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He L, Xu S, Cheng X, Huang H, Dai H, Wang X, Ding Z, Xu M, Gu H, Yan N, Wang C. Chloroplast genomes in seven Lagerstroemia species provide new insights into molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes. Front Genet 2024; 15:1378403. [PMID: 38628576 PMCID: PMC11019025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1378403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lagerstroemia indica is an important commercial tree known for the ornamental value. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lagerstroemia indica "Pink Velour" (Lagerstroemia "Pink Velour") was 152,174 bp in length with a GC content of 39.50%. It contained 85 protein coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNA genes. 207 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 31 codons with relative synonymous codon (RSCU)value > 1 were detected. Phylogenetic analysis divided 10 Lagerstroemia species into evolutionary branches of clade A and clade B. We conducted a comparative analysis of Lagerstroemia "Pink Velours" complete chloroplast genome with the genomes of six closely related Lagerstroemia species from different origins. The structural features of all seven species were similar, except for the deletion of ycf1 nucleobases at the JSA boundary. The large single-copy (LSC) and the small single-copy (SSC) had a higher sequence divergence than the IR region, and 8 genes that were highly divergent (trnK-UUU, petN, psbF, psbJ, ndhE, ndhD, ndhI, ycf1) had been identified and could be used as molecular markers in future studies. High nucleotide diversity was present in genes belonging to the photosynthesis category. Mutation of single nucleic acid was mainly influenced by codon usage. The value percentage of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) and synonymous substitutions (Ks) in 6 Lagerstroemia species revealed that more photosynthesis genes have Ka or Ks only in Lagerstroemia fauriei, Lagerstroemia limii, and Lagerstroemia subcostata. These advances will facilitate the breeding of closely related Lagerstroemia species and deepen understanding on climatic adaptation of Lagerstroemia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinnian Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Ding
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Gu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
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Puthiyaveetil S, McKenzie SD. Plant photosystem II assembly: TROL2 to the rescue. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1719-1721. [PMID: 37743626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Steven D McKenzie
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Shi W, Hu S, Song W, Huang Y, Shi C, Wang S. Uncovering the first complete chloroplast genomics, comparative analysis, and phylogenetic relationships of the medicinal plants Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus ( Rhamnaceae). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:855-869. [PMID: 37520808 PMCID: PMC10382440 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus are economically valuable medicinal plants from the Rhamnaceae family. However, their chloroplast genome structure, phylogenetic position, relationships, and evolution remain poorly understood. Herein, the complete chloroplast genome resources of R. cathartica and F. alnus have been added. The first comparative analysis of the Rhamnus and Frangula species based on complete chloroplast genomes was provided. The chloroplast genomes of R. cathartica and F. alnus exhibited a quadripartite structure, with total lengths of 161,149 bp and 161,255 bp, respectively. The lack of the infA and psbL genes does not negatively impact the normal functioning of Rhamnus and Frangula species. The rpl20 and rpl33 genes are undergoing rapid evolution. Rhamnus and Frangula species prefer amino acids with A/U-terminal codons. There were between 100 and 126 simple sequence repeats and between 38 and 100 long repeats. Several highly divergent intergenic regions (trnK-UUU-trnQ-UUG, atpH-atpI, trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC-trnfM-CAU, trnT-UGU-trnF-GAA, rpl20-rps12, and rpl22-rps19) and highly divergent genes (ycf3, ndhA, rpl32, and ycf1) were identified, which could serve as potential phylogenetic markers due to their variability. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among Rhamnus species and F. alnus using complete chloroplast genomes. There is no significant correlation between the medicinal value of the species analyzed and their phylogenetic relationships. These results provide valuable insights for understanding the phylogenetic relationship and evolution of Rhamnus and Frangula species. These findings could serve as a foundation for future studies on the Rhamnaceae. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01331-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
| | - Siqi Hu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
| | - Weicai Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
| | - Yahui Huang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204 China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042 China
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Li W, Guo J, Han X, Da X, Wang K, Zhao H, Huang ST, Li B, He H, Jiang R, Zhou S, Yan P, Chen T, He Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Wu Y, Shou H, Wu Z, Mao C, Mo X. A novel protein domain is important for photosystem II complex assembly and photoautotrophic growth in angiosperms. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:374-392. [PMID: 36566350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit protein complex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain that is vital to photosynthesis. Although the structure, composition, and function of PSII have been extensively studied, its biogenesis mechanism remains less understood. Thylakoid rhodanese-like (TROL) provides an anchor for leaf-type ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Here, we report the chacterizaton of a second type of TROL protein, TROL2, encoded by seed plant genomes whose function has not previously been reported. We show that TROL2 is a PSII assembly cofactor with essential roles in the establishment of photoautotrophy. TROL2 contains a 45-amino-acid domain, termed the chlorotic lethal seedling (CLS) domain, that is both necessary and sufficient for TROL2 function in PSII assembly and photoautotrophic growth. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that TROL2 may have arisen from ancestral TROL1 via gene duplication before the emergence of seed plants and acquired the CLS domain via evolution of the sequence encoding its N-terminal portion. We further reveal that TROL2 (or CLS) forms an assembly cofactor complex with the intrinsic thylakoid membrane protein LOW PSII ACCUMULATION2 and interacts with small PSII subunits to facilitate PSII complex assembly. Collectively, our study not only shows that TROL2 (CLS) is essential for photoautotrophy in angiosperms but also reveals its mechanistic role in PSII complex assembly, shedding light on the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of photosynthetic complex assemblyin angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiangfan Guo
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Xiaowen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Shi-Tang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Advances in the Understanding of the Lifecycle of Photosystem II. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050836. [PMID: 35630282 PMCID: PMC9145668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II is a light-driven water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase present in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It produces molecular oxygen and protons to drive ATP synthesis, fueling life on Earth. As a multi-subunit membrane-protein-pigment complex, Photosystem II undergoes a dynamic cycle of synthesis, damage, and repair known as the Photosystem II lifecycle, to maintain a high level of photosynthetic activity at the cellular level. Cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, are frequently used as model organisms to study oxygenic photosynthetic processes due to their ease of growth and genetic manipulation. The cyanobacterial PSII structure and function have been well-characterized, but its lifecycle is under active investigation. In this review, advances in studying the lifecycle of Photosystem II in cyanobacteria will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on new structural findings enabled by cryo-electron microscopy. These structural findings complement a rich and growing body of biochemical and molecular biology research into Photosystem II assembly and repair.
