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Tomé-Poderti L, Olivero-Deibe N, Carrión F, Portela MM, Obal G, Cabrera G, Bianchi S, Lima A, Addiego A, Durán R, Moratorio G, Pritsch O. Characterization and application of recombinant Bovine Leukemia Virus Env protein. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12190. [PMID: 38806566 PMCID: PMC11133380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex is instrumental in viral infectivity and shapes the host's immune response. This study presents the production and characterization of a soluble furin-mutated BLV Env ectodomain (sBLV-EnvFm) expressed in a stable S2 insect cell line. We purified a 63 kDa soluble protein, corresponding to the monomeric sBLV-EnvFm, which predominantly presented oligomannose and paucimannose N-glycans, with a high content of core fucose structures. Our results demonstrate that our recombinant protein can be recognized from specific antibodies in BLV infected cattle, suggesting its potential as a powerful diagnostic tool. Moreover, the robust humoral immune response it elicited in mice shows its potential contribution to the development of subunit-based vaccines against BLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tomé-Poderti
- Immunovirology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Morphogenesis and Antigenicity of HIV and Hepatitis Viruses (MAVIVH), INSERM Unit 1259, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
| | | | - Federico Carrión
- Immunovirology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Magdalena Portela
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Obal
- Immunovirology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gleysin Cabrera
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Bianchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomarkers, Department of Physiopathology, University Hospital, Universidad de la República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analia Lima
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Addiego
- Immunovirology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosario Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Experimental Evolution of Viruses, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Immunovirology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Immunobiology Department School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Troiano LDC, Thomaz-Soccol V, Agottani JVB, Brodzinski J, Penha TR, Ozaki SC. Production, Characterization, and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Against gp51 Protein to Diagnose Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:55-60. [PMID: 23515423 PMCID: PMC3569942 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a retroviral infection that causes persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle. The economic importance of infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is due to several factors, including losses in exportation, treatment of secondary infection, and reduction in dairy production. To facilitate the development of a national test that is sensitive, simple, and applicable on a large scale, this work aimed to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against gp51 protein from BLV for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Two hundred seventy-four hybridomas were generated, from which 37 were mAbs secretory clones screened by indirect ELISA. The specificity of the mAbs generated against gp51 was verified by Western blot analysis, and the isotypes were characterized for isotyping in IgG1 and IgM. To evaluate the test, 250 sera were tested by agar gel immunodiffusion and mAb-ELISA. The values obtained for the mAb-ELISA test were 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla D C Troiano
- Division of Antigens, Parana Institute of Technology (TECPAR), Federal University of Parana (UFPR) , Curitiba, Brazil . ; Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR) , Curitiba, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- N. F. Starodub
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - V. M. Starodub
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Müller C, Coffey TJ, Koss M, Teifke JP, Langhans W, Werling D. Lack of TNF alpha supports persistence of a plasmid encoding the bovine leukaemia virus in TNF(-/-) mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 92:15-22. [PMID: 12628760 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is well recognised for its role in mediating innate immune responses. However, the mechanisms of TNF that influence the adaptive immune response to viral infections are poorly understood. Over recent years, there has been evidence to suggest a role for TNF in the early phase of infection of ruminants with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). In this study, we infected TNF(-/-) mice with a plasmid encoding infectious BLV to further elucidate the role of TNF in BLV infection. TaqMan quantitative PCR showed that proviral DNA was present in genomic DNA isolated from spleen cells of TNF(-/-) mice 4 weeks post-infection, whereas it was not detected in wild-type mice. We were not able to detect differences in serum IgM or IgG levels between the TNF(-/-) and wild-type mice, or antibodies to BLV after this short period. In showing that the lack of TNF enables the plasmid encoded BLV to persist longer, and therefore rendering the mice more susceptible to an infection with BLV, the data suggest an important defence function of TNF in the early phase of BLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Müller
