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Silvestre-Ferreira A, Pastor J. Wild Felids Blood Group System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3533. [PMID: 34944308 PMCID: PMC8698159 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild felids and domestic cats share the AB blood group. However, there have been few studies regarding the characterization and prevalence of the different blood types in wild animals. The erythrocyte membrane glycolipids of the wild cats correspond to the major disialoganglioside patterns observed in domestic cats. Like in domestic cats, type A blood seems to be the most common, although wild felid species seem to exhibit one single blood type. Of the species studied, the wild domestic cats, and the Panthera and ocelot lineages, all had type A blood; the Puma lineage showed almost exclusively type B blood. The prevalence of wild felids blood types show that there seems to be variation between species, but not within species, and no evidence of geographical variation has yet been found, showing apparently no genetic variability. The presence of alloantibodies has also been demonstrated, so the risk of life-threatening transfusion reactions due to mismatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis is a possibility. Like in other species, the recognition of wild felids blood groups is clinically relevant, as it can also be important in establishing phylogenetic relationships within the Felidae family. We will review the current knowledge on this topic and give insights into the wild felids blood groups potential for zoo transfusion medicine and phylogenetic studies in order to help support reintroduction projects and to preserve genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silvestre-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department de Medicinia i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universititat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
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Can H, Erkunt Alak S, Köseoğlu AE, Şahar U, Bostanbaş B, Baydarlı S, Döşkaya M, Ün C. Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:282. [PMID: 33874895 PMCID: PMC8054402 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Can
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Şahar
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Bostanbaş
- Department of Veterinary Affairs, Municipality of Narlıdere, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Baydarlı
- Department of Veterinary Affairs, Municipality of Narlıdere, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ün
- Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, İzmir, Turkey.
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Tommaso MD, Miglio A, Crisi PE, Boari A, Rocconi F, Antognoni MT, Luciani A. Frequency of Blood Types A, B and AB in a Population of Non-Pedigree Domestic Cats from Central Italy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101937. [PMID: 33096858 PMCID: PMC7589244 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of AB blood groups in non-pedigree domestic cats in Central Italy. The presence of natural alloantibodies in the feline blood group system can cause life-threatening transfusion reactions due to mismatched transfusion and, depending on the parents’ blood type, can also account for hemolytic reactions in newborn kittens. Based on the frequency of the AB blood groups found in the 483 cats studied, a potential risk (6.5%) of acute hemolytic transfusion or neonatal reactions was calculated. Therefore, determining the blood group in non-pedigree domestic cats from Central Italy before transfusion is strongly recommended, as has been reported for other geographical areas. Moreover, particular attention should be paid to the mating of non-purebred cats. Abstract Blood transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis are common events in the feline population due to the presence of natural alloantibodies in the AB blood group system. It is known that the frequency of feline blood types varies according to the geographic region and breed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of AB blood groups in non-pedigree domestic cats in Central Italy and estimate the risk of a life-threatening transfusion reaction and neonatal isoerythrolysis, caused by mismatched transfusion or incompatible random mating, respectively. The AB blood group was determined on non-pedigree domestic feline patients and potential blood donors submitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of the Universities of Teramo (Abruzzo Region, Teramo, Italy) and Perugia (Umbria Region, Teramo, Italy), and visited at veterinary practitioners in Rome (Lazio Region, Teramo, Italy) using commercial immunochromatographic cartridges and commercial agglutination cards. There were four hundred and eighty-three cats included in the study. The frequencies of the blood types were: 89.9% type A, 7.0% type B, and 3.1% type AB. The probability of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction or a neonatal isoerythrolysis was 6.5%. Although the frequency of type B in non-pedigree domestic cats living in Central Italy was relatively low, to reduce the risk of fatal transfusion reactions, blood group typing is recommended before each transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Di Tommaso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesca Rocconi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Alessia Luciani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.E.C.); (A.B.); (F.R.); (A.L.)