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Choo P, Forsman JA, Hui L, Khaing EP, Summerfield TC, Eaton-Rye JJ. The PsbJ protein is required for photosystem II activity in centers lacking the PsbO and PsbV lumenal subunits. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:103-111. [PMID: 34273062 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) of oxygenic photosynthesis is found in the thylakoid membranes of plastids and cyanobacteria. The mature PS II complex comprises a central core of four membrane proteins that bind the majority of the redox-active cofactors. In cyanobacteria the central core is surrounded by 13 low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits which each consist of one or two transmembrane helices. Three additional hydrophilic subunits known as PsbO, PsbU and PsbV are found associated with hydrophilic loops belonging to the core proteins protruding into the thylakoid lumen. During biogenesis the majority of the LMW subunits are known to initially associate with individual pre-assembly complexes consisting of one or more of the core proteins; however, the point at which the PsbJ LMW subunit binds to PS II is not known. The majority of models for PS II biogenesis propose that the three extrinsic proteins and PsbJ bind in the final stages of PS II assembly. We have investigated the impact of creating the double mutants ∆PsbJ:∆PsbO, ∆PsbJ:∆PsbU and ∆PsbJ:∆PsbV to investigate potential cooperation between these subunits in the final stages of biogenesis. Our results indicate that PsbJ can bind to PS II in the absence of any one of the extrinsic proteins. However, unlike their respective single mutants, the ∆PsbJ:∆PsbO and ∆PsbJ:∆PsbV strains were not photoautotrophic and were unable to support oxygen evolution suggesting a functional oxygen-evolving complex could not assemble in these strains. In contrast, the PS II centers formed in the ∆PsbJ:∆PsbU strain were capable of photoautotrophic growth and could support oxygen evolution when whole-chain electron transport was supported by the addition of bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jack A Forsman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ei Phyo Khaing
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Na 2CO 3-responsive Photosynthetic and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms in Chloroplasts of Alkaligrass Revealed by Phosphoproteomics. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:271-288. [PMID: 32683046 PMCID: PMC7801222 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkali-salinity exerts severe osmotic, ionic, and high-pH stresses to plants. To understand the alkali-salinity responsive mechanisms underlying photosynthetic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, physiological and diverse quantitative proteomics analyses of alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) under Na2CO3 stress were conducted. In addition, Western blot, real-time PCR, and transgenic techniques were applied to validate the proteomic results and test the functions of the Na2CO3-responsive proteins. A total of 104 and 102 Na2CO3-responsive proteins were identified in leaves and chloroplasts, respectively. In addition, 84 Na2CO3-responsive phosphoproteins were identified, including 56 new phosphorylation sites in 56 phosphoproteins from chloroplasts, which are crucial for the regulation of photosynthesis, ion transport, signal transduction, and energy homeostasis. A full-length PtFBA encoding an alkaligrass chloroplastic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was overexpressed in wild-type cells of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803, leading to enhanced Na2CO3 tolerance. All these results indicate that thermal dissipation, state transition, cyclic electron transport, photorespiration, repair of photosystem (PS) II, PSI activity, and ROS homeostasis were altered in response to Na2CO3 stress, which help to improve our understanding of the Na2CO3-responsive mechanisms in halophytes.
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Zhu X, Pan Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhong D, Duan Z, Tian Z, Zhu B, Zhou G. Mutation of YL Results in a Yellow Leaf with Chloroplast RNA Editing Defect in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4275. [PMID: 32560081 PMCID: PMC7348699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing plays a key role in organelle gene expression. Little is known about how RNA editing factors influence soybean plant development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a soybean yl (yellow leaf) mutant. The yl plants showed decreased chlorophyll accumulation, lower PS II activity, an impaired net photosynthesis rate, and an altered chloroplast ultrastructure. Fine mapping of YL uncovered a point mutation in Glyma.20G187000, which encodes a chloroplast-localized protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ORRM1. YL is mainly expressed in trifoliate leaves, and its deficiency affects the editing of multiple chloroplast RNA sites, leading to inferior photosynthesis in soybean. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of the soybean YL protein in chloroplast RNA editing and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yucheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Deyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- Agricultural Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
| | - Guoan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (Y.P.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Z.); (Z.D.); (Z.T.)
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Structural and Functional Heat Stress Responses of Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060650. [PMID: 32545654 PMCID: PMC7349189 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature elevations constitute a major threat to plant performance. In recent years, much was learned about the general molecular mode of heat stress reaction of plants. The current research focuses on the integration of the knowledge into more global networks, including the reactions of cellular compartments. For instance, chloroplast function is central for plant growth and survival, and the performance of chloroplasts is tightly linked to the general status of the cell and vice versa. We examined the changes in photosynthesis, chloroplast morphology and proteomic composition posed in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts after a single or repetitive heat stress treatment over a period of two weeks. We observed that the acclimation is potent in the case of repetitive application of heat stress, while a single stress results in lasting alterations. Moreover, the physiological capacity and its adjustment are dependent on the efficiency of the protein translocation process as judged from the analysis of mutants of the two receptor units of the chloroplast translocon, TOC64, and TOC33. In response to repetitive heat stress, plants without TOC33 accumulate Hsp70 proteins and plants without TOC64 have a higher content of proteins involved in thylakoid structure determination when compared to wild-type plants.
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Fagerlund RD, Forsman JA, Biswas S, Vass I, Davies FK, Summerfield TC, Eaton-Rye JJ. Stabilization of Photosystem II by the PsbT protein impacts photodamage, repair and biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148234. [PMID: 32485158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) catalyzes the light-driven process of water splitting in oxygenic photosynthesis. Four core membrane-spanning proteins, including D1 that binds the majority of the redox-active co-factors, are surrounded by 13 low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins. We previously observed that deletion of the LMW PsbT protein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slowed electron transfer between the primary and secondary plastoquinone electron acceptors QA and QB and increased the susceptibility of PS II to photodamage. Here we show that photodamaged ∆PsbT cells exhibit unimpaired rates of oxygen evolution if electron transport is supported by HCO3- even though the cells exhibit negligible variable fluorescence. We find that the protein environment in the vicinity of QA and QB is altered upon removal of PsbT resulting in inhibition of QA- oxidation in the presence of 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, an artificial PS II-specific electron acceptor. Thermoluminescence measurements revealed an increase in charge recombination between the S2 oxidation state of the water-oxidizing complex and QA- by the indirect radiative pathway in ∆PsbT cells and this is accompanied by increased 1O2 production. At the protein level, both D1 removal and replacement, as well as PS II biogenesis, were accelerated in the ∆PsbT strain. Our results demonstrate that PsbT plays a key role in optimizing the electron acceptor complex of the acceptor side of PS II and support the view that repair and biogenesis of PS II share an assembly pathway that incorporates both de novo synthesis and recycling of the assembly modules associated with the core membrane-spanning proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Fagerlund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jack A Forsman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sandeep Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fiona K Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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11
