1
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Marin E, Kornilov DA, Bukhdruker SS, Aleksenko VA, Manuvera VA, Zinovev EV, Kovalev KV, Shevtsov MB, Talyzina AA, Bobrovsky PA, Kuzmichev PK, Mishin AV, Gushchin IY, Lazarev VN, Borshchevskiy VI. Structural insights into thrombolytic activity of destabilase from medicinal leech. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6641. [PMID: 37095116 PMCID: PMC10126035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Destabilase from the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis belongs to the family of i-type lysozymes. It has two different enzymatic activities: microbial cell walls destruction (muramidase activity), and dissolution of the stabilized fibrin (isopeptidase activity). Both activities are known to be inhibited by sodium chloride at near physiological concentrations, but the structural basis remains unknown. Here we present two crystal structures of destabilase, including a 1.1 Å-resolution structure in complex with sodium ion. Our structures reveal the location of sodium ion between Glu34/Asp46 residues, which were previously recognized as a glycosidase active site. While sodium coordination with these amino acids may explain inhibition of the muramidase activity, its influence on previously suggested Ser49/Lys58 isopeptidase activity dyad is unclear. We revise the Ser49/Lys58 hypothesis and compare sequences of i-type lysozymes with confirmed destabilase activity. We suggest that the general base for the isopeptidase activity is His112 rather than Lys58. pKa calculations of these amino acids, assessed through the 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation, confirm the hypothesis. Our findings highlight the ambiguity of destabilase catalytic residues identification and build foundations for further research of structure-activity relationship of isopeptidase activity as well as structure-based protein design for potential anticoagulant drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Marin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Valentin A Manuvera
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | | | - Anna A Talyzina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Mishin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan Y Gushchin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
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2
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Liu L, Jia X, Zhao X, Li T, Luo Z, Deng R, Peng B, Mao D, Liu H, Zheng Q. In vitro PCR verification that lysozyme inhibits nucleic acid replication and transcription. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6383. [PMID: 37076576 PMCID: PMC10115842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme can kill bacteria by its enzymatic activity or through a mechanism involving its cationic nature, which can facilitate electrostatic interactions with the viral capsid, the negatively charged parts of nucleic acids, and polymerase, so binding to nucleic acids may be another biological function of lysozyme. Here, PCR was used as a research tool to detect the effects of lysozyme on the replication and transcription of nucleic acids after treatment in different ways. We found that lysozyme and its hydrolysate can enter cells and inhibit PCR to varying degrees in vitro, and degraded lysozyme inhibited nucleic acid replication more effectively than intact lysozyme. The inhibition of lysozyme may be related to polymerase binding, and the sensitivity of different polymerases to lysozyme is inconsistent. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further explaining the pharmacological effects of lysozyme, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and immune regulatory activities, and directions for the development of new pharmacological effects of lysozyme and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziren Luo
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranxi Deng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bijia Peng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Danting Mao
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zheng
- Medical Functional Experiment Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Song Q, Xiao Y, Xiao Z, Liu T, Li J, Li P, Han F. Lysozymes in Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15039-15051. [PMID: 34890178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment has led to a high incidence of fish diseases. Lysozymes, important antimicrobial enzymes, play an important role in the innate immune system of fish. The studies of fish lysozymes benefit the control of fish infections caused by pathogens. In this review, we reviewed recent progress in fish lysozymes, including their classification, structural characteristics, biological functions and mechanisms, tissue distributions, and properties of their recombinant proteins, which will help us to systematically understand the fish lysozymes and facilitate their applications in the fields of food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sichuan Tengli Agri-Tech Company, Limited, Deyang, Sichuan 618200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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5
