebroj-Dobosz I, Madej-Pilarczyk A, Marchel M, Sokołowska B, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I. Circulating tenascin-C levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in the course of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1533-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Kimura T, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Ikeda Y, Morikage N, Endo H, Hamano K, Imaizumi T, Hiroe M, Aonuma K, Matsuzaki M. Tenascin-C is expressed in abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue with an active degradation process. Pathol Int 2011; 61:559-64. [PMID: 21951663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease caused by segmental weakening of the aortic walls and progressive aortic dilation leading to the eventual rupture of the aorta. Currently no biomarkers have been established to indicate the disease status of AAA. Tenascin-C (TN-C) is a matricellular protein that is synthesized under pathological conditions. In the current study, we related TN-C expression to the clinical course and the histopathology of AAA to investigate whether the pattern of TN-C expression could indicate the status of AAA. We found that TN-C and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were highly expressed in human AAA. In individual human AAA TN-C deposition associated with the tissue destruction, overlapped mainly with the smooth muscle actin-positive cells, and showed a pattern distinct from macrophages and MMP-9. In the mouse model of AAA high TN-C expression was associated with rapid expansion of the AAA diameter. Histological analysis revealed that TN-C was produced mainly by vascular smooth muscle cells and was deposited in the medial layer of the aorta during tissue inflammation and excessive destructive activities. Our findings suggest that TN-C may be a useful biomarker for indicating the pathological status of smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells in AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Kimura
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tenascin C may regulate the recruitment of smooth muscle cells during coronary artery development. Differentiation 2011; 81:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Tenascin-C in chronic sclerosing sialadenitis. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 5:221-5. [PMID: 21559807 PMCID: PMC3173529 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in certain chronic inflammatory/sclerosing conditions. This study was undertaken to expand our understanding of the processes involved in fibrosis that occurs in chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (CSS) by investigating the distribution of tenascin-C. Fifteen specimens of CSS with varying degrees of fibrosis and five normal submandibular glands were retrospectively examined immunohistochemically for the distribution of TNC. Linear deposition of TNC was found around collecting ducts in normal glands and around collecting ducts without surrounding fibrotic tissue in CSS; percentage incidences were not statistically different. In contrast, broader, band-like deposition of TNC was found in the fibrous tissue around collecting ducts in CSS with widespread degree of fibrosis compared to little or no fibrosis; the percentage incidence was statistically different. In addition, deposition of TNC was found around duct-like structures and extremely atrophic acini but, interestingly, however, was not found in fibrotic interlobular septa. The results of this investigation suggest that TNC is likely involved in the fibrosis that occurs around collecting ducts in CSS.
Collapse
|
39
|
Franz M, Grün K, Richter P, Brehm BR, Fritzenwanger M, Hekmat K, Neri D, Gummert J, Figulla HR, Kosmehl H, Berndt A, Renner A. Extra cellular matrix remodelling after heterotopic rat heart transplantation: gene expression profiling and involvement of ED-A+ fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and B+ tenascin-C in chronic cardiac allograft rejection. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:503-17. [PMID: 20931338 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cardiac rejection is represented by cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and cardiac interstitial fibrosis (CIF) known to cause severe complications. These processes are accompanied by remarkable changes in the cardiac extra cellular matrix (cECM). The aim of our study was to analyse the cECM remodelling in chronic rejection and to elucidate a potential role of ED-A domain containing fibronectin (ED-A(+) Fn), alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and B domain containing tenascin-C (B(+) Tn-C). A model of chronic rejection after heterotopic rat heart transplantation was used. Allografts, recipient and control hearts were subjected to histological assessment of rejection grade, to real-time PCR based analysis of 84 genes of ECM and adhesion molecules and to immunofluorescence labelling procedures, including ED-A(+) Fn, ASMA and B(+) Tn-C antibodies. Histological analysis revealed different grades of chronic rejection. By gene expression analysis, a relevant up-regulation of the majority of ECM genes in association with chronic rejection could be shown. For 8 genes, there was a relevant up-regulation in allografts as well as in the corresponding recipient hearts. Association of ASMA positive cells with the grade of chronic rejection could be proven. In CAV and also in CIF there were extensive co-depositions of ED-A(+) Fn, ASMA and B(+) Tn-C. In conclusion, chronic cardiac allograft rejection is associated with a cECM remodelling. ASMA protein deposition in CAV, and CIF is a valuable marker to detect chronic rejection. Interactions of VSMCs and Fibro-/Myofibroblasts with ED-A(+) Fn and B(+) Tn-C might functionally contribute to the development of chronic cardiac rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chiao YA, Zamilpa R, Lopez EF, Dai Q, Escobar GP, Hakala K, Weintraub ST, Lindsey ML. In vivo matrix metalloproteinase-7 substrates identified in the left ventricle post-myocardial infarction using proteomics. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2649-57. [PMID: 20232908 DOI: 10.1021/pr100147r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) deletion has been shown to improve survival after myocardial infarction (MI). MMP-7 has a large array of in vitro substrates, but in vivo substrates for MMP-7 following MI have not been fully identified. Accordingly, we evaluated the infarct regions of wild-type (WT; n = 12) and MMP-7 null (null; n = 10) mice using a proteomic strategy. Seven days post-MI, infarct regions of the left ventricles were excised, homogenized, and protein extracts were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Of 13 spots that showed intensity differences between WT and null, the intensities of eight spots were higher and those of five spots were lower in the null group (p < 0.05). Fibronectin and tenascin-C, known in vitro substrates of MMP-7, were identified in spots that showed lower intensity in the null. Immunoblotting and in vitro cleavage assays confirmed reduced fibronectin and tenascin-C fragment generation in the null, and this effect was restored by exogenous administration of MMP-7. Lower levels of full-length peroxiredoxin-1 and -2 and higher levels of the full-length peroxiredoxin-3 were detected in the null group, suggesting MMP-7 deletion may also indirectly regulate protein levels through nonenzymatic mechanisms. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify fibronectin and tenascin-C as in vivo MMP-7 substrates in the infarcted left ventricle using a proteomic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cho CKJ, Smith CR, Diamandis EP. Amniotic Fluid Proteome Analysis from Down Syndrome Pregnancies for Biomarker Discovery. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3574-82. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Kyung J. Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Franz M, Brehm BR, Richter P, Gruen K, Neri D, Kosmehl H, Hekmat K, Renner A, Gummert J, Figulla HR, Berndt A. Changes in extra cellular matrix remodelling and re-expression of fibronectin and tenascin-C splicing variants in human myocardial tissue of the right atrial auricle: implications for a targeted therapy of cardiovascular diseases using human SIP format antibodies. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:39-50. [PMID: 20232238 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the re-expression of fibronectin and tenascin-C splicing variants. Using human recombinant small immunoprotein (SIP) format antibodies, a molecular targeting of these proteins is of therapeutic interest. Tissue samples of the right atrial auricle from patients with coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease were analysed by PCR based ECM gene expression profiling. Moreover, the re-expression of fibronectin and tenascin-C splicing variants was investigated by immunofluoerescence labelling. We demonstrated changes in ECM gene expression depending on histological damage or underlying cardiac disease. An increased expression of fibronectin and tenascin-C mRNA in association to histological damage and in valvular heart disease compared to coronary artery disease could be shown. There was a distinct re-expression of ED-A containing fibronectin and A1 domain containing tenascin-C detectable with human recombinant SIP format antibodies in diseased myocardium. ED-A containing fibronectin showed a clear vessel positivity. For A1 domain containing tenascin-C, there was a particular positivity in areas of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Right atrial myocardial tissue is a valuable model to investigate cardiac ECM remodelling. Human recombinant SIP format antibodies usable for an antibody-mediated targeted delivery of drugs might offer completely new therapeutic options in cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nishioka T, Onishi K, Shimojo N, Nagano Y, Matsusaka H, Ikeuchi M, Ide T, Tsutsui H, Hiroe M, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C may aggravate left ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1072-8. [PMID: 20081106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00255.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with high bioactivity. It is expressed at low levels in normal adult heart, but upregulated under pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Recently, we (Ref. 34) reported that MI patients with high serum levels of TN-C have a greater incidence of maladaptive cardiac remodeling and a worse prognosis. We hypothesized that TN-C may aggravate left ventricular remodeling. To examine the effects of TN-C, MI was induced by ligating coronary arteries of TN-C knockout (KO) mice under anesthesia and comparing them with sibling wild-type (WT) mice. In WT+MI mice, TN-C expression was upregulated at day 1, peaked at day 5, downregulated and disappeared by day 28, and the molecule was localized in the border zone between intact myocardium and infarct lesions. The morphometrically determined infarct size and survival rate on day 28 were comparable between the WT+MI and KO+MI groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic analyses demonstrated left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, myocardial stiffness, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to be significantly increased in both WT+MI and KO+MI mice compared with sham-operated mice. However, end-diastolic pressure and dimension and myocardial stiffness of KO+MI were lower than those of the WT+MI mice. Histological examination revealed normal tissue healing, but interstitial fibrosis in the residual myocardium in peri-infarcted areas was significantly less pronounced in KO+MI mice than in WT+MI mice. TN-C may thus accelerate adverse ventricular remodeling, cardiac failure, and fibrosis in the residual myocardium after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishioka