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Transcriptomic analysis of hydrogen photoproduction in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under nitrogen deprivation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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A thylakoid membrane-bound and redox-active rubredoxin (RBD1) functions in de novo assembly and repair of photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16631-16640. [PMID: 31358635 PMCID: PMC6697814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903314116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water in photosynthesis, supplying energy and oxygen to many life-forms on earth. During PSII assembly and repair, PSII intermediate complexes are prone to photooxidative damage, requiring mechanisms to minimize this damage. Here, we report the functional characterization of RBD1, a PSII assembly factor that interacts with PSII intermediate complexes to ensure their functional assembly and repair. We propose that the redox activity of RBD1 participates together with the cytochrome b559 to protect PSII from photooxidation. This work not only improves our understanding of cellular protection mechanisms for the vital PSII complex but also informs genetic engineering strategies for protection of PSII repair to increase agricultural productivity. Photosystem II (PSII) undergoes frequent photooxidative damage that, if not repaired, impairs photosynthetic activity and growth. How photosynthetic organisms protect vulnerable PSII intermediate complexes during de novo assembly and repair remains poorly understood. Here, we report the genetic and biochemical characterization of chloroplast-located rubredoxin 1 (RBD1), a PSII assembly factor containing a redox-active rubredoxin domain and a single C-terminal transmembrane α-helix (TMH) domain. RBD1 is an integral thylakoid membrane protein that is enriched in stroma lamellae fractions with the rubredoxin domain exposed on the stromal side. RBD1 also interacts with PSII intermediate complexes containing cytochrome b559. Complementation of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (hereafter Chlamydomonas) RBD1-deficient 2pac mutant with constructs encoding RBD1 protein truncations and site-directed mutations demonstrated that the TMH domain is essential for de novo PSII assembly, whereas the rubredoxin domain is involved in PSII repair. The rubredoxin domain exhibits a redox midpoint potential of +114 mV and is proficient in 1-electron transfers to a surrogate cytochrome c in vitro. Reduction of oxidized RBD1 is NADPH dependent and can be mediated by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) in vitro. We propose that RBD1 participates, together with the cytochrome b559, in the protection of PSII intermediate complexes from photooxidative damage during de novo assembly and repair. This role of RBD1 is consistent with its evolutionary conservation among photosynthetic organisms and the fact that it is essential in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Peng X, Deng X, Tang X, Tan T, Zhang D, Liu B, Lin H. Involvement of Lhcb6 and Lhcb5 in Photosynthesis Regulation in Physcomitrella patens Response to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153665. [PMID: 31357454 PMCID: PMC6695650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of highly conserved photosystem II light-harvesting antenna proteins in moss whose functions are unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of chlorophyll-binding proteins, Lhcb6 and Lhcb5, in light-harvesting and photosynthesis regulation in Physcomitrella patens. Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 knock-out resulted in a disordered thylakoid arrangement, a decrease in the number of grana membranes, and an increase in the number of starch granule. The absence of Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 did not noticeably alter the electron transport rates. However, the non-photochemical quenching activity in the lhcb5 mutant was dramatically reduced when compared to wild-type or lhcb6 plants under abiotic stress. Lhcb5 plants were more sensitive to photo-inhibition, while lhcb6 plants showed little difference compared to the wild-type plants under high-light stress. Moreover, both mutants showed a growth malformation phenotype with reduced chlorophyll content in the gametophyte. These results suggested that Lhcb6 or Lhcb5 played a unique role in plant development, thylakoid organization, and photoprotection of PSII in Physcomitrella, especially when exposed to high light or osmotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingji Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tinghong Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Williams-Carrier R, Brewster C, Belcher SE, Rojas M, Chotewutmontri P, Ljungdahl S, Barkan A. The Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat protein LPE1 and its maize ortholog are required for translation of the chloroplast psbJ RNA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:56-66. [PMID: 30844105 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The expression of chloroplast genes relies on a host of nucleus-encoded proteins. Identification of such proteins and elucidation of their functions are ongoing challenges. We used ribosome profiling to revisit the function of the pentatricopeptide repeat protein LPE1, reported to stimulate translation of the chloroplast psbA mRNA in Arabidopsis. Mutation of the maize LPE1 ortholog causes a photosystem II (PSII) deficiency and a defect in translation of the chloroplast psbJ open reading frame (ORF) but has no effect on psbA expression. To reflect this function, we named the maize LPE1 ortholog Translation of psbJ 1 (TPJ1). Arabidopsis lpe1 mutants likewise exhibit a loss of psbJ translation, and have, in addition, a decrease in psbN translation. We detected a small decrease in ribosome occupancy on the psbA mRNA in Arabidopsis lpe1 mutants, but ribosome profiling analyses of other PSII mutants (hcf107 and hcf173) in conjunction with in vitro RNA binding data strongly suggest that this is a secondary effect of their PSII deficiency. We conclude that maize TPJ1 promotes PSII synthesis by activating translation of the psbJ ORF, that this function is conserved in Arabidopsis LPE1, and that an additional role for LPE1 in psbN translation contributes to the PSII deficiency in lpe1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn Brewster
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Susan E Belcher
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Margarita Rojas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Sonja Ljungdahl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Smythers AL, Garmany A, Perry NL, Higginbotham EL, Adkins PE, Kolling DRJ. Characterizing the effect of Poast on Chlorella vulgaris, a non-target organism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:704-712. [PMID: 30557727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides may cause unexpected damage to non-target organisms as it is challenging to predict undesirable biotic interactions. Poast is a widely used herbicide formulation that contains sethoxydim and targets the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of perennial grasses. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular green microalga, was exposed to a 0.08% working concentration of Poast and the physiological and biochemical changes that took place were monitored using biochemical assays, fluorometry, oximetry, and immunoblotting. Within 15 min, severe photosynthetic damage was observed through a reduction in oxygen production and a reduced rate of electron transfer beyond photosystem II. In addition to direct damage to the photosynthetic machinery, it was shown that cells experienced membrane fragmentation. Within 30 min, over 90% of the exposed cells were nonviable. However, sethoxydim, the active ingredient, did not cause detrimental effects when applied along with mineral spirits, the primary solvent of the formulation. A synergistic or additive effect between sethoxydim and the formulation components cannot be ruled out. This data suggests that Poast has the potential to cause severe harm to unicellular phototrophs in the case of herbicide over application or runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Smythers
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Armin Garmany
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Nicole L Perry
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Ethan L Higginbotham
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - P Ethan Adkins
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Derrick R J Kolling
- Marshall University Department of Chemistry, One John Marshall Dr., Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Tiruveedula GSS, Wangikar PP. Gene essentiality, conservation index and co-evolution of genes in cyanobacteria. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178565. [PMID: 28594867 PMCID: PMC5464585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, dominate the earth with ~ 1015 g wet biomass. Despite diversity in habitats and an ancient origin, cyanobacterial phylum has retained a significant core genome. Cyanobacteria are being explored for direct conversion of solar energy and carbon dioxide into biofuels. For this, efficient cyanobacterial strains will need to be designed via metabolic engineering. This will require identification of target knockouts to channelize the flow of carbon toward the product of interest while minimizing deletions of essential genes. We propose "Gene Conservation Index" (GCI) as a quick measure to predict gene essentiality in cyanobacteria. GCI is based on phylogenetic profile of a gene constructed with a reduced dataset of cyanobacterial genomes. GCI is the percentage of organism clusters in which the query gene is present in the reduced dataset. Of the 750 genes deemed to be essential in the experimental study on S. elongatus PCC 7942, we found 494 to be conserved across the phylum which largely comprise of the essential metabolic pathways. On the contrary, the conserved but non-essential genes broadly comprise of genes required under stress conditions. Exceptions to this rule include genes such as the glycogen synthesis and degradation enzymes, deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (DERA), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (zwf) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase class1, which are conserved but non-essential. While the essential genes are to be avoided during gene knockout studies as potentially lethal deletions, the non-essential but conserved set of genes could be interesting targets for metabolic engineering. Further, we identify clusters of co-evolving genes (CCG), which provide insights that may be useful in annotation. Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of the CCGs are demonstrated as data visualization tools that are complementary to the conventional heatmaps. Our dataset consists of phylogenetic profiles for 23,643 non-redundant cyanobacterial genes. We believe that the data and the analysis presented here will be a great resource to the scientific community interested in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Siva Sai Tiruveedula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod P. Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Michoux F, Ahmad N, Wei ZY, Belgio E, Ruban AV, Nixon PJ. Testing the Role of the N-Terminal Tail of D1 in the Maintenance of Photosystem II in Tobacco Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:844. [PMID: 27446098 PMCID: PMC4914591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A key step in the repair of photoinactivated oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complexes is the selective recognition and degradation of the damaged PSII subunit, usually the D1 reaction center subunit. FtsH proteases play a major role in D1 degradation in both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. In the case of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, analysis of an N-terminal truncation mutant of D1 lacking 20 amino-acid residues has provided evidence that FtsH complexes can remove damaged D1 in a processive reaction initiated at the exposed N-terminal tail. To test the importance of the N-terminal D1 tail in higher plants, we have constructed the equivalent truncation mutant in tobacco using chloroplast transformation techniques. The resulting mutant grew poorly and only accumulated about 25% of wild-type levels of PSII in young leaves which declined as the leaves grew so that there was little PSII activity in mature leaves. Truncating D1 led to the loss of PSII supercomplexes and dimeric complexes in the membrane. Extensive and rapid non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was still induced in the mutant, supporting the conclusion that PSII complexes are not required for NPQ. Analysis of leaves exposed to high light indicated that PSII repair in the truncation mutant was impaired at the level of synthesis and/or assembly of PSII but that D1 could still be degraded. These data support the idea that tobacco plants possess a number of back-up and compensatory pathways for removal of damaged D1 upon severe light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Michoux