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Li L, Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Mateus AP, Canário AVM, Power DM. Fish lysozyme gene family evolution and divergent function in early development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103772. [PMID: 32730854 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes are an ancient group of antimicrobial enzymes of the innate immune system. Here we provide a comparative analysis of the evolution and function of lysozymes during early development in fish, the most speciose vertebrate group. In fishes, lineage and species-specific evolution of both C-type (chicken or conventional) and G-type (goose type) genes occurred. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the teleost lysozyme G-type members group with the tetrapod homologues but the teleost C-type form three different clusters with the tetrapods. Most of the teleost C-type cluster with tetrapod Lyz but there are some that group with the mammalian Lyzl1/2 and LALBA. This suggests that early in gnathostome evolution these genes already existed and that lyzl1/2 and lalba genes are present in fish and tetrapods. Gene synteny analysis to confirm sequence orthologies failed to identify conserved genome regions between teleosts and other vertebrates lysozyme gene regions suggesting that in the ancestral bony fish genome lyz, lyzl1/2, lalba and lyg precursor genes were transposed to different chromosome regions. The homologue of the mammalian lactalbumin (LALBA) gene was identified for the first time in teleosts and was expressed in skin and during egg and larval development. Lysozyme activity was detected in teleost eggs and varied between species and in the gilthead sea bream lyg and lalba transcript abundance differed in eggs and larvae from different brood stock suggesting differences exist in maternal innate immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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6
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Shabelnikov SV, Bobkov DE, Sharlaimova NS, Petukhova OA. Injury affects coelomic fluid proteome of the common starfish, Asterias rubens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.198556. [PMID: 30877231 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.198556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms, possessing outstanding regenerative capabilities, provide a unique model system for the study of response to injury. However, little is known about the proteomic composition of coelomic fluid, an important biofluid circulating throughout the animal's body and reflecting the overall biological status of the organism. In this study, we used LC-MALDI tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the proteome of the cell-free coelomic fluid of the starfish Asterias rubens and to follow the changes occurring in response to puncture wound and blood loss. In total, 91 proteins were identified, of which 61 were extracellular soluble and 16 were bound to the plasma membrane. The most represented functional terms were 'pattern recognition receptor activity' and 'peptidase inhibitor activity'. A series of candidate proteins involved in early response to injury was revealed. Ependymin, β-microseminoprotein, serum amyloid A and avidin-like proteins, which are known to be involved in intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber, were also identified as injury-responsive proteins. Our results expand the list of proteins potentially involved in defense and regeneration in echinoderms and demonstrate dramatic effects of injury on the coelomic fluid proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Shabelnikov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Danila E Bobkov
- Department of Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia S Sharlaimova
- Department of Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A Petukhova
- Department of Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Engineering Pichia pastoris for Efficient Production of a Novel Bifunctional Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Invertebrate-Type Lysozyme. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:459-475. [PMID: 29651700 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysozymes are known as ubiquitously distributed immune effectors with hydrolytic activity against peptidoglycan, the major bacterial cell wall polymer, to trigger cell lysis. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence of a novel sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus invertebrate-type lysozyme (sp-iLys) was synthesized according to the codon usage bias of Pichia pastoris and was cloned into a constitutive expression plasmid pPIC9K. The resulting plasmid, pPIC9K-sp-iLys, was integrated into the genome of P. pastoris strain GS115. The bioactive recombinant sp-iLys was successfully secreted into the culture broth by positive transformants. The highest lytic activity of 960 U/mL of culture supernatant was reached in fed-batch fermentation. Using chitin affinity chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography, recombinant sp-iLys was produced with a yield of 94.5 mg/L and purity of > 99%. Recombinant sp-iLys reached its peak lytic activity of 8560 U/mg at pH 6.0 and 30 °C and showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, and Aeromonas hydrophila) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). In addition, recombinant sp-iLys displayed isopeptidase activity which reached the peak at pH 7.5 and 37 °C with the presence of 0.05 M Na+. In conclusion, this report describes the heterologous expression of recombinant sp-iLys in P. pastoris on a preparative-scale, which possesses lytic activity and isopeptidase activity. This suggests that sp-iLys might play an important role in the innate immunity of S. purpuratus.
