1
|
Bhoite A, Gaur NK, Palange M, Kontham R, Gupta V, Kulkarni K. Structure of epoxide hydrolase 2 from Mangifera indica throws light on the substrate specificity determinants of plant epoxide hydrolases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150444. [PMID: 39067247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are a group of ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of chemically reactive epoxides to yield corresponding dihydrodiols. Despite extensive studies on EHs from different clades, generic rules governing their substrate specificity determinants have remained elusive. Here, we present structural, biochemical and molecular dynamics simulation studies on MiEH2, a plant epoxide hydrolase from Mangifera indica. Comparative structure-function analysis of nine homologs of MiEH2, which include a few AlphaFold structural models, show that the two conserved tyrosines (MiEH2Y152 and MiEH2Y232) from the lid domain dissect substrate binding tunnel into two halves, forming substrate-binding-pocket one (BP1) and two (BP2). This compartmentalization offers diverse binding modes to their substrates, as exemplified by the binding of smaller aromatic substrates, such as styrene oxide (SO). Docking and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the linear epoxy fatty acid substrates predominantly occupy BP1, while the aromatic substrates can bind to either BP1 or BP2. Furthermore, SO preferentially binds to BP2, by stacking against catalytically important histidine (MiEH2H297) with the conserved lid tyrosines engaging its epoxide oxygen. Residue (MiEH2L263) next to the catalytic aspartate (MiEH2D262) modulates substrate binding modes. Thus, the divergent binding modes correlate with the differential affinities of the EHs for their substrates. Furthermore, long-range dynamical coupling between the lid and core domains critically influences substrate enantioselectivity in plant EHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Bhoite
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Neeraj K Gaur
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Megha Palange
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Vidya Gupta
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune- 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Characterization reveals a putative Epoxide hydrolase from Yarrowia lipolytica with the ability to convert rac-1,2-epoxyhexane to (R)-diol. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
3
|
Onur H, Tülek A, Yildirim D, Aslan ES, Binay B. A new highly enantioselective stable epoxide hydrolase from Hypsibius dujardini: Expression in Pichia pastoris and immobilization in ZIF-8 for asymmetric hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Stojanovski G, Dobrijevic D, Hailes HC, Ward JM. Identification and catalytic properties of new epoxide hydrolases from the genomic data of soil bacteria. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109592. [PMID: 32732040 PMCID: PMC7429986 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) catalyse the conversion of epoxides into vicinal diols. These enzymes have extensive value in biocatalysis as they can generate enantiopure epoxides and diols which are important and versatile synthetic intermediates for the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Despite these benefits, they have seen limited use in the bioindustry and novel EHs continue to be reported in the literature. We identified twenty-nine putative EHs within the genomes of soil bacteria. Eight of these EHs were explored in terms of their activity. Two limonene epoxide hydrolases (LEHs) and one ⍺/β EH were active on a model compound styrene oxide and its ring-substituted derivatives, with low to good percentage conversions of 18-86%. Further exploration of the substrate scope with enantiopure (R)-styrene oxide and (S)-styrene oxide, showed different epoxide ring opening regioselectivities. Two enzymes, expressed from plasmids pQR1984 and pQR1990 de-symmetrised the meso-epoxide cyclohexene oxide, forming the (R,R)-diol with high enantioselectivity. Two LEHs, from plasmids pQR1980 and pQR1982 catalysed the hydrolysis of (+) and (-) limonene oxide, with diastereomeric preference for the (1S,2S,4R)- and (1R,2R,4S)-diol products, respectively. The enzyme from plasmid pQR1982 had a good substrate scope for a LEH, being active towards styrene oxide, its analogues, cyclohexene oxide and 1,2-epoxyhexane in addition to (±)-limonene oxide. The enzymes from plasmids pQR1982 and pQR1984 had good substrate scopes and their enzymatic properties were characterised with respect to styrene oxide. They had comparable temperature optima and pQR1984 had 70% activity in the presence of 40% of the green solvent MeOH, a useful property for bio-industrial applications. Overall, this study has provided novel EHs with potential value in industrial biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorjan Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kozłowska E, Matera A, Sycz J, Kancelista A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Janeczko T. New 6,19-oxidoandrostan derivatives obtained by biotransformation in environmental filamentous fungi cultures. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:37. [PMID: 32066453 PMCID: PMC7026961 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid compounds with a 6,19-oxirane bridge possess interesting biological activities including anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria and selective anti-glucocorticoid action, while lacking mineralocorticoid and progestagen activity. Results The study aimed to obtain new derivatives of 3β-acetyloxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one by microbial transformation. Twelve filamentous fungal strains were used as catalysts, including entomopathogenic strains with specific activity in the transformation of steroid compounds. All selected strains were characterised by high biotransformation capacity for steroid compounds. However, high substrate conversions were obtained in the cultures of 8 strains: Beauveria bassiana KCh BBT, Beauveria caledonica KCh J3.4, Penicillium commune KCh W7, Penicillium chrysogenum KCh S4, Mucor hiemalis KCh W2, Fusarium acuminatum KCh S1, Trichoderma atroviride KCh TRW and Isaria farinosa KCh KW1.1. Based on gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, it was found that almost all strains hydrolysed the ester bond of the acetyl group. The strain M. hiemalis KCh W2 reduced the carbonyl group additionally. From the P. commune KCh W7 and P. chrysogenum KCh S4 strain cultures a product of D-ring Baeyer–Villiger oxidation was isolated, whereas from the culture of B. bassiana KCh BBT a product of hydroxylation at the 11α position and oxidation of the D ring was obtained. Three 11α-hydroxy derivatives were obtained in the culture of I. farinosa KCh KW1.1: 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,11α,19-trihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one and 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17,19-dione. They are a result of consecutive reactions of hydrolysis of the acetyl group at C-3, 11α- hydroxylation, then hydroxylation at C-19 and its further oxidation to lactone. Conclusions As a result of the biotransformations, seven steroid derivatives, not previously described in the literature, were obtained: 3β-hydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-6,19-oxidoandrostane, 3β-hydroxy-5α-chloro-17α-oxa-D-homo-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one, 3β,11α-dihydroxy-5α-chloro-17α-oxa-D-homo-6,19-oxidoandrostan-17-one and the three above–mentioned 11α-hydroxy derivatives. This study will allow a better understanding and characterisation of the catalytic abilities of individual microorganisms, which is crucial for more accurate planning of experiments and achieving more predictable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agata Matera
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jordan Sycz
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kancelista
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saenz-Méndez P, Katz A, Pérez-Kempner ML, Ventura ON, Vázquez M. Structural insights into human microsomal epoxide hydrolase by combined homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular docking calculations. Proteins 2017; 85:720-730. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saenz-Méndez
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group; Facultad de Química; UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614 Montevideo 11800 Uruguay
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg; Göteborg 405 30 Sweden
| | - Aline Katz
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group; Facultad de Química; UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614 Montevideo 11800 Uruguay
| | - María Lucía Pérez-Kempner
- Pharmaceutical Science Department; Facultad de Química; UdelaR, General Flores 2124 Montevideo 11800 Uruguay
| | - Oscar N. Ventura
- Computational Chemistry and Biology Group; Facultad de Química; UdelaR, Isidoro de María 1614 Montevideo 11800 Uruguay
| | - Marta Vázquez
- Pharmaceutical Science Department; Facultad de Química; UdelaR, General Flores 2124 Montevideo 11800 Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Oliveira GS, Adriani PP, Borges FG, Lopes AR, Campana PT, Chambergo FS. Epoxide hydrolase of Trichoderma reesei: Biochemical properties and conformational characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:569-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Sun P, Leeson C, Zhi X, Leng F, Pierce RH, Henry MS, Rein KS. Characterization of an epoxide hydrolase from the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:11-21. [PMID: 26626160 PMCID: PMC4724521 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases (EH, EC 3.3.2.3) have been proposed to be key enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyether (PE) ladder compounds such as the brevetoxins which are produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. These enzymes have the potential to catalyze kinetically disfavored endo-tet cyclization reactions. Data mining of K. brevis transcriptome libraries revealed two classes of epoxide hydrolases: microsomal and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolases. A microsomal EH was cloned and expressed for characterization. The enzyme is a monomeric protein with molecular weight 44kDa. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using a variety of epoxide substrates to assess substrate selectivity and enantioselectivity, as well as its potential to catalyze the critical endo-tet cyclization of epoxy alcohols. Monitoring of EH activity in high and low toxin producing cultures of K. brevis over a three week period showed consistently higher activity in the high toxin producing culture implicating the involvement of one or more EH in brevetoxin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Cristian Leeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Xiaoduo Zhi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Richard H Pierce
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