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Zheng-Yi Wei
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Erica Belgio
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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Cho EJ, Choi SH, Kim JH, Kim JE, Lee MH, Chung BY, Woo HR, Kim JH. A Mutation in Plant-Specific SWI2/SNF2-Like Chromatin-Remodeling Proteins, DRD1 and DDM1, Delays Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146826. [PMID: 26752684 PMCID: PMC4709239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a finely regulated complex process; however, evidence for the involvement of epigenetic processes in the regulation of leaf senescence is still fragmentary. Therefore, we chose to examine the functions of DRD1, a SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling protein, in epigenetic regulation of leaf senescence, particularly because drd1-6 mutants exhibited a delayed leaf senescence phenotype. Photosynthetic parameters such as Fv/Fm and ETRmax were decreased in WT leaves compared to leaves of drd1-6 mutants after dark treatment. The WT leaves remarkably lost more chlorophyll and protein content during dark-induced senescence (DIS) than the drd1-6 leaves did. The induction of senescence-associated genes was noticeably inhibited in the drd1-6 mutant after 5-d of DIS. We compared changes in epigenetic regulation during DIS via quantitative expression analysis of 180-bp centromeric (CEN) and transcriptionally silent information (TSI) repeats. Their expression levels significantly increased in both the WT and the drd1-6 mutant, but did much less in the latter. Moreover, the delayed leaf senescence was observed in ddm1-2 mutants as well as the drd1-6, but not in drd1-p mutants. These data suggest that SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling proteins such as DRD1 and DDM1 may influence leaf senescence possibly via epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Cho
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy ResearchInstitute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Yang S, Wang F, Guo F, Meng JJ, Li XG, Wan SB. Calcium contributes to photoprotection and repair of photosystem II in peanut leaves during heat and high irradiance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:486-495. [PMID: 25103557 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous calcium nitrate on photoinhibition and thylakoid protein level in peanut plants under heat (40°C) and high irradiance (HI) (1,200 µmol/m(2) per s) stress. Compared with control seedlings (cultivated in 0 mmol/L Ca(NO3 )2 medium), the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in Ca(2+) -treated plants showed a slight decrease after 5 h stress, accompanied by lower degree of PSII closure (1-qP), higher non-photochemical quenching, and lower level of membrane damage. Ca(2+) inhibitors were used to analyze the varieties of antioxidant enzymes activity and PSII proteins. These results indicated that Ca(2+) could protect the subunits of PSII reaction centers from photoinhibition by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species. In the presence of both ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-tetraacetic acid and ascorbic acid (AsA), the net degradation of the damaged D1 protein was faster than that only treated with AsA. Our previous study showed that either the transcriptional or the translational level of calmodulin was obviously higher in Ca(2+) -treated plants. These results suggested that, under heat and HI stress, the Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway can alleviate the photoinhibition through regulating the protein repair process besides an enhanced capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
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Grieco M, Suorsa M, Jajoo A, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Light-harvesting II antenna trimers connect energetically the entire photosynthetic machinery - including both photosystems II and I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:607-19. [PMID: 25843550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In plant chloroplasts, the two photosystems (PSII and PSI) are enriched in different thylakoid domains and, according to the established view, are regarded as energetically segregated from each other. A specific fraction of the light harvesting complex II (LHCII) has been postulated to get phosphorylated by the STN7 kinase and subsequently to migrate from PSII to PSI as part of a process called 'state transition'. Nevertheless, the thylakoid membrane incorporates a large excess of LHCII not present in the isolatable PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCII complexes. Moreover, LHCII phosphorylation is not limited to a specific LHCII pool and "state 2" condition, but is found in all thylakoid domains in any constant light condition. Here, using a targeted solubilization of pigment-protein complexes from different thylakoid domains, we demonstrate that even a minor detachment of LHCII leads to markedly increased fluorescence emission from LHCII and PSII both in grana core and non-appressed thylakoid membranes and the effect of the detergent to detach LHCII is enhanced in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation. These findings provide evidence that PSII and PSI are energy traps embedded in the same energetically connected LHCII lake. In the lake, PSI and LHCII are energetically connected even in the absence of LHCII phosphorylation, yet the phosphorylation enhances the interaction required for efficient energy transfer to PSI in the grana margin regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Suorsa
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, MP, India
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Betterle N, Ballottari M, Baginsky S, Bassi R. High light-dependent phosphorylation of photosystem II inner antenna CP29 in monocots is STN7 independent and enhances nonphotochemical quenching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:457-71. [PMID: 25501945 PMCID: PMC4326754 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the photosystem II antenna protein CP29 has been reported to be induced by excess light and further enhanced by low temperature, increasing resistance to these stressing factors. Moreover, high light-induced CP29 phosphorylation was specifically found in monocots, both C3 and C4, which include the large majority of food crops. Recently, knockout collections have become available in rice (Oryza sativa), a model organism for monocots. In this work, we have used reverse genetics coupled to biochemical and physiological analysis to elucidate the molecular basis of high light-induced phosphorylation of CP29 and the mechanisms by which it exerts a photoprotective effect. We found that kinases and phosphatases involved in CP29 phosphorylation are distinct from those reported to act in State 1-State 2 transitions. In addition, we elucidated the photoprotective role of CP29 phosphorylation in reducing singlet oxygen production and enhancing excess energy dissipation. We thus established, in monocots, a mechanistic connection between phosphorylation of CP29 and nonphotochemical quenching, two processes so far considered independent from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Betterle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (N.B., M.B., R.B.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (S.B.)
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Photosystem II repair in plant chloroplasts--Regulation, assisting proteins and shared components with photosystem II biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:900-9. [PMID: 25615587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem (PS) II is a multisubunit thylakoid membrane pigment-protein complex responsible for light-driven oxidation of water and reduction of plastoquinone. Currently more than 40 proteins are known to associate with PSII, either stably or transiently. The inherent feature of the PSII complex is its vulnerability in light, with the damage mainly targeted to one of its core proteins, the D1 protein. The repair of the damaged D1 protein, i.e. the repair cycle of PSII, initiates in the grana stacks where the damage generally takes place, but subsequently continues in non-appressed thylakoid domains, where many steps are common for both the repair and de novo assembly of PSII. The sequence of the (re)assembly steps of genuine PSII subunits is relatively well-characterized in higher plants. A number of novel findings have shed light into the regulation mechanisms of lateral migration of PSII subcomplexes and the repair as well as the (re)assembly of the complex. Besides the utmost importance of the PSII repair cycle for the maintenance of PSII functionality, recent research has pointed out that the maintenance of PSI is closely dependent on regulation of the PSII repair cycle. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of the repair cycle of PSII in higher plant chloroplasts. Particular emphasis is paid on sequential assembly steps of PSII and the function of the number of PSII auxiliary proteins involved both in the biogenesis and repair of PSII. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Chu HA, Chiu YF. The Roles of Cytochrome b 559 in Assembly and Photoprotection of Photosystem II Revealed by Site-Directed Mutagenesis Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1261. [PMID: 26793230 PMCID: PMC4709441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 559 (Cyt b 559) is one of the essential components of the Photosystem II reaction center (PSII). Despite recent accomplishments in understanding the structure and function of PSII, the exact physiological function of Cyt b 559 remains unclear. Cyt b 559 is not involved in the primary electron transfer pathway in PSII but may participate in secondary electron transfer pathways that protect PSII against photoinhibition. Site-directed mutagenesis studies combined with spectroscopic and functional analysis have been used to characterize Cyt b 559 mutant strains and their mutant PSII complex in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. These integrated studies have provided important in vivo evidence for possible physiological roles of Cyt b 559 in the assembly and stability of PSII, protecting PSII against photoinhibition, and modulating photosynthetic light harvesting. This mini-review presents an overview of recent important progress in site-directed mutagenesis studies of Cyt b 559 and implications for revealing the physiological functions of Cyt b 559 in PSII.