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Vieira SM, Ferreira RRF, de Matos AJ, Cardoso IM, Graça RMC, Soares AR, Blasi-Brugué C, Sánchez IM, Gopegui RR. Distribution of feline AB blood types: a review of frequencies and its implications in the Iberian Peninsula. JFMS Open Rep 2017; 3:2055116917727693. [PMID: 28975035 PMCID: PMC5613844 DOI: 10.1177/2055116917727693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to document the prevalence of feline blood types in the Iberian Peninsula and to determine the potential risk of incompatibility-related transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions and the potential risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in kittens born to parents of unknown blood type. Methods Blood samples were obtained from blood donors of the Animal Blood Bank (BSA-Banco de Sangue Animal). Blood typing was performed using a card method (RapidVet-H Feline Blood Typing; MDS). Results The studied population comprised 1070 purebred and non-purebred cats from Portugal and Spain aged between 1 and 8 years. Overall, frequencies of blood types A and B were 96.5% and 3.5%, respectively. No AB cats were found. Based on these data, the potential risks of NI and transfusion reactions in unmatched transfusions were calculated to be 6.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance Unlike previous studies, no type AB cats were found in this study. Although the calculated potential risks of transfusion reaction in unmatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis were low, blood typing prior to blood transfusion and blood typing of cats for breeding purposes are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui R F Ferreira
- Animal Blood Bank, Porto, Portugal.,Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Jf de Matos
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Carles Blasi-Brugué
- Animal Blood Bank, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael R Gopegui
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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Thengchaisri N, Sinthusingha C, Arthitwong S, Sattasathuchana P. Comparative serological investigation between cat and tiger blood for transfusion. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1081-1085. [PMID: 28450662 PMCID: PMC5487787 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that non-domesticated felids inherited the same AB-erythrocyte antigens
as domestic cats. To study the possible compatibility of tiger blood with that of other
endangered felidae, blood samples from captive tigers and domestic cats were subjected to
an in vitro study. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify
whether the captive tigers had blood type AB and (2) determine the compatibility between
the blood of captive tigers and that of domestic cats with a similar blood type. The
anti-coagulated blood with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid of 30 tigers was examined to
determine blood type, and a crossmatching test was performed between tiger and cat blood.
All 30 tigers had blood type A. Tube agglutination tests using tiger plasma with cat
erythrocytes resulted in 100% agglutination (n=30) with type B cat erythrocytes and 76.7%
agglutination (n=23) with type A cat erythrocytes. The 80% of major and 60% of minor
compatibilities between blood from 10 tigers and 10 domestic cats with blood type A were
found to pass compatibility tests. Interestingly, 3/10 of the tigers’ red blood cell
samples were fully compatible with all cat plasmas, and 1/10 of the tiger plasma samples
were fully compatible with the type A red cells of domestic cats. Although the result of
present findings revealed type-A blood group in the surveyed tigers, the reaction of tiger
plasma with Type-A red cell from cats suggested a possibility of other blood type in
tigers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chayakrit Sinthusingha
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surapong Arthitwong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Panpicha Sattasathuchana
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Omi T, Nakazawa S, Udagawa C, Tada N, Ochiai K, Chong YH, Kato Y, Mitsui H, Gin A, Oda H, Azakami D, Tamura K, Sako T, Inagaki T, Sakamoto A, Tsutsui T, Bonkobara M, Tsuchida S, Ikemoto S. Molecular Characterization of the Cytidine Monophosphate-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase (CMAH) Gene Associated with the Feline AB Blood Group System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165000. [PMID: 27755584 PMCID: PMC5068781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cat’s AB blood group system (blood types A, B, and AB) is of major importance in feline transfusion medicine. Type A and type B antigens are Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac, respectively, and the enzyme CMAH participating in the synthesis of Neu5Gc from Neu5Ac is associated with this cat blood group system. Rare type AB erythrocytes express both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac. Cat serum contains naturally occurring antibodies against antigens occurring in the other blood types. To understand the molecular genetic basis of this blood group system, we investigated the distribution of AB blood group antigens, CMAH gene structure, mutation, diplotypes, and haplotypes of the cat CMAH genes. Blood-typing revealed that 734 of the cats analyzed type A (95.1%), 38 cats were type B (4.9%), and none were type AB. A family of three Ragdoll cats including two type AB cats and one type A was also used in this study. CMAH sequence analyses showed that the CMAH protein was generated from two mRNA isoforms differing in exon 1. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the 16 exons including the coding region of CMAH examined in the 34 type B cats and in the family of type AB cats carried the CMAH variants, and revealed multiple novel diplotypes comprising several polymorphisms. Haplotype inference, which was focused on non-synonymous SNPs revealed that eight haplotypes carried one to four mutations in CMAH, and all cats with type B (n = 34) and AB (n = 2) blood carried two alleles derived from the mutated CMAH gene. These results suggested that double haploids selected from multiple recessive alleles in the cat CMAH loci were highly associated with the expression of the Neu5Ac on erythrocyte membrane in types B and AB of the feline AB blood group system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Omi
