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Larangeira de Almeida H, Kramer Costa LR, Scott da Rocha A. Extensive micropustular Tinea capitis in an adult caused by Trichophyton verrucosum with evolution to Kerion Celsi. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:315-318. [PMID: 37985299 PMCID: PMC10943295 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
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2
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Cerqueira P, Cunha A, Almeida-Aguiar C. Potential of propolis antifungal activity for clinical applications. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1207-1228. [PMID: 35592938 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of skin diseases of microbial origin along with the widespread increase of microbial resistance demand for therapeutic alternatives. Research on natural compounds has been opening new perspectives for the development of new therapies with health positive impacts. Propolis, a resinous mixture produced by honeybees from plant exudates, is widely used as a natural medicine since ancient times, mainly due to its antimicrobial properties. More recently, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities were also reported for this natural product, highlighting its high potential pharmacological interest. In the present work, an extensive review of the main fungi causing skin diseases as well as the effects of natural compounds, particularly propolis, against such disease-causing microorganisms was organized and compiled in concise handy tables. This information allows to conclude that propolis is a highly effective antimicrobial agent suggesting that it could be used as an alternative skin treatment against pathogenic microorganisms and also as a cosmeceutic component or as a source of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Cerqueira
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C, Martínez‐Herrera E, Szepietowski J, Pinto‐Almazán R, Frías‐De‐León M, Espinosa‐Hernández V, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, García‐Salazar E, Vega‐Sánchez D, Arenas R, Hay R, Saunte D. A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:844-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez‐Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Dermatology Department Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Martínez‐Herrera
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - R. Pinto‐Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - M.G. Frías‐De‐León
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - V.M. Espinosa‐Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. García‐Salazar
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - D.C. Vega‐Sánchez
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Hay
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK
| | - D.M. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Schumny U, Wiegand C, Hipler UC, Darr-Foit S, Peckruhn M, Uhrlaß S, Nenoff P, Elsner P. Berufliche Infektion mit Trichophyton verrucosum bei einem Rinderzüchter. Hautarzt 2020; 71:899-902. [PMID: 32720167 PMCID: PMC7653785 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Die Kälberflechte ist eine durch Tiere übertragene Pilzinfektion, die berufsbedingt auftreten und nach Nr. 3102 BKV (Berufskrankheiten-Verordnung) als Berufskrankheit anerkannt werden kann. Die durch Trichophyton verrucosum ausgelöste Zoonose zeichnet sich häufig durch einen schweren klinischen Verlauf aus, der nicht selten als bakterielle Infektion fehlgedeutet und primär antibiotisch behandelt wird. Die Gewinnung und mykologische Untersuchung von Schuppenmaterial ist diagnostisch entscheidend; auch eine Biopsie kann wegweisend sein. Die orale Therapie erfolgt leitliniengemäß mit Terbinafin. Zudem ist zum Schutz vor Reinfektionen auf besondere Hygienemaßnahmen in Ställen zu achten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Schumny
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Cornelia Wiegand
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Uta-Christina Hipler
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Darr-Foit
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Melanie Peckruhn
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Silke Uhrlaß
- Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbiser Hauptstr. 8, 04571, Rötha, OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbiser Hauptstr. 8, 04571, Rötha, OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
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Kleen JL, Andres T, Exner U, Strie R. [Practicing veterinarians' perception of bovine ringworm as herd health problem]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2017; 45:83-88. [PMID: 28197622 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-160522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bovine ringworm (tinea) is generally described as a disease occurring regularly in cattle. Actual data are rare, whereas the disease is regularly reported in case reports. To eradicate bovine ringworm, perception as well as measures, including hygiene and disinfection, are required. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a course for continuing education, 378 practicing veterinarians were asked in a questionnaire to state their view on bovine ringworm. RESULTS The majority of the participants stated that ringworm was not satisfactorily perceived as an animal health problem and that the zoonotic potential was underestimated. A majority of participants agreed to diagnose ringworm on farms regularly and stated that they were involved in treating the disease. The participating veterinarians felt, however, that perception of ringworm by the farms themselves was inadequate. Vaccination was generally judged as being helpful. CONCLUSIONS Generally, practising veterinarians feel that bovine ringworm is being perceived as less important by farms than by themselves. It is to be concluded that more information and offers regarding the treatment for ringworm could contribute to more effective engagement in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim L Kleen