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Haniewicz P, Floris D, Farci D, Kirkpatrick J, Loi MC, Büchel C, Bochtler M, Piano D. Isolation of Plant Photosystem II Complexes by Fractional Solubilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26697050 DOI: 10.3389/fols.2015.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) occurs in different forms and supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes. Using a transplastomic strain of Nicotiana tabacum histidine tagged on the subunit PsbE, we have previously shown that a mild extraction protocol with β-dodecylmaltoside enriches PSII characteristic of lamellae and grana margins. Here, we characterize residual granal PSII that is not extracted by this first solubilization step. Using affinity purification, we demonstrate that this PSII fraction consists of PSII-LHCII mega- and supercomplexes, PSII dimers, and PSII monomers, which were separated by gel filtration and functionally characterized. Our findings represent an alternative demonstration of different PSII populations in thylakoid membranes, and they make it possible to prepare PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Haniewicz
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Floris
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria C Loi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland ; Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland ; Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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Haniewicz P, Floris D, Farci D, Kirkpatrick J, Loi MC, Büchel C, Bochtler M, Piano D. Isolation of Plant Photosystem II Complexes by Fractional Solubilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1100. [PMID: 26697050 PMCID: PMC4674563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) occurs in different forms and supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes. Using a transplastomic strain of Nicotiana tabacum histidine tagged on the subunit PsbE, we have previously shown that a mild extraction protocol with β-dodecylmaltoside enriches PSII characteristic of lamellae and grana margins. Here, we characterize residual granal PSII that is not extracted by this first solubilization step. Using affinity purification, we demonstrate that this PSII fraction consists of PSII-LHCII mega- and supercomplexes, PSII dimers, and PSII monomers, which were separated by gel filtration and functionally characterized. Our findings represent an alternative demonstration of different PSII populations in thylakoid membranes, and they make it possible to prepare PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Haniewicz
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Davide Floris
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria C. Loi
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsWarsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Dario Piano,
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Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis RCI2A gene contributes to cold tolerance in tomato. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:237-51. [PMID: 25260337 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold is a major stress that limits the quality and productivity of economically important crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Generating a cold-stress-tolerant tomato by expressing cold-inducible genes would increase agricultural strategies. Rare cold-inducible 2a (RCI2A) is expressed in Arabidopsis, but its molecular function during cold stress is not fully understood. Here we ectopically expressed Arabidopsis RCI2A in transgenic tomato to evaluate tolerance to cold stress without altering agronomic traits. Biochemical and physiological study demonstrated that expression of RCI2A in transgenic tomato enhanced the activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and reduced the accumulation of H2O2, alleviated lipid peroxidation, increased the accumulation of chlorophyll, reduced chilling-induced membrane damage, retained relative water content and enhanced cold tolerance. A motif search revealed that the motifs of photosystem II (PSII) phosphoproteins PsbJ and PsbH and reaction-center proteins PsbL and PsbK were common to cold-inducible RCI2A and peroxidase proteins RCI3A, tomato peroxidase (TPX1), TPX2, tomato ascorbate peroxidase (APX1), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP-c). In addition to membrane protection, RCI2A may cross talk with PSII-associated proteins or peroxidase family enzymes in response to cold stress. Our findings may strengthen the understanding of the molecular function of RCI2A in cold-stress tolerance. RCI2A could be used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in agronomic crops.
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The importance of the hydrophilic region of PsbL for the plastoquinone electron acceptor complex of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1435-46. [PMID: 24576450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The PsbL protein is a 4.5kDa subunit at the monomer-monomer interface of Photosystem II (PS II) consisting of a single membrane-spanning domain and a hydrophilic stretch of ~15 residues facing the cytosolic (or stromal) side of the photosystem. Deletion of conserved residues in the N-terminal region has been used to investigate the importance of this hydrophilic extension. Using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, three deletion strains: ∆(N6-N8), ∆(P11-V12) and ∆(E13-N15), have been created. The ∆(N6-N8) and ∆(P11-V12) strains remained photoautotrophic but were more susceptible to photodamage than the wild type; however, the ∆(E13-N15) cells had the most severe phenotype. The Δ(E13-N15) mutant showed decreased photoautotrophic growth, a reduced number of PS II centers, impaired oxygen evolution in the presence of PS II-specific electron acceptors, and was highly susceptible to photodamage. The decay kinetics of chlorophyll a variable fluorescence after a single turnover saturating flash and the sensitivity to low concentrations of PS II-directed herbicides in the Δ(E13-N15) strain indicate that the binding of plastoquinone to the QB-binding site had been altered such that the affinity of QB is reduced. In addition, the PS II-specific electron acceptor 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone was found to inhibit electron transfer through the quinone-acceptor complex of the ∆(E13-N15) strain. The PsbL Y20A mutant was also investigated and it exhibited increased susceptibility to photodamage and increased herbicide sensitivity. Our data suggest that the N-terminal hydrophilic region of PsbL influences forward electron transfer from QA through indirect interactions with the D-E loop of the D1 reaction center protein. Our results further indicate that disruption of interactions between the N-terminal region of PsbL and other PS II subunits or lipids destabilizes PS II dimer formation. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
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Jajoo A, Mekala NR, Tongra T, Tiwari A, Grieco M, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Low pH-induced regulation of excitation energy between the two photosystems. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:970-4. [PMID: 24530686 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have proposed that low pH causes state transitions in spinach thylakoid membranes. Several Arabidopsis mutants (stn7 incapable in phosphorylation of LHC II, stn8 incapable in phosphorylation of PSII core proteins, stn7 stn8 double mutant and npq4 lacking PsbS and hence qE) were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in low pH induced changes in the thylakoid membrane. We propose that protonation of PsbS at low pH is involved in enhancing energy spillover to PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India.
