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Mani J, Meisinger C, Schneider A. Peeping at TOMs-Diverse Entry Gates to Mitochondria Provide Insights into the Evolution of Eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:337-51. [PMID: 26474847 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for eukaryotic life and more than 95% of their proteins are imported as precursors from the cytosol. The targeting signals for this posttranslational import are conserved in all eukaryotes. However, this conservation does not hold true for the protein translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane that serves as entry gate for essentially all precursor proteins. Only two of its subunits, Tom40 and Tom22, are conserved and thus likely were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Tom7 is found in representatives of all supergroups except the Excavates. This suggests that it was added to the core of the translocase after the Excavates segregated from all other eukaryotes. A comparative analysis of the biochemically and functionally characterized outer membrane translocases of yeast, plants, and trypanosomes, which represent three eukaryotic supergroups, shows that the receptors that recognize the conserved import signals differ strongly between the different systems. They present a remarkable example of convergent evolution at the molecular level. The structural diversity of the functionally conserved import receptors therefore provides insight into the early evolutionary history of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Peña-Diaz P, Pelosi L, Ebikeme C, Colasante C, Gao F, Bringaud F, Voncken F. Functional characterization of TbMCP5, a conserved and essential ADP/ATP carrier present in the mitochondrion of the human pathogen Trypanosoma brucei. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41861-74. [PMID: 23074217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.404699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite of medical and veterinary importance. Its digenetic life cycle alternates between the bloodstream form in the mammalian host and the procyclic form (PCF) in the bloodsucking insect vector, the tsetse fly. PCF trypanosomes rely in the glucose-depleted environment of the insect vector primarily on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of proline for their cellular ATP provision. We previously identified two T. brucei mitochondrial carrier family proteins, TbMCP5 and TbMCP15, with significant sequence similarity to functionally characterized ADP/ATP carriers from other eukaryotes. Comprehensive sequence analysis confirmed that TbMCP5 contains canonical ADP/ATP carrier sequence features, whereas they are not conserved in TbMCP15. Heterologous expression in the ANC-deficient yeast strain JL1Δ2Δ3u(-) revealed that only TbMCP5 was able to restore its growth on the non-fermentable carbon source lactate. Transport studies in yeast mitochondria showed that TbMCP5 has biochemical properties and ADP/ATP exchange kinetics similar to those of Anc2p, the prototypical ADP/ATP carrier of S. cerevisiae. Immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis confirmed that TbMCP5 is exclusively mitochondrial and is differentially expressed with 4.5-fold more TbMCP5 in the procyclic form of the parasite. Silencing of TbMCP5 expression in PCF T. brucei revealed that this ADP/ATP carrier is essential for parasite growth, particularly when depending on proline for energy generation. Moreover, ADP/ATP exchange in isolated T. brucei mitochondria was eliminated upon TbMCP5 depletion. These results confirmed that TbMCP5 functions as the main ADP/ATP carrier in the trypanosome mitochondrion. The important role of TbMCP5 in the T. brucei energy metabolism is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Peña-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences and Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX Hull, United Kingdom
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Heinicke S, Livstone MS, Lu C, Oughtred R, Kang F, Angiuoli SV, White O, Botstein D, Dolinski K. The Princeton Protein Orthology Database (P-POD): a comparative genomics analysis tool for biologists. PLoS One 2007; 2:e766. [PMID: 17712414 PMCID: PMC1942082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological databases that provide comparative genomics information and tools are now available on the internet. While certainly quite useful, to our knowledge none of the existing databases combine results from multiple comparative genomics methods with manually curated information from the literature. Here we describe the Princeton Protein Orthology Database (P-POD, http://ortholog.princeton.edu), a user-friendly database system that allows users to find and visualize the phylogenetic relationships among predicted orthologs (based on the OrthoMCL method) to a query gene from any of eight eukaryotic organisms, and to see the orthologs in a wider evolutionary context (based on the Jaccard clustering method). In addition to the phylogenetic information, the database contains experimental results manually collected from the literature that can be compared to the computational analyses, as well as links to relevant human disease and gene information via the OMIM, model organism, and sequence databases. Our aim is for the P-POD resource to be extremely useful to typical experimental biologists wanting to learn more about the evolutionary context of their favorite genes. P-POD is based on the commonly used Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) schema and can be downloaded in its entirety for installation on one's own system. Thus, bioinformaticians and software developers may also find P-POD useful because they can use the P-POD database infrastructure when developing their own comparative genomics resources and database tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heinicke