- Dept. of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arcelli D, Farina A, Cappuzzello C, Bresin A, De Sanctis P, Perolo A, Prandstraller D, Valentini D, Zucchini C, Priori S, Rizzo N. Identification of circulating placental mRNA in maternal blood of pregnancies affected with fetal congenital heart diseases at the second trimester of pregnancy: implications for early molecular screening. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:229-34. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
45
|
Franz M, Berndt A, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Fiedler N, Richter P, Schumm J, Fritzenwanger M, Figulla HR, Brehm BR. Serum levels of large tenascin-C variants, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in concentric versus eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:1057-62. [PMID: 19815660 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic hypertension may cause left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and tenascin-C (Tn-C) splice variants in concentric vs. eccentric left ventricular remodelling has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum levels of B or C domain containing Tn-C, MMP-9, TIMP-1, -2, and -4 were determined in concentric (left ventricular posterior wall thickness >13 mm and intraventricular septum >13 mm, n = 61) and eccentric (end-diastolic left ventricular diameter >55 mm or end-systolic left ventricular diameter >40 mm, n = 34) LVH by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Levels of B domain containing Tn-C were higher in patients with LVH than in normal volunteers (P = 0.020) and higher in eccentric LVH (EH) compared with concentric LVH (CH) (P = 0.003). A cut-off value of 900 ng/mL might discriminate between these different forms of LVH. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was higher in patients with LVH than in normal volunteers (P = 0.042), and levels were decreased in EH compared with CH (P = 0.028). Patients with LVH had higher levels of TIMP-1 (P = 0.059), TIMP-2 (P = 0.043), and TIMP-4 (P = 0.163) than normal volunteers, but there were no differences between the LVH groups. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that myocardial remodelling in LVH is associated with changes in serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, -2, -4, and Tn-C splice variants. In addition, B domain containing Tn-C discriminated EH from CH and might be suggested as a potential diagnostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital of Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ishii K, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Sugimura Y. Role of stromal tenascin-C in mouse prostatic development and epithelial cell differentiation. Dev Biol 2008; 324:310-9. [PMID: 18950615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of epithelial-stromal interactions is considered to play a critical role in the initiation and promotion of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa). Expression of tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is reportedly higher in BPH and PCa as compared with normal prostate. Remodeling of the ECM alters the homeostatic balance between epithelium and stroma, resulting in physiological changes in cellular functions. To investigate the role of TN-C in prostatic development and differentiation, we evaluated the morphological phenotype of TN-C knockout (KO) mouse prostate (ventral: VP, dorsolateral: DLP, and anterior: AP) and examined tissue recombinants composed of adult mouse DLP epithelium and fetal TN-C KO urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM). Histological analysis showed epithelial cell clusters protruding into the ductal lumens in TN-C KO AP and DLP. Interestingly, binucleated cells appeared in epithelium of TN-C KO DLP at 8 weeks. Simultaneously, androgen receptor (AR)-positive cells were decreased in TN-C KO epithelia. Similar to the TN-C KO phenotype, protruded epithelial clusters, binucleated cells, and AR-negative nuclei were induced in DLP epithelium by recombining with TN-C KO UGM. Our results suggest that stromal TN-C might be involved in maintaining epithelial cytodifferentiation, morphogenesis, and androgen receptor expression of normal prostate glands in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Ishii
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schenke-Layland K, Xie J, Angelis E, Starcher B, Wu K, Riemann I, MacLellan WR, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Increased degradation of extracellular matrix structures of lacrimal glands implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:53-66. [PMID: 17689946 PMCID: PMC2394184 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal glands (LGs) of male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice display many features of human LGs in patients afflicted with the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS), including the loss of secretory functions and a lymphocytic infiltration into the glands by 4 months of age. So far, research has mainly focused on the intracellular events that are involved in initiating LG dysfunction; however, the impact of SS on extracellular matrix (ECM) structures of the diseased LGs has not yet been determined. In this study we identified and compared LG ECM formation and integrity of age-matched male healthy (BALB/c) and diseased (NOD) mice. LG tissues were examined using routine histological, biochemical, immunohistochemical and gene expression analysis. Multiphoton imaging and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy permitted the non-invasive analysis of major LG ECM