| | - Nageswara Rao Mekala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Teena Tongra
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India
| | - Arjun Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Tikkanen M, Mekala NR, Aro EM. Photosystem II photoinhibition-repair cycle protects Photosystem I from irreversible damage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:210-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kong F, Deng Y, Zhou B, Wang G, Wang Y, Meng Q. A chloroplast-targeted DnaJ protein contributes to maintenance of photosystem II under chilling stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:143-58. [PMID: 24227338 PMCID: PMC3883286 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
DnaJ proteins act as essential molecular chaperones in protein homeostasis and protein complex stabilization under stress conditions. The roles of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) chloroplast-targeted DnaJ protein (LeCDJ1), whose expression was upregulated by treatment at 4 and 42 °C, and with high light, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, and H2O2, were investigated here using sense and antisense transgenic tomatoes. The sense plants exhibited not only higher chlorophyll content, fresh weight and net photosynthetic rate, but also lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species and membrane damage under chilling stress. Moreover, the maximal photochemistry efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F v/F m) and D1 protein content were higher in the sense plants and lower in the antisense plants, and the photoinhibitory quenching was lower in the sense plants and higher in the antisense plants, suggesting that the inhibition of PSII was less severe in the sense plants and more severe in the antisense plants compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the PSII protein complexes were also more stable in the sense plants. Interestingly, the sense plants treated with streptomycin (SM), an inhibitor of organellar translation, still showed higher F v/F m, D1 protein content and PSII stability than the SM-untreated antisense plants. This finding suggested that the protective effect of LeCDJ1 on PSII was, at least partially, independent of D1 protein synthesis. Furthermore, chloroplast heat-shock protein 70 was identified as the partner of LeCDJ1. These results indicate that LeCDJ1 has essential functions in maintaining PSII under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingwei Meng
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Suorsa M, Rantala M, Danielsson R, Järvi S, Paakkarinen V, Schröder WP, Styring S, Mamedov F, Aro EM. Dark-adapted spinach thylakoid protein heterogeneity offers insights into the photosystem II repair cycle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:1463-71. [PMID: 24296034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, thylakoid membrane protein complexes show lateral heterogeneity in their distribution: photosystem (PS) II complexes are mostly located in grana stacks, whereas PSI and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase are mostly found in the stroma-exposed thylakoids. However, recent research has revealed strong dynamics in distribution of photosystems and their light harvesting antenna along the thylakoid membrane. Here, the dark-adapted spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) thylakoid network was mechanically fragmented and the composition of distinct PSII-related proteins in various thylakoid subdomains was analyzed in order to get more insights into the composition and localization of various PSII subcomplexes and auxiliary proteins during the PSII repair cycle. Most of the PSII subunits followed rather equal distribution with roughly 70% of the proteins located collectively in the grana thylakoids and grana margins; however, the low molecular mass subunits PsbW and PsbX as well as the PsbS proteins were found to be more exclusively located in grana thylakoids. The auxiliary proteins assisting in repair cycle of PSII were mostly located in stroma-exposed thylakoids, with the exception of THYLAKOID LUMEN PROTEIN OF 18.3 (TLP18.3), which was more evenly distributed between the grana and stroma thylakoids. The TL29 protein was present exclusively in grana thylakoids. Intriguingly, PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) was found to be distributed quite evenly between grana and stroma thylakoids, whereas PGR5-LIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHENOTYPE1 (PGRL1) was highly enriched in the stroma thylakoids and practically missing from the grana cores. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Suorsa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marjaana Rantala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ravi Danielsson
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sari Järvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Paakkarinen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Wolfgang P Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Linnaeus väg 10, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Pagliano C, Saracco G, Barber J. Structural, functional and auxiliary proteins of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:167-88. [PMID: 23417641 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is the water-splitting enzyme complex of photosynthesis and consists of a large number of protein subunits. Most of these proteins have been structurally and functionally characterized, although there are differences between PSII of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Here we catalogue all known PSII proteins giving a brief description, where possible of their genetic origin, physical properties, structural relationships and functions. We have also included details of auxiliary proteins known at present to be involved in the in vivo assembly, maintenance and turnover of PSII and which transiently bind to the reaction centre core complex. Finally, we briefly give details of the proteins which form the outer light-harvesting systems of PSII in different types of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Torino, Alessandria, Italy,
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Brassinosteroids regulate the thylakoid membrane architecture and the photosystem II function. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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A unique regulation of the expression of the psbA, psbD, and psbE genes, encoding the 01, 02 and cytochrome b559 subunits of the Photosystem II complex in the chlorophyll d containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1817:1083-94. [PMID: 23487854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic electron transport, chromatic photoacclirnation and expression of the genes encoding the 01, 02, and cytochrome b559 subunits of the Photosystem II complex were studied in the chlorophyll d containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017 under various environmental conditions. During oxygen deprivation and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by dibromothymoquinone the psbA1 gene encoding a 01' isoform was induced. All of the three psbA and one of the three psbD (psbD2) genes, encoding two different isoforms of the 01 and the abundant isoform of the 02 proteins, respectively were induced under exposure to UV-B radiation and high intensity visible light. Under far red light the amount of Photosystem II complexes increased, and expression of the psbE2 gene encoding the alpha-subunit of cytochrome b559 was enhanced. However, the psbF and psbE1 genes encoding the beta- and another isoform of alpha-cytochrome b559, respectively remained lowly expressed under all conditions. Far red light also induced the psbD3 gene encoding a 02' isoform whose primary structure is different from the abundant 02 isoform. psbD3 was also induced under low intensity visible light, when chromatic photoacclimation was indicated by a red-shifted absorption of chlorophyll d. Our results show that differential expression of multigene families encoding different isoforms of 01 and 02 plays an important role in the acclimation of A. marina to contrasting environmental conditions. Moreover, the disproportionate quantity of transcripts of the alpha and beta subunits of cytochrome b559 implies the existence of an alpha-alpha homodimer organization of cytochrome b559 in Photosystem II complexes.
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Chiu YF, Chen YH, Roncel M, Dilbeck PL, Huang JY, Ke SC, Ortega JM, Burnap RL, Chu HA. Spectroscopic and functional characterization of cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 mutants on the cytoplasmic-side of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:507-19. [PMID: 23399490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed spectroscopic and functional characterization on cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 with mutations of charged residues of the cytoplasmic side of cytochrome (Cyt) b559 in photosystem II (PSII). All of the mutant cells grew photoautotrophically and assembled stable PSII. However, R7Eα, R17Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells grew significantly slower and were more susceptible to photoinhibition than wild-type cells. The adverse effects of the arginine mutations on the activity and the stability of PSII were in the following order (R17Lβ>R7Eα>R17Eα and R17Aα). All these arginine mutants exhibited normal period-four oscillation in oxygen yield. Thermoluminescence characteristics indicated a slight decrease in the stability of the S3QB(-)/S2QB(-) charge pairs in the R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells. R7Eα and R17Lβ PSII core complexes contained predominantly the low potential form of Cyt b559. EPR results indicated the displacement of one of the two axial ligands to the heme of Cyt b559 in R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant reaction centers. Our results demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions between these arginine residues and the heme propionates of Cyt b559 are important to the structure and redox properties of Cyt b559. In addition, the blue light-induced nonphotochemical quenching was significantly attenuated and its recovery was accelerated in the R7Lα and R17Lβ mutant cells. Furthermore, ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that the PQ pool was more reduced in the R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells than wild-type cells in the dark. Our data support a functional role of Cyt b559 in protection of PSII under photoinhibition conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chiu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Ahmad N, Michoux F, Nixon PJ. Investigating the production of foreign membrane proteins in tobacco chloroplasts: expression of an algal plastid terminal oxidase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41722. [PMID: 22848578 PMCID: PMC3404998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation provides an inexpensive, easily scalable production platform for expression of recombinant proteins in plants. However, this technology has been largely limited to the production of soluble proteins. Here we have tested the ability of tobacco chloroplasts to express a membrane protein, namely plastid