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8
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Huang P, Sun Q, Shi W, Du W, Li X, Zhang N. Efficient production of human goose-type lysozyme 2 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2018; 275:44-52. [PMID: 29660471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by antibiotic multidrug-resistant microorganisms are major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for new antimicrobial agents. Initially known as a defensive effector in the innate immunity of certain organs of the human body, human goose-type lysozyme 2 (hLysG2) has been shown to possess therapeutically useful potential against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Developing a novel strategy for large-scale production that provides high yields of this protein with high purity, quality, and potency is critical for pharmaceutical applications. To overcome the issues related to prokaryotic expression, here we report the production of recombinant hLysG2 (rhLysG2) using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as expression host. The strong inducible alcoholoxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter was used to drive expression of the optimized hLysG2 gene. Under the optimal expression conditions, the lytic activity of rhLysG2 reached 113 U/mL of culture supernatant in shake flask cultivation and this was increased to 2084 U/mL in fed-batch fermentation. Using chitin affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography, rhLysG2 was produced with a yield of 137 mg/L, purity of > 99%, molecular weight of 21,504.6 Da, and specific activity of 13,500 U/mg. In vitro assays indicated that rhLysG2 possessed muramidase activity, isopeptidase activity, and free radical scavenging activity. This report describes an efficient strategy for the production of biologically active rhLysG2 in P. pastoris on a large scale with a high yield, which provides a solid foundation for possible future pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Qingwen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Weijun Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Wangchun Du
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai 201318, China.
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9
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Li C, Blencke HM, Haug T, Stensvåg K. Antimicrobial peptides in echinoderm host defense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:190-197. [PMID: 25445901 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. Here we briefly summarize characteristic traits of AMPs and their mechanisms of antimicrobial activity. Echinoderms live in a microbe-rich marine environment and are known to express a wide range of AMPs. We address two novel AMP families from coelomocytes of sea urchins: cysteine-rich AMPs (strongylocins) and heterodimeric AMPs (centrocins). These peptide families have conserved preprosequences, are present in both adults and pluteus stage larvae, have potent antimicrobial properties, and therefore appear to be important innate immune effectors. Strongylocins have a unique cysteine pattern compared to other cysteine-rich peptides, which suggests a novel AMP folding pattern. Centrocins and SdStrongylocin 2 contain brominated tryptophan residues in their native form. This review also includes AMPs isolated from other echinoderms, such as holothuroidins, fragments of beta-thymosin, and fragments of lectin (CEL-III). Echinoderm AMPs are crucial molecules for the understanding of echinoderm immunity, and their potent antimicrobial activity makes them potential precursors of novel drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Haug
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Tian Y, Liang XW, Chang YQ, Song J. Expression of c-type lysozyme gene in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is highly regulated and time dependent after salt stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 180:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Grobelny S, Erlkamp M, Möller J, Tolan M, Winter R. Intermolecular interactions in highly concentrated protein solutions upon compression and the role of the solvent. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:22D506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Grobelny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry-Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Erlkamp
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry-Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Möller
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Str. 2, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Str. 2, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R. Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry-Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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High-level soluble expression of the functional peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of the sea cucumber lysozyme and analysis of its antimicrobial activity. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Zhou X, Yu Y, Tao J, Yu L. Production of LYZL6, a novel human c-type lysozyme, in recombinant Pichia pastoris employing high cell density fed-batch fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:420-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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The Complete Amino Acid Sequence and Enzymatic Properties of an i-Type Lysozyme Isolated from the Common Orient Clam (Meretrix lusoria). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2269-77. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Li C, Blencke HM, Haug T, Jørgensen Ø, Stensvåg K. Expression of antimicrobial peptides in coelomocytes and embryos of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 43:106-113. [PMID: 24239709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in innate immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of the AMPs, strongylocins 1 and 2, and centrocin 1, from coelomocyte extracts of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Here we show that these AMPs were expressed in phagocytes. In addition, transcripts of strongylocin 1 were detected in vibratile cells and/or colorless spherule cells, while transcripts of strongylocin 2 were found in red spherule cells. Results from immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry studies showed that centrocin 1 was produced by phagocytes and stored in granular vesicles. Co-localization of centrocin 1 and phagocytosed bacteria suggests that the granular vesicles containing centrocin 1 may be involved in the formation of phagolysosomes. We also analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of AMPs throughout larval development. Strongylocins were expressed in the early pluteus stage, while centrocin 1 was expressed in the mid pluteus stage. The spatial expression pattern showed that centrocin 1 was mainly located in blastocoelar cells (BCs) around the stomach and the esophagus. In addition, a few patrolling BCs were detected in some larval arms. Together, these results suggest that AMPs are expressed in different types of coelomocytes and that centrocin 1 is involved in response against bacteria. Furthermore, the expression of AMPs in larval pluteus stage, especially in BCs, indicates that AMPs and BCs are engaged in the larval immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Haug
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Klara Stensvåg
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Li L, Zhao J, Wang L, Qiu L, Song L. Genomic organization, polymorphisms and molecular evolution of the goose-type lysozyme gene from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. Gene 2013; 513:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ren Q, Qi YL, Hui KM, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Wang W. Four invertebrate-type lysozyme genes from triangle-shell pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:909-915. [PMID: 22884462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes in animals have three types, namely chicken-type, goose-type, and invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozymes and all these 3 types have been found in bivalve mollusks. The i-type lysozymes in mollusks are involved in digestion and innate immunity. In this study, four different lysozyme genes that belong to i-type were identified from Hyriopsis cumingii. The HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 genes encode proteins with 144, 144, 161, and 228 amino acids, respectively, and contain a destabilase domain. HcLyso4 also contains SH3b domain in addition to its destabilase domain. Multiple alignments showed that two catalytic residues of Glu and Asp which were necessary for enzyme activity were present in i-type lysozymes. Phylogenetic analysis using CDS sequences of i-type lysozymes showed that these lysozymes can be divided into mollusk and crustacean clades, and that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 all belong to the mollusk clades. Although there was no positive selection predicted in i-type lysozymes, some branches suffered rapid evolution. HcLyso1 is mainly expressed in hepatopancreas and can be detected in hemocytes. HcLyso2 is primarily expressed in hepatopancreas and can be detected in hemocytes Whereas, HcLyso3 can be detected mainly in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and mantle. HcLyso4 is expressed in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. qRT-PCR analysis showed that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 were all nearly down-regulated by Vibrio or Staphylococcus aureus challenge. Moreover, our research indicated that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 might play a key role in the innate immunity of mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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He C, Yu H, Liu W, Su H, Shan Z, Bao X, Li Y, Fu L, Gao X. A goose-type lysozyme gene in Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and promoter sequence analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang T, Xu Y, Liu W, Sun Y, Jin L. Expression of Apostichopus japonicus lysozyme in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Huang P, Li WS, Xie J, Yang XM, Jiang DK, Jiang S, Yu L. Characterization and expression of HLysG2, a basic goose-type lysozyme from the human eye and testis. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:524-31. [PMID: 21093056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme plays an important role in human innate immunity by causing bacterial cell lysis. We describe for the first time, the actual performance of human lysozyme g-like 2 (HLysG2), a mammalian g-type lysozyme. RT-PCR revealed that the HLysG2 gene was transcribed in eye and testis tissues. A spot was detected from human tears using 2D gel electrophoresis and was identified as HLysG2 using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and a MASCOT search with a matching score of 140 and 27% sequence coverage of the whole amino acid sequence. To gain insight into the in vitro antimicrobial activities of HLysG2, the mature peptide-coding region was cloned into Pichia pastoris for heterogeneous expression. Recombinant HLysG2, had an optimal at pH 6.0 and 30 °C, reached the peak activity of 1.2 × 10(4)U/mg at the sodium ion concentration of 75 mM and showed a higher salt tolerance than human c-type lysozyme (HLysC). Recombinant HlysG2 inhibited Gram-positive bacterial growth and did not inhibit Gram-negative bacterial and Candida albicans growth. Results indicated that HLysG2 is a potent antibacterial protein that may play a role in the innate immunity of the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Xue Q, Hellberg ME, Schey KL, Itoh N, Eytan RI, Cooper RK, La Peyre JF. A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and a possible evolutionary pathway for i-type lysozymes in bivalves from host defense to digestion. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:213. [PMID: 20633278 PMCID: PMC3020801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. RESULTS We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it represents a transitional form between lysozymes used for digestion and immunity. The cv-lysozyme 3 protein inhibited the growth of bacteria (consistent with a defensive function), but semi-quantitative RT-PCR suggested the gene was expressed mainly in digestive glands. Purified cv-lysozyme 3 expressed maximum muramidase activity within a range of pH (7.0 and 8.0) and ionic strength (I = 0.005-0.01) unfavorable for either cv-lysozyme 1 or cv-lysozyme 2 activities. The topology of a phylogenetic analysis of cv-lysozyme 3 cDNA (full length 663 bp, encoding an open reading frame of 187 amino acids) is also consistent with a transitional condition, as cv-lysozyme 3 falls at the base of a monophyletic clade of bivalve lysozymes identified from digestive glands. Rates of nonsynonymous substitution are significantly high at the base of this clade, consistent with an episode of positive selection associated with the functional transition from defense to digestion. CONCLUSION The pattern of molecular evolution accompanying the shift from defensive to digestive function in the i-type lysozymes of bivalves parallels those seen for c-type lysozymes in mammals and suggests that the lysozyme paralogs that enhance the range of physiological conditions for lysozyme activity may provide stepping stones between defensive and digestive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Michael E Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ron I Eytan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Richard K Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Jerome F La Peyre
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
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Zhao J, Qiu L, Ning X, Chen A, Wu H, Li C. Cloning and characterization of an invertebrate type lysozyme from Venerupis philippinarum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 156:56-60. [PMID: 20144728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysozymes are key proteins to invertebrates in the innate immune responses against bacterial infections and providing nutrition as digestion enzymes. In the present study, an invertebrate type lysozyme (denoted as VpLYZ) was identified from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes by cDNA library and RACE approaches. The full-length cDNA of VpLYZ consisted of 805 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a polyA tail, and an open-reading frame of 558bp encoding a polypeptide of 185 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 20.87kD and theoretical pI of 8.44. The high similarity of VpLYZ with other i-type lysozymes from mollusk indicated that VpLYZ should be a new member of i-type lysozyme family. Similar to most i-type lysozymes, VpLYZ possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure and function of i-type lysozymes, such as three catalytic residues (Glu19, Asn72 and Ser75) and i-type specific motif CL(E/L/R/H)C(I/M)C. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, mRNA transcript of VpLYZ was found to be most abundantly expressed in the tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and haemocytes, weakly expressed in the tissues of muscle, foot and mantle. After clams were challenged by Vibrio anguillarum, the mRNA level of VpLYZ in overall haemocyte population was recorded by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. VpLYZ mRNA was down-regulated sharply from 6h to 12h post-infection. Then, the expression level increased to the peak at 72h and recovered to the original level at 96h. All these results indicated that VpLYZ was involved in the immune response against microbe infection and contributed to the clearance of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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Josková R, Silerová M, Procházková P, Bilej M. Identification and cloning of an invertebrate-type lysozyme from Eisenia andrei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:932-8. [PMID: 19454335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is a widely distributed antimicrobial protein having specificity for cleaving the beta-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell walls and thus efficiently contributes to protection against infections caused mainly by Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we assembled a full-length cDNA of a novel invertebrate-type lysozyme from Eisenia andrei earthworm (EALys) by RT-PCR and RACE system. The primary structure of EALys shares high homology with other invertebrate lysozymes; however the highest, 72% identity, was shown for the destabilase I isolated from medicinal leech. Recombinant EALys expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited the lysozyme and isopeptidase activity. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed increased levels of lysozyme mRNA in coelomocytes of E. andrei after the challenge with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Josková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Siritapetawee J, Thammasirirak S, Robinson RC, Yuvaniyama J. The 1.9 A X-Ray Structure of Egg-white Lysozyme from Taiwanese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx Sinensis Wiegmann) Exhibits Structural Differences from the Standard Chicken-Type Lysozyme. J Biochem 2008; 145:193-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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LEE J, KIM S, KIM S. BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF LYSOZYME PURIFIED FROM THE VISCERA OF SCALLOPS (PATINOPECTEN YESSOENSIS). J Food Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Rannikko K, Ortutay C, Vihinen M. Immunity genes and their orthologs: a multi-species database. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1361-70. [PMID: 17965450 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan species, from sponges to insects and mammals, possess successful defence systems against their pathogens and parasites. The evolutionary origins of these diverse systems are beginning to be more comprehensively investigated and mapped out. We have collected 1811 metazoan immunity genes from literature and gene ontology annotations. Tentative orthologs of these genes were identified using reciprocal protein-protein Blast searches against proteins from the GenBank and RefSeq databases. We have defined different levels or classes of ortholog group according to the order of reciprocal ortholog pairs among the seed immunity genes. The genes were clustered into these different ortholog groups. Initial phylogenetic analysis of these ortholog groups suggests that by this approach, we can collect a spectrum of immunity genes representing well the taxa in which they appear. All the immunity genes and their evidence of immune function, orthologs and ortholog groups have been combined into an open access database -- ImmunomeBase, which is publicly available from (http://bioinf.uta.fi/ImmunomeBase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Rannikko
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Institute of Medical Technology, FI-33014, University of Tampere, Finland
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28
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Goto T, Abe Y, Kakuta Y, Takeshita K, Imoto T, Ueda T. Crystal Structure of Tapes japonica Lysozyme with Substrate Analogue. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27459-27467. [PMID: 17631496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704555200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapes japonica lysozyme (TJL) is classified as a member of the recently established i-type lysozyme family. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of TJL complexed with a trimer of N-acetylglucosamine to 1.6A resolution. Based on structure and mutation analyses, we demonstrated that Glu-18 and Asp-30 are the catalytic residues of TJL. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that the catalytic mechanism of TJL is a retaining mechanism that proceeds through a covalent sugar-enzyme intermediate. On the other hand, the quaternary structure in the crystal revealed a dimer formed by the electrostatic interactions of catalytic residues (Glu-18 and Asp-30) in one molecule with the positive residues at the C terminus in helix 6 of the other molecule. Gel chromatography analysis revealed that the TJL dimer remained intact under low salt conditions but that it dissociated to TJL monomers under high salt conditions. With increasing salt concentrations, the chitinase activity of TJL dramatically increased. Therefore, this study provides novel evidence that the lysozyme activity of TJL is modulated by its quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Goto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Yoshito Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Agricultural Sciences of Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Taiji Imoto
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and.
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Mydlarz LD, Jones LE, Harvell CD. Innate Immunity, Environmental Drivers, and Disease Ecology of Marine and Freshwater Invertebrates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2006. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Mydlarz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Laura E. Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - C. Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
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30
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Matsumoto T, Nakamura AM, Takahashi KG. Cloning of cDNAs and hybridization analysis of lysozymes from two oyster species, Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:325-30. [PMID: 16996284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In bivalve molluscs including oysters, lysozymes play an important role in the host defense mechanisms against invading microbes. However, it remains unclear in which sites/cells the lysozyme genes are expressed and which subsequently produced the enzyme. This study cloned lysozyme cDNAs from the digestive organs of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Both complete sequences of two oysters' lysozymes were composed of 137 amino acids. Two translated proteins present a high content in cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these oysters' lysozymes clustered with the invertebrate-type lysozymes of other bivalve species. In the Pacific oyster, lysozyme mRNA was expressed in all tissues except for those of the adductor muscle. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that lysozyme mRNA was expressed strongly in basophil cells in the digestive gland tubule of C. gigas, but not in digestive cells. Results indicated that the basophil cells of the oyster digestive gland are the sites of lysozyme synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Matsumoto
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Nansei 516-0193, Mie, Japan
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31
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Zhao J, Song L, Li C, Zou H, Ni D, Wang W, Xu W. Molecular cloning of an invertebrate goose-type lysozyme gene from Chlamys farreri, and lytic activity of the recombinant protein. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:1198-208. [PMID: 16911829 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme is a widely distributed hydrolase possessing lytic activity against bacterial peptidoglycan, which enables it to protect the host against pathogenic infection. In the present study, the cDNA of an invertebrate goose-type lysozyme (designated CFLysG) was cloned from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri by expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length cDNA of CFLysG consisted of 829 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp encoding a polypeptide of 200 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 21.92 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.76. The high similarity of CFLysG with goose-type (g-type) lysozymes in vertebrate indicated that CFLysG should be an invertebrate counterpart of g-type lysozyme family, which suggested that the origin of g-type lysozyme preceded the emergence of urochordates and even preceded the emergence of deuterostomes. Similar to most g-type lysozymes, CFLysG possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure and function of g-type lysozymes, such as three catalytic residues (Glu 82, Asp 97, Asp 108). By Northern blot analysis, mRNA transcript of CFLysG was found to be most abundantly expressed in the tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and gonad, weakly expressed in the tissues of haemocytes and mantle, while undetectable in the adductor muscle. These results suggested that CFLysG could possess combined features of both the immune and digestive adaptive lysozymes. To gain insight into the in vitro lytic activities of CFLysG, the mature peptide coding region was cloned into Pichia pastoris for heterogeneous expression. Recombinant CFLysG showed inhibitive effect on the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with more potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, which indicated the involvement of CFLysG in the innate immunity of C. farreri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Thammasirirak S, Ponkham P, Preecharram S, Khanchanuan R, Phonyothee P, Daduang S, Srisomsap C, Araki T, Svasti J. Purification, characterization and comparison of reptile lysozymes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 143:209-17. [PMID: 16549391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography were used to purify four reptile lysozymes from egg white: SSTL A and SSTL B from soft shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis), ASTL from Asiatic soft shelled turtle (Amyda cartilagenea) and GSTL from green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). The molecular masses of the purified reptile lysozymes were estimated to be 14 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Enzyme activity of the four lysozymes could be confirmed by gel zymograms and showed charge differences on native-PAGE. SSTL A, SSTL B and ASTL had sharp pH optima of about pH 6.0, which contrasts with that of GSTL, which showed dual pH optima at about pH 6.0 and pH 8.0. The activities of the reptile lysozymes rapidly decreased within 30 min of incubation at 90 degrees C except for ASTL, which was more stable. Partial N-terminal amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping strongly suggested that the enzymes were C-type lysozymes. Interestingly, the mature SSTL lysozymes show an extra Gly residue at the N-terminus, which was previously found in soft-shelled turtle lysozyme. The reptile lysozymes showed lytic activity against several species of bacteria, such as Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio cholerae, but showed only weak activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lacked activity towards Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Liu M, Zhang S, Liu Z, Li H, Xu A. Characterization, organization and expression of AmphiLysC, an acidic c-type lysozyme gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Gene 2006; 367:110-7. [PMID: 16360291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study on lysozymes remains open in amphioxus, a cephalochordate. Here we show the existence of c-type lysozyme gene (AmphiLysC) in amphioxus, first such data in the basal chordates including urochordate and cephalochordate. This is in contrast to the absence of c-type lysozyme genes in urochordate. It is found that there exist two copies of c-type lysozyme genes in amphioxus genome, and their gene organization is similar to vertebrate c-type lysozyme genes with respect to the number and the size of both exons and introns. AmphiLysC possesses main features characteristic of the digestive c-type lysozyme such as lower number of basic amino acids (low pI values) and pH-optimum in acidic range. Moreover, AmphiLysC is predominantly expressed in the gut. These indicate that AmphiLysC is possibly a digestive c-type enzyme. However, the ubiquitous expression of AmphiLysC in non-digestive tissues such as ovaries, testes, notochord, gill and muscle suggests that it may also play a non-digestive role like antibacterial activity. It is highly likely that AmphiLysC is an enzyme with a combined function of digestion and bacteriolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China
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Xue QG, Schey KL, Volety AK, Chu FLE, La Peyre JF. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from plasma of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 139:11-25. [PMID: 15364284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme was purified from the plasma of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) using a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. The molecular mass of purified lysozyme was estimated at 18.4 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and its isoelectric point was greater than 10. Mass spectrometric analysis of the purified enzyme revealed a high-sequence homology with i-type lysozymes. No similarity was found however between the N-terminal sequence of oyster plasma lysozyme and N-terminal sequences of other i-type lysozymes, suggesting that the N-terminal sequences of the i-type lysozymes may vary to a greater extent between species than reported in earlier studies. The optimal ionic strength, pH, cation concentrations, sea salt concentrations, and temperature for activity of the purified lysozyme were determined, as well as its temperature and pH stability. Purified oyster plasma lysozyme inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Lactococcus garvieae, Enterococcus sp.) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus). This is a first report of a lysozyme purified from an oyster species and from the plasma of a bivalve mollusc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Gang Xue
- Cooperative Aquatic Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 111 Dalrymple Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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