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shota Nakazawa
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Udagawa
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tada
- International Institute of Small Animal Medicine (Bio Plus), AHB Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Hwa Chong
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kato
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Mitsui
- International Institute of Small Animal Medicine (Bio Plus), AHB Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Gin
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Oda
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Tamura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sako
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsui
- International Institute of Small Animal Medicine (Bio Plus), AHB Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Bonkobara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Comparative Cellular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Ikemoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pinto ABT, Medeiros MÂDS, Jardim MPDB, Albernaz AP. FREQUÊNCIAS DOS TIPOS SANGUÍNEOS E TÍTULOS DOS ALOANTICORPOS EM FELINOS DOMÉSTICOS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i213453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A área da hemoterapia necessita de testes de compatibilidade sanguínea confiáveis, como a tipagem sanguínea, para se evitarem possíveis reações transfusionais, mas em felinos é também importante para se evitar a isoeritrólise neonatal. Transfusões sanguíneas realizadas entre felinos doadores e receptores que não possuem compatibilidade sanguínea podem refletir em reação transfusional aguda, particularmente severa quando o sangue tipo A é transfundido em um gato tipo B, pois geralmente este último possui altos níveis de aloanticorpos de ocorrência natural. Portanto, o conhecimento da frequência dos tipos sanguíneos da população de gatos de uma região pode auxiliar na determinação dos riscos de reações transfusionais e de ocorrência de isoeritrólise neonatal. Tais riscos podem ser prevenidos com a tipagem sanguínea em casos de transfusão. Foram coletadas 100 amostras sanguíneas de felinos para a realização da tipagem sanguínea com plasmas reagentes anti-A e anti-B conhecidas e titulações de aloanticorpos anti-A e anti-B dos plasmas armazenados. A distribuição das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos foi 96% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo A e 4% de felinos com tipo sanguíneo B, não sendo encontrado na amostra populacional de felino tipo AB. Há um grande risco de reação adversa através da transfusão sanguínea randomizada entre felinos não tipados previamente.
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Ilhan Z, Karaca M, Ekin IH, Solmaz H, Akkan HA, Tutuncu M. Detection of seasonal asymptomatic dermatophytes in Van cats. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:225-30. [PMID: 26887249 PMCID: PMC4822779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Van cat is a domestic landrace found in the Van province of eastern Turkey. In this study, we aimed to determine the seasonal carriage of dermatophytes in Van cats without clinical lesions. A total of 264 hair specimens were collected from clinically healthy cats in and around the Van Province. Of these samples, 30.3% were obtained in spring, 30.6% in summer, 16.6% in autumn, and 22.3% in winter; 45.1% of samples were from male cats and the rest from female ones. Of the studied cats, 118 were younger than 1 year, 78 were 1-3 years old, and 68 were older than 3 years. The specimens were subjected to direct microscopic examination with 15% potassium hydroxide and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium supplemented with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Dermatophyte identification was carried out based on macroscopic and microscopic colony morphology, urease activities, in vitro hair perforation test, growth at 37°C, and pigmentation on corn meal agar. Dermatophytes were isolated from 19 (7.1%) of the 264 specimens examined. The most frequently isolated fungi were Trichophyton terrestre (4.1%), followed by Microsporum gypseum (1.1%), M. nanum (1.1%), and T. mentagrophytes (0.7%), and these fungi may represent a health risk for humans in contact with clinically healthy Van cats. M. canis was not isolated from any of the specimens. Our results show no significant (p>0.05) association between carriage of dermatophytes and the gender of cats. The carriage rate of dermatophytes was high in spring and winter, and the only possible risk factor for infection was age of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Ilhan
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 65080 Van, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Karaca
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Ekin
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Hasan Solmaz
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Hasan Altan Akkan
- Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tutuncu