terminal oxidase 1 from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr-PTOX1), which is predicted to function as a plastoquinol oxidase. A homoplastomic plant containing a codon-optimised version of the nuclear gene encoding PTOX1, driven by the 16S rRNA promoter and 5'UTR of gene 10 from phage T7, was generated using a particle delivery system. Accumulation of Cr-PTOX1 was shown by immunoblotting and expression in an enzymatically active form was confirmed by using chlorophyll fluorescence to measure changes in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool in leaves. Growth of Cr-PTOX1 expressing plants was, however, more sensitive to high light than WT. Overall our results confirm the feasibility of using plastid transformation as a means of expressing foreign membrane proteins in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Nowaczyk MM, Krause K, Mieseler M, Sczibilanski A, Ikeuchi M, Rögner M. Deletion of psbJ leads to accumulation of Psb27-Psb28 photosystem II complexes in Thermosynechococcus elongatus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1339-45. [PMID: 22387395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of Photosystem II (PSII) is embedded in a network of proteins that guides the complex through biogenesis, damage and repair. Some of these proteins, such as Psb27 and Psb28, are involved in cofactor assembly for which they are only transiently bound to the preassembled complex. In this work we isolated and analyzed PSII from a ΔpsbJ mutant of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. From the four different PSII complexes that could be separated the most prominent one revealed a monomeric Psb27-Psb28 PSII complex with greatly diminished oxygen-evolving activity. The MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry analysis of intact low molecular weight subunits (<10kDa) depicted wild type PSII with the absence of PsbJ. Relative quantification of the PsbA1/PsbA3 ratio by LC-ESI mass spectrometry using (15)N labeled PsbA3-specific peptides indicated the complete replacement of PsbA1 by the stress copy PsbA3 in the mutant, even under standard growth conditions (50μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc M Nowaczyk
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Essemine J, Govindachary S, Joly D, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Carpentier R. Effect of moderate and high light on photosystem II function in Arabidopsis thaliana depleted in digalactosyl-diacylglycerol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1367-73. [PMID: 22342616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The response of the heat-sensitive dgd1-2 and dgd1-3 Arabidopsis mutants depleted in the galactolipid DGDG to photoinhibition of chloroplasts photosystem II was studied to verify if there is a relationship between heat stress vulnerability due to depletion in DGDG and the susceptibility to photoinhibitory damage. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is known to dissipate excessive absorbed light energy as heat to protect plants against photodamage. The main component of NPQ is dependent of the transthylakoid pH gradient and is modulated by zeaxanthin (Zx) synthesis. These processes together with chlorophyll fluorescence induction were used to characterize the response of the genotypes. The mutants were more sensitive to photoinhibition to a small extent but this was more severe for dgd1-3 especially at high light intensity. It was deduced that DGDG was not a main factor to influence photoinhibition but other lipid components could affect PSII sensitivity towards photoinhibition in relation to the physical properties of the thylakoid membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemâa Essemine
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Timperio AM, Gevi F, Ceci LR, Zolla L. Acclimation to intense light implies changes at the level of trimeric subunits involved in the structural organization of the main light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) and their isoforms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 50:8-14. [PMID: 22099514 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
When plants are grown under stable light conditions their photosynthetic apparatus undergoes a long-term acclimation process. Acclimation to different light intensities involves changes in the organization and/or abundance of protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes. In this study, spinach plants were exposed to differing light intensities, and the structural organization of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystem II (LHCII) was investigated by analysing their trimeric subunits. Plants were exposed to three different light intensities, 100 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹, 200 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹ and an elevated light intensity, 400 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹, sufficient to provoke a moderate stress response in the form of down regulation of PSII. "MicroRotofor" analysis showed the presence of LHCII with different pIs and revealed a clear decline in their abundance as light intensity increased from 100 to 400 μmol quanta m⁻² s⁻¹. The three subunits (Lhcb1, Lhcb2, Lhcb3) behaved differently from each other as: Lhcb1 decreased more significantly than Lhcb2, whereas Lhcb3 was reduced only at a light window at which Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 abundance has already been depleted under intense irradiation. Interestingly, we also found that isoforms of Lhcb1 subunit (Lhcb1.1; 1.2; 1.3) behaved differently in response to elevated light intensity, suggesting an essential role of these isoforms to light adaption and consequently explaining the presence of this multigenic family, often identified among higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecology and Biology, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Zhang D, Zhou G, Liu B, Kong Y, Chen N, Qiu Q, Yin H, An J, Zhang F, Chen F. HCF243 encodes a chloroplast-localized protein involved in the D1 protein stability of the arabidopsis photosystem II complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:608-19. [PMID: 21862668 PMCID: PMC3192558 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.183301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous auxiliary nuclear factors have been identified to be involved in the dynamics of the photosystem II (PSII) complex. In this study, we characterized the high chlorophyll fluorescence243 (hcf243) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which shows higher chlorophyll fluorescence and is severely deficient in the accumulation of PSII supercomplexes compared with the wild type. The amount of core subunits was greatly decreased, while the outer antenna subunits and other subunits were hardly affected in hcf243. In vivo protein-labeling experiments indicated that the synthesis rate of both D1 and D2 proteins decreased severely in hcf243, whereas no change was found in the rate of other plastid-encoded proteins. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the PSII core subunit D1 protein is higher in hcf243 than in the wild type, and the assembly of PSII is retarded significantly in the hcf243 mutant. HCF243, a nuclear gene, encodes a chloroplast protein that interacts with the D1 protein. HCF243 homologs were identified in angiosperms with one or two copies but were not found in lower plants and prokaryotes. These results suggest that HCF243, which arose after the origin of the higher plants, may act as a cofactor to maintain the stability of D1 protein and to promote the subsequent assembly of the PSII complex.
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Agrawal GK, Bourguignon J, Rolland N, Ephritikhine G, Ferro M, Jaquinod M, Alexiou KG, Chardot T, Chakraborty N, Jolivet P, Doonan JH, Rakwal R. Plant organelle proteomics: collaborating for optimal cell function. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:772-853. [PMID: 21038434 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Organelle proteomics describes the study of proteins present in organelle at a particular instance during the whole period of their life cycle in a cell. Organelles are specialized membrane bound structures within a cell that function by interacting with cytosolic and luminal soluble proteins making the protein composition of each organelle dynamic. Depending on organism, the total number of organelles within a cell varies, indicating their evolution with respect to protein number and function. For example, one of the striking differences between plant and animal cells is the plastids in plants. Organelles have their own proteins, and few organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast have their own genome to synthesize proteins for specific function and also require nuclear-encoded proteins. Enormous work has been performed on animal organelle proteomics. However, plant organelle proteomics has seen limited work mainly due to: (i) inter-plant and inter-tissue complexity, (ii) difficulties in isolation of subcellular compartments, and (iii) their enrichment and purity. Despite these concerns, the field of organelle proteomics is growing in plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize. The available data are beginning to help better understand organelles and their distinct and/or overlapping functions in different plant tissues, organs or cell types, and more importantly, how protein components of organelles behave during development and with surrounding environments. Studies on organelles have provided a few good reviews, but none of them are comprehensive. Here, we present a comprehensive review on plant organelle proteomics starting from the significance of organelle in cells, to organelle isolation, to protein identification and to biology and beyond. To put together such a systematic, in-depth review and to translate acquired knowledge in a proper and adequate form, we join minds to provide discussion and viewpoints on the collaborative nature of organelles in cell, their proper function and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), P.O. Box 13265, Sanepa, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Shi LX, Hall M, Funk C, Schröder WP. Photosystem II, a growing complex: updates on newly discovered components and low molecular mass proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:13-25. [PMID: 21907181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II is a unique complex capable of absorbing light and splitting water. The complex has been thoroughly studied and to date there are more than 40 proteins identified, which bind to the complex either stably or transiently. Another special feature of this complex is the unusually high content of low molecular mass proteins that represent more than half of the proteins. In this review we summarize the recent findings on the low molecular mass proteins (<15kDa) and present an overview of the newly identified components as well. We have also performed co-expression analysis of the genes encoding PSII proteins to see if the low molecular mass proteins form a specific sub-group within the Photosystem II complex. Interestingly we found that the chloroplast-localized genes encoding PSII proteins display a different response to environmental and stress conditions compared to the nuclear localized genes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xin Shi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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The extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:121-42. [PMID: 21801710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we examine the structure and function of the extrinsic proteins of Photosystem II. These proteins include PsbO, present in all oxygenic organisms, the PsbP and PsbQ proteins, which are found in higher plants and eukaryotic algae, and the PsbU, PsbV, CyanoQ, and CyanoP proteins, which are found in the cyanobacteria. These proteins serve to optimize oxygen evolution at physiological calcium and chloride concentrations. They also shield the Mn(4)CaO(5) cluster from exogenous reductants. Numerous biochemical, genetic and structural studies have been used to probe the structure and function of these proteins within the photosystem. We will discuss the most recent proposed functional roles for these components, their structures (as deduced from biochemical and X-ray crystallographic studies) and the locations of their proposed binding domains within the Photosystem II complex. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Leelavathi S, Bhardwaj A, Kumar S, Dass A, Pathak R, Pandey SS, Tripathy BC, Padmalatha KV, Dhandapani G, Kanakachari M, Solanke AU, Kumar PA, Cella R, Siva Reddy V. Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analyses of tobacco psaA and psbA deletion mutants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 76:407-23. [PMID: 21327516 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in higher land plants is a complex process involving several proteins encoded by both nuclear and chloroplast genomes that require a highly coordinated gene expression. Significant changes in plastid differentiation and biochemical processes are associated with the deletion of chloroplast genes. In this study we report the genome-wide responses caused by the deletion of tobacco psaA and psbA genes coding core components of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), respectively, generated through a chloroplast genetic engineering approach. Transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis showed the down regulation of specific groups of nuclear and chloroplast genes involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism and chloroplast biogenesis. Moreover, our data show simultaneous activation of several defense and stress responsive genes including those involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanisms. A major finding is the differential transcription of the plastome of deletion mutants: genes known to be transcribed by the plastid encoded polymerase (PEP) were generally down regulated while those transcribed by the nuclear encoded polymerase (NEP) were up regulated, indicating simultaneous activation of multiple signaling pathways in response to disruption of PSI and PSII complexes. The genome wide transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the ∆psaA and ∆psbA deletion mutants revealed a simultaneous up and down regulation of the specific groups of genes located in nucleus and chloroplasts suggesting a complex circuitry involving both retrograde and anterograde signaling mechanisms responsible for the coordinated expression of nuclear and chloroplast genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhu Leelavathi
- Plant Transformation Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Italiano F, D’Amici GM, Rinalducci S, De Leo F, Zolla L, Gallerani R, Trotta M, Ceci LR. The photosynthetic membrane proteome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26.1 exposed to cobalt. Res Microbiol 2011; 162:520-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shao J, Zhang Y, Yu J, Guo L, Ding Y. Isolation of thylakoid membrane complexes from rice by a new double-strips BN/SDS-PAGE and bioinformatics prediction of stromal ridge subunits interaction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20342. [PMID: 21637806 PMCID: PMC3102703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thylakoid membrane complexes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) play crucial roles in growth and crop production. Understanding of protein interactions within the complex would provide new insights into photosynthesis. Here, a new "Double-Strips BN/SDS-PAGE" method was employed to separate thylakoid membrane complexes in order to increase the protein abundance on 2D-gels and to facilitate the identification of hydrophobic transmembrane proteins. A total of 58 protein spots could be observed and subunit constitution of these complexes exhibited on 2D-gels. The generality of this new approach was confirmed using thylakoid membrane from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and pumpkin (Cucurita spp). Furthermore, the proteins separated from rice thylakoid membrane were identified by the mass spectrometry (MS). The stromal ridge proteins PsaD and PsaE were identified both in the holo- and core- PSI complexes of rice. Using molecular dynamics simulation to explore the recognition mechanism of these subunits, we showed that salt bridge interactions between residues R19 of PsaC and E168 of PasD as well as R75 of PsaC and E91 of PsaD played important roles in the stability of the complex. This stromal ridge subunits interaction was also supported by the subsequent analysis of the binding free energy, the intramolecular distances and the intramolecular energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianlan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lu Y, Hall DA, Last RL. A small zinc finger thylakoid protein plays a role in maintenance of photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:1861-75. [PMID: 21586683 PMCID: PMC3123961 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work identifies LOW QUANTUM YIELD OF PHOTOSYSTEM II1 (LQY1), a Zn finger protein that shows disulfide isomerase activity, interacts with the photosystem II (PSII) core complex, and may act in repair of photodamaged PSII complexes. Two mutants of an unannotated small Zn finger containing a thylakoid membrane protein of Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g75690; LQY1) were found to have a lower quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and reduced PSII electron transport rate following high-light treatment. The mutants dissipate more excess excitation energy via nonphotochemical pathways than wild type, and they also display elevated accumulation of reactive oxygen species under high light. After high-light treatment, the mutants have less PSII-light-harvesting complex II supercomplex than wild-type plants. Analysis of thylakoid membrane protein complexes showed that wild-type LQY1 protein comigrates with the PSII core monomer and the CP43-less PSII monomer (a marker for ongoing PSII repair and reassembly). PSII repair and reassembly involve the breakage and formation of disulfide bonds among PSII proteins. Interestingly, the recombinant LQY1 protein demonstrates a protein disulfide isomerase activity. LQY1 is more abundant in stroma-exposed thylakoids, where key steps of PSII repair and reassembly take place. The absence of the LQY1 protein accelerates turnover and synthesis of PSII reaction center protein D1. These results suggest that the LQY1 protein may be involved in maintaining PSII activity under high light by regulating repair and reassembly of PSII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - David A. Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Robert L. Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Address correspondence to
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Kawakami K, Umena Y, Iwai M, Kawabata Y, Ikeuchi M, Kamiya N, Shen JR. Roles of PsbI and PsbM in photosystem II dimer formation and stability studied by deletion mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Luciński R, Misztal L, Samardakiewicz S, Jackowski G. Involvement of Deg5 protease in wounding-related disposal of PsbF apoprotein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:311-320. [PMID: 21282060 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Deg5 is a serine-type protease peripherally attached to luminal side of thylakoid membrane. Given the lack of knowledge concerning its function homozygous T-DNA insertion line depleted in Deg5 was prepared to study the functional importance of this protease in Arabidopsis thaliana. deg5 mutants displayed a pleiotropic phenotype with regard to fourth whorl leaves of four-weeks old plants. The alterations involved an increased leaf area, reduced leaf thickness, reduced cross-sectional area of palisade mesophyll cells as well as changed chloroplast ultrastructure including lack of signs of entering the senescence phase (e.g. presence of much smaller plastoglobules) and the accumulation of large starch grains at the end of the dark period. It was shown that whereas PsbA, C and F apoproteins of photosystem II reaction center undergo an extensive disappearance in response to a set of brief stresses deg5 mutant was fully resistant to the disappearance of PsbF apoprotein which follows an exposition of leaves to wounding. Our results demonstrate that Deg5 is of seminal importance for normal plant development and degradation of PsbF which occurs following brief wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luciński
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, Poland.
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Moon YR, Lee MH, Tovuu A, Lee CH, Chung BY, Park YI, Kim JH. Acute exposure to UV-B sensitizes cucumber, tomato, and Arabidopsis plants to photooxidative stress by inhibiting thermal energy dissipation and antioxidant defense. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:238-48. [PMID: 21436613 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To characterize a change in NPQ upon exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B), the xanthophyll cycle-dependent and -independent NPQs were compared in Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicum esculentum, and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. The xanthophyll cycle-dependent NPQ was dramatically but reversibly suppressed by UV-B radiation. This suppression was correlated more strongly with a marked decrease in photosynthetic electron transport rather than changes in xanthophyll cycle enzymes such as violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase. Accordingly, the UV-B-induced suppression of NPQ cannot be attributed to changes in expressions of VDE and ZEP. However, suppression of the xanthophyll cycle-dependent NPQ could only account for the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra of thylakoid membranes and the increased level of (1)O(2) production, but not for the decreased levels of •O(2)(-) production and H(2)O(2) scavenging. These results suggest that a gradual reduction of H(2)O(2) scavenging activity as well as a transient and reversible suppression of thermal energy dissipation may contribute differentially to increased photooxidative damages in cucumber, tomato, and Arabidopsis plants after acute exposure to UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ran Moon
- Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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