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Poletto M, Yang D, Fletcher SC, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Legrand AJ, Dianov GL. Modulation of proteostasis counteracts oxidative stress and affects DNA base excision repair capacity in ATM-deficient cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10042-10055. [PMID: 28973444 PMCID: PMC5622344 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a syndrome associated with loss of ATM protein function. Neurodegeneration and cancer predisposition, both hallmarks of A-T, are likely to emerge as a consequence of the persistent oxidative stress and DNA damage observed in this disease. Surprisingly however, despite these severe features, a lack of functional ATM is still compatible with early life, suggesting that adaptation mechanisms contributing to cell survival must be in place. Here we address this gap in our knowledge by analysing the process of human fibroblast adaptation to the lack of ATM. We identify profound rearrangement in cellular proteostasis occurring very early on after loss of ATM in order to counter protein damage originating from oxidative stress. Change in proteostasis, however, is not without repercussions. Modulating protein turnover in ATM-depleted cells also has an adverse effect on the DNA base excision repair pathway, the major DNA repair system that deals with oxidative DNA damage. As a consequence, the burden of unrepaired endogenous DNA lesions intensifies, progressively leading to genomic instability. Our study provides a glimpse at the cellular consequences of loss of ATM and highlights a previously overlooked role for proteostasis in maintaining cell survival in the absence of ATM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Poletto
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Di Yang
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Sally C. Fletcher
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX37FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX37FZ, UK
| | - Arnaud J. Legrand
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Grigory L. Dianov
- CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses. Biomolecules 2016; 6:2. [PMID: 26751489 PMCID: PMC4808796 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are a genetically diverse group of pathogens that are responsible for some of the most prevalent and lethal human diseases. Numerous viruses introduce DNA damage and genetic instability in host cells during their lifecycles and some species also manipulate components of the DNA damage response (DDR), a complex and sophisticated series of cellular pathways that have evolved to detect and repair DNA lesions. Activation and manipulation of the DDR by DNA viruses has been extensively studied. It is apparent, however, that many RNA viruses can also induce significant DNA damage, even in cases where viral replication takes place exclusively in the cytoplasm. DNA damage can contribute to the pathogenesis of RNA viruses through the triggering of apoptosis, stimulation of inflammatory immune responses and the introduction of deleterious mutations that can increase the risk of tumorigenesis. In addition, activation of DDR pathways can contribute positively to replication of viral RNA genomes. Elucidation of the interactions between RNA viruses and the DDR has provided important insights into modulation of host cell functions by these pathogens. This review summarises the current literature regarding activation and manipulation of the DDR by several medically important RNA viruses.
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Sharma NK, Lebedeva M, Thomas T, Kovalenko OA, Stumpf JD, Shadel GS, Santos JH. Intrinsic mitochondrial DNA repair defects in Ataxia Telangiectasia. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 13:22-31. [PMID: 24342190 PMCID: PMC6211587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is a progressive childhood disorder characterized most notably by cerebellar degeneration and predisposition to cancer. A-T is caused by mutations in the kinase ATM, a master regulator of the DNA double-strand break response. In addition to DNA-damage signaling defects, A-T cells display mitochondrial dysfunction that is thought to contribute to A-T pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in A-T remains unclear. Here, we show that lack of ATM leads to reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are associated to defective mtDNA repair. While protein levels of mtDNA repair proteins are essentially normal, in the absence of ATM levels specifically of DNA ligase III (Lig3), the only DNA ligase working in mitochondria is reduced. The reduction of Lig3 is observed in different A-T patient cells, in brain and pre-B cells derived from ATM knockout mice as well as upon transient or stable knockdown of ATM. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Lig3 in wild type cells phenocopies the mtDNA repair defects observed in A-T patient cells. As targeted deletion of LIG3 in the central nervous system causes debilitating ataxia in mice, reduced Lig3 protein levels and the consequent mtDNA repair defect may contribute to A-T neurodegeneration. A-T is thus the first disease characterized by diminished Lig3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of UMDNJ, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Sciences Building, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Maria Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 371, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Terace Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of UMDNJ, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Sciences Building, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Olga A Kovalenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of UMDNJ, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Sciences Building, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Stumpf