| | - Michael S Henry
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
| | - Kathleen S Rein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure epichlorohydrin is a key chiral synthon in the preparation of 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate, pheromones,l-carnitine, and β-adrenergic blockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Xi Jin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics
- Zhejiang Ocean University
- Zhoushan 316022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun OuYang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics
- Zhejiang Ocean University
- Zhoushan 316022
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Reetz MT. Laboratory evolution of stereoselective enzymes as a means to expand the toolbox of organic chemists. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
12
|
Enantioselective hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin using whole Aspergillus niger ZJB-09173 cells in organic solvents. J Biosci 2012; 37:695-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Jin HX, Hu ZC, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Nitrite-mediated synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin using halohydrin dehalogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:170-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Reetz MT. Gerichtete Evolution stereoselektiver Enzyme: Eine ergiebige Katalysator‐Quelle für asymmetrische Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reetz MT. Laboratory Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes: A Prolific Source of Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:138-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reetz MT, Bocola M, Wang LW, Sanchis J, Cronin A, Arand M, Zou J, Archelas A, Bottalla AL, Naworyta A, Mowbray SL. Directed evolution of an enantioselective epoxide hydrolase: uncovering the source of enantioselectivity at each evolutionary stage. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7334-43. [PMID: 19469578 DOI: 10.1021/ja809673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of enzymes as enantioselective catalysts in organic chemistry is an alternative to traditional asymmetric catalysis using chiral transition-metal complexes or organocatalysts, the different approaches often being complementary. Moreover, directed evolution studies allow us to learn more about how enzymes perform mechanistically. The present study concerns a previously evolved highly enantioselective mutant of the epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of racemic glycidyl phenyl ether. Kinetic data, molecular dynamics calculations, molecular modeling, inhibition experiments, and X-ray structural work for the wild-type (WT) enzyme and the best mutant reveal the basis of the large increase in enantioselectivity (E = 4.6 versus E = 115). The overall structures of the WT and the mutant are essentially identical, but dramatic differences are observed in the active site as revealed by the X-ray structures. All of the experimental and computational results support a model in which productive positioning of the preferred (S)-glycidyl phenyl ether, but not the (R)-enantiomer, forms the basis of enhanced enantioselectivity. Predictions regarding substrate scope and enantioselectivity of the best mutant are shown to be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mulheim/Ruhr, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cedrone F, Niel S, Roca S, Bhatnagar T, Ait-abdelkader N, Torre C, Krumm H, Maichele A, T. Reetz M, C. Baratti J. Directed Evolution of the Epoxide Hydrolase fromAspergillus niger. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/102420310001630137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Naundorf A, Melzer G, Archelas A, Furstoss R, Wohlgemuth R. Influence of pH on the expression of a recombinant epoxide hydrolase in Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:756-65. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Reetz MT, Kahakeaw D, Lohmer R. Addressing the Numbers Problem in Directed Evolution. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1797-804. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Gerry Brooks and epoxide hydrolases: four decades to a pharmaceutical. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2008; 64:594-609. [PMID: 18383502 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering work of Gerry Brooks on cyclodiene insecticides led to the discovery of a class of enzymes known as epoxide hydrolases. The results from four decades of work confirm Brooks' first observations that the microsomal epoxide hydrolase is important in foreign compound metabolism. Brooks and associates went on to be the first to carry out a systematic study of the inhibition of this enzyme. A second role for this enzyme family was in the degradation of insect juvenile hormone (JH). JH epoxide hydrolases have now been cloned and expressed from several species, and there is interest in developing inhibitors for them. Interestingly, the distantly related mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase has emerged as a promising pharmacological target for treating hypertension, inflammatory disease and pain. Tight-binding transition-state inhibitors were developed with good ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion). These compounds stabilize endogenous epoxides of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, which have profound therapeutic effects. Now EHs from microorganisms and plants are used in green chemistry. From his seminal work, Dr Brooks opened the field of epoxide hydrolase research in many directions including xenobiotic metabolism, insect physiology and human health, as well as asymmetric organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and UCD, Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Production of epoxide hydrolases in batch fermentations of Botryosphaeria rhodina. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:485-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Aspergillus niger metabolism of citrus furanocoumarin inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 78:343-9. [PMID: 18183388 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungi metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a number of detoxification processes, including the formation of sulfated and glycosidated conjugates. A class of aromatic compounds in grapefruit is the furanocoumarins (FCs), and their metabolism in humans is centrally involved in the "grapefruit/drug interactions." Thus far, the metabolism by fungi of the major FCs in grapefruit, including 6', 7'-epoxybergamottin (EB), 6', 7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), and bergamottin (BM), has received little attention. In this study, Aspergillus niger was observed to convert EB into DHB and a novel water-soluble metabolite (WSM). Bergaptol (BT) and BM were also metabolized by A. niger to the WSM, which was identified as BT-5-sulfate using mass spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, chemical hydrolysis, and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Similarly, the fungus had a capability of metabolizing xanthotoxol (XT), a structural isomer of BT, to a sulfated analog of BT-5-sulfate, presumably XT-8-sulfate. A possible enzyme-catalyzed pathway for the grapefruit FC metabolism involving the cleavage of the geranyl group and the addition of a sulfate group is proposed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu S, Shen J, Zhou X, Chen J. A novel enantioselective epoxide hydrolase for (R)-phenyl glycidyl ether to generate (R)-3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1281-7. [PMID: 17710393 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. Z018, a novel strain producing epoxide hydrolase, was isolated from soil. The epoxide hydrolase catalyzed the stereospecific hydrolysis of (R)-phenyl glycidyl ether to generate (R)-3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol. Epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus sp. Z018 was inducible, and (R)-phenyl glycidyl ether was able to act as an inducer. The fermentation conditions for epoxide hydrolase were 35 degrees C, pH 7.5 with glucose and NH(4)Cl as the best carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the biotransformation yield of 45.8% and the enantiomeric excess of 96.3% were obtained for the product (R)-3-phenoxy-1,2-propanediol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Wu S, Wang J, Yang L, Sun W. Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of a novel epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger SQ-6. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 53:239-46. [PMID: 17317214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger SQ-6 has now been cloned by inverse PCR. Its gene shows eight exons including a non-coding exon at its 5'-terminal (GenBank Accession No. AY966486). Phylogenetic analysis using deduced amino acid sequence (395 aa) confirms it as an epoxide hydrolase and shares 58.3% identity with that of A. niger LCP521 (GenBank Accession No. AF238460). The predicted catalytic triad is composed of Asp(191), His(369) and Glu(343). Active recombinant epoxide hydrolase has been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as protein fusions with a poly-His tail. Scale-up fermentation can yield 2.5g/L of recombinant protein. The electrophoretic pure recombinant protein, which shows similar characterization as natural enzyme purified from A. niger SQ-6, can be easily purified by Ni(2+)-chelated affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. Optimal pH and temperature for purified enzyme are pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The K(m), k(cat) and maximal velocity (V(max)) for p-nitrostyrene oxide are determined to be 1.02mM, 172s(-1) and 231micromol min(-1)mg(-1), respectively. The enzyme can be inhibited by oxidant (H(2)O(2)), solvent (Tetrahydrofuran) and several metal ions including Hg(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+). This (R)-stereospecific epoxide hydrolase exhibits high enantioselectivity (enantiomeric excess value, 99%) for the less hindered carbon atom of epoxide. It may be an industrial biocatalyst for the preparation of enantiopure epoxides or vicinal diols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bottalla AL, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Santelli M, Furstoss R, Archelas A. Epoxide Hydrolase-Catalysed Kinetic Resolution of a Spiroepoxide, a Key Building Block of Various 11-Heterosteroids. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Liu Z, Li Y, Ping L, Xu Y, Cui F, Xue Y, Zheng Y. Isolation and identification of a novel Rhodococcus sp. ML-0004 producing epoxide hydrolase and optimization of enzyme production. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Liu Z, Li Y, Xu Y, Ping L, Zheng Y. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a novel epoxide hydrolase gene from Rhodococcus opacus in Escherichia coli and characterization of enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 74:99-106. [PMID: 17043819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An epoxide hydrolase gene of about 0.8 kb was cloned from Rhodococcus opacus ML-0004, and the open reading frame (ORF) sequence predicted a protein of 253 amino acids with a molecular mass of about 28 kDa. An expression plasmid carrying the gene under the control of the tac promotor was introduced into Escherichia coli, and the epoxide hydrolase gene was successfully expressed in the recombinant strains. Some characteristics of purified recombinant epoxide hydrolase were also studied. Epoxide hydrolase showed a high stereospecificity for L: (+)-tartaric acid, but not for D: (+)-tartaric acid. The epoxide hydrolase activity could be assayed at the pH ranging from 3.5 to 10.0, and its maximum activity was obtained between pH 7.0 and 7.5. The enzyme was sensitive to heat, decreasing slowly between 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C, and significantly at 45 degrees C. The enzyme activity was activated by Ca(2+) and Fe(2+), while strongly inhibited by Ag(+) and Hg(+), and slightly inhibited by Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ba(2+), Ni(+), EDTA-Na(2) and fumarate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hwang S, Hyun H, Lee B, Park Y, Lee EY, Choi C. Purification and characterization of a recombinantCaulobacter crescentus epoxide hydrolase. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03026241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
Properties of epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger for the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides in pure organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Xu W, Xu JH, Pan J, Gu Q, Wu XY. Enantioconvergent Hydrolysis of Styrene Epoxides by Newly Discovered Epoxide Hydrolases in Mung Bean. Org Lett 2006; 8:1737-40. [PMID: 16597154 DOI: 10.1021/ol060407u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Two novel epoxide hydrolases were discovered in mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) for the first time, either of which can catalyze enantioconvergent hydrolysis of styrene epoxides. Their regioselectivity coefficients are more than 90% for the p-nitrostyrene oxide. Furthermore, the crude mung bean powder was also shown to be a cheap and practical biocatalyst, allowing a one-step asymmetric synthesis of chiral (R)-diols from racemic epoxides, in up to >99% ee and 68.7% overall yield (after recrystallization).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Reetz MT, Wang LW, Bocola M. Directed Evolution of Enantioselective Enzymes: Iterative Cycles of CASTing for Probing Protein-Sequence Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
32
|
Reetz MT, Wang LW, Bocola M. Directed Evolution of Enantioselective Enzymes: Iterative Cycles of CASTing for Probing Protein-Sequence Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1236-41. [PMID: 16411254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kotik M, Kyslík P. Purification and characterisation of a novel enantioselective epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger M200. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:245-52. [PMID: 16343776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purification of a novel enantioselective epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger M200 has been achieved using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ionic exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and size-exclusion chromatography, in conjunction with two additional chromatographic steps employing hydroxylapatite, and Mimetic Green. The enzyme was purified 186-fold with a yield of 15%. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 77 kDa under native conditions and 40 kDa under denaturing conditions, implying a dimeric structure of the native enzyme. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be 4.0 by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. The enzyme has a broad substrate specificity with highest specificities towards tert-butyl glycidyl ether, para-nitrostyrene oxide, benzyl glycidyl ether, and styrene oxide. Enantiomeric ratios of 30 to more than 100 were determined for the hydrolysis reactions of 4 epoxidic substrates using the purified enzyme at a reaction temperature of 10 degrees C. Product inhibition studies suggest that the enzyme is able to differentiate to a high degree between the (R)-diol and (S)-diol product of the hydrolysis reaction with tert-butyl glycidyl ether as the substrate. The highest activity of the enzyme was at 42 degrees C and a pH of 6.8. Six peptide sequences, which were obtained by cleavage of the purified enzyme with trypsin and mass spectrometry analysis of the tryptic peptides, show high similarity with corresponding sequences originated from the epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger LCP 521.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kotik