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 55270 Samsun, Turkey
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Proverbio D, Spada E, Perego R, Della Pepa A, Bagnagatti De Giorgi G, Baggiani L. Assessment of blood types of Ragdoll cats for transfusion purposes. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:157-62. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Proverbio
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Eva Spada
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Roberta Perego
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Pepa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
| | - Luciana Baggiani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Unit of Veterinary Transfusion Medicine; University of Milan; Milan; Italy
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11
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Genetic Structure and Variation of Van Cats. Biochem Genet 2011; 49:511-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seth M, Jackson KV, Giger U. Comparison of five blood-typing methods for the feline AB blood group system. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:203-9. [PMID: 21281194 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective-To compare the ease of use and accuracy of 5 feline AB blood-typing methods: card agglutination (CARD), immunochromatographic cartridge (CHROM), gel-based (GEL), and conventional slide (SLIDE) and tube (TUBE) agglutination assays. Sample Population-490 anticoagulated blood samples from sick and healthy cats submitted to the Transfusion or Clinical Laboratory at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Procedures-Sample selection was purposely biased toward those from anemic, type B, or type AB cats or those with autoagglutination. All blood samples were tested by use of GEL, SLIDE, and TUBE methods. Fifty-eight samples were also tested by use of CARD and CHROM methods. The presence of alloantibodies in all cats expressing the B antigen as detected by use of any method was also assessed. Results-Compared with the historical gold-standard TUBE method, good to excellent agreement was achieved with the other typing tests: CARD, 53 of 58 (91% agreement); CHROM, 55 of 58 (95%); GEL, 487 of 490 (99%); and SLIDE, 482 of 487 (99%; 3 samples were excluded because of autoagglutination). Four of the samples with discordant test results originated from cats with FeLV-related anemia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Current laboratory and in-clinic methods provide simple and accurate typing for the feline AB blood group system with few discrepancies. Retyping after in-clinic typing with the GEL or TUBE laboratory methods is recommended to confirm any type B or AB cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Seth
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Marques C, Ferreira M, Gomes JF, Leitão N, Costa M, Serra P, Duarte Correia JH, Pomba CF. Frequency of blood type A, B, and AB in 515 domestic shorthair cats from the Lisbon area. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:185-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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High-performance liquid chromatography ganglioside pattern of the AB feline blood group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Silvestre-Ferreira AC, Pastor J. Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis and the importance of feline blood types. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010:753726. [PMID: 20631821 PMCID: PMC2899707 DOI: 10.4061/2010/753726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although feline neonatal isoerythrolysis is rare, associated mortality rate is high. It results from mating of type B blood queens with type A or AB blood toms. A comprehensive review on feline blood types and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis physiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Hospital, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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16
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Abstract
Blood samples from 100 adult Bengal cats from the UK were submitted for assessment of blood type using RapidVet-H Feline blood typing cards (dms Laboratories), with further assessment by standard blood typing in a microtitre plate assay when card typing was inconclusive or revealed blood type B or AB. Ninety-eight cats were found to be type A when assessed using the blood typing cards. One cat initially tested as type AB but was found to be type A on testing a second blood sample using the blood typing cards. One cat initially tested as type B but was found to be type A when a second sample was tested by standard blood typing assay. Finding that 100% of the cats were blood type A is in contrast with previous studies that reported 10 Bengal cats to be type A, four to be type AB and one to be type B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièlle A Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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17