- Dr. Joachim Kleen, CowConsult, Hochfeldstraße 2, 26670 Uplengen, E-Mail:
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Laarman R, Horii KA. Painful Pustular Groin Eruption in a Teenage Boy. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:673-674. [PMID: 27882662 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Laarman
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas, MO
| | - Kimberly A Horii
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas, MO
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El-Tras WF, Tayel AA, Mohamed RA, El-Kordy DM, El-Kady NN, Samir A. Mixed rearing correlates with the existence of Trichophyton verrucosum pathogens in humans. DERMATOL SIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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8
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Lu M, Ran Y, Dai Y, Lei S, Zhang C, Zhuang K, Hu W. An ultrastructural study on corkscrew hairs and cigarette-ash-shaped hairs observed by dermoscopy of tinea capitis. SCANNING 2015; 38:128-32. [PMID: 26301780 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Lu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yaling Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Song Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Kaiwen Zhuang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Wenying Hu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Lyskova P, Hubka V, Petricakova A, Dobias R, Cmokova A, Kolarik M. Equine Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton bullosum, a Poorly Known Zoophilic Dermatophyte Masquerading as T. verrucosum. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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O'Gorman SM, Britton D, Collins P. An uncommon dermatophyte infection: two cases of cutaneous infection withTrichophyton verrucosum. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:395-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. O'Gorman
- Department of Dermatology; Saint Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - D. Britton
- Department of Microbiology; Saint Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - P. Collins
- Department of Dermatology; Saint Vincent's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
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Agnetti F, Righi C, Scoccia E, Felici A, Crotti S, Moretta I, Moretti A, Maresca C, Troiani L, Papini M. Trichophyton verrucosuminfection in cattle farms of Umbria (Central Italy) and transmission to humans. Mycoses 2014; 57:400-5. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agnetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Cecilia Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Felici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Iolanda Moretta
- Dep. of Biopathological Science and Animal and Alimentary Production Hygiene; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Annabella Moretti
- Dep. of Biopathological Science and Animal and Alimentary Production Hygiene; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Carmen Maresca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - Lucas Troiani
- Dep. of Medical-Surgical Specialties; Dermatological Unit of Terni; University of Perugia; Terni Italy
| | - Manuela Papini
- Dep. of Medical-Surgical Specialties; Dermatological Unit of Terni; University of Perugia; Terni Italy
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Marra GC, de Souza LH, Cardoso TADO. [Biosafety of working in cold storage units: from the profit margin to the safety margin]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2013; 18:3259-71. [PMID: 24196891 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232013001100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cold storage unit and meat production industry has made Brazil one of the leading suppliers and exporters of products of animal origin. The rapid expansion of the market has led to a rise in competitiveness from a capitalist standpoint, and in this respect corporate profit often leads to the need to adapt human actions to new functions in order to reduce costs and maximize production. These routine activities involve repetitive work, multi-tasking, long hours and operating machines with the use of sharp cutting tools, which is why the work is conducted wearing protective gear. Among the main hazards present, biological risks are the most important due to direct exposure to internal organs, blood, fecal matter, urine and placental or fetal fluids from slaughtered animals that may be infected with pathogens of zoonotic origin. This paper discusses the risks to which slaughterhouse-cold storage unit professionals are exposed, conducting a thorough bibliographical review of the literature that takes into consideration the conceptual framework of Biosafety, which contributes to improve the safety and health conditions of these workers.