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Sha Q, Wu S, Wang J, Yang L, Sun W. Enzymatic resolution of racemic phenyloxirane by a novel epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger SQ-6 and its fed-batch fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 33:274-82. [PMID: 16320035 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A microorganism with the ability to catalyze the resolution of racemic phenyloxirane was isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger SQ-6. Chiral capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied to separate both phenyloxirane and phenylethanediol. The epoxide hydrolase (EH) involved in this resolution process was (R)-stereospecific and constitutively expressed. When whole cells were used during the biotransformation process, the optimum temperature and pH for stereospecific vicinal diol production were 35 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. After a 24-h conversion, the enantiomer excess of (R)-phenylethanediol produced was found to be >99%, with a conversion rate of 56%. In fed-batch fermentations at 30 degrees C for 44 h, glycerol (20 g L(-1)) and corn steep liquor (CSL) (30 g L(-1)) were chosen as the best initial carbon and nitrogen sources, and EH production was markedly improved by pulsed feeding of sucrose (2 g L(-1) h(-1)) and continuous feeding of CSL (1 g L(-1) h(-1)) at a fermentation time of 28 h. After optimization, the maximum dry cell weight achieved was 24.5+/-0.8 g L(-1); maximum EH production was 351.2+/-13.1 U L(-1) with a specific activity of 14.3+/-0.5 U g(-1). Partially purified EH exhibited a temperature optimum at 37 degrees C and pH optimum at 7.5 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. This study presents the first evidence for the existence of a predicted epoxide racemase, which might be important in the synthesis of epoxide intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beiyitiao 13, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kotik M, Brichac J, Kyslík P. Novel microbial epoxide hydrolases for biohydrolysis of glycidyl derivatives. J Biotechnol 2005; 120:364-75. [PMID: 16061300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial isolates from biofilters and petroleum-polluted bioremediation sites were screened for the presence of enantioselective epoxide hydrolases active towards tert-butyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, and allyl glycidyl ether. Out of 270 isolated strains, which comprised bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, four were selected based on the enantioselectivities of their epoxide hydrolases determined in biotransformation reactions. The enzyme of Aspergillus niger M200 preferentially hydrolyses (S)-tert-butyl glycidyl ether to (S)-3-tert-butoxy-1,2-propanediol with a relatively high enantioselectivity (the enantiomeric ratio E is about 30 at a reaction temperature of 28 degrees C). Epoxide hydrolases of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa M002 and Rhodococcus fascians M022 hydrolyse benzyl glycidyl ether with relatively low enantioselectivities, the former reacting predominantly with the (S)-enantiomer, the latter preferring the (R)-enantiomer. Enzymatic hydrolysis of allyl glycidyl ether by Cryptococcus laurentii M001 proceeds with low enantioselectivity (E=3). (R)-tert-Butyl glycidyl ether with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of over 99%, and (S)-3-tert-butoxy-1,2-propanediol with an ee-value of 86% have been prepared on a gram-scale using whole cells of A. niger M200. An enantiomeric ratio of approximately 100 has been determined under optimised biotransformation conditions with the partially purified epoxide hydrolase from A. niger M200. The regioselectivity of this enzyme was determined to be total for both (S)-tert-butyl glycidyl ether and (R)-tert-butyl glycidyl ether.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kotik
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao L, Han B, Huang Z, Miller M, Huang H, Malashock DS, Zhu Z, Milan A, Robertson DE, Weiner DP, Burk MJ. Epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of chiral 1,2-diols via desymmetrization of meso-epoxides. lzhao@diversa.com. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:11156-7. [PMID: 15355089 DOI: 10.1021/ja0466210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, from nature, of a diverse set of microbial epoxide hydrolases is reported. The utility of a library of epoxide hydrolases in the synthesis of chiral 1,2-diols via desymmetrization of a wide range of meso-epoxides, including cyclic as well as acyclic alkyl- and aryl-substituted substrates, is demonstrated. The chiral (R,R)-diols were furnished with high ee's and yields. The discovery of the first microbial epoxide hydrolases providing access to complementary (S,S)-diols is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhao
- Diversa Corporation, 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Petri A, Marconcini P, Salvadori P. Efficient immobilization of epoxide hydrolase onto silica gel and use in the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic para-nitrostyrene oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Karboune S, Archelas A, Furstoss R, Baratti J. Immobilization of epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger onto DEAE-cellulose: enzymatic properties and application for the enantioselective resolution of a racemic epoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases are useful catalysts for the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides, which are sought after intermediates for the synthesis of enantiopure fine chemicals. The epoxide hydrolases from Aspergillus niger and from the basidiomycetous yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodosporidium toruloides have demonstrated potential as versatile, user friendly biocatalysts for organic synthesis. A recombinant A. niger epoxide hydrolase, produced by an overproducing A. niger strain, is already commercially available and recombinant yeast epoxide hydrolases expressed in Escherichia coli have shown excellent results. Within the vast body of activity information on the one hand and gene sequence information on the other hand, the epoxide hydrolases from the Rhodotorula spp. and A. niger stand out because we have sequence information as well as activity information for both the wild-type and recombinant forms of these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Smit