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Forcada Y, Guitian J, Gibson G. Frequencies of feline blood types at a referral hospital in the south east of England. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:570-3. [PMID: 17608664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of blood types in the feline patients and blood donors of the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK), that were typed between 2000 and 2004. METHODS A retrospective study was performed using files of patients and blood donors of the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals seen between January 2000 and November 2004. Commercial blood typing cards were used to determine the blood type. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-six cats were included in the study; 51 (32.7 per cent) were pedigree and 105 (67.3 per cent) non-pedigree. Of the 51 pedigree cats, the prevalence of blood types was as follows: type A, 42 (82.4 per cent); type B, seven (13.7 per cent) and type AB, two (3.9 per cent). Of the 105 non-pedigree cats, the prevalence of blood types was as follows: type A, 71 (67.6 per cent); type B 32 (30.5 per cent) and type AB two (1.9 per cent). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of type B blood in non-pedigree cats is higher than previously suggested and shows high variability within the UK; because of this, blood typing all feline patients, not only the ones of a breed typically known to have higher prevalence of type B blood before transfusion, is absolutely necessary to avoid a fatal transfusion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Forcada
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH6 7TE, UK
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18
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Arikan S, Gurkan M, Ozaytekin E, Dodurka T, Giger U. Frequencies of blood type A, B and AB in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 47:10-3. [PMID: 16417604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the distribution of blood types and to estimate the proportion of matings at risk for neonatal isoerythrolysis in non-pedigree domestic cats. METHODS The present survey determined the frequency of blood types in 301 cats from four distinct regions of Turkey. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated blood samples were typed by simple tube and slide agglutination assays. Serum obtained from type B cats and an anti-B solution, prepared with Triticum vulgaris, were used to determine type A and type B blood, respectively. RESULTS Of the 301 cats typed, 220 had type A blood, 74 had type B and seven had type AB. There was a significant difference (P<0.01) between the locations of the cats, with fewer type B cats in the eastern than in the western parts of Turkey. Risk for the development of neonatal isoerythrolysis due to A-B mismatch was estimated to be 18.6 per cent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The overall type B frequency in Turkish domestic cats is high. Thus, untyped transfusions in these cats carry a high risk of life-threatening acute haemolytic transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis. It is therefore strongly recommended that blood typing be performed before breeding or transfusing in order to minimise blood type incompatibility risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arikan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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19
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Stieger K, Palos H, Giger U. Comparison of various blood-typing methods for the feline AB blood group system. Am J Vet Res 2005; 66:1393-9. [PMID: 16173483 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare feline blood-typing results determined by use of the card (CARD), gel (GEL), tube (TUBE), University of Pennsylvania (Penn) tube, and Penn slide tests. SAMPLE POPULATION Blood samples from 38 healthy cats. PROCEDURES Blood samples, anticoagulated with EDTA, were screened by use of each blood-typing method according to manufacturers' protocols. RESULTS On the basis of the standard Penn tube and slide test results, 20, 11, and 7 cats were classified as type A positive, type B positive, and type AB positive, respectively. The same results were obtained with the anti-B and anti-B reagents of the TUBE test. Use of anti-A antibodies of original polyclonal and current monoclonal CARD tests resulted in mostly 2+ to 3+ (scale, 0 to 4+) agglutination reactions with blood samples from type A-positive cats; agglutination reactions with blood samples from type AB-positive cats were weak (1+). The anti-B lectin of the CARD test induced a 2+ to 4+ reaction with blood from all type B- and type AB-positive cats. Use of the GEL test allowed recognition of type A and type B blood samples; following addition of anti-A serum to control columns, type B blood was differentiated from type AB blood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the in-practice CARD test allows identification of type A- and type B-positive cats, but weak reactions of type AB blood with the anti-A monoclonal antibody raise concerns. The modified GEL and TUBE tests appear to be reliable clinical laboratory methods for feline blood typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Stieger
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Gurkan M, Arikan S, Ozaytekin E, Dodurka T. Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: assessing the transfusion reaction risk. J Feline Med Surg 2005; 7:301-5. [PMID: 15914059 PMCID: PMC10822357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gurkan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Malik R, Griffin DL, White JD, Rozmanec M, Tisdall PLC, Foster SF, Bell K, Nicholas FW. The prevalence of feline A/B blood types in the Sydney region. Aust Vet J 2005; 83:38-44. [PMID: 15971816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of A/B blood types in pedigree and crossbred cats in the Sydney region, and to estimate the associated risk of administering incompatible blood in an unmatched random transfusion. DESIGN A prospective/retrospective study of blood specimens collected from both sick and healthy cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was collected from 355 cats from the Sydney region over a 12-year period from 1992 to 2003. Specimens were obtained from 187 domestic crossbred cats (short and long-haired) and 168 pedigree cats. The blood type of each cat was determined by one of three different laboratories using standard methods