- Institute of Animal Sciences, ETH Zürich, Schornenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Llames L, Goyache J, Domenech A, Montaña AV, Suarez G, Gomez-Lucia E. Cellular distribution of bovine leukemia virus proteins gp51SU, Pr72(env), and Pr66(gag-pro) in persistently infected cells. Virus Res 2001; 79:47-57. [PMID: 11551645 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) mature proteins and precursors were used to map the localization of these proteins in persistently infected non-lymphocytic cell lines using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immuno-electron microscopy. IFA staining was observed in the basolateral surface of live FLK-BLV cells. When using a mAb against Pr66(gag-pro), mottled pinpoint fluorescence was seen in the cell surface of polarized cells, but no reaction was observed in cells undergoing mitosis. However, a mAb against Pr72(env) stained only mitotic cells and cellular fragments. Additionally, in these dividing cells, this envelope (Env) precursor polyprotein was not evenly distributed but concentrated predominantly in only one daughter cell. To the best of our knowledge, this observation has not been reported previously, either for BLV or for other retroviruses. The results of immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the specificity of the mAbs in the intracellular level. In infected cells, Pr72(env) and gp51SU were seen in proximity at the plasma membrane in incipient budding sites. Additionally, the mAb against Pr72(env) also reacted with Env precursor polyproteins in the mitochondria of BLV-bat(2) ultrathin sections. These mAbs may be used as a tool for mapping virus excretion sites in the cell surface of naturally or in vitro infected cells in the different stages of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Llames
- Dpto Patología Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Altreuther G, Llames L, Neuenschwander S, Langhans W, Werling D. Morphologic and functional changes in bovine monocytes infected in vitro with the bovine leukaemia virus. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:459-69. [PMID: 11696197 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Experiments on the host cell spectrum of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a retrovirus closely related to the human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), have yielded conflicting data. Currently, BLV is known to infect B cells, whereas its ability to infect other cell types, e.g. monocytes/macrophages, is doubtful. As monocytes/macrophages may have profound effects on the diversity of the T-cell response, we studied the possibility of in vitro infection, using bovine monocytes and SV40-transformed bovine macrophages. Proviral DNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from day 1 until the end of the experiments at either day 5 or day 80, depending on the quantity of virus used for infection. In addition, the infection was associated with morphological changes in infected cells as revealed by electron microscopy. The in vitro infection did not significantly change either the expression of surface antigens (CD11b, CD32, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II) or the amounts of cytokine transcripts (interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The data suggest that BLV can infect monocytes, but the infection does not seem to influence the function or the phenotype of these cells. Infected monocytes may, however, play a role as a viral reservoir in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Altreuther
- Physiology and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Llames L, Goyache J, Domenech A, Arjona A, Suarez G, Gomez-Lucia E. Evaluation of virus excretion by cells persistently infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) using monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Virol 2001; 22:31-9. [PMID: 11418350 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(01)00154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukaemia. Studies in vitro usually require the use of infected cell lines, mostly to produce antigen. Two of the most widely used cell lines are FLK-BLV and BLV-bat2. OBJECTIVE the dynamics of the excretion of BLV proteins and whole virus by the persistently BLV-infected cell lines mentioned above was studied using an indirect ELISA in combination with eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and cow and rabbit serum. STUDY DESIGN tissue culture flasks were seeded with different concentrations of cells (13000-67000 cells per cm2, corresponding to 1-5 million cells per 75 cm2 flask) and were studied for 20 days. Samples (1.5 ml) were removed every 24 h and the presence of BLV proteins was determined using an indirect ELISA assay in which the antigen reaction with the monoclonal antibodies was evidenced by peroxidase labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulins. RESULTS cell line FLK-BLV produced a complete monolayer as early as 4 days after passage, 3 days earlier than BLV-bat2. Using mAbs, the amount of viral proteins in the supernatant showed a cyclic pattern, with two evident peaks at days ca. 8 and 16. These peaks occurred even in the absence of passage or medium change, which causes depletion of essential nutrients and acidity. In comparison to polyclonal serum, mAbs gave more clear and defined values and are useful for determining the dynamics of viral production. CONCLUSION when aiming for high viral yield, BLV should be harvested between days 6 and 8 after passage, when viral shedding is at its maximum. These results are very useful for preparing antigen for monoclonal antibody production, or for techniques such as ELISA or Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Llames
- Departmento Patología Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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