structures including collagen- and elastin-containing fibers. Biochemical testing demonstrated a significant loss of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and desmosine in NOD LGs when compared to healthy BALB/c LGs. Immunohistochemical staining and gene expression analysis confirmed this disease-related alteration of LG ECM structures. Furthermore, laser-induced autofluorescence and SHG microscopy revealed dramatic changes in the structural organization of most collagenous and elastic fibers of the diseased LG tissues that were more pronounced than those displayed by histological analysis. Our results clearly show an enhanced degradation of ECM proteins accompanied by the severe disorganization and deformation of ECM structures of diseased LG tissues. These new insights into the involvement of ECM degradation in SS may lead to novel therapies for patients suffering from dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schenke-Layland
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles/CA 90095-1760, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
In this review we discuss the major morphogenetic and regulative events that control myocardial progenitor cells from the time that they delaminate from the epiblast in the primitive streak to their differentiation into cardiomyocytes in the heart tube. During chick and mouse embryogenesis, myocardial progenitor cells go through four specific processes that are sequential but overlapping: specification of the cardiogenic mesoderm, determination of the bilaterally symmetric heart fields, patterning of the heart field, and finally cardiomyocyte differentiation and formation of the heart tube. We describe the morphological and molecular events that play a pivotal role in each of these four processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Abu-Issa
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27712, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zamora M, Männer J, Ruiz-Lozano P. Epicardium-derived progenitor cells require beta-catenin for coronary artery formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:18109-14. [PMID: 17989236 PMCID: PMC2084304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702415104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified several members of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway that are differentially expressed in a mouse model with deficient coronary vessel formation. Systemic ablation of beta-catenin expression affects mouse development at gastrulation with failure of both mesoderm development and axis formation. To circumvent this early embryonic lethality and study the specific role of beta-catenin in coronary arteriogenesis, we have generated conditional beta-catenin-deletion mutant animals in the proepicardium by interbreeding with a Cre-expressing mouse that targets coronary progenitor cells in the proepicardium and its derivatives. Ablation of beta-catenin in the proepicardium results in lethality between embryonic day 15 and birth. Mutant mice display impaired coronary artery formation, whereas the venous system and microvasculature are normal. Analysis of proepicardial beta-catenin mutant cells in the context of an epicardial tracer mouse reveals that the formation of the proepicardium, the migration of proepicardial cells to the heart, and the formation of the primitive epicardium are unaffected. However, subsequent processes of epicardial development are dramatically impaired in epicardial-beta-catenin mutant mice, including failed expansion of the subepicardial space, blunted invasion of the myocardium, and impaired differentiation of epicardium-derived mesenchymal cells into coronary smooth muscle cells. Our data demonstrate a functional role of the epicardial beta-catenin pathway in coronary arteriogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zamora
- Development and Aging Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hessel MHM, Bleeker GB, Bax JJ, Henneman MM, den Adel B, Klok M, Schalij MJ, Atsma DE, van der Laarse A. Reverse ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with a reduction in serum tenascin-C and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. Eur J Heart Fail 2007; 9:1058-63. [PMID: 17728181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In heart failure patients, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) leads to reverse ventricular remodelling. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate whether changes in levels of circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix metabolism correlate with the response to CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical parameters, left ventricular (LV) volumes, and circulating levels of tenascin-C (TNC), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and amino-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed in 64 patients at baseline and 6 months follow-up. The majority of patients (72%) showed a >10% reduction in LV end-systolic volume at follow-up, and were classified as responders to CRT. The remaining patients were classified as non-responders. In responders, a significant decrease in circulating levels of TNC (from 60+/-40 ng/mL to 47+/-30 ng/mL, p<0.01), MMP-9 (from 55+/-30 AU to 44+/-27 AU, p<0.01), and NT-proBNP (from 2106+/-1805 pg/mL to 1132+/-1289 pg/mL, p<0.001) were observed at follow-up; MMP-2 levels were unchanged. In non-responders TNC, NT-proBNP, MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION At 6 months follow-up, CRT was associated with reverse LV remodelling, and a significant decrease in TNC, MMP-9, and NT-proBNP levels. This suggests an important role of ECM modulation in the process of reverse ventricular remodelling in patients responding to CRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen H M Hessel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|