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Building 101, Durham, NC 27709, United States
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 371, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, BML 371, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Janine H Santos
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of UMDNJ, 185 South Orange Avenue, Medical Sciences Building, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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Castillo P, Bogliolo M, Surralles J. Coordinated action of the Fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia pathways in response to oxidative damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:518-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang YX, Guen V, Richard J, Cohen EA, Berthoux L. Cell context-dependent involvement of ATR in early stages of retroviral replication. Virology 2009; 396:272-9. [PMID: 19913868 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral DNA integration leaves behind a single-strand DNA discontinuity at each virus:host DNA junction. It has long been proposed that cellular proteins detect and repair the integrated DNA and that failure to do so might lead to apoptotic cell death, but their identity remains unknown. PIKK family members ATM, DNA-PKcs and ATR have all been proposed to be important for HIV-1 replication, but these findings turned out to be very controversial. In order to clarify their role in retroviral replication, we analyzed the effect of pharmacological inhibitors and of a dominant-negative version of ATR on the replication of retroviruses in cell lines relevant to HIV-1 infection. Our data show that ATR and probably other PIKKs as well are involved in retroviral replication in some but not all cell lines and that ATR increases the frequency of retroviral transduction by a mechanism other than the enhancement of infected cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Yang
- Laboratory of retrovirology, University of Québec, 3351 boulevard des Forges, CP500, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
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Sagan D, Müller R, Kröger C, Hematulin A, Mörtl S, Eckardt-Schupp F. The DNA repair protein NBS1 influences the base excision repair pathway. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:408-15. [PMID: 19126654 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NBS1 fulfills important functions for the maintenance of genomic stability and cellular survival. Mutations in the NBS1 (Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome 1) gene are responsible for the Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) in humans. The symptoms of this disease and the phenotypes of NBS1-defective cells, especially their enhanced radiosensitivity, can be explained by an impaired DNA double-strand break-induced signaling and a disturbed repair of these DNA lesions. We now provide evidence that NBS1 is also important for cellular survival after oxidative or alkylating stress where it is required for the proper initiation of base excision repair (BER). NBS1 downregulated cells show reduced activation of poly-(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1) following genotoxic treatment with H(2)O(2) or methyl methanesulfonate, indicating impaired processing of damaged bases by BER as PARP1 activity is stimulated by the single-strand breaks intermediately generated during this repair pathway. Furthermore, extracts of these cells have a decreased capacity for the in vitro repair of a double-stranded oligonucleotide containing either uracil or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine to trigger BER. Our data presented here highlight for the first time a functional role for NBS1 in DNA maintenance by the BER pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sagan
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Centre Munich-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Bishop AJ, Schiestl RH. Homologous recombination as a mechanism of carcinogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1471:M109-21. [PMID: 11250067 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(01)00018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer develops when cells no longer follow their normal pattern of controlled growth. In the absence or disregard of such regulation, resulting from changes in their genetic makeup, these errant cells acquire a growth advantage, expanding into pre-cancerous clones. Over the last decade many studies have revealed the relevance of genomic mutation in this process, be it by misreplication, environmental damage or a deficiency in repairing endogenous and exogenous damage. Here we discuss homologous recombination as another mechanism that can result in loss of heterozygosity or genetic rearrangements. Some of these genetic alterations may play a primary role in carcinogenesis, but they are more likely to be involved in secondary and subsequent steps of carcinogenesis by which recessive oncogenic mutations are revealed. Patients whose cells display an increased frequency of recombination also have an elevated frequency of cancer, further supporting the link between recombination and carcinogenesis. In addition, homologous recombination is induced by a wide variety of carcinogens, many of which are classically considered to be efficiently repaired by other repair pathways. Overall, homologous recombination is a process that has been widely overlooked but may be more central to the process of carcinogenesis than previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bishop
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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