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Weaver G, Newmyer R, Yeo KT, Jacobs MR, Tamburro J, Isham NC, Ghannoum M, Gonzalez BE. An Unusual Periorbital Rash in a Child. Clin Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Morrell J, Stratman E. Primary Care and Specialty Care Delays in DiagnosingTrichophyton verrucosumInfection Related to Cattle Exposure. J Agromedicine 2011; 16:244-50. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2011.605715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mikaeili A, Modaresi M, Karimi I, Ghavimi H, Fathi M, Jalilian N. Antifungal activities of Astragalus verus Olivier. against Trichophyton verrucosum on in vitro and in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis. Mycoses 2011; 55:318-25. [PMID: 21838718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus verus Olivier, Fabaceae has been used against ringworm in Kurdish ethnomedicine throughout millennia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of A. verus extracts against Trichophyton verrucosum on in vitro and in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis. The skin of albino guinea pigs was infected with T. verrucosum (1.0×10(7) conidia) and animals were divided into five groups (n=5 for each): negative control (NC), received a vehicle; positive control (PC), received topical terbinafine 1.0% and three other groups: AE10%, AE20% and AE40% which received topical 10%, 20% and 40% aqueous extract of A. verus, respectively. Evaluation of clinical efficacy was performed 72h after completion of a 7-day treatment regimen. Higher significant antifungal activities were observed in aqueous extract in the concentration 320 mg ml(-1) compared with acetone and methanol extracts. The aqueous extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration at 160 mg ml(-1) . Lower clinical scores indicate improved efficacy compared with NC. The lesion scores significantly declined in AE20%, AE40% and PC groups in comparison with NC group. The lesion scores in AE10% and AE20% groups were significantly higher than that of PC group. The AE10% group (18.3%) and AE20% group (39.43%) and AE40% group (66.19%) showed clinical efficacies compared with PC group (76.05%). In conclusion, aqueous extract showed promising antidermatophytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mikaeili
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Although Aspergillus spp. remain an important cause of IFI, other moulds such as Fusarium spp., dematiaceous fungi and Mucorales have become increasingly prevalent among this patient population. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive mould infections remain a challenge. Because of the poor prognosis associated with IFIs, understanding the activity, efficacy and limitations of the available drugs is critical to select the appropriate antifungal agent on an individualised basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa H Miceli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, MI, USA
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Aghamirian MR, Ghiasian SA. Dermatophytes as a cause of epizoonoses in dairy cattle and humans in Iran: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Mycoses 2009; 54:e52-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baker WS, Gray GC. A review of published reports regarding zoonotic pathogen infection in veterinarians. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234:1271-8. [PMID: 19442021 DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.10.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify published reports regarding zoonotic pathogen infection among veterinarians. DESIGN Literature review. PROCEDURES The PubMed electronic database of medical literature published between 1966 and November 2007 was searched. Clinical case reports and reports of outbreak investigations were also identified through searches of the literature outside of PubMed and searches of references listed in included articles. Reports eligible for inclusion included controlled and uncontrolled studies examining seroprevalence of animal pathogens in veterinarians, serosurveys involving veterinarians, and reports of zoonotic pathogen infections causing clinical illness. RESULTS 66 relevant articles were identified. This included 44 seroepidemiologic studies (some examined > 1 pathogen), 12 case reports, 3 outbreak investigations, and 7 self-reported surveys (including 4 related to personal protective equipment use). Of the 44 seroepidemiologic studies, 37 (84%) identified an increased risk of zoonotic pathogen infection among veterinarians, and 7 (16%) identified no increased risk or a decreased risk. Surveys also documented that veterinarians often failed to use recommended personal protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our review indicated that veterinarians had an increased risk of infection with a number of zoonotic pathogens. It also suggested that veterinarians may inadvertently serve as biological sentinels for emerging pathogens and could potentially spread zoonotic pathogens to their families, community members, and the animals for which they provide care. Professional and policy measures should be implemented to reduce the risk that veterinarians will become infected with, or transmit, zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S Baker
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA
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Papini R, Nardoni S, Fanelli A, Mancianti F. High infection rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in calves from Central Italy. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 56:59-64. [PMID: 18705659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological features of the zoonotic dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum were investigated in 294 calves from 20 farms located in Central Italy. By the combination of microscopic examinations and fungal cultures, the total prevalence rate of T. verrucosum infection was found to be high, with 87.7% of samples yielding positive results and 100% of farms being infected. Farm to farm prevalence of infection varied from 25% to 100% of the examined calves. Prevalence rates were higher in females than males (91.6% versus 84%), in >3-< or =6 than >6-< or =9 month old calves (89.8% versus 85.7%), in purebred than in crossbred (88.5% versus 81.8%), and in symptomatic than asymptomatic ones (95.7% versus 80.4%). T. verrucosum was as prevalent in semi-intensive as in intensive breeding system (88.2% versus 87.6%) but more prevalent in calves raised for meat rather than milk production (91.1% versus 84.9%), and reared under conventional than organic production management system (89.3% versus 82.6%). Prevalence rates were also higher when the cattle present in the farm were of mixed origin, rather than when the whole stock was purchased or was born in the farm (92% versus 88.2% and 85.7%), when other cattle in the farm were showing skin signs (90% versus 84.2%), and at least one case of human ringworm was recorded in the farm (90.9% versus 86.1%). No statistically significant association was found. Therefore, T. verrucosum infection may be more widespread in calves from Central Italy than it was previously thought to be. Calves of any sex, breed, age, and of any of the farm condition considered, are highly exposed to the risk of infection. As calves may play a considerable role as reservoirs of the infection, our results highlight the need to determine the incidence and the importance of T. verrucosum ringworm in personnel involved with cattle care in Italy and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Papini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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