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Livstone
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Charles Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rose Oughtred
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Fan Kang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Samuel V. Angiuoli
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Owen White
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Botstein
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kara Dolinski
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Tiên Nguyên-nhu N, Knoops B. Mitochondrial and cytosolic expression of human peroxiredoxin 5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protect yeast cells from oxidative stress induced by paraquat. FEBS Lett 2003; 544:148-52. [PMID: 12782306 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human peroxiredoxin 5 is a recently discovered mitochondrial, peroxisomal and cytosolic thioredoxin peroxidase able to reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. To gain insight into peroxiredoxin 5 antioxidant role in cell protection, we investigated the resistance of yeast cells expressing human peroxiredoxin 5 in mitochondria or in the cytosol against oxidative stress induced by paraquat. The herbicide paraquat is a redox active drug known to generate superoxide anions in mitochondria and the cytosol of yeast and mammalian cells leading to the formation of several reactive oxygen species. Here, we report that mitochondrial and cytosolic human peroxiredoxin 5 protect yeast cells from cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Tiên Nguyên-nhu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, ISV, Department of Biology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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De Marcos Lousa C, Trézéguet V, Dianoux AC, Brandolin G, Lauquin GJM. The human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers: kinetic properties and biogenesis of wild-type and mutant proteins in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Biochemistry 2002; 41:14412-20. [PMID: 12450408 DOI: 10.1021/bi0261490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide carrier, or Ancp, plays a key role in the maintenance of the energetic fluxes in eukaryotic cells. Human disorders have been found associated to unusual human ANC gene (HANC) expression but also to direct inactivation of the protein, either by autoantibody binding or by mutation. However, the individual biochemical properties of the three HAncp isoforms have not yet been deciphered. To do so, the three HANC ORF were expressed in yeast under the control of the regulatory sequences of ScANC2. Each of the three HANC was able to restore growth on a nonfermentable carbon source of a yeast mutant strain lacking its three endogenous ANC. Their ADP/ATP exchange properties could then be measured for the first time in isolated mitochondria. HANC3 was the most efficient to restore yeast growth, and HAnc3p presented the highest V(M) (80 nmol ADP min(-1) mg protein(-1)) and K(ADP)(M)(8.4 microM). HAnc1p and HAnc2p presented similar kinetic constants (V(M) approximately 30-40 nmol ADP min(-(1) mg protein(-1) and K(ADP)(M) approximately 2.5-3.7 microM), whose values were consistent with HANC1's and HANC2's lower capacity to restore yeast growth. However, the HANC genes restored growth at a lower level than ScANC2, indicating that HAncp amount may be limiting in vivo. To optimize the HAncp production, we investigated their biogenesis into mitochondria by mutagenesis of two charged amino acids in the N-terminus of HAnc1p. Severe effects were observed with the D3A and D3K mutations that precluded yeast growth. On the contrary, the K10A mutation increased yeast growth complementation and nucleotide exchange rate as compared to the wild type. These results point to the importance of the N-terminal region of HAnc1p for its biogenesis and transport activity in yeast mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine De Marcos Lousa
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Joseph-Horne T, Hollomon DW, Wood PM. Fungal respiration: a fusion of standard and alternative components. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1504:179-95. [PMID: 11245784 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In animals, electron transfer from NADH to molecular oxygen proceeds via large respiratory complexes in a linear respiratory chain. In contrast, most fungi utilise branched respiratory chains. These consist of alternative NADH dehydrogenases, which catalyse rotenone insensitive oxidation of matrix NADH or enable cytoplasmic NADH to be used directly. Many also contain an alternative oxidase that probably accepts electrons directly from ubiquinol. A few fungi lack Complex I. Although the alternative components are non-energy conserving, their organisation within the fungal electron transfer chain ensures that the transfer of electrons from NADH to molecular oxygen is generally coupled to proton translocation through at least one site. The alternative oxidase enables respiration to continue in the presence of inhibitors for ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase. This may be particularly important for fungal pathogens, since host defence mechanisms often involve nitric oxide, which, whilst being a potent inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, has no inhibitory effect on alternative oxidase. Alternative NADH dehydrogenases may avoid the active oxygen production associated with Complex I. The expression and activity regulation of alternative components responds to factors ranging from oxidative stress to the stage of fungal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joseph-Horne
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
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