that varied over the duration of the survey. RESULTS The distributions of blood types obtained by the three laboratories were not significantly different. The prevalence of type-A, type-B and type-AB blood types in crossbred cats was 62%, 36% and 1.6%, respectively. This is the highest percentage of type-B cats so far reported for an outbred population of domestic cats, and is significantly higher than the 26% reported previously for cats in the Brisbane region. The calculated frequency for the type-B allele assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this feline population is 0.60; the corresponding frequency of the type-A allele is thus approximately 0.40. The calculated proportion of random transfusions from this population giving rise to an incompatible blood transfusion is 46%, with half of these being life-threatening events. The calculated proportion of random matings from this population at risk for developing neonatal isoerythrolysis is 23%. The distribution of A and B blood types for pedigree cats was in general agreement with data reported previously for cats in North America and Europe, suggesting that the distribution of blood types in these purebred populations is relatively consistent throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of type B cats in the owned domestic and pedigree cat population is so high that blood typing or cross matching prior to transfusion should be mandatory, except in Siamese/Oriental cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Malik
- Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, Conference Centre, Building B22, The University of Sydney, New South Wales
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22
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Silvestre-Ferreira AC, Pastor J, Almeida O, Montoya A. Frequencies of feline blood types in northern Portugal. Vet Clin Pathol 2004; 33:240-3. [PMID: 15570562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2004.tb00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of feline blood types in northern Portugal were studied by surveying 185 pedigreed and nonpedigreed cats. Blood typing was performed by the traditional tube method. As a single group, the majority of cats were type A (90.3%), 3.8% were type B, and 5.9% were type AB. Among pedigreed cats, 19 were Siamese and 7 were Persian; all but 1 were type A. Among nonpedigreed cats, 89.3% were type A, 4.4% were type B, and 6.3% were type AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Arikan S, Akkan HA. Titres of naturally occurring alloantibodies against feline blood group antigens in Turkish Van cats. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45:289-92. [PMID: 15206473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-eight Turkish Van cats were examined for alloantibody titres, of which 42.3 per cent had type A blood and 57.7 per cent had type B blood. No type AB cats were found. All type B cats (n = 45) showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody, with titres ranging from 2 to 256. Sixty-seven per cent of type B cats had anti-A antibody in their plasma, with titres ranging from 8 to 32. However, 13 per cent of type B cats had plasma alloantibody titres of less than 8 and 20 per cent had titres that were higher than 32. A total of 33 type A cats were also tested for anti-B alloantibody titres in their plasma. Among the type A plasma, gross agglutination at titres of 2 and greater than 2 were determined in 24 per cent and 36 per cent of samples, respectively. Microscopic agglutination was seen in an additional 18 per cent of plasma samples. There was no significant association between gender and plasma alloantibody titres of cats (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arikan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Weingart C, Giger U, Kohn B. Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation. J Feline Med Surg 2004; 6:139-48. [PMID: 15135350 PMCID: PMC10822350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This survey assessed the feline transfusion practices at the University of Berlin from 1998 to 2001 in regard to patient population, indications, efficacy, and transfusion reactions. Blood was obtained from seven healthy in-house donors and 127 mostly indoor client-owned pet cats. Over a 3-year period 91 cats were transfused with blood type compatible blood. The blood was fresh (within 8 h of collection) or stored no longer than 15 days. Transfusions were required because of blood loss anaemia (n=40), haemolytic anaemia (n=13), ineffective erythropoiesis (n=35), hypoproteinaemia (n=2) or coagulopathy (n=2). The anaemic cats had a pretransfusion haematocrit of 5-20% (m [median]=13), and received one to six transfusions (m=1). The survival rates of the anaemic cats at 1 and 10 days after transfusion were 84 and 64%, respectively. None of the deaths appeared to be related to transfusion reactions. The major crossmatch, undertaken before 117 transfusions, was incompatible for eight cats. All except for one had previously been transfused. Lysis of transfused cells in six cases resulted in a less than expected haematocrit rise and an increase in serum bilirubin. Transient mild transfusion reactions were only noted in two cats during the second or third transfusion. In conclusion, with proper donor selection and appropriate compatibility screening, blood transfusions are well tolerated, appear effective, and may increase chances of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Weingart
- Clinic for Small Animals, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Giger
- Clinic for Small Animals, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Kohn
- Clinic for Small Animals, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
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