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Arand M, Cronin A, Oesch F, Mowbray SL, Jones TA. The Telltale Structures of Epoxide Hydrolases. Drug Metab Rev 2003; 35:365-83. [PMID: 14705866 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-120026498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, epoxide hydrolases (EH) have been regarded as xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes implicated in the detoxification of foreign compounds. They are known to play a key role in the control of potentially genotoxic epoxides that arise during metabolism of many lipophilic compounds. Although this is apparently the main function for the mammalian microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), evidence is now accumulating that the mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), despite its proven role in xenobiotic metabolism, also has a central role in the formation and breakdown of physiological signaling molecules. In addition, a certain class of microbial epoxide hydrolases has recently been identified that is an integral part of a catabolic pathway, allowing the use of specific terpens as sole carbon sources. The recently available x-ray structures of a number of EHs mirror their respective functions: the microbial terpen EH differs in its fold from the canonical alpha/beta hydrolase fold of the xenobiotic-metabolizing mammalian EHs. It appears that the latter fold is the perfect solution for the efficient detoxification of a large variety of structurally different epoxides by a single enzyme, whereas the smaller microbial EH, which has a particularly high turnover number with its prefered substrate, seems to be the better solution for the hydrolysis of one specific substrate. The structure of the sEH also includes an additional catalytic domain that has recently been shown to possess phosphatase activity. Although the physiological substrate for this second active site has not been identified so far, the majority of known phosphatases are involved in signaling processes, suggesting that the sEH phosphatase domain also has a role in the regulation of physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Genzel Y, Archelas A, Broxterman Q, Schulze B, Furstoss R. Microbiological transformations 50: selection of epoxide hydrolases for enzymatic resolution of 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyloxirane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(01)00064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Bhatnagar T, Manoj KM, Baratti JC. A spectrophotometric method to assay epoxide hydrolase activity. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 50:1-13. [PMID: 11714507 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase activity was assayed by spectrophotometric using (rac) p-nitrostryrene oxide (pNSO) as substrate. Both the substrate (pNSO) and the reaction product, p-nitrostryrene diol (pNSD), had a strong absorbance in UV at 280 nm. The assay was based on the measure of the pNSD absorbance of the water phase after extraction of the non-reacted pNSO with a solvent. Among the five solvents tested, chloroform was selected since it extracted more than 99% of the epoxide and only 32% of the produced diol. This extraction yield was independent of the diol and epoxide concentrations and it was fairly reproducible. Using different enzyme amounts, the reaction kinetics were linear for the first 10 min corresponding to degrees of conversion less than 5% for the epoxide. Two controls were run simultaneously, one with the substrate alone (epoxide hydrolysis and non-complete extraction) and one with the enzyme alone (enzyme absorbance at 280 nm). The resulting DeltaOD/min was linear with the amount of enzyme added within a large range from 2 to 80 microg of the EH preparation. The new spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the previous HPLC assay and could be used routinely for an easy and fast evaluation of EH activity. The kinetic parameters of (rac) pNSO hydrolysis by A. niger epoxide hydrolase could be easily determined and K(M) (1.1 mM) compared well with that previously reported (1.0 mM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Bhatnagar
- Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, case 901, 13288 cedex 9, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kronenburg NA, de Bont JA, Fischer L. Improvement of enantioselectivity by immobilized imprinting of epoxide hydrolase from Rhodotorula glutinis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(01)00055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolases from microbial sources are highly versatile biocatalysts for the asymmetric hydrolysis of epoxides on a preparative scale. Besides kinetic resolution, which furnishes the corresponding vicinal diol and remaining non-hydrolysed epoxide in nonracemic form, enantioconvergent processes are possible: these are highly attractive as they lead to the formation of a single enantiomeric diol from a racemic oxirane. The data accumulated over recent years reveal a common picture of the substrate structure selectivity pattern of microbial epoxide hydrolases and indicate that substrates of various structural types can be selectively hydrolysed with enzymes from certain microbial sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Steinreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bio-organic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
There have been several recent advances in the area of biocatalysed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides using 'newly discovered' enzymes (i.e. epoxide hydrolases). These biocatalysts, two of which will become commercially available in the near future, appear to be highly promising tools for fine organic synthesis, as they enable the preparation of various epoxides and/or their corresponding diols in enantiopure form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Archelas
- Groupe Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, UMR CNRS 6111, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Manoj K, Archelas A, Baratti J, Furstoss R. Microbiological transformations. Part 45: A green chemistry preparative scale synthesis of enantiopure building blocks of Eliprodil: elaboration of a high substrate concentration epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution process. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Genzel Y, Archelas A, Broxterman Q, Schulze B, Furstoss R. Microbiological transformations. Part 46: Preparation of enantiopure (S)-2-pyridyloxirane via epoxide hydrolase-catalysed kinetic resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
49
|
Zou J, Hallberg BM, Bergfors T, Oesch F, Arand M, Mowbray SL, Jones TA. Structure of Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase at 1.8 A resolution: implications for the structure and function of the mammalian microsomal class of epoxide hydrolases. Structure 2000; 8:111-22. [PMID: 10673439 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epoxide hydrolases have important roles in the defense of cells against potentially harmful epoxides. Conversion of epoxides into less toxic and more easily excreted diols is a universally successful strategy. A number of microorganisms employ the same chemistry to process epoxides for use as carbon sources. RESULTS The X-ray structure of the epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger was determined at 3.5 A resolution using the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method, and then refined at 1.8 A resolution. There is a dimer consisting of two 44 kDa subunits in the asymmetric unit. Each subunit consists of an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, and a primarily helical lid over the active site. The dimer interface includes lid-lid interactions as well as contributions from an N-terminal meander. The active site contains a classical catalytic triad, and two tyrosines and a glutamic acid residue that are likely to assist in catalysis. CONCLUSIONS The Aspergillus enzyme provides the first structure of an epoxide hydrolase with strong relationships to the most important enzyme of human epoxide metabolism, the microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Differences in active-site residues, especially in components that assist in epoxide ring opening and hydrolysis of the enzyme-substrate intermediate, might explain why the fungal enzyme attains the greater speeds necessary for an effective metabolic enzyme. The N-terminal domain that is characteristic of microsomal epoxide hydrolases corresponds to a meander that is critical for dimer formation in the Aspergillus enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 596, Uppsala, S-751 24, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arand M, Hemmer H, Dürk H, Baratti J, Archelas A, Furstoss R, Oesch F. Cloning and molecular characterization of a soluble epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger that is related to mammalian microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Biochem J 1999; 344 Pt 1:273-80. [PMID: 10548561 PMCID: PMC1220641 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3440273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger strain LCP521 harbours a highly processive epoxide hydrolase (EH) that is of particular interest for the enantioselective bio-organic synthesis of fine chemicals. In the present work, we report the isolation of the gene and cDNA for this EH by use of inverse PCR. The gene is composed of nine exons, the first of which is apparently non-coding. The deduced protein of the A. niger EH shares significant sequence similarity with the mammalian microsomal EHs (mEH). In contrast to these, however, the protein from A. niger lacks the common N-terminal membrane anchor, in line with the fact that this enzyme is, indeed, soluble in its native environment. Recombinant expression of the isolated cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded a fully active EH with similar characteristics to the fungal enzyme. Sequence comparison with mammalian EHs suggested that Asp(192), Asp(348) and His(374) constituted the catalytic triad of the fungal EH. This was subsequently substantiated by the analysis of respective mutants constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The presence of an aspartic acid residue in the charge-relay system of the A. niger enzyme, in contrast to a glutamic acid residue in the respective position of all mEHs analysed to date, may be one important contributor to the exceptionally high turnover number of the fungal enzyme when compared with its mammalian relatives. Recombinant expression of the enzyme in E. coli offers a versatile tool for the bio-organic chemist for the chiral synthesis of a variety of